Ki runga i, }
I runga i, } above, over.
Kei runga i, }
Hei runga i, }
No runga i, from above, i. e. belonging to that situation.
I runga i, from above, implying motion from.
Mo runga i, for above, i. e. to be above.
Ma runga i, by above, over, (of direction).
Ko runga i, to above, over.
In the second of these series o may be substituted for i, in which case the construction will be regular.
The simple prepositions may be combined in the same way with raro, to signify under, beneath &c.; with roto, to signify in, into, inside &c.; with waho, to signify without, outside, from without &c.
Mua and Muri are only used in series 2.
[XII. Have, Had &c.]
§ 71. The Verb "to have" having no equivalent in Maori, its place is supplied by the following expedients.
1. By the use of the possessive definitives ([§ 15]) the time (present or past) being gathered from the context.
Examples.