£s.d.f.
Tuesday, 25 Feb.—To Dominic of St. Domyngo for xxj. lbs. of Thomenk’ [? tow] at ij. d. halfpenny a poundiiij.iiij. ob.
To John de Speruent for one pound of oil, bought for the use of the calefetores [? caulkers]
To the same for j. quintal xxxvj. lbs. of gemma [? tar], bought for the work of caulking the great galley, at per quintal xv. vij.
To Peter Arñ for carriage of the said gemma from the house of the said John to the bridge ob. iij.
To Peter Arñ Daufereyn for j. skin of a sheep for caulking the said galley vj.
To Riudo Berñ for vj. faggots of brushwood bought for the caulking, and for their carriage to the bridgeiiij. ob. qr.
To Peter de Mouhay and his three fellows drawing water from the great galley, for one day iiij. vj.
To Dominic of St. Domyngo, caulker, and his fellow; to the said Dominic xvj. d. per diem, to the other xij. d.ij.iiij.
Total of the day xxviij. s. vj. d. qr. ma.
Wednesday, 26 Feb.—To John de Ville for v. boards bought for the repair of the galleys, price of each board, ij. s.
To Joan de Tyrons for l. nails bought for the work of the galleys, price
To William Faber for j. gymbelette bought for the work of the galleys
To Forcius de Lesgo and his fellow, carpenters, to the said Forcius xv. d. wages per diem, to the other xx. d. ij. xi.
To Dominic of St. Domyngo, caulker, and a certain servant; to the said Dominic xvj. d. wages per diem, to the other ix. d.ij.j.
To the same Dominic for xvj. lbs. of Thomenk’, price per lb. ij. d. ob.iij.iiij.
To Pelegrinus de Lesgo for j. jar, iij. saucers, in which the oil was placed, and for scrapers
To Gerard Darbent for ij. corbatons at vj. d. each.
Total of the day xx. s. j. d. ob. ma.
27 Feb.—To John de Tyrons for c. nails of rymiiij.
28 Feb.—To John de Tyrons for xij. nails of cauymv.
To Peter Johannis for xij. faggots of wood for heating the gemma, and for the carriage of the sameix.ob.
3 Mar.—To John de Speruent for one lb. of oil for mixing with the gemma
4 Mar.—To Peter Johannis for one ell of tela [? woven stuff] for the work of the caulkersxij.
7 Mar.—To Joan de Tyrons for c. nails of Tylat xj.
13 Mar.—To Dominic the caulker for his expenses from Bourdeaux to Bayonneiiij.vj.
15 Mar.—To Thomas of Sandwich, for carriage of the Serpent and Bygord’ from the bridge to the house of the painterij.
To William Mustard for bread and drink during three days given to the workmeniiij. ob.
16 Mar.—To John de Tyrons for xij. nails of cauym v.
To John de Castete and his companion for scraping the old painting of the great galley, each per diem xv.ij. vj.
To the same John for a calypp, hired for this worki.ob.
To Forcius de Lesgo, and his four companions, carpenters, working upon the masts and yards, each per diem xvj. d.vj.viij.
18 Mar.—To John de Castete for hire of a calypp; and for carrying sea-sand for the galleysi.ob.
To Adam of Northampton and his two companions, for carrying the said sand and drawing water for the small and the large galleyij.ij.
To the same Adam for three tribul’ for throwing the sand from the calipp to the galleyi. ob.
20 Mar.—To John de Seyntmartre for two anchors bought of him for the great galleyix.x.
To William Martini for carriage of the same from the house of the said John to the smith’s, and from the smith’s house to the bridgexvij.
To Arn. Johannis de Lesgo for issues and ij. plomas of the said anchorsij.vj.
22 Mar.—To William Rudi de Mamysan for the repair of two anchorsxij.
To John de Lussy for iiij. gemell’ of the mastsx.
To William Rudi de Mamysan for liiij. great nails made for the gemell’ix.
28 Mar.—To Forcius de Lesgo and his two companions for repairing the seats of the galleys, each per diem xvj. d.iiij.
To Joan de Tyrons for cccc. nails of Tylat at xj. d. per hundrediij.viij.
To the same for ccc. nails of Solira, at vj. d. per hundredxviij.
To the same for xlviij. nails of Cauym at v. d. per dozenxx.
29 Mar.—To John de Lussye for furtanes which were wanting in the said galleys x.
To William Mustard ... for bread and pomadr’ for all the workmen for iiij. daysiij.vj.
ult. Mar.—To Joan de Tyrons for xxiiij. nails of Cauym for the repair of the hinder part of the great galleyx.
To Forcius de Lesgo for ij. corbatons for the work on the great galley, pricexij.
To the same Forcius for v. ells of board bought for repairing the Bygorus xxij.
To Arn. Gerardi for ij. ligna (timbers) for loffis and bousprete ij.vj. ob.
To William Rudi de Mamysau for j. anchor purchased of him for the great galleyiiij.x.
&c. &c. &c.
f. 5 b. Friday, 14 March.—Ryndo de la Fyte for xxij. lbs. “folii albi de extinctu” for the work of painting the galleys, at xviij. d. per lb.xxxiij.
To the same for vj. lbs. of Orpiment at xvj. d.viij.
” ” ij. lbs. of Ind. at ix. s.xviij.
” ” viij. lbs. of blankett at viij. d.v. iiij.
” ” viij. lbs. of Certown at viij. d.v.iiij.
” ” ix. lbs. of vernyz at xx d.xv.
” ” iiij. lbs. of oil for mixing with the colours, at ix. d. per lb.iij.
” ” iij. lbs. “picturæ deauratæ” (? gold paint) at ij. s.vj.
To Petronilla la Mercadere for xij. lbs. of vermylon at ij. s.xxiiij.
To John de London for xxxv. lbs. and a half of “Cole” at v. d.xiij.ix. ob.
” ” for ij. lbs. of “Sedes de porc” at iiij. s.viij.
To Master John de Troia for waters for mixing with the coloursxij.
” ” for a quintal of “Craye” (chalk?)iij.
” ” for 1 lb. of waxii.vj.
” ” for eggs for mixing with the coloursiii.
To Master John the painter, commencing the painting of the great galley, per diemiij.
” ” for Thomas the painterxx.
To Mark the painter and his companion, each per diem xij. d.ij.
2 April.—To Master John de Troia for verdeterxviij.
Expenses of the galley of W. Baydn de Furno. To Benedicto de Pynak’ for 1 timber called the Braunc’ bought for the galiotvj.
To John de Gys for two timbers called Tymon (rudder?)iij.
To Saubatus de Laste for iiij. timbers called Juillatexii.
To Garsia Arñ de Castere for xviij. tostesiij.

And many similar entries, mentioning ij. band’. ij. latons xxviiij. lattes (laths). Estaunzons (staunchions). xviij. boards of Byerñ for scanull nails of Tylate, Rym, and tasse. a virga (or yard). Cavill’ and Coynz. Tymon (rudder?). breo albo. x. pipes for cisera at iij. s. ix. d. each, nails of Solira, and of Tilat iiij. Corbatouns. Chastereux of the yard. repairing a broken anchor.

£s.d.
To John Garsia de Baeryz (Biarritz) for his spinace hired of him for seeking and carrying the victuals for the mariners of the two galleys of our lord the King, and of one galeot, and for other necessary carriages by sea from Capebretoñ to England whenever necessaryxlv.vj.
Wages of the mariners conducting the galley “St. George” from Bayonne to Englandxxxv.xviij.iij.
sterling.
Wages &c. “St. Edward” xxij.x.viij.
sterling.
Wages &c. the galiotxvij. iij.ix.
Sum total of all the expenses incurredccc. iii-xx. j. l. xviij. s. viij. d. moneyequivalent to c.j. l. xvj. s. viij. d.sterling ij. d. money.[772]

[APPENDIX No. 8.]

The following condensed syllabus from Rymer’s “Fœdera,” to which great work repeated reference has been made in the foregoing pages, will serve to indicate the course of commerce between England and various states of the Continent between A.D. 1190 and A.D. 1460, and to exhibit, by the number of safe-conducts demanded and granted, the degrees in which it was interrupted by the disputes between the different monarchs of the period, or by acts of piracy. Ample illustration is also therein given of the custom of the day of pressing into the king’s service any vessel or vessels he might want for any purpose.

The names of all the states with which England was at war or at peace have been preserved, and a few incidental notices with reference to the course of trade, or of manners and customs. It will be observed that, during the reign of Edward the Third, the impressment of ships for the king’s war service descended as low as vessels of twenty tons; and that in one instance, at least, the defence of the sea was specially laid as a duty on the mercantile community. Special forms of safe-conduct, and for the arrest of ships and mariners, are added in illustration from MSS. in the British Museum.

Extracts relating to Maritime affairs from Sir T. Duffus Hardy’s “Syllabus of the Documents ... contained in Rymer’s ‘Fœdera.’”

Rich. I. 1190.—Ordinances by the king for the punishment of crimes committed on shipboard during the voyage to Jerusalem.
1191, 27 March.—The king confirms to the men of Rye and Winchelsea their privileges as under Henry II., they finding two ships to complete the twenty ships of Hastings.
John.1208, 8 April.—The king requests his mariners and merchants to aid the barons of the Cinque Ports in arresting all ships found on the seas, and conveying them to England.
1213, 3 March.—The king orders the whole shipping from every port in England to be at Portsmouth by mid-Lent.
1216, 2 June.—The king requests the jurats of Bayonne to employ their galleys in annoying his enemies.
Hen. III.1217, 10 Oct.—The king to the king of Norway; will gladly promote commercial intercourse with that realm.
1236, 26 May.—Proclamation respecting the goods of persons escaping from shipwreck on the coasts of England, Poitou, Gascony, and Oleron.
1242, 8 June.—The king to the barons of the Cinque Ports and the men of Dunwich, to fit out shipping to ravage the coasts of France.
1242, 7 July.—The king directs that the galleys of Bristol and all the galleys of Ireland shall harass the coasts of France.
1243, 12 July.—Men of the Cinque Ports to make reprisals upon John, duke of Brittany.
1259, July.—The king permits Henry of Castile to engage ships at Bordeaux and Bayonne for his expedition into Africa.
Edw. I.1275, 23 Sept.—The king instructs Stephen de Penecastre, constable of Dover, relative to the contentions between the merchants of London and Seland (Zealand).
1280, 17 July.—Writ of protection for the merchants of Seiland trading with England.
1285, 15 May.—Regulations by the king and his council as to the compulsory unloading of ships in the Cinque Ports in time of danger.
1298, 14 Feb.—The king orders shipping (100 vessels) to be provided at Sluys for his return into England from Flanders.
1301, 14 Feb.—The king orders the bailiffs of Yarmouth and forty-one other ports in England and Wales and six in Ireland to supply him with shipping for the expedition against Scotland.
1301, 4 Oct.—Proclamation to be made cautioning masters of ships and other sailors to be on their guard in their voyage towards Gascony and other ports of France.
1302, 7 Nov.—The king informs the warden of the Cinque Ports that instead of fifty-seven ships (which the barons of those ports are bound to furnish) he will be satisfied with twenty-five for the Scottish war.
Edw. II.1307, 26 Sept.—The king to Dionysius, king of Portugal, respecting the restitution of an English ship recovered by the Portuguese from some pirates.
1307, 25 Nov.—The king orders the mayor and sheriffs of London to provide a ship for the conveyance of his tents [into France].
1308, 20 March.—The king orders Robert de Kendale, warden of the Cinque Ports, to take care that the merchants of France have liberty to trade in England.
1309, 12 May.—The king complains to Robert, count of Flanders, that an English ship had been plundered off Portsmouth by Flemish pirates.
1312, 28 July.—The king orders the keepers of the passages of the port of Dover to permit the abbots of seventeen houses of the Cistercian order to cross on their way to Citeaux.
1313, 15 Feb.—The king asks Robert, count of Flanders, to prevent the export of victuals, arms, &c., from Flanders into Scotland.
1313, 22 May.—The king asks the pope to send to him certain Florentine merchants arrested at his suit in the papal court for having defrauded the English revenue.
1314, 1 April.—The king orders the barons of the Cinque Ports to send to him for the Scottish war the service of ships which they are bound to provide.
1314, 26 July.—Robert, count of Flanders, asks the king to permit his subjects to trade with Flanders, and to consent to the establishment of a staple at Bruges.
1315, 13 April.—Robert, count of Flanders, complains to the king of the pillage of a Flemish ship in the port of Orwelle.
1315, 18 Sept.—The king orders the captains of his fleet to do all possible injury to the Flemish shipping.
1316, 18 June.—The king complains to the city of Genoa that the Genoese furnish the Scotch with ships and arms.
1316, 28 July.—Haco, king of Norway, informs the king of England that he will meet any complaint brought against his subjects respecting the arrest of a ship in the port of Selay.
1316, 9 Aug.—Haco, king of Norway, narrates to the king of England the facts of the complaints of the merchants of Berwick.
1318, 28 Jan.—Philip, king of France, complains to the king of England of the illegal detention in London of the goods of some French merchants.
1318, 22 Nov.—General summons of citizens and merchants to a conference to discuss the establishment of a staple in Flanders.
1322, 6 June.—The king orders that the goods and merchandise of the subjects of John, duke of Brabant, shall not be arrested.
1323, 10 April.—Notification of the settlement of all disputes between the captains of five galleys of Venice and the town of Southampton.
1323, 16 April.—The king having pardoned the misconduct of the five Venetian galleys at Southampton, the Venetians may therefore trade with England in safety.
1324, 28 Jan.—The king orders that all ships belonging to the subjects of the count of Zealand be arrested.
1324, 10 May.—The king being about to vindicate his rights in Aquitaine, orders the mayor of Southampton and twelve other ports to provide him with shipping.
1324, 10 May.—The king orders that the said ships shall be ready upon three days’ notice.
1324, 18 Sept.—The king of England assures Sanctius, king of Majorca, that he is ready to do justice in the matter of his ships, which are said to have been plundered by English pirates.
1324, 18 Dec.—The king orders that search may be made at various ports for letters from abroad which may be prejudicial to the crown.
1325, 18 Feb.—The king of England to James, king of Aragon, respecting the seizure of the galleys of the king of Majorca.
1325, 7 May.—The king of England asks Alphonso, king of Portugal, and his mother Isabella, to permit provisions to be conveyed into Gascony.
1325, 10 May.—The town of Bruges appoints proctors to treat with the king respecting commercial intercourse between Flanders and England.
Edw. III.1326, 18 Feb.—The king orders inquiry to be made respecting a whale cast ashore upon the manor of Walton, belonging to the church of St. Paul’s London.
1326, 3 Dec.—Writ for the payment of £10 to certain sailors of Bayonne who had aided Queen Isabella in coming into England from abroad.
1327, 30 April.—The king to the burgomasters of Bruges, offering to make reparation for the capture near Boulogne of a ship of Nieuport by men of Sandwich and Winchelsea.
1331, 5 Feb.—The king orders the sheriffs of Gloucester and Somersetshire to allow William de Clyvedon and two others to export 600 quarters of corn to Ireland, where there is great scarcity.
1331, 14 Oct.—William de Clynton, constable of Dover Castle and warden of the Cinque Ports, is commanded to allow fishermen to be paid for their goods in English money, notwithstanding the act against taking money out of the realm.
1333, 6 Oct.—The king requests Alphonso, king of Aragon, to withdraw the letters of marque granted to Berenger de la Tone.
1335, 16 May.—Power to William de la Pole and others to treat with Louis, count of Flanders, and the commonalties of Bruges, Ghent, and Ypres, about the piracies, &c., committed on both sides.
1335, 26 May.—The king requests John, duke of Brittany, earl of Richmond, to make redress for four anchors taken by his subjects from the ship of John Perbroun, of Great Yarmouth, wrecked on the coast of Garound in Brittany.
1335, 26 Aug.—The mayor and sheriffs of London are commanded to send to the king the ships arrested in the port of London, and to pay 60 marks of the 500 marks granted by them in lieu of men.
1335, 20 Sept.—The king orders William de Clynton, warden of the Cinque Ports, to provide ships for the return home of certain knights in the company of the count of Juliers.
1336, 15 March.—The king orders the mayor and bailiffs of Bristol to take sureties from all masters of ships of the Cinque Ports which come to Bristol, that they will return to their proper ports to be equipped for the defence of the realm.
1336, 3 May.—The exportation of timber or boards fit for ship-building forbidden.
1336, 6 May.—The king orders John de Cobham, John de Segrave, and John de Wyndesore to pay 100 marks to Alexander Hurtyn, of Dover, deputy of William de Clynton, warden of the Cinque Ports, as part payment of £87 10s. which he has spent on the passage of the count of Juliers.
1336, 28 June.—The king, having heard that the crews of the ships arrested in North Wales refuse to serve without being prepaid their wages, orders Richard, earl of Arundel, justiciary of North Wales, to survey the ships and give the crews a reward. Similar letter to the justiciary of South Wales.
1336, 4 July.—The king releases the commonalty of Genoa from the payment of customs, to the amount of 8,000 marks, in recompense for a ship of Yoan Lucian taken by Hugh le Despenser.
1336, 5 Aug.—The king orders John de Norwich, admiral of the fleet, from the Thames northward, who is searching for hostile galleys, consisting of ships of Great Yarmouth, to hold no communication with the men of the Cinque Ports, in consequence of the dissensions between them and the men of Yarmouth. Similar letter to Geoffrey de Say, admiral of the fleet south of the Thames.
1336, 2 Oct.—The king thanks Robert, king of Jerusalem and Sicily, for having stopped the equipment of ships which, under colour of assisting the Holy Land, were intended to be used against England; and desires credence for Nicolin Flisco of Genoa.
1336, 2 Oct.—The king thanks the Genoese for having burnt certain galleys which were being prepared against him; and desires credence for Nicolin Flisco.
1336, 2 Oct.—Power to Nicolin de Flasco [sic], called “Cardinal of Genoa,” to hire galleys for the king’s service.
1337, 28 Jan.—The sheriffs of London are ordered to deliver to Thomas de Sapleford, overseer of the works in the Tower, 5000 (?) of iron, 200 Eastland boards, and 100 qrs. of sea-coal, for making anchors for the Cristoffre and the Cogge Edward, and for other works.
1337, 1 Aug.—The king orders William Fraunk and Reginald de Donyngton to deliver a ship to William de la Pole, of Kingston-on-Hull, and Reginald de Conductu, for the purpose of exporting 30,000 sacks of wool. Similar letter to the mayor and sheriffs of London.
1338, 20 May.—The king has been petitioned by Peter de Puyane, admiral of the fleet at Bayonne, to grant him the rent of £6 on every whale caught at Biarritz, and other rents and dues in Bedured, in the bailiwick of Goes; and desires the seneschal of Gascony and the constable of Bordeaux to report as to their value.
1343, 20 May.—The king orders Richard de Aldeburgh and four others, to make inquisition concerning the carrying of two whales and two sturgeons, worth £3000, from the Manor of Hoveden; the bishop of Durham having wrecks of the sea and the right to the royal fish.
1346, 20 Nov.—Thomas de Drayton and two others are commissioned to provide twenty fishing smacks and ten boats for the siege of Calais. Similar commission for thirty vessels to Thomas Spigurnel and Philip de Whitton.
1348, 1 Oct.—Writs to the sheriffs of London, and the mayors and bailiff of seventeen seaports, to unload merchant ships and send them to join the fleet.
1354, 8 July.—The king informs the captain and council of Genoa, that he has assigned the duty on 1000 sacks of wool for the redress of injuries to Genoa ships.
1355, 27 April.—Richard de Cortenhall and Robert de Baildon are appointed to arrest ships of twenty tons and upwards from the Thames to Lynn, and bring them to Southampton by June 11 for the conveyance of Edward, Prince of Wales, to Gascony.
1360, 24 March.—John Beech, master of the sloop La Cogg Johan, of Sandwich, is ordered to unload his ship and prepare it for war. Similar orders to six other masters.
1362, 22 Feb.—Commission to Hugh de Courtenaye, earl of Devon, and two others, to inquire into the plunder of a ship called Tarrit (Tarida?), and other ships wrecked at Plymouth.
Hen. IV.1406, 6 April.—The king orders the mayor and sheriffs of London, and the mayors and bailiffs of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and nineteen other towns, to arrange for the fulfilment of the covenant made in parliament for committing the custody of the sea to merchants.
1406, 20 Oct.—The king forbids the collectors of subsidies and customs in London, and fourteen other towns to pay the sums assigned to the merchants for the custody of the sea, as they have failed in their engagement.
1410, 18 Nov.—The king orders Henry prince of Wales, constable of Dover Castle, and warden of the Cinque Ports, to make restitution to John Dirdolf and others of Berflet in Flanders, whose ships have been taken by Sir John Prendergest.
1411, 26 June.—Licence to John Ferkyn to send the two small guns which he made for a ship, in the ship of Spain in which the king is sending his great guns to Spain.
1411, 9 Sept.—The king informs the council of North Berve, in Norway, of his forbidding the Hanse merchants leaving England in consequence of the injuries done to English merchants, and of the licence given to nine merchants at St. Botolph to leave England.
Hen. VI.1436, 5 July.—Proclamations to be made by the sheriffs of London, Kent, and three others, forbidding armourers and victuallers increasing their prices in consequence of the assembly of the duke of Gloucester’s troops; and ordering merchants to send goods to Calais.
1438, 29 Jan.—Licence to John, bishop of Skalholt, in Iceland, to take a ship to Iceland and send it back with merchandise for the payment of his creditors.
1438, 18 Feb.—Similar licence to John, bishop of Holar.
1440, 26 Feb.—Licence to John Secheford and John Candeler to export corn and other victuals to Iceland for the use of the bishop of Scalhelte, confessor of the king of Denmark.
1449, 22 Dec.—Licence to John Taverner, of Hull, to export goods to Italy through the straits of Marrot (Marocco), in his new ship or carrack, called the Grace Dieu.
1458, 8 June.—Licence to George Morsleyn, merchant of Cracow, to bring a ruby weighing 214 carats, for sale to England.
1460, 9 May.—Safe-conduct for a ship laden with Caen stone for the repairs of Westminster Abbey.