72. Knight of the Burning Pestle, II. viii. (Dyce, ii. p. 172), and The Pilgrim, IV. ii. (Dyce, viii. p. 66).
73. B. M., Roxburghe, III. 160, also II. 30.
74. References are best given to F. J. Child's monumental collection, in five volumes, where all variants are printed. Cowdenknows and the Bonny May are No. 217; The Knight and the Shepherd's Daughter 110, the Bonny Ilynd 50, Child Waters 63, The Laird of Drum 236, Lizie Lindsay 226, Lizie Baillie 227, Glasgow Peggie 228, and Johnie Faa 200. No doubt further examples might be collected.
75. Similar shepherd-scenes are found not only in French but even in Italian miracle plays. The tendency they indicate, however, is not traceable in later pastoral, as it is with us. That such representations as those of the Sienese 'Rozzi' formed no exception to this general statement I shall have to show later.
76. For the literary history of the Wakefield cycle, see A. W. Pollard's admirable introduction to the edition published by the Early English Text Society.
77. They also criticize the angels' singing in curiously technical language.
78. Towneley Plays, XII. l. 377, &c., and l. 386, &c., cf. Vergil, Bucolics, IV. 6.
79. It is perhaps necessary to define the above use of 'idealization' as that modification of photographie reality observable in all true art. It is only when the methods of art have become self-conscious that realism can become an end in itself.
80. An English Garner: Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse, ed. A. W. Pollard, 1903, p. 87. The carol is from a MS. at Balliol College.
81. The poem will be found in Arber's edition of the 'Miscellany,' p. 138, and in A. H. Bullen's reprint of England's Helicon, p. 56. In dealing with isolated poems I have quoted, wherever possible, from Bullen's reprints of the song books, &c.