1. There is one definite article, la, invariable. There is no indefinite article.
2. Nouns always end in -o. Ex. patro = father.
3. Adjectives always end in -a. Ex. patra = paternal.
4. The plural of nouns, adjectives, participles, and pronouns (except only the personal pronouns) ends in j. Ex. patroj = fathers; bonaj patroj = good fathers.
5. The accusative (objective) case always ends in -n. Ex. Mi amas mian bonan patron = I love my good father. Ni amas niajn bonajn patrojn = we love our good fathers.
6. Adverbs always end in -e. Ex. bone = well; patre = paternally. (There are a few non-derived adverbs without the ending -e, as jam, ankaŭ, tiel, kiel).
7. The personal pronouns are:
| mi = I | ŝi = she | ni = we |
| vi = you | ĝi = it | vi = you |
| li = he | oni = one | ili = they |
Also a reflexive pronoun, si, which always refers to the subject of its own clause.