§ [93]. Paradims. (a) pure a-stems: waúrd, word; haubiþ, hed. (b) wa-stems: triu, tree. (c) ja-stems: kuni, kin.
| Sing. | N. | waúrd | haubiþ | triu | kuni |
| G. | waúrdis | haubidis | triwis | kunjis | |
| D. | waúrda | haubida | triwa | kunja | |
| A. | waúrd | haubiþ | triu | kuni | |
| Plur. | N. | waúrda | haubida | triwa | kunja |
| G. | waúrdê | haubidê | triwê | kunjê | |
| D. | waúrdam | haubidam | triwam | kunjam | |
| A. | waúrda | haubida | triwa | kunja |
§ [94]. Like waúrd ar declined a very great number of neuter nouns; e. g., blôþ, blôþis, blud; gulþ, gold; juk, yoke; jêr, year; haúrn, horn; sauil, sun; silubr, silver; agis, fear; sáir, sorrow; maúrþr, murder; gras, grasis, grass.
Exampls of words, like haubiþ, with a final hard sound for a medial soft spirant: dius, diuzis, animal; hatis, hatred; riqis, darkness ([§ 78], n. 1); liuhaþ, liuhadis, light; witôþ, law.
Note 1. According to [§ 42], the final w of wa-stems becums u after a short vowel. There occur two words of this kind: the paradim triu (weina-triu, vine) and *kniu, kniwis, knee. No change after a long vowel; as, lêw, opportunity; fraiw, seed.
Note 2. According to [§ 91], n. 2, it is doutful whether sum words ar m. or n. The reasons givn there permit us to class words like þaúrp, field; maþl, market, with the neuters; doutful ar the forms dal, dale (cp. ON. dalr), lun, ransom (or lûns, cp. [§ 15], n. 1).
Note 3. The word guþ, which is neuter in form, is uzed as m. when denoting the Christian God. But the n. pl. guda (heathen) gods (cp. [§ 74], n. 4), is stil uzed. The inflection of the sg. is uncertain, because only abbreviated forms ([§ 1], n. 4) occur: gþ, gþs, gþa. As ful forms ar givn: nom. acc. guþ, gen. guþs, dat. guþa, tho we should expect the gen. gudis, dat. guda. If the gen. form guþs is correct, the word guþ would belong to the consonantal stems ([§ 114] et seq.).—In composition guda- and guþa-; s. [§ 88a], n. 1.
Note 4. fadrein, 'paternity', in the sense of 'parents', may be uzed as an indeclinabl pl. with the art.: þai fadrein, þans fadrein. But also the regular neuter pl. fadreina occurs in the sense of 'parents'. The fem. fadreins, lineage, family, is a separate word ([§ 103]).—Cp. J. Schmidt, 'Indog. Neutra', 14.
Note 5. The gen. of hatis, hatred, occurs onse (in cod. B) as hatis (a consonantal form); Eph. II, 3 (hatizê in A). For a different view, s. Wrede, 'Ostg.', 77.—Concerning the neuters in -is, s. v. Bahder, 'Verbalabstracta', 52 et seq.; Kluge, Stammbild., [§§ 84]. [145]; Brgm., II, 419 et seq. Cp. also [§ 78], n. 3.
§ [95]. Like kuni ar declined both short and long ja-stems; e. g., badi, bed; nati, net; faírguni, mountain; gawi, gaujis, province ([§ 42], n. 2); taui, tôjis, deed ([§ 26]); reiki, reikjis, kingdom; arbi, arbjis, inheritance; galigri, consummation of marriage; gawaúrki, business; garûni, counsel; andwaírþi, presence.