[[540]]
France, 1881–1900.[334]
| Crimes. | Number Arraigned for Each Crime. | |||||
| Annual Averages. | 1881–1900 Averages. | |||||
| 1881–1885. | 1886–1890. | 1891–1895. | 1896–1900. | Average Number. | % | |
| Vagrancy | 15,629 | 19,050 | 18,449 | 14,148 | 16,819 | 11.17 |
| Mendicity | 9,421 | 14,625 | 14,707 | 11,274 | 12,506 | 8.30 |
| Aggravated theft | 1,668 | 1,715 | 1,517 | 1,308 | 1,552 | 1.03 |
| Simple theft | 44,596 | 47,941 | 49,145 | 43,750 | 46,358 | 30.78 |
| Counterfeiting | 98 | 141 | 134 | 111 | 121 | 0.08 |
| Procuration | 341 | 361 | 406 | 304 | 353 | 0.23 |
| Forgery | 355 | 304 | 237 | 224 | 280 | 0.19 |
| Obtaining money under false pretenses | 4,210 | 4,422 | 3,898 | 3,496 | 4,006 | 2.66 |
| Breach of trust | 4,106 | 4,495 | 4,488 | 4,834 | 4,480 | 2.98 |
| Commercial frauds | 3,221 | 3,015 | 2,607 | 2,931 | 2,941 | 1.95 |
| Fraudulent bankruptcy | 86 | 63 | 63 | 44 | 64 | 0.04 |
| Simple bankruptcy | 934 | 967 | 802 | 860 | 890 | 0.59 |
| Perjury | 126 | 126 | 151 | 136 | 134 | 0.09 |
| Total of economic crimes | — | — | — | — | — | 60.09 |
| Bigamy | 6 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 0.00 |
| Adultery | 1,038 | 1,758 | 1,838 | 2,212 | 1,711 | 1.14 |
| Rape and indecent assault upon adults | 103 | 76 | 95 | 70 | 86 | 0.06 |
| Rape and indecent assault upon children | 717 | 592 | 584 | 452 | 586 | 0.39 |
| Total of sexual crimes | — | — | — | — | — | 1.59 |
| Defamation and insults | 3,513 | 2,918 | 2,940 | 2,877 | 3,062 | 2.03 |
| Insults to officials | 13,492 | 13,728 | 15,258 | 13,450 | 13,982 | 9.28 |
| Malicious mischief | 3,291 | 4,876 | 4,530 | 4,382 | 4,269 | 2.84 |
| Arson | 207 | 245 | 263 | 213 | 252 | 0.17 |
| Serious assaults | 187 | 155 | 178 | 183 | 175 | 0.12 |
| Intentional assaults | 27,768 | 28,971 | 33,443 | 36,158 | 31,585 | 20.97 |
| Violence to officials | 3,721 | 3,746 | 3,926 | 3,502 | 3,723 | 2.47 |
| Homicide | 518 | 506 | 515 | 461 | 500 | 0.33 |
| Infanticide | 191 | 191 | 157 | 118 | 164 | 0.11 |
| Total of crimes of vengeance, etc. | — | — | — | — | — | 38.32 |
| Political crimes | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0.00 |
| General total | — | — | — | — | 150,607 | 100.00 |
[[541]]
Here, also, the political crimes and the sexual offenses show the smallest figures. The economic crimes exceed considerably those committed out of revenge, etc., a fact to be accounted for in great part by the inclusion of vagrancy and mendicity among the economic crimes. These tables hardly lend themselves to international comparison, since certain acts are regarded as misdemeanors in one country, and as contraventions in another.
Italy, 1891–1895.[335]
| Crimes. | Number Convicted of Each Crime. | ||||||
| 1891. | 1892. | 1893. | 1894. | 1895. | Average 1891–1895. | ||
| Absolute Numbers. | % | ||||||
| Simple theft | 44,380 | 38,750 | 35,343 | 37,022 | 41,875 | 39,474 | 29.07 |
| Aggravated theft | 14,512 | 15,103 | 15,230 | 15,238 | 17,132 | 15,441 | 11.37 |
| Fraud (of every kind) | 6,288 | 6,202 | 6,446 | 6,861 | 7,917 | 6,742 | 4.97 |
| Counterfeiting, etc. | 85 | 59 | 59 | 68 | 90 | 72 | 0.05 |
| Forgery | 788 | 626 | 683 | 726 | 839 | 732 | 0.54 |
| Procuration | 182 | 188 | 185 | 162 | 267 | 196 | 0.15 |
| Robbery, extortion, etc. | 683 | 719 | 824 | 879 | 966 | 814 | 0.60 |
| Total of economic crimes | — | — | — | — | — | — | 46.75 |
| Rape etc. | 724 | 797 | 879 | 902 | 1,066 | 873 | 0.64 |
| Corruption of minors and other offenses against morals and the order of the family | 1,036 | 1,246 | 1,269 | 1,373 | 1,411 | 1,267 | 0.93 |
| Total of sexual crimes | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.57 |
| Defamation and insults | 9,030 | 9,957 | 9,005 | 11,247 | 12,196 | 10,287 | 7.58 |
| Malicious mischief | 5,396 | 4,938 | 4,493 | 5,069 | 5,617 | 5,102 | 3.76 |
| Arson | 213 | 156 | 197 | 210 | 197 | 194 | 0.14 |
| Minor assaults | 24,275 | 27,617 | 23,740 | 27,479 | 28,924 | 26,407 | 19.45 |
| Serious assaults | 6,491 | 8,440 | 9,124 | 8,211 | 9,199 | 8,293 | 6.11 |
| Threats | 4,788 | 5,997 | 5,875 | 6,702 | 8,053 | 6,283 | 4.63 |
| Violence, insults, etc., to officials | 10,293 | 11,829 | 11,999 | 11,835 | 11,800 | 11,551 | 8.51 |
| Homicide | 1,686 | 1,946 | 2,145 | 2,035 | 2,049 | 1,972 | 1.45 |
| Infanticide and abortion | 60 | 59 | 54 | 64 | 81 | 63 | 0.05 |
| Total of crimes of vengeance, etc. | — | — | — | — | — | — | 51.68 |
| Crimes against the safety of the state | 11 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 10 | 0.00 |
| General total | — | — | — | — | — | 135,773 | 100.00 |
[[542]]
The results of the Italian statistics agree in general with those that have gone before.