Lamarck: Packard, Lamarck, the Founder of Evolution, His Life and Work, with Translations of his Writings on Organic Evolution, 1901; Lamarck's Philosophie Zoologique, 1809. Recherches sur l'Organisation des corps vivans, 1802, contains an early, not however the first statement of Lamarck's views. For the first published account of Lamarck's theory see the introduction to his Système des Animaux sans Vertèbres, 1801. Neo-Lamarckism: Packard, loc. cit.; also in the Introduction to the Standard Natural History, 1885; Spencer, The Principles of Biology, 1866—based on the Lamarckian principle. Cope, The Origin of Genera, 1866; Origin of the Fittest, 1887; Primary Factors of Organic Evolution, 1896, the latter a very notable book. Hyatt, Jurassic Ammonites, Proced. Bost. Sci. Nat. Hist., 1874. Osborn, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 16, 1890. Eigenmann, The Eyes of the Blind Vertebrates of North America, Archiv f. Entwicklungsmechanik, vol. 8, 1899.
Darwin's Theory (For biographical references to Darwin see below under Chapter XIX): Wallace, Darwinism, 1889; Romanes, Darwin and After Darwin, vol. I, 1892; Metcalf, An Outline of the Theory of Organic Evolution, 1904, good for illustrations. Color: Poulton, The Colors of Animals; Chapters in Weismann's The Evolution Theory, 1904. Mimicry: Weismann, loc. cit. Sexual Selection: Darwin, The Descent of Man, new ed., 1892. Inadequacy of Nat. Selection: Spencer, The Inadequacy of Natural Selection, 1893; Morgan, Evolution and Adaptation, 1903. Kellogg, Darwinism To-day, 1907, contains a good account of criticisms against Darwinism.
CHAPTER XVIII
Weismann's The Evolution Theory, translated by J.A. and Margaret Thomson, 2 vols., 1904, contains the best statement of Weismann's views. It is remarkably clear in its exposition of a complicated theory. The Germ-Plasm, 1893; Romanes's An Examination of Weismannism, 1893. Inheritance of Acquired Characters: Weismann's discussion, loc. cit., vol. II, very good. Romanes's Darwin and After Darwin, vol. II. Personality of Weismann: Sketch and brief autobiography, in The Lamp, vol. 26, 1903, portrait; Solomonsen, Bericht über die Feier des 70 Geburtstages von August Weismann, 1905, 2 portraits.
Mutation-Theory of De Vries: Die Mutations-Theorie, 1901; Species and Varieties, their Origin by Mutation, 1905; Morgan, Evolution and Adaptation, 1903, gives a good statement of the Mutation Theory, which is favored by the author; Whitman, The Problem of the Origin of Species, Congress of Arts and Science, Universal Exposition, St. Louis, 1904; Davenport, Evolution without Mutation, Journ. Exp. Zool., April, 1905.
CHAPTER XIX
For early phases of Evolutionary thought consult Osborn, From the Greeks to Darwin, 1894, and Clodd, Pioneers of Evolution, 1897. Suarez and the Doctrine of Special Creation: Huxley, in Mr. Darwin's Critics, Cont. Rev., p. 187, reprinted in Critiques and Addresses, 1873. Buffon: In Packard's Life of Lamarck, chapter 13. E. Darwin: Krause's Life of E. Darwin translated into English, 1879; Packard, loc. cit. Goethe: Die Idee der Pflanzenmetamorphose bei Wolff und bei Goethe, Kirchoff, 1867; Goethe's Die Metamorphose der Pflanzen, 1790. Oken: His Elements of Physiophilosophy, Ray Soc., 1847. Cuvier and St. Hilaire: Perrier, La Philosophie Zoologique avant Darwin, 1884; Osborn, loc. cit. Darwin and Wallace: The original communications of Darwin and Wallace, with a letter of transmissal signed by Hooker and Lyell, published in the Trans. Linnæan Soc. for 1858, were reprinted in the Pop. Sci. Mo., vol. 60, 1901. Darwin: Personality and biography (For references to his theory see under Chapter XVII); Life and letters by his son, 3 vols., 1887, new ed., 1896; More Letters of Charles Darwin, 2 vols., 1903; Chapter in Marshall's Lectures on the Darwinian Theory; Darwin, Naturalist's Voyage around the World, 1880; Gould, Biographical Clinics, for Darwin's illness due to eye-strain; Poulton, Chas. Darwin and the Theory of Natural Selection, 1896. Wallace: My Life, 2 vols., 1905; The Critic, Oct., 1905. Huxley: Life and Letters by his son, 1901; Numerous sketches at the time of his death, 1895, in Nature, Nineteenth Century, Pop. Sci. Mo., etc., etc. Haeckel: His Life and Work by Bölsche, 1906.
CHAPTER XX
It is deemed best to omit the references to Technical papers upon which the summaries of recent tendencies are based. Morgan's Experimental Zoology, 1907. Jennings, Behavior of the Lower Organisms, 1906. Mosquitoes and other insects in connection with the transmission of disease, see Folsom, Entomology, 1906, chapter IX, p. 299. Biological Laboratories: Dean, The Marine Biological Stations of Europe, Ann. Rept. Smithson. Inst., 1894; Marine Biolog. Station at Naples, Harper's Mag., 1901; The Century, vol. 10 (Emily Nunn Whitman); Williams, A History of Science, vol. V, chapter V, 1904; Am. Nat., vol. 31, 1897; Pop. Sci. Mo., vol. 54, 1899; ibid., vol. 59, 1901. Woods Hole Station—A Marine University, Ann. Rept. Smithson. Inst., 1902.