Negritos of Zambales

by William Allan Reed

When the Aeta element enters the differences become more apparent, although the relationship between the differing words may often be seen; for instance, “sabot,” hair, becomes “habot;” “along,” nose, becomes “balongo.” But the number of words which bear no relationship is greater than in the case of the first two dialects. It is possible that here we find traces of an original Negrito language, but I believe that all these words can be traced to Malay roots. It will be noticed also that the two following vocabularies taken from Negritos at Santa Fé and Subig do not differ materially from the Zambal-Aeta—in fact, they may be regarded as identical.

The writer can not vouch for the vocabularies from Bataan and Bulacan, but gives them for the sake of comparison. The words collected by Montano are mostly Tagalog and differ somewhat from Cooke’s. The latter states that he verified his seven times. The two sets are probably from different parts of the province. The Dumagat vocabulary from Bulacan Province, while offering greater differences, is plainly of Malay origin like all the others.

English	Zambal of Bolinao	Zambal of Iba	Zambal—Aeta	Aeta of Santa Fé	Aeta of Subig	Aeta, Bataan Province	Dumagat, Bulacan Province
Man	la-la′-ki	la-la′-ki	la-la′-ki	la-la′-ki	ya′-ki	la-la-ke′*	ta′-nun-gu′-bat
Woman	ba-bay′-e	ba-bay′-e	ba-bay′-e	ba-bay′-e	ba-bay′-e	ba-bay′-e*	mow′-na
Father	a′-ma	a′-ma	a′-ma	ba′-pa	ba′-pa	ba′-pa, ama*
Mother	i′-na	i′-na	na′-na	in′-do	in′-do	in′do, inang*
Brother	bu′-sat	ta-la-sa′-ka	pa′-tel	ka-pa-tel		ka′-ka, kapatid*
Sister	bu′-sat	ta-la-sa′-ka	pa′-tel	ka-pa-tel		o-pa-tel′, kapatid*
Uncle	ba′-pa	ba′-pa	ba′-pa	da′-ra		ale′*
Aunt	da′-da	da′-ra	in′-do	da′-ra		mama*
Son	a′-nak	a′-nak	a′-nak	a′-nak	a′-nak	a′-nak*	anak
Daughter	a′-nak	a′-nak	a′-nak	a′-nak	a′-nak	a′-nak*	anak na mowna
Head	o′-ro	o′-lo	o′-lo	o′-lo	la′-bo	o′-o, ulo*	pun′-tuk
Hair	sa-bot′	sa-bot′	ha-bot′	ha-bot′	ha-bot′	la-buk′, bohoc*
Mouth	bo-bo′-y	bo-bo′-y	bo-bo′-y	bo-bo′-y	bo-bo′-y	ba-lu′-go, bebec*	un′-suk
Eye	ma′-ta	ma′-ta	ma′-ta	ma′-ta	ma′-ta	ma′-ta*
Nose	a′-rong	a′-long	ba-loñg′-o	ba-long′-o	ba-long′-o	ba-tong′, ilong*	an-gut
Teeth	ni′-pen	ni′-pen	ni′-pin	n-i′-pen	ni′-pen	nil-pul	ni′-pon
Tongue	di′-ra	di′-la	di′-la	di′-la	di′-la	gi′-lo
Ear	to-tor′-yan	to-tol′-yan	tu′-li	tu′-li	to′-ok	tu′-uk, taenga*	ta-ling′-a
Arm	ta-ki-ay′	ta-ki-ay′	ta-ki-ay′	ta-ki-ay′	ta-ki-ay′	tu-ki-ay′, camay*	co-mot′
Leg	pa′-a	pa′-a	pa′-a	pa′-a	pa′-a	pam′-pa, paa′	pa′-a
Chest	ke-rep′	ke-lep′	nib′-nib	nib′-nib	dub′-dub	dub′-dub, debdeb*	dib′-dib
Back	gu-rot′	bo-kot′	bo-kot′	bo-kot′		li′-kul
Foot	ay′-e	ay′-e	bi′-ti	bi′-ti	ta-lim-pa-pa′-kan	ta-lan-pa′-kin
Hand	ga′-met	ga′-met	ga′-met	ga′-met	ga′-met	a′-ma-kam′-a-ha
Finger	ga-ra-may′-e	ga-la-may′-e	ga-la-may′-e	ga-la-may′-e	da-le′-di	da-li-ri, dalin*
Earth	lu′-ta	lu′-ta	lu′-ta	lu-ta	lu′-ta	lul-ta	pu′-tok
Sky	rañg′-it	lañg-it	lañg′-it	lang′-it	lang′-it		lang′-ot
Sun	au′-ro	au′-lo	al′-lo	al′-lo	al′-lo	u′-lo	a-da′-o
Moon	bu′-ran	bu′-lan	bu′-an	bu′-an	bu′-yan		ina-tal′-lung
Star	bi-tu′-un	bi-tu′-un	bi-tu′-in	bi′-tu-in	bi′-tu-in	ba′-tu-in	bu′-ta-tul′-ya
Cloud	re′-rem	a-la-pa′-ap	da′-yim	lo′-om	ta′-la	u′-wip
Rain	ra′-peg	a-ba-gat′	u′-ran	u′-ran	a-ba′-gat	ulan*
Thunder	ko′-dor		cu′-rol	ku′-rol	ki′-lot	da-ug-dug′
Lightning	ki′-mat		ki′-mat	ki′-mat	ki′-mat	ma-la′-wut
Water	ra′-nom	la′-nom	la′-nom	la′-nom	la′-num	la′-num, tubig*	o′-rat
Fire	a-po′-y	a-po′-y	a-po′-y	a′-po-y	a′-po-y	a′-po-y*	a′-po-y
White	ma-pu′-ti	ma-pu′-ti	ma-pu′-ti	ma-pu′-ti	ma-pu′-ti	maputi*	ma-lup′-say
Black	mañg-i′-sit	mañg-í′-tit	mañg-i′-tit	mang-i′-tit	ma′-o-lin	maltim*	mal-a-ton′
Red	ma-o-dit′	ma-ti-bi′-a	ma-o-rit′	ma-o-rit′		mapula*	mat-la
Yellow	ma-sil-ya′-o	ma-hol-ya′-o	ma-hol-ya′-o	ma-hol-ya′-o			sa-la-kut′
Cooked rice	ka′-nen	ka′-nen	ka′-nin	ka′-un	ka′-nen
Uncooked rice	bu′-yas	bu′-yas	bu′-ya	bu′-ya	bu′-ya	bigas*	a′-moy
Day	au′-ro	au′-lo	al′-lo	al′-lo	al′-lo	u′-lo	adio
Night	ya′-bi	ya′-bi	ya′-bi	ya′-bi	ya′-bi		du′-mong
Cold	ma-ra-yep′	ma-la-yep′	ma-la-yip′	mal-a-yep′	mal-a-yep′	ma-lam′-ig, maginao*	mag′-id-non
Hot	ma-mot′	ma-mot′	ma-mot′	ma-o-mot′	ma-o-mot′		may-a-nit′
Large	a-la-ki′	ma-hi-ban′	mal-hay′	mal-hay′	mal-hay′		hun′-ga
Small	da-i-te′	ma-ca-lug′	may-a′-mo	may-a-mo′	may-a-mo′		ma-sa-ninp′
Good	ma-ong′	la′-bas	ma′-ham-pat′	ma-ham′-pat	ma-ham′-pat		ma-sam′-pat
Bad	ma-ra-yet′	ma-la-yet′	ma-la-yit′	ma-la-yit′	ma-la-yit′		ma-lot′
Rich	may-a-man′	may-a-man′	may-a-man′	may-a-man′	may-a-man′		may-a-man′
Poor	ma-i-dap′	ma-i-rap′	ma-i-rap′	ma-i-rap′	ma′-i-rap′
Sick	ma-sa-kit′	ma-sa-kit′	ma-ha-kit′	ma-ha-kit′	ma-in-ha′-kit		teoram
Dead	na′-ti	na′-ti	na′-ti	na′-ti	na′-ti		nalebon
Here	i′-ti	i′-ti	a-ka-lung′-un	bi-er′-i	a-ri′-di		dian
There	i′-sen	i′-sen	ba′-hen	bay′-hen	a-ri′-do		dedeyaya
No	ka′-i	ka′-i	a′-he	a′-he	a′-he	ayaw*	ayenok
Yes	ó	ya	a′-o	a′-o	a-o	o-o′*	abu-kogid
To sleep	ma′-rek	ma′-lek	ma-to-lo′-i	ma-to-lo′-i	ma-to-lo′-i	matulog*	napediak
To jump	ru-mok′-zo	lu-mok′-zo	mi-tok-tok-pa′-o	mag-tok-pa′-o	lu-mo′-ko	lemokso	lumowat
To run	mo-ray′-o	mo-lay′-o	may′-o	may′-o	may′-o	takumbao*	gumekan
To fight	mi-a-wa′-y, raban	la′-ban	mi-a-wa′-y	mi-awa′-y	ina-ki′-a-wa′-y		sullo-sum-to-yan
To eat	mañg′-an	mañg′-an	mañg′-an	mañg′-an	mañg-an	caïn*	mumungan
To drink	mi′-nom	mi′-nom	mi′-nom	mi′-nom	mi′-nom	minum*	neniomok
Tree	ka′-yo	kay′-yo	kay′-yo	kay′-yo	kay′-yo	ka-hoy* kayo
Mountain	ba′-ker	ba′-kil	ba′-kil	ba′-kil	ba′-kil	bu′-kil
River	i′-log	i′-lug	ka-bu-la-san′	ba′-la		sa′-num
Stone	ba′-to	ba′-to	ba′-to	ba′-to	ba′-to	ba-to*
Grass	di′-kot	di′-kot	di′-kot	di′-kot	di′-kot
Dog	a′-so	a′-so	a′-ho	a′-ho
Rooster	ma-nuk′	ma-nook′	ma-nook′	ma-nok′	ma-nook′
Hen	o′-pa	tu′-a	tu′-a
One	sa′-ya	a′-sa	mi′-ha	mi′-ha	mi′-ha	isa	isin
Two	ru′-a	lu′-a	lu′-a	lu′-a	lu′-a	delawa*	adua
Three	ta′-ro	to′-lo	tat′-lo	tat′-lo	tat′-lo	tatlo*	telewan
Four	a′-pat	a′-pat	a′-pat	a′-pat	a′-pat	apat*
Five	ri′-ma	li′-ma	li′-ma	li′-ma	li′-ma	lima*
Six	a′-nem	a′-nem	a′-nam	a′-nem	a′-nem	anem*
Seven	pi′-to	pi′-to	pi′-to	pi′-to	pi′-to	pito*
Eight	ca′-ro	ca′-lo	ca′-lo	oa′-lo	oa′-lo	oalo*
Nine	si′-am	si′-am	si′-am	si′-am	si-am	siam*
Ten	ma-pu′-ro	ma-po′-lo	ma′-po	ma,-po	ham′-po	sampo*	isin-a-mapolo
Eleven	la′-bin-sa′-ya	la′-bin-a′-sa	la′-bin-mi′-ha	la′-bin-mi-ha	la′-bin-mi′-ha		isin-a-mopolo-a-isin
Twelve	la′-bin-ru′-a	la′-bin-lu′-a	la′-bin-lu′-a	la′-bin-lu′-a	la-bin-lu′-a		isin-o-mopolo-adua
Thirteen	la′-bin-ta′-ro	la′-bin-to′-lo	la′-bin-tat′-lo	la′-bin-tat′-lo	la-bin-tat′-lo
Fourteen	la′-bin-a′-pat	la′-bin-a′-pat	lal-bin-a′-pat	la′-bin-a′-pat	la-bin-a′-pat
Twenty	ru′-an-pu′-ro	lu′-am-po′-lo	lu-am′-po	lu-am′-po	lu-am′-pa		aduamapolo
Twenty-one	rul-an-pu′-ro-sa′-ya	lu′-am-po′-lo-a′-sa	lu-am-po-mi′-ha	lu-am′-po-mi′-ha	lu-am′-po-mi′-ba
Thirty	ta-ron-pu′-ro	to′-lom-po′-lo	tat-lom-po′	tat-lom′-po	tat-lom′-po
Forty	a′-pat-a-pu′-ro	a′-pat-a-po′-lo	a′-pat-a-po′	a′-pat-a-po′	a′-pat-a-po′
One hundred	san-ya′-sot	say-a-tos′	mi′-hun-ga′-to	mi-hun-ga′-to	ma-ga′-to	sandaan*	isinadian
I	si′-ko	si′-ko	hi′-ko	hi′-co		a′-co*
You	si′-ka	kay′-o	kay′-o	hi′-ca		icao
He	si-tao′	hi′-a
We	si-ka′-mi	hi-ta′-mo	hi-ta′-mo
They	sa′-ra	hi′-la	hi′-la
Our	i′-ko-mi	i-kun′-ta-mo	i-kun-ta′-mo
My	i-kon′-ko	i-kon′-ko	i-kon′-ko
Near	a′-dam	ma-ra′-mi	ma-ra′-mi
Far	a-day′-o	ma-day′-yo	ma-ro′-yo

The words marked (*) were taken from Montano’s vocabulary in his Mission aux Philippines. The others were collected by C. J. Cooke, MS. of The Ethnological Survey, and E. J. Simons, MS. of The Ethnological Survey.

Plates

Outline map of Zambales, showing distribution of Negritos.

Negrito women of Bataan on a rock in a stream.

Photo by Worcester.