Time-giving.
If a man, A, takes time against another, B, as to see B, we should more truly say of B that he gives, not takes, the time which A takes.
The time-words for unoutreaching time-takings may be called Unoutreaching; of the outreaching ones, Outreaching; of the time-givings, Time-giving.
In some cases there is between the time-taking thing and the time-giving thing a middle one—the thing, tool, or matter with which the time is taken, as ‘John hit William with a stone’ or ‘a cane.’ But then, again, this wording is shortened by the putting of the name of the mid-thing as a time-word, as ‘John stoned or caned William.’ And this brings in a call for the marking of two sundry kinds of time-words—the strong or moulded, and weak or unmoulded time-words.
A time-word, when it tells a taking of time by one thing against another, is in the outreaching (active) voice—‘John strikes the iron.’ When it tells of the giving of time, it is in the time-giving (passive) voice. When it tells of an unoutreaching time-taking it is in the middle voice.
For the causing of another thing to take time some tongues have set shapes of the time-word, as, in Hindustani, durna, to run; durāna, to make another run.
We have hardly any of such words, though such are—
- Lie, lay.
- Sit, set.
- Rise, raise.
Time-takings for becoming or making another thing become otherwise are marked by the ending -en on the mark-word, as