[12] References on this subject will be found in Brit. Mus. Cat. Birds, XVII, p. 13.
[13] For these facts I am indebted to Mr. W. L. W. Field, who has lately published an account of his observations and experiments. See especially, Psyche, 1910, XVII, No. 3, where full references to previous publications are given.
[14] For the facts and further references see W. H. Edwards, Butterflies of N. America, 2d series, Papilio VII and X; 3d series, 1897, Papilio IV, Can. Entom., 1895, XXVII, p. 239.
[15] I think this case is fairly included because the machaon type is so widespread that it cannot be regarded as a product of a Northern climate, nor can asterias be claimed as especially a warm country form, seeing that brevicauda, which is scarcely distinguishable from asterias, inhabits Newfoundland (having a curious phase there in which the yellow is largely replaced by red).
FOOTNOTES: CHAPTER VIII.
[1] Often referred to by older writers as Meone, Esper's name.
[2] There are also two distinct island forms, unlike the European, Xiphia of Madeira, and a smaller variety, Xiphioides of Canary. See especially, Baker, G. T., Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1891, p. 292.
[3] Speyer, Adolf, and August. Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge, 1858, I, p. 217.
[4] Lepid. Comparée, fsc. III, p. 372.