[5] Mr. Rowland-Brown has called my attention to a statement by Dr. Vaillantin (Petites Nouv. Ent., II, 235) that in Indre-et-Cher the first brood is of the northern type and the second of the southern. My experience is that in captivity these distinctions do not occur, and I have true egeria as first brood from Vienne and as the late brood from the Landes. I never collected in Indre-et-Cher.
[6] I have since seen true egeria from Ferrol in the extreme northwest, which was in Mr. Tutt's collection.
[7] Mr. G. Wheeler kindly showed me a series identical with this type, from Guernsey, and others from near Laon.
[8] Ent. Rec., V, 1894, p. 134.
[9] Mr. Wheeler has some pale but rather worn specimens from the Rhone Valley at Vernayaz.
[10] See Fleck, E., Die Macrolep. Rumäniens, Bul. Soc. Sciinte, VIII, 1899, p. 720.
[11] My experience agrees with that of Mr. H. Williams (Ent. Rec., VIII, 1896, p. 181) that pupae, well-formed, can stand considerable frost; but I used to find that half-grown larvae usually died if unprotected, and I believe that larvae which attempted to pupate in warm autumn weather and then got caught by frosts, always died. Small larvae which can creep into shelter at the bottom of the plants survived, and I expect that in the north the winter is usually passed in that state (see also Merrifield, F., Ent. Rec., VIII, 1896, p. 168, and Carpenter, J. H., ibid.).
[12] Some most unlikely species do this. I once had a larva of Parnassius delius, found at about 5,500 feet, which emerged late in the autumn (in October I believe), a season at which it must have perished in its own country.
[13] See, for examples, Barrett, G. C., Lepidoptera of the Brit. Islands, I, 1893, p. 229; also Grover, W., Ent. Rec., IX, 1897, p. 314; Williams, H., Proc. Ent. Soc., 1898, who reared several specimens from the New Forest which would pass for Bretons, though the rest of the family were true egerides.
[14] Above the Tosa falls.