ISOPERIMETRICAL Figures.—(Figures Isoperimetriques, Fr.) A term derived from the Greek to express all figures that have equal circumferences or perimeters.
ISSUE, event; consequence; the ultimate result of any undertaking; the termination of any contest.
General Issue. In matters of litigation is the question to be decided upon, or issue, the parties state certain facts, one asserts the fact, the other denies, and upon this they join issue, the determination of that fact is the issue.
ISTHMUS, (Isthme, Fr.) A neck of land which joins the Peninsula to the Continent, and which separates two seas, as Darien; Corinth.
ITINERAIRES, Fr. Itinerary movements or days of march. A technical phrase among the French to denote the order and disposition which a body of men, or an army, is directed to observe in its march from one camp to another, or to any particular quarter of destination.
ITMAMDAR. Ind. A superintendant or lieutenant-governor in India.
JUDGES are authorized to take judicial notice of the articles of war.
JUDGE MARTIAL, or Advocate General, the supreme judge in martial law as to the jurisdiction and powers of military courts, in the British system. It is incumbent upon this person, as well as upon his deputies to be well acquainted with the laws of the land, that they may admonish the court or president when their proceedings are tending to infringe the civil law. He is register of courts-martial, and should take down the evidence in the very words of the witness. He is neither a judge nor a juror as to the charge.
JUGE, Fr. A sort of judge or provost marshal. This term was particularly applicable to the interior government of the Swiss guards that were in the service of France. Each regiment of that description had one judge or provost marshal per company, and one superior to the rest who presided over the regiment. The inferior judge was called richter, and the grand or superior judge obster richter. The inferior judges had the examination of petty crimes and offences which they reported to the captain of the company. If the crimes were of a serious or heinous nature, the inferior judges drew up a specific statement of them, and laid the whole before the obster richter, who communicated the circumstance to the colonel. Grounds for a general court-martial were generally established out of the latter report.
JUGG, Ind. An Indian sacrifice.