Страница - 71Страница - 73- Abolitionists, societies started [163];
- theories and aims, [164];
- petitions in House, [165];
- preparing for Republican party, [166];
- more in politics, [170];
- and Wilmot Proviso, [170];
- in 1850, [176].
- Adams, Charles Francis, fears English intervention, [314], [315], [316].
- Adams, John, [19].
- Adams, John Quincy, coalition with Clay, [1], [2], [3], [4];
- support in 1828, [14], [15], [17];
- popular and electoral votes, [18];
- unpopular in Southwest, [21];
- and Georgia, [21], [39], [55], [56];
- in House, [66];
- for Bank, [68], [70], [72], [74], [84];
- attacking Van Buren, [96]-[105], [107], [108], [109];
- and petitions on slavery, [119], [126];
- for secession, [127], [164], [165];
- denounces Mexican War, [157];
- anti-slavery leader, [164];
- address on taxes, [167], [242], [252].
- Agassiz, Alexander, [225].
- Agassiz, Louis, naturalist, [225].
- Agriculture, methods of, [211].
- Alabama, and Indians, [8];
- immigration to, [13];
- population (1830, 1840), [13], [90];
- for Jackson, [72];
- being filled up, [89], [90];
- for Van Buren, [111];
- “Slavery a blessing,” [119];
- and Wilmot Proviso, [171], [264];
- secession of, [271].
- Albany Journal, friendly to Confederacy, [272].
- Alcott, Amos Bronson, [225].
- Alien and Sedition Laws, [161].
- Allen, William, friendly to Calhoun, [120];
- Allston, sculptor, [54].
- Amendments, on presidential term, appointment of members of Congress, limiting Supreme Court, [16].
- American Fur Company, [35].
- American National Academy of Science, [225].
- American party. See Know-Nothing party.
- American Revolution, [47], [84];
- American System, Clay's, [67], [74], [109];
- Anderson, Major Robert, commanding at Fort Sumter, [273].
- Andrew, Governor, of Massachusetts, supports Lincoln, [322].
- Antietam, battle of, [302].
- Appomattox, Lee surrenders at, [327].
- Arkansas, in cotton belt, [12];
- Art, American, in 1860, [225].
- Ashburton, Lord, Minister to United States, [123];
- Astor, John Jacob, fur trade, [35].
- Atchison, David, expansionist, [150];
- pro-slavery leader, [238].
- Atlantic Monthly, founded, [227].
- Austin, Stephen, in Texas, [120].
- Bache, Alexander Dallas, scientist, [224].
- Baldwin, Joseph G., [227].
- Baltimore, Maryland, for Adams, [15], [41], [46], [48];
- newspapers for Bank, [79];
- Democratic Convention of 1844, [128];
- wheat market, [133];
- sub-treasury at, [151];
- Democratic Convention of 1848, [172], [187].
- Baltimore and Ohio Canal, [46].
- Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, [192].
- Bancroft, George, in Polk's Cabinet, [149].
- Bank, Second National, [45];
- and Jackson, [60], [65], [66], [67];
- and Clay, [67];
- bill for re-charter, [67];
- Biddle, president, [67];
- sentiment for re-charter, [68];
- Jackson's veto, [69];
- in campaign of 1832, [70];
- and Jackson, [77];
- creditor of members of Congress, [78];
- newspaper support of, [79];
- government deposits withheld, [79];
- fighting Jackson and the people, [80];
- defeated, [82];
- decline in power, [83];
- and French claims, [85];
- out of politics, [91];
- under Pennsylvania charter, [98];
- European stockholders, [99], [103], [107].
- Banks, in United States, capital, [45];
- men in control, [47];
- banking area, [47];
- state banks and Jackson, [78], [79];
- expansion of credit, [98];
- increase of members, [98];
- panic of 1837, [102];
- suspend specie payment, [102];
- New York laws, [105];
- state, [151];
- of New York, [189];
- of Confederacy, [286].
- Banks, N. P., [253], [299].
- Baptists, in West, [33];
- Barbecues, [209], [212].
- Barbour, James, [17].
- Baring Brothers of London, and American stocks, [99].
- Barry, W. T., Postmaster-General, [58].
- Bates, Edward, presidential timber, [257], [262], [263].
- Beauregard, General P. G. T., and Fort Sumter, [274], [276], [281];
- in battle of Bull Run, [285];
- in battle of Shiloh, [294].
- Beecher, Henry Ward, [219].
- Bell, John, for President, [261].
- Belmont, August, [258].
- Benton, Thomas H., against Adams, [16];
- for preëmption law, [16], [60], [65];
- against Florida Treaty, [16];
- imperialist, [25];
- for free homesteads, [27], [30], [32];
- Foot Resolution, [60];
- land program defeated, [65], [75], [82], [90], [102], [105], [108], [109];
- supporting Tyler, [115], [126];
- Oregon, [127], [129];
- Texas and Oregon, [132], [147], [149], [150];
- for commander-in-chief in Mexico, [155];
- and California, [175];
- and crisis of 1850, [175], [242].
- Berrien, John M., Attorney-General, [58].
- Biddle, Nicholas, president of Second National Bank, [67], [70];
- and Jackson, [77];
- policy for Bank, [78];
- control of politicians and newspapers, [78];
- fighting Jackson and people, [79];
- defeated, [82];
- policy changed, [83], [112].
- Birney, James G., anti-slavery worker, [119], [161].
- Black Hawk, [87].
- Black Warrior, trouble with Spain, [234].
- Blair, Frank P., [58].
- Blair, Montgomery, [324].
- Bonds, United States, [291], [293];
- Confederate in Europe, [293].
- Border States, Republican party, [302].
- Boston, financial center, [45], [46], [48];
- shipping and Hayne, [48];
- Transcendental Club, [52];
- philosophy and religious reform, [52], [84], [129];
- alliance with South, [162], [193], [202], [205];
- clergy and slavery, [222].
- Bragg, General Braxton, in battle of Shiloh, [294];
- Branch, John, Secretary of the Navy, [58].
- Breckinridge, John C., for Vice-President, [245];
- Breese, Sidney, friend of Calhoun, [120].
- Brinkerhoff, Jacob, and Wilmot Proviso, [169].
- Brooks, Preston, assault on Sumner, [245].
- Brown, John, in Kansas, [249];
- raid into Virginia, [258];
- capture and execution, [259].
- Brown, Governor, Joseph E., of Georgia, distrusted by Confederates, [309];
- Bryant, William Cullen, and New York Evening Post, [53];
- Buchanan, James, Secretary of State, [148];
- and Oregon, [149];
- for all Mexico, [157];
- Minister to England, [234];
- Ostend Manifesto, [235];
- Democratic nominee for President, [245];
- elected, [246];
- slights Douglas, [247];
- Mexico and Cuba, [247];
- Kansas question, [249];
- Lecompton Constitution, [253];
- Douglas opposes, [253];
- opposes Douglas, [256], [265], [268];
- and secession, [270].
- Buell, Don C., at Louisville, [284];
- in battle of Shiloh, [294];
- across Tennessee, [294];
- opening the Mississippi, [294].
- Buena Vista, battle of, [155].
- Bull Run, first battle of, [285];
- Burnside, Ambrose E., given command of the Army of the Potomac, [303];
- loses at Fredericksburg, [303];
- resignation, [303].
- Business, prosperous in North during Civil War, [292].
- Butler, General B. F., [318], [326].
- Butler, Pierce, abused by Sumner, [245].
- Calhoun, John C., [4], [5];
- Nationalist, [5];
- Pennsylvania and, [5];
- against tariff, [6], [66], [68];
- alliance with Jackson, [6];
- strong in Virginia, [11], [16];
- and Jackson's first Cabinet, [21];
- true to West, [30];
- powerless against Jackson, [37], [39], [52], [54], [58], [60], [61], [62];
- break with Jackson, [63], [64], [67];
- and Van Buren, [64], [68];
- defied by Clay, [67];
- and Bank, [68], [82];
- Nullification, [71], [72], [75];
- isolated in 1832, [73];
- and compromise of 1833, [74];
- and Force Bill, [74];
- defeated and isolated, [82], [84], [91];
- hostile to Jackson, [92];
- supporting Van Buren, [94], [108], [112];
- for Independent Treasury, [104];
- for Texas, [105], [107], [121], [126], [147];
- supporting Tyler, [115], [116];
- retirement, [117];
- and Clay reconciled, [117];
- candidacy for President, [117];
- on slavery, [119];
- character, [119];
- Secretary of State, [127];
- and Walker, [129];
- for Polk, [130];
- Texas Treaty, [130];
- Presidency promised to, [131], [132];
- Unitarian, [143];
- and sectionalism, [145];
- and Polk, [148];
- and Oregon, [149], [150], [152];
- and all Mexico, [158];
- and abolition agitation, [165];
- and compromise of 1850, [176], [178];
- demands for slavery, [178];
- death, [180], [242], [243];
- doctrine of, and Dred Scott case, [248], [263].
- California, Tyler for, [125], [131], [132], [152], [154];
- Cameron, Simon, [257], [262], [263].
- Campbell, Judge, of Alabama, Confederate Commissioner, [324].
- Campbellites, Calvinistic, [218], [222].
- Canada, revolt and American aid, [105], [120], [122], [153].
- Canals, constructed in West, [90];
- Carey and Lea, Philadelphia, publishing activities, [53].
- Caroline, the, affair of, with England, [105], [120], [123].
- Cartwright, Peter, salary, [31].
- Cass, Lewis, [15], [25];
- Catholics, [216];
- Cerro Gordo, battle of, [155].
- Chancellorsville, battle of, [305].
- Chandler, Zachary, [241];
- Channing, William Ellery, [52].
- Charleston, S.C., [53], [54];
- and abolition mail, [165];
- spring resort, [214];
- blockade-running from, [313].
- Chase, Salmon P., for Wilmot Proviso, [171], [184], [202];
- against Kansas-Nebraska Bill, [240], [241], [242];
- and Kansas, [245];
- and Ohio, [251], [257], [262], [265];
- uncompromising, [273];
- Secretary of Treasury, [291];
- difficulties, [292];
- for immediate emancipation, [301], [315];
- working against Lincoln, [316];
- supports Lincoln, [322].
- Cherokees. See Indians.
- Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, [46].
- Chestnut, Mrs. James, [215], [281].
- Chicago, [187], [192], [193], [202];
- Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, [192].
- Chickasaws. See Indians.
- Children, in factories, [210].
- China, Tyler and, [126].
- Choate, Rufus, became Democrat, [246].
- Choctaws. See Indians.
- Christian Church. See Campbellites.
- Churches, support, [50];
- Churubusco, battle of, [156].
- Cincinnati, pork-packing and manufacturing, [35], [202], [210].
- Cities, wretched industrial life, [210].
- Civil service, Van Buren and spoils system, [96].
- Clay, Henry, coalition with Adams, [2];
- Secretary of State, [3], [14], [15], [16], [17], [21];
- barely reëlected to the Senate in 1831, [22];
- fast life, [22];
- duelist, [32], [33];
- Mechanic's Library, [35];
- powerless against Jackson, [37], [55], [56], [62], [63], [64], [76];
- defies South, [66];
- and Bank, [67], [70], [79];
- for Presidency, [67], [69];
- and Jackson's Bank Veto, [70];
- and Kentucky, [70], [71];
- and Compromise of 1833, [73], [74], [75];
- alliance with Calhoun, [74];
- debtor of Bank, [79], [80];
- fight to restore deposits, [81], [82], [84], [91];
- for distribution of surplus, [92], [93];
- attacking Van Buren, [96], [107];
- and Texas, [105], [127];
- Eastern tour, [108], [109];
- not nominated, [101], [112];
- program, [114];
- and Tyler, [115];
- retirement in 1841, [117];
- reconciled to Calhoun, [117];
- candidacy for Presidency, [117];
- Raleigh letter, [128];
- and Polk, [130], [145], [147], [152];
- on Mexican Treaty, [157], [167];
- snubbed, [171], [172];
- in Senate, [176];
- Compromise of 1850, [176];
- death, [181], [242].
- Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, [173].
- Cobb, Howell, adviser of Buchanan, [247].
- Colleges, in West, [34].
- Colorado, [199].
- Columbia Valley, immigration to, [127].
- Confederacy, Southern organized, [271];
- agents to Europe, [276];
- enthusiasm, [276];
- preparations for war, [276];
- aristocracy united, [279];
- Richmond capital, [280];
- expects foreign intervention, [282];
- currency and finances, [286];
- need of European market, [286];
- regular government, [286];
- dissension, [287];
- bonds in Europe, [294];
- European recognition, imminent, [301];
- not ready for reunion, [309];
- debt and currency in 1864, [310];
- taxation, [310];
- internal dissension, [310];
- resistance to conscript laws, [311];
- area controlled in 1854, [313];
- credit ruined in Europe, [315];
- collapse, [324]-[28].
- Congregational Church, in Massachusetts, [15];
- Connecticut, suffrage extended, Church and State separated, [14];
- Conscription, Federal and Confederate, [305];
- resistance to Confederate, [311];
- opposition to Federal, [317].
- Constitution of the United States, amendments to limit term of Presidents, appointment of members of Congress, and powers of Supreme Court, [16];
- States and bills of credit, [99].
- Cooper, General A. S., [281].
- Cooper, James Fenimore, [53].
- Cooper, Thomas, resignation, [142].
- Cotton, and politics in South Carolina, [4];
- planters against tariff, [5], [66], [75];
- expansion and politics, [11];
- decline in price, [12];
- great wealth of planters, [13];
- in Southwest, [13];
- exports, [29], [36], [42], [313];
- New Orleans market, [36];
- manufacture in New England, [42], [46], [132], [133], [134], [137], [138];
- prices, [186], [194].
- Courts, for vested interests, [51];
- national, power of, [51];
- county in old South, [38];
- planters in federal, [138].
- Crawford, Thomas, sculptor, [225].
- Crawford, William H., Jackson and Seminole affair, [2], [4], [8], [64].
- Creeks. See Indians.
- Crittenden, John J., [171], [255], [273].
- Crockett, David, [79].
- Cuba, [198];
- Currency. See Money, Paper money.
- Cushing, Caleb, [50], [150];
- Dallas, George M., for Vice-President, [130];
- Dana, R. H., secession, [253].
- Daniel, John M., opposed to Davis, [312].
- Davis, Jefferson, Oregon, Texas, [132];
- expansionist, [150], [157], [176];
- retired after 1850, [181], [214];
- Secretary of War, [231];
- and Pacific Railroad, [233], [234], [236];
- for Kansas-Nebraska Bill, [239];
- Senate leader, [247];
- and Douglas, [254], [258];
- against secession, [269];
- President of Confederacy, [271];
- and Fort Sumter, [274];
- advice to plant food crops, [282];
- “second Washington,” [282], [285];
- reëlected, [286];
- and J. E. Johnston, [287];
- trust in Lee, [298];
- unyielding, [309];
- opposition to, [312], [315], [322];
- recommends negro enlistment, [323];
- opposed by Congress, [323];
- impeachment threatened, [323];
- offers Europe emancipation, [323];
- last appeal to South, [324];
- escape to Danville, [327];
- captured and imprisoned, [328].
- Declaration of Independence, and Jacksonians, [24];
- Delaware, for Adams, [14], [18].
- Democracy, decline, [3];
- doomed in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, [11];
- retarded by cotton expansion, [11];
- Whigs and Democrats, [109];
- flooded in South, [214];
- in New England, [215].
- Democratic party, [67];
- defied by Clay, [66];
- first national convention, [68];
- and Van Buren, [104], [107], [109], [110];
- Baltimore Convention of 1844, [129];
- for Texas, [147], [161];
- convention of 1848, [172], [182];
- Franklin Pierce, [182];
- compromise a finality, [182];
- lose Northwest, [242];
- Southern, and pro-slavery, [243];
- Convention of 1856, [245];
- Buchanan and Breckinridge, [205];
- and Douglas, [257], [258];
- Charleston Convention of 1860, [260];
- split, [261];
- wins seven Republican States, [302];
- strong in North, [317];
- Convention of 1864, [321].
- Derby Bank, of Connecticut, robs depositors, [44].
- De Veaux, James, painter, [54].
- Dew, Thomas R., on slavery, [118], [145].
- Dickinson, Daniel S., Lincoln leader, [290].
- District of Columbia, petitions on slavery in, [165];
- to abolish slave-trading, [178].
- Dix, John A., [150], [157].
- Doak, Samuel, [33].
- Dobbin, James C., Secretary of Navy, [232].
- Donaldson, Fort, Grant captures, [293].
- Douglas, Stephen A., Oregon and Texas, [132];
- expansionists, [150], [172];
- and crisis of 1850, [176], [206];
- understood West, [202];
- land for railroads, [203];
- and Chicago, [203];
- ambitious, [205];
- wife, [214];
- slighted by
- Pierce, [232];
- Kansas-Nebraska Bill, [236];
- attacked, [240];
- Southern Whigs defend, [240];
- abused by Sumner, [245];
- for Buchanan, [246];
- Greeley suggests for President, [251];
- revolt on Kansas, [253];
- read out of Democratic party, [254];
- campaigning in Illinois, [254];
- popularity, [255];
- and Republicans, [255];
- debate with Lincoln, [256];
- Freeport doctrine, [256];
- reëlected, [257];
- and Democrats, [258];
- and Charleston Convention, [260];
- nominated by faction, [261];
- strength in Northwest, [264];
- against secession, [264];
- popular and electoral vote, [265];
- for peace, [273];
- supports Lincoln, [282], [289];
- death, [289].
- Douglass, Frederick, ex-slave and abolitionist, [166].
- Draper and Moss, photographers, [224].
- Dred Scott decision, [247], [257].
- Duane, William J., Secretary of the Treasury, [78];
- East, [4];
- and democracy, [37], [39];
- emigration to West, [40];
- population, [40], [47], [185];
- lands, [41];
- product and return on capital, [42];
- factory life, [43];
- capitalists, [44], [46], [47], [48], [54];
- banks and circulation, [45], [46];
- factories in, [47];
- clergy and lawyers, [50];
- judges for property interests, [51];
- life in, being reconstructed, [54], [55];
- for protection, [59], [60];
- and public land questions, [61];
- antagonistic to South, [61];
- and West, [61];
- defeats Benton's land program, [65];
- and Clay, [67];
- Jackson and Bank, [69];
- and Union, [75];
- distrusts Van Buren, [96];
- and panic of 1837, [102], [108], [130], [161];
- and Texas, [167];
- cities of, for Compromise of 1850, [181];
- foreign element in, [185];
- population in 1830, in 1850, in 1860, [185];
- industrial area, [187];
- shipping tonnage, [187];
- capital concentrated in, [188];
- capital and income, [194];
- trade with West and South, [205];
- religious life, [218];
- school children, [223];
- college students, [224];
- and Northwest, [247], [263];
- motives of, in the Civil War, [289];
- for emancipation, [304];
- radicals of, hostile to Lincoln, [317];
- in control after war, [328].
- Eaton, John H., Secretary of War, [58];
- wife and Washington Society, [59], [64].
- Education, in United States, 1850-60, [213].
- Eleventh Amendment, and repudiation of state debts, [106].
- Emancipation Proclamation, promised, [302];
- opinion on, divided, [304];
- East for, West against, [304].
- Emerson, Ralph Waldo, [52], [226];
- England, Oregon, [25], [27], [122], [152];
- United States and West Indian trade, [84];
- mediates between France and United States, [87];
- capital for United States, [99], [100];
- call for payment, [101];
- Mexico and Lower California, [122];
- strained relations with United States, [122];
- the Webster-Ashburton treaty, [123];
- slave trade and right of search, [123];
- Northwestern boundary, [124];
- Oregon, [124], [132], [147], [149];
- free-trade movement, [151];
- Oregon trade, [153];
- compensated owners for emancipation of slaves, [164];
- Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, [173], [205];
- possibility of intervention by, in Civil War, [314].
- English, in United States, [185];
- attitude toward Confederacy, [314].
- Episcopalians, and slavery, [145], [216], [240].
- Erie Canal, exports of grain, [29], [32], [35], [46], [90], [97];
- and European capital, [99].
- Erie Railroad, [192].
- Everett, Edward, [50];
- Minister to England, [126];
- Massachusetts spokesman, [184];
- becomes Democrat, [246];
- for Vice-President, [261].
- Exports, cotton and other, [12];
- cotton from Confederacy, [313].
- Factory system, introduced, [43];
- long hours and poor pay, [219].
- Fair Oaks, battle of, [296].
- Farm laborers, [210].
- Farm life, [211];
- Federalists, in South Carolina, [5];
- of New York and Pennsylvania, [14];
- shipping interests, [41].
- Fillmore, Millard, President, [180];
- Know-Nothing candidate, [243];
- popular vote, [243].
- Florida, [120];
- Floyd, John, [70].
- Floyd, John B., dismissed from army, [312].
- Food, of Americans in 1860, [208].
- Foot, Samuel A., [30];
- resolution on public lands, [60].
- Foote, Commodore, on Mississippi River, [293].
- Foote, Henry S., for “all of Mexico,” [158];
- Compromise of 1850, [178].
- Forbes, John M., railroad builder, [192].
- Force Bill, [73], [77].
- Forsyth, John, Jackson leader in the Senate, [82].
- France, claims against, [85];
- Fredericksburg, battle of, [303];
- and English intervention, [314].
- Free negroes, in South, [138].
- Freeport doctrine, [256].
- Free-Soil party, [173];
- Frémont, John C., in Mexican War, [154];
- Friends. See Quakers.
- Fugitive Slave Law, strengthened in 1850, [178];
- opposition to, [184];
- nullified by Northern States, [252].
- Fuller, Margaret, [226].
- Fur trade, St. Louis a center, [35];
- American Fur Company, [35].
- Gadsden, James, United States agent to Mexico, [232].
- Gallatin, Albert, turned against Bank, [83].
- Garrison, William Lloyd, abolitionist, [161];
- Liberator, [161];
- abolition societies, [162];
- for unconditional abolition, [164].
- Georgia, [3];
- university of, [7];
- trouble over Indians, [7], [8], [21], [72], [87];
- immigration to, [13], [21], [28];
- Cherokee Nation against, [88], [121];
- illiterates, [213];
- convicts, [213];
- Know-Nothings defeated in, [243];
- secession of, [271];
- Union areas, [279];
- distrusted by Confederacy, [309];
- conscript laws annulled, [312], [323].
- Germans, immigration to Mississippi Valley, [91];
- Germany, and tariff, [151].
- Giddings, J. R., anti-slavery leader, [163], [262].
- Gilmore, Thomas W., [121], [132].
- Gladstone, W. E., favors South, [314].
- Graft, in Van Buren's administration, [96].
- Grain, exported by West, [29], [35];
- Grant, U. S., campaign in Tennessee, [293];
- wins battle of Shiloh, [294];
- made Halleck famous, [300];
- blocked in Mississippi, [303];
- commander in East, [316];
- Wilderness campaign, [317];
- failure and criticism of, [318];
- crosses the James, [318];
- invests Petersburg, [318], [326];
- liberal terms to Lee, [327].
- Great Britain, and American shipping, [187].
- Greeley, Horace, [171];
- Green, Duff, editor of the Telegraph, [17];
- Greenbacks, issued, [292], [293];
- Grimes, J. W., [241].
- Grimké, the Misses, abolitionists, [166].
- Guadalupe-Hidalgo, Treaty of, [174].
- Gulf States, immigration to, [13];
- Guthrie, James, Secretary of the Treasury, [232].
- Habeas corpus, writ of, suspended, [304].
- Halleck, General H. W., Grant makes famous, [300];
- Hamilton, Alexander, [44].
- Hamilton, James, [71].
- Hammond, James H., on slavery, [146].
- Hampton, Wade, [214].
- Hannegan, and Calhoun, [120];
- for taking Canada, [158].
- Harper's Ferry, John Brown, [259], [301].
- Harper's Magazine, [228].
- Harris, Townsend, consul to Japan, [235].
- Harrison, William Henry, Whig candidate, [93], [110];
- Hart, Joel T., sculptor, [54].
- Harvard, Unitarian center, [52];
- confers degree of LL.D. on Jackson, [58];
- Southern students at, [224].
- Hawthorne, Nathaniel, [182];
- Hayne, Paul Hamilton, [227].
- Hayne, Robert Y., [5], [6], [30], [48], [52];
- Henry, Fort, Grant captures, [293].
- Hill, General A. P., [299].
- Hill, General D. H., [299];
- Hodge, Dr. Charles, president of Princeton, [222].
- Hoe, Richard M., inventor, [224].
- Holden, W. W., leads peace movement, [312].
- Holmes, Oliver Wendell, [226].
- Homesteads, free, in Republican platform, [262].
- Hood, General John B., defeated by Sherman, [319];
- Hooker, General Joseph, given command of the Army of the Potomac, [303];
- loses at Chancellorsville, [305].
- Horseshoe Bend, battle of, [21].
- Houston, Samuel, in Texas, [120];
- Governor of Texas, [126].
- Howe, Elias, inventor of sewing machine, [224].
- Hunter, R. M. T., [324].
- Hunt, William Morris, [225].
- Illinois, [3];
- for Jackson, [22];
- population, [28], [87], [89], [90];
- internal improvements, [90];
- Germans in, [91];
- capital from New York and London, [91];
- debt and income, [98];
- for Van Buren, [111], [113];
- Oregon and Texas, [122], [131];
- Indians removed, [199], [201], [205];
- convicts in 1860, [213];
- educational reform, [223];
- for opening Nebraska, [238];
- North for Republicans, [241];
- for Buchanan, [246], [262], [263];
- Democratic, [302].
- Illinois Central Railroad, built, [204].
- Immigration, [40], [212].
- Independent Treasury, proposed, [103];
- Indian Territory, [89].
- Indiana, for Jackson, [22];
- population, [90];
- internal improvements, [90];
- capital from New York and London, [91], [113];
- Indians removed, [199], [201];
- illiterates, [213];
- educational reform, [223];
- for opening Nebraska, [238];
- North for Republicans, [241];
- for Buchanan, [246], [262];
- Democratic, [302].
- Indians, Creeks, [1], [2], [26];
- removal desired, [29];
- and Georgia, [72];
- removal by Jackson, [87], [88];
- Cherokee Nation against Georgia, [88];
- Seminole War, [104].
- Ingham, Samuel D., [14], [17];
- Secretary of the Treasury, [58].
- Internal improvements, West for, [28], [59];
- Carey and Lea pamphlets, [53], [55];
- Maysville veto, [63], [65];
- and Whigs, [110], [130];
- extending slavery, [141], [150], [152];
- and Wilmot Proviso, [170].
- Inventions, [199], [212], [224].
- Iowa, [87], [89], [90], [106];
- Irish, in United States, [185].
- Irving, Washington, [52].