Beeston Tupholme, of London, was granted an English patent in 1887, on a direct-flame gas roaster which he assigned to Joseph Baker & Sons.
Karel F. Henneman, the Hague, Netherlands, took out his first patent on the Henneman direct-flame gas roaster in Spain in 1888; and the following year, he obtained patents in Belgium, France, and England. His United States patents were granted in 1893–95.
Postulart secured a patent in France for a gas coffee roaster in 1888.
The Germans also began, in the eighties, to take the quick gas coffee roaster seriously. In 1889, Carl Alexander Otto, of Dresden, secured a German patent on a spiral tubular machine to roast coffee in three and a half minutes. It was first manufactured and sold by Max Thurmer, of Dresden, in 1891–93.
Loading Coffee on Zamboeks at Hodeida
These boats then transfer their cargoes to steamships lying in the roads
Picturesque Camel and Bullock Carts
Used for local coffee transport in Aden and Hodeida
PRIMITIVE TRANSPORTATION METHODS IN ARABIA