| general persecution; | being destitute; |
| general suspicion; | being followed by the police; |
| being poisoned; | being very wicked; |
| being killed; | impending death; |
| being conspired against; | impending calamity; |
| being defrauded; | the soul being lost; |
| being preached against in church; | having no stomach; |
| being pregnant; | having no inside; |
| having a bone in the throat; | having neither stomach nor brains; |
| having lost much money; | being covered with vermin; |
| being unfit to live; | letters being written about her; |
| that she will not recover; | property being stolen; |
| that she is to be murdered; | her children being killed; |
| that she is to be boiled alive; | having committed theft; |
| that she is to be starved; | the legs being made of glass; |
| that the flesh is boiling; | having horns on the head; |
| that the head is severed | being chloroformed; |
| from the body; | having committed murder; |
| that children are burning; | fear of being hanged; |
| that murders take place around; | being called names by person; |
| that it is wrong to take food; | being acted on by spirits; |
| being in hell; | being a man; |
| being tempted of the devil; | the body being transformed; |
| being possessed of the devil; | insects coming from the body; |
| having committed an | rape being practised on her; |
| unpardonable sin; | having a venereal disease; |
| unseen agencies working; | being a fish; |
| her own identity; | being dead; |
| being on fire; | having committed suicide of the soul. |
[123] V. Kandinsky: Kritische u. Klinische Betrachtungen im Gebiete d. Sinnestäuschungen (1886), p. 42.
[124] See Proceedings of Soc. for Psych. Research, Dec. 1889, pp. 7, 183. The International Congress for Experimental Psychology has now charge of the Census, and the present writer is its agent for America.
[125] This case is of the class which Mr. Myers terms 'veridical.' In a subsequent letter the writer informs me that his vision occurred some five hours before the child was born.
[126] Le Sommeil et les Rêves (1865), chaps. iii, iv.
[127] This theory of incomplete rectification of the inner images by their usual reductives is most brilliantly stated by M. Taine in his work on Intelligence, book ii. chap. i.
[128] Not, of course, in all cases, because the cells remaining active are themselves on the way to be overpowered by the general (unknown) condition to which sleep is due.
[129] For a full account of Jackson's theories, see his 'Croonian Lectures' published in the Brit. Med. Journ. for 1884. Cf. also his remarks in the Discussion of Dr. Mercier's paper on Inhibition in 'Brain,' xi. 361.
The loss of vivacity in the images in the process of waking, as well as the gain of it in falling asleep, are both well described by M. Taine, who writes (on Intelligence, i. 50, 58) that often in the daytime, when fatigued and seated in a chair, it is sufficient for him to close one eye with a handkerchief, when, "by degrees, the sight of the other eye becomes vague, and it closes. All external sensations are gradually effaced, or cease, at all events, to be remarked; the internal images, on the other hand, feeble and rapid during the state of complete wakefulness, become intense, distinct, colored, steady, and lasting: there is a sort of ecstasy, accompanied by a feeling of expansion and of comfort. Warned by frequent experience, I know that sleep is coming on, and that I must not disturb the rising vision; I remain passive, and in a few minutes it is complete. Architecture, landscapes, moving figures, pass slowly by, and sometimes remain, with incomparable clearness of form and fulness of being; sleep comes on, and I know no more of the real world I am in. Many times, like M. Maury, I have caused myself to be gently roused at different moments of this state, and have thus been able to mark its characters.—The intense image which seems an external object is but a more forcible continuation of the feeble image which an instant before I recognized as internal; some scrap of a forest, some house, some person which I vaguely imagined on closing my eyes, has in a minute become present to me with full bodily details, so as to change into a complete hallucination. Then, waking up on a hand touching me, I feel the figure decay, lose color, and evaporate: what had appeared a substance is reduced to a shadow.... In such a case, I have often seen, for a passing moment, the image grow pale, waste away, and evaporate; sometimes, on opening the eyes, a fragment of landscape or the skirt of a dress appears still to float over the fire-irons or on the black hearth." This persistence of dream-objects for a few moments after the eyes are opened seems to be no extremely rare experience. Many cases of it have been reported to me directly. Compare Müller's Physiology, Baly's tr., p. 945.
[130] I say the 'normal' paths, because hallucinations are not incompatible with some paths of association being left. Some hypnotic patients will not only have hallucinations of objects suggested to them, but will amplify them and act out the situation. But the paths here seem excessively narrow, and the reflections which ought to make the hallucination incredible do not occur to the subject's mind. In general, the narrower a train of 'ideas' is, the vivider the consciousness is of each. Under ordinary circumstances, the entire brain probably plays a part in draining any centre which may be ideationally active. When the drainage is reduced in any way it probably makes the active process more intense.