1. Rigid (Rigida). Hard, which does not bend or yield to pressure.—Ex. The weevils (Rhyncophora).
2. Flexile (Flexilis). Which easily bends, or yields to pressure without breaking.—Ex. Elytra of Telephorus.
3. Soft (Mollis). Flexile and retaining the marks of pressure.—Ex. Elytra of Meloe.
III. DENSITY.
1. Foliaceous (Foliacea). Very thin and depressed, scarcely thicker than a leaf.—Ex. Aradus corticalis and Coreus paradoxus.
2. Depressed (Depressa). When the vertical section is shorter than the transverse.—Ex. Trogosita mauritanica.
3. Compressed (Compressa). When the transverse section is shorter than the vertical.—Ex. Centrotus cornutus: Abdomen in Cynips.
4. Plump (Pinguis). Naturally and proportionably plump.—Ex. Thylacites, &c. Most of the Cicadæ.
5. Obese (Obesa). Unnaturally enlarged and distended, as if from disease or too much food. Ex. Chrysomela Polygoni ♀, Galeruca Tanaceti ♀, Brachycerus.
6. Ventricose (Ventricosa). Bellying out as if filled with air.—Ex. Pneumora.
IV. PROPORTION.
1. Thick (Crassa). Disproportionably thick throughout.—Ex. Copris.
2. Incrassate (Incrassata). Disproportionably thick in part.—Ex. Base of the Abdomen of Æshna and many Libellulina. Plate [IX]. Fig. 9.
3. Slender (Tenuis). Disproportionably slender throughout.—Ex. Lixus paraplecticus.
4. Attenuate (Attenuata). Disproportionably slender in part.—Ex. Tail of Scorpio, Raphidia ♂, &c.
5. Broad (Lata). Disproportionably broad throughout.
6. Dilatate (Dilatata). Disproportionably broad in part.—Ex. Elytra of Lycus fasciatus, &c. Plate [XIII]. Fig. 20.
7. Narrow (Angusta). Disproportionably narrow throughout.—Ex. Abdomen of Agrion.
8. Angustate (Angustata). Disproportionably narrow in part.—Ex. Elytra of Sitaris humeralis. Plate [XIII]. Fig. 19.
9. Long (Longa). Disproportionably long throughout.—Ex. Scolopendra.
10. Elongate (Elongata). Disproportionably long in part.—Ex. Abdomen of Libellulina.
11. Short (Brevis). Disproportionably short throughout.—Ex. Copris.
12. Abbreviate (Abbreviata). Disproportionably short in part.—Ex. Elytra of Staphylinidæ, Atractocerus, &c.
V. FIGURE[1079].
1. Circular (Circularis). Having the diameter every way equal. Plate [XXIX]. Fig. 16, 17.
2. Rotundate (Rotundata). Rounded at the angles or sides. Plate [XXIX]. Fig. 19.
3. Oval (Ovalis). Having the longitudinal diameter twice the length of the transverse, and the ends circumscribed by equal segments of a circle. Plate [XX]. Fig. 6.
4. Elliptic (Elliptica). Oval, but having the longitudinal diameter more than twice the length of the transverse. Plate [XX]. Fig. 19.
5. Oblong (Oblonga). Having the longitudinal diameter more than twice the length of the transverse, and the ends varying, or rounded. Plate [XX]. Fig. 3, 9.
6. Ovate (Ovata). Oval, but having the ends circumscribed by unequal segments of circles. Plate [XX]. Fig. 12, 13.
7. Cordate (Cordata). Heart-shaped. Ovate or subovate and hollowed out at the base, without posterior angles. Plate [IX]. Fig. 22.
8. Sagittate (Sagittata). Arrow-shaped. Triangular, hollowed out at the base with posterior angles. Plate [XXVII]. Fig. 41. w´´´.
9. Hastate (Hastata). Halberd-shaped. Triangular, hollowed out at the base and sides with the posterior angles spreading.—Ex. Horn of the prothorax of Dynastes hastatus. Postfurca in many Coleoptera. Plate [XXII]. Fig. 5. b †.
10. Triangular; Quadrangular; Quinquangular; Sexangular (Triangula; Quadrangula; Quinquangula; Sexangula). Having three, four, five, or six angles.
11. Turbinate (Turbinata). Top-shaped, triangular with curved sides. Plate [XXV]. Fig. 18.
12. Ensate (Ensata). Gradually tapering till it ends in a point.—Ex. Ovipositor of Acrida viridissima. Plate [XV]. Fig. 19.
13. Lanceolate (Lanceolata). Oblong and gradually tapering towards each extremity.—Ex. The Cerci in Blatta. Plate [XV]. Fig. 23. Q´´.
14. Sigmoidal (Sigmoidea). S-shaped. Lanceolate and concave on one side at the base, and on the other at the apex.—Ex. Ovipositor of Cimbex, Plate [XV]. Fig. 21. H´´.
15. Cuneate (Cuneata). Wedge-shaped. Having the longitudinal diameter exceeding the transverse, and narrowing gradually downwards. Plate [X]. Fig. 11.
16. Acinacicate (Acinacicata). Falchion-shaped. Curved with the apex truncate, and growing gradually wider towards the end.—Ex. Abdomen of Ophion, Fœnus, and other Ichneumonidæ[1080].
17. Lunulate (Lunulata). Crescent-shaped. Curved with both ends acute, like the moon in her first quarter.—Ex. Last joint of the labial palpi of Oxyporus. Plate [XIII]. Fig. 4. a.
18. Falcate (Falcata). Sickle-shaped. Curved with the apex acute.—Ex. Ovipositor of Acrida varia. Antennæ of Atractocerus. Plate [XI]. Fig. 8.
19. Linear (Linearis). Narrow and of the same width throughout.—Ex. Wings of Pterophorus monodactylus.
20. Arcuate (Arcuata). Linear and bent like a bow.—Ex. Rostrum of Balaninus Nucum. Plate [XIII]. Fig. 12.
21. Cultrate (Cultrata). Coulter-shaped. Straight on one side and curved on the other.—Ex. Ovipositor of some Saw-flies. Under-wing of many Ichneumonidæ.
22. Spatulate (Spatulata). Spatula-shaped. Broader and rounded at the apex, linear and narrow at the base.—Ex. Abdomen of Ichneumon amictorius Panz.
23. Clepsydrate (Clepsydrata). Hour-glass-shaped. Broader at the base and apex—Ex. The Prosternum of many Capricorn beetles.
24. Clavate (Clavata). Club-shaped. Linear at the base, but towards the apex growing gradually broader. Plate [XI]. Fig. 4.
25. Quadrate (Quadrata). Square. Quadrilateral with the sides equal and the angles right angles.
26. Rhomboid (Rhomboidea). Quadrilateral with the sides equal, but with two opposite angles acute, and two obtuse. Plate [XXVII]. Fig. 62. t´´.
27. Trapezate (Trapezata). Quadrilateral with the four sides unequal, and none of them perfectly parallel. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 4.
28. Trapezoid (Trapezoidea). Quadrilateral, with two sides unequal and parallel[1081]. Plate [XXVI]. Fig. 34. b´.
29. Parallelogramical (Parallelogramica). Quadrilateral, with all the angles right angles, and all the sides parallel, but two longer than the others.
VI. FORM[1082].
1. Spherical (Sphærica). The shape of a globe. A body whose diameter every way is equal. Plate [XX]. Fig. 5.
2. Orbiculate (Orbiculata). A depressed globe, whose horizontal section is circular, and vertical oval. Plate [XX]. Fig. 10, 11.
3. Lenticular (Lenticularis). Lens-shaped. Whose horizontal section is circular, and vertical lanceolate.—Ex. Abdomen of Cynips aptera.
4. Ovaliform (Ovaliformis). Whose longitudinal section is oval, and transverse circular. Plate [XX]. Fig. 6.
5. Ellipsoid (Ellipsoidea). Whose longitudinal section is elliptical, and transverse circular. Plate [XX]. Fig. 19.
6. Oviform (Oviformis). Whose longitudinal section is ovate, and transverse circular. Plate [XX]. Fig. 12, 13.
7. Cucumiform (Cucumiformis). Cucumber-shaped. Whose longitudinal section is oblong, and transverse circular. Plate [XX]. Fig. 18, excluding the neck.
8. Cordiform (Cordiformis). Oviform and hollowed out at the base without posterior angles. Plate [IX]. Fig. 22.
9. Conical (Conica). Whose vertical section is triangular, and horizontal circular.—Ex. Abdomen of Cœlioxys conica (Apis * * b. K.). Plate [XX]. Fig. 7.
10. Turbiniform (Turbiniformis). Whose vertical section is turbinate, and horizontal circular.—Ex. Joints of antennæ of Aleochara socialis, and many others of that genus.
11. Pyramidal (Pyramidalis). Whose vertical section is triangular, and horizontal quadrangular.
12. Cuneiform (Cuneiformis). Whose vertical section is cuneate, and horizontal parallelogramical.
13. Triquetrous (Triquetra). Whose horizontal sections are equilateral triangles. Plate [XI]. Fig. 6.
14. Ensiform (Ensiformis). Whose horizontal sections are acute-angled triangles gradually diminishing in diameter from the base to the apex, and propagated in a straight line. Plate [XI]. Fig. 7.
15. Acinaciform (Acinaciformis). Whose horizontal sections are acute-angled triangles gradually increasing in diameter from the base to the apex, and propagated in a curved line.
16. Cultriform (Cultriformis). Whose horizontal sections are equal acute-angled triangles, or a three-sided body with two equal sides large and the third small.
17. Deltoid (Deltoidea). Short with the horizontal section triangular and decreasing in diameter towards the base.—Ex. Apex of the posterior tibia in Copris lunaris.
18. Trigonal; Tetragonal; Pentagonal; Hexagonal; Polygonal (Trigona; Tetragona; Pentagona; Hexagona; Polygona). Whose horizontal section is triangular; quadrangular; quinquangular; sexangular; multiangular.
19. Triedral; Tetraedral; Pentaedral; Hexaedral; Polyedral (Triedra; Tetraedra; Pentaedra; Hexaedra; Polyedra). That hath three sides; four sides; five sides; six sides; many sides.
20. Prismoidal (Prismoidalis). Having more than four sides and whose horizontal section is a polygon[1083]. Plate [VI]. Fig. 13. a, b, d´.
21. Trapeziform (Trapeziformis). Whose horizontal section is a Trapezium.
22. Trapezoidiform (Trapezoidiformis). Whose horizontal section is trapezoid.
23. Rhombiform (Rhombiformis). Whose horizontal section is rhomboidal. Plate [VIII]. Fig. 11.
24. Two-edged (Anceps). Whose horizontal section is lanceolate.
25. Cylindrical (Cylindrica). Whose horizontal sections are all equal circles. Plate [XXI]. Fig. 4.
26. Fusiform (Fusiformis). Spindle-shaped. Whose vertical section is lanceolate or lineari-lanceolate, and horizontal circular. Plate [XXIII]. Fig. 12.
27. Columnar (Teres). Whose vertical section is cuneate, and horizontal circular. Plate [XVI]. Fig. 2, 3.
28. Claviform (Claviformis). Whose vertical section is clavate, and horizontal circular. Plate [XI]. XII. Fig. 4.
29. Cubical (Cubica). Six-sided, with sides quadrate.
30. Parallelopipedous (Parallelopipeda). Six-sided, with four parallelogramical and two quadrate sides.
31. Pyriform (Pyriformis). Pear-shaped. Whose vertical section is spatulate, and horizontal circular.—Ex. Apion, &c.
32. Infundibuliform (Infundibuliformis). Funnel-shaped. Whose horizontal sections are circular, at first equal and then progressively larger and larger. Plate [XXII]. Fig. 12. c.
33. Fornicate (Fornicata). Convex above and concave beneath. Plate [XIII]. Fig. 18. a.
34. Coarctate (Coarctata). When the diameter of the middle is less than that of the ends.—Ex. Posterior thigh of Locusta. Plate [XIV]. Fig. 5.
35. Calceoliform (Calceoliformis). Oblong, and somewhat coarctate in the middle.—Ex. Abdomen of Chelonus.
36. Lageniform (Lageniformis). Bellying out and then ending in a narrow neck, something like a bottle.—Ex. Sperm-reservoir attached to the oviduct in Pontia. Plate [XXX]. Fig. 12. d.
37. Constrict (Constricta). Suddenly and disproportionably smaller at one end. Plate [XXII]. Fig. 15.
38. Luniform (Luniformis). Whose longitudinal section is lunate. Plate [XIII]. Fig. 4.
39. Nodose (Nodosa). Having one or more knobs or swellings. Plate [XII]. Fig. 5.
40. Geniculate (Geniculata). Bent so as to form a knee or angle. Plate [XII]. Fig. 7.
VII. SUPERFICIES.