iv. APPENDAGES.
1. Umbraculate (Umbraculatum). When there is upon the head an umbrella-shaped process.—Ex. Gryllus umbraculatus.
2. Lychnidiate (Lychnidiatum). When the Vertex, Frons, and Postnasus are porrected so as to form a kind of rostrum which gives light in the night.—Ex. Fulgora. Plate [XIII]. Fig. 15.
v. MOUTH (os).
1. Terminal (Terminale). When the mouth terminates the head.—Ex. Coleoptera, &c.
2. Prone (Pronum). When the mouth is wholly under the head.—Ex. Truxalis, Proscopia.
3. Perfect (Perfectum). When the mouth is furnished with all the Trophi. Viz. Labrum; Labium; Mandibulæ; Maxillæ; Maxillary and Labial Palpi; and Tongue.—Ex. The Masticating Orders.
a. Feeders retracted (Trophi retracti). When, in a perfect mouth, the Trophi are not capable of being much pushed out or drawn in.—Ex. Most Coleoptera, Orthoptera, &c.
b. Feeders retractile (Trophi retractiles). When, in a perfect mouth, the Trophi can be considerably pushed forth or drawn in.—Ex. Stenus, Apis, &c.
4. Imperfect (Imperfectum). When the mouth wants any of the Trophi, or they exist in it only as rudiments.—Ex. The Suctorious Orders.
5. Elabrate (Elabratum). When an imperfect mouth has Mandibulæ, Maxillæ, Labium, and Maxillary Palpi, or what perform their office, but no Labrum.—Ex. Araneidea.
6. Emandibulate (Emandibulatum). When an imperfect mouth has all the Trophi but the Mandibulæ.—Ex. Trichoptera.
7. Bipalpate (Bipalpatum). When an imperfect mouth has only either Labial or Maxillary Palpi.—Ex. Tabanus, &c.
8. Expalpate (Expalpatum). When an imperfect mouth has no Palpi.—Ex. Hemiptera.
9. Stomapodous (Stomapodum). When the Legs and Sternum act the part of Maxillæ, Labium, and Palpi.—Ex. Araneidea, Scolopendra, &c.
a. upper lip (Labrum).
1. Whiskered (Mystacinum). When the upper lip is furnished with whiskers (Mystax), or bearded.—Ex. Creophilus hirtus. Plate [XXVI]. Fig. 30.
b. upper jaws (Mandibulæ).
1. Chelate (Chelatæ). When the upper jaws are furnished at the end with a chela or thumb.—Ex. Scorpio, Phalangium.
2. Unguiculate (Unguiculatæ). When they are armed with a moveable claw.—Ex. Araneidea. Plate [VII]. Fig. 10. c´.
3. Buried (Sepultæ). When they are covered and quite concealed by the upper lip.—Ex. Colliuris.
4. Open (Apertæ). When they are not quite concealed by the upper lip.—Ex. Most Coleoptera.
5. Toothless (Edentulæ). When they are not armed with teeth.—Ex. Apogonia gemellata. Plate [XXVI]. Fig. 22.
6. Toothed (Dentatæ). When they are armed with teeth.—Ex. Cicindela. Plate [XXVI]. Fig. 19.
7. Suctorious (Suctoriæ). When they have an orifice by which they imbibe their food.—Ex. Larva of Dytiscus, Myrmeleon, &c. Plate [XIII]. Fig. 6.
c. under jaws (Maxillæ).