108. Small Crowbar.—[Fig. 95]. Drawing, swaging, welding, and tempering steel. Material: 16 inches of 3⁄4-inch square mild steel, also a small piece of tool steel.
Fig. 95.—Steel-faced Crowbar.
Draw 11 inches to the following dimensions: the first 4 inches to 3⁄4-inch octagon, then beginning with 3⁄4-inch round gradually reduce to 1⁄2-inch round at the end. This should be smoothly forged and swaged.
Form a depression 1⁄4 inch deep on one side of the square portion 2 inches from the end; from this, draw the metal to 1⁄2 × 3⁄4 inch; by using a hot cutter where the depression was made, split and raise up a scarf fully 3⁄4 inch long, as shown in the sketch. Prepare a piece of tool steel 21⁄2 × 3⁄4 × 1⁄2 inches; on one end of this draw a long, thin scarf and roughen it with a hot cutter, so it can be held in place securely. (See [Fig. 95].)
Heat the bar cautiously where the scarf was raised, to avoid burning it; slightly cool the tool steel and put it into place. By holding the piece of steel against a hardy, swage, or fuller, the scarf can be hammered down tightly over the tool steel, which should hold it securely for heating. Place the pieces in the fire and heat them to a red; remove and thoroughly cover them with borax; replace them and raise the heat to a bright yellow or welding heat.
While the first light blows for the welding are being delivered, the end should be held against something to prevent the steel from being displaced; when positive that welding is proceeding, make the blows heavier and complete the operation.
When the pieces are securely joined, cut off the corner opposite to the steel face, and draw the bar tapering from this side, to a sharp, flat edge 1 inch wide. Bend this through its smallest dimensions to an inside radius of about 31⁄2 or 4 inches and with the edge extending 1⁄2 inch to one side of the bar, as in [Fig. 95]. File or grind the outside surface and edge of this; then harden, and temper to a blue.
109. Eye or Ring Bolts.—An assortment of eyes is shown in Figs. [96], [97], and [98]. All eyes should possess two essentials: the necessary strength and a good appearance; therefore the method of making should be chosen to fulfill those requirements. Generally the eyes that have the most strength require the greatest amount of labor.
A, [Fig. 96], is an open eye which is very easily made, because bending is the only operation required. The method of making this form of eye has already been explained in section [69].