Schlitter, H. D. Berichte d. K. K. Commissars Bartholomäus v. Stürmer aus St. Helena zur Zeit d. dortigen Internirung Napoleon Bonapartes, 1816-18. 8o. Wien, 1886. 8o.
Warden, W. Conduct and conversations of Napoleon Buonaparte and his suite during the voyage to St. Helena, and some months there. Albany, 1817. 12o.
INDEX
A
Aachen, N.'s court at, ii. 329, 339, 350.
Aalen, the French position at, ii. 365.
Abdullah Pasha, routed at Esdraelon, ii. 71, 72.
Aben, River, military operations on the, iii. 207.
Abensberg, Lefebvre defeats the Austrians at, iii. 207;
Oudinot ordered to, 208;
battle of, 211.
Aberdeen, Lord, English envoy at Vienna, iii. 422.
Abo, Alexander's hint to Bernadotte at, iv. [55].
Aboukir, battle of, ii. 77-80, 97;
trophies from, deposited at the Invalides, 147.
Aboukir Bay, battle of, ii. 62, 63.
Abrantès, Junot at, iii. 121.
Abrantès, Duchesse d', friendship with N., i. 178, 283.
Absolutism, its growth in Europe, i. 67;
its decline and abolition, 106-110, 119, 151;
iv. [162], [250], [292].
Academy, The, ordered to occupy itself with literary criticism, iii. 26.
Acken, military operations near, iv. [21], [22], [25].
Acqui, military operations at, i. 354.
Acre, Phélippeaux at, i. 65;
siege of, ii. 47, 70-76;
the key of Palestine, 73;
relief expedition from Constantinople to, 73-75;
parley between Phélippeaux and N. at, 79;
compared with Smolensk, iii. 340.
Act of Mediation, the, ii. 234.
Acton, Sir J. F. E., rule of, in Naples, ii. 357.
Adam, Albrecht, on the French advance into Russia, iii. 337.
Adam, Sir F., in battle of Waterloo, iv. [209].
Adda, River, military operations on the, i. 359, 381;
ii. 172.
Addington, Henry, succeeds Pitt in the ministry, ii. 208;
negotiates for peace, 210;
belief in the peace of Amiens, 213;
holds England to be arbiter of the Continent, 263;
Continental policy, 263, 266, 267;
appoints Lord Whitworth ambassador to Paris, 266;
his influence undermined by Pitt, 292;
driven from power, 337.
Addison, Joseph, on England's insular position, ii. 263.
Additional Act, the, iv. [160], [161], [166].
Aderklaa, Austrian advance through, iii. 219.
Adige, River, military operations on, i. 371, 379, 383-391, 406-414, 434, 442;
ii. 87, 91, 193, 368;
iii. 201;
iv. [39];
cession to Austria of lands on, ii. 21;
boundary of the Cisalpine Republic, 21;
boundary of Austria in Italy, 193;
Eugène to collect troops on, 362.
Adrial, M., member of the council of state, ii. 222;
reviser of the Code, 222.
Adriatic Sea, N. threatens to seize, i. 404;
French fleet in, ii. 18;
cession to Austria of lands on, 21;
marriage of, 24;
N.'s control of, iii. 110;
the highway to India, 111.
Æetes, N. likened to, iv. [387].
Æneid, N.'s notes on the, iv. [232].
Afghanistan, projected rising against England in, iii. 21.
Africa, proposed military operations in northern, iii. 114;
the partition of, iv. [298].
"Agamemnon," the, at siege of Bastia, i. 260; ii. 62.
"Agathon," iii. 175.
Agricultural laborers, condition at outbreak of the Revolution, i. 102, 105, 109.
Agriculture, encouragement of, ii. 220.
Aigues-Mortes, the canal of, ii. 349.
Aisne, River, military movements on the, iv. [77], [93].
Aix, Fesch at, i. 44;
N. at, 141; iv. [139], [154];
arrest of Corsican commissioners at, i. 204;
N.'s sickness at, iv. [139];
bitter feeling against N. at, [138], [154].
Ajaccio made a seat of government, i. 25;
the Bonaparte family in, 26-35;
N. at, 81-90, 118, 128, 135, 159, 193, 203
prepares plans for its defense, 91;
political parties in, 116;
patriotic schemes, 118;
N. assumes leadership in, 118;
the democratic club at, 118, 123, 127, 128, 145, 184;
withdrawal of French troops from, 121;
reorganizing the municipal government, 123, 127;
attack on N. in, 128;
disorders in, 128-130, 166-172, 180, 191;
claims to be capital of Corsica, 134;
political movements in, 163-170;
election of officers in, 165, 166;
popular feeling against N. in, 170, 171;
embarkation of Sardinian expedition at, 191;
N. demands allegiance to France from, 199;
N.'s plot against the citadel at, 201-209;
expedition from St. Florent against, 204-207;
outburst against the Bonapartes in, 205;
N.'s cave at, 210;
weakness of, 257;
N.'s last visit to, ii. 82.
Albania, N. offers the country to England, ii. 404.
Albuera, battle of, iii. 289.
Albufera, Duke of. See [Suchet].
Alessandria, opening of the road to, i. 257;
military operations near, 352;
in French hands, 373;
Melas rallies his army at, ii. 174, 177;
topography of the country, 177, 178;
Melas retires to, 180;
N. concedes to the allies at Châtillon, iv. [87].
Alexander I, succeeds Paul I, ii. 210;
waives claim to Malta, 210;
liberates English ships, 210;
his bloody title to the throne, ii. 210, 317; iii. 36, 37; iv. [114];
abandons the neutrality policy, ii. 263;
personal relations between N. and, 263; iii. 34, 37, 40, 43, 52-53, 64, 73, 97, 105, 107, 116, 118, 248, 255, 310, 408, 411;
pacification of, ii. 265;
ruptures diplomatic relations with France, 311;
animus toward France, 330;
greed for Oriental empire, 330, 331, 347, 348, 357, 406, 418; iii. 33, 176, 236, 245; iv. [67];
attitude on the death of Enghien, ii. 330, 348;
demands indemnity for King of Sardinia, 330;
N.'s words of warning to, 347;
demands indemnity for Piedmont, 348;
undertakes peace negotiations, 356;
his scheme of redistribution of Europe, 355;
England's negotiations with, 355;
character and personality, 356; iii. 41-43, 117, 171, 310, 351, 420; iv. [6], [68], [132];
recalls his peace envoy, ii. 357;
brings Prussia into the coalition, 376, 377;
at Berlin, 376, 377;
relations with Frederick William III, 377; iii. 57, 107, 195;
prefers one of Paul I's assassins, ii. 380;
at Olmütz, 380;
N. opens negotiations with, 380;
forces the battle of Austerlitz, 382;
after the battle, 389;
deserts Francis I, 390;
interview with N., 391;
retreats to Poland, 391;
evacuates Naples, 405;
conscienceless concerning territories of others, 405;
breaks off negotiations with N., 418;
rejects the Oubril treaty, 421;
uncertain attitude, 420;
N.'s insinuations concerning Queen Louisa and, iii. 57;
N.'s doubts about his movements, 1;
activity after Jéna, 1;
offers rewards for French prisoners, 9;
devotion of the army to, 9, 10;
interest in Constantinople, 28;
meeting with N. at Tilsit, 34 et seq., 49, 53;
N.'s proposals to, 36;
reminded of Paul I's death, 36;
invited to make a separate peace, 36;
accepts N.'s terms, 37;
promises to aid France against England, 41;
deserts Prussia, 42;
proposed visit to Paris, 51;
proposes a treaty with Turkey, 51;
on European politics, 51;
opinion of Louis XVIII, 52;
claims concessions from N., 55;
saves Silesia to Prussia, 56;
acquires Bielostok, 56;
refuses to seize Prussian territory, 62;
parting from N. at Tilsit, 63;
Savary's influence over, 64;
hostility of Russian society to, 64, 109, 118, 336;
enmity to England, 70;
N. proposes matrimonial unions to, 93, 179, 181, 247, 248;
coquets with English agents, 97;
effect of the treaty of Tilsit on, 99;
apprehensions at England's actions, 99;
seeks to abolish serfdom, 99;
difficulties of his position, 99;
demands reparation for Denmark, 100;
declares war on England, 102;
repudiates the agreement of Slobozia, 105;
keeps faith with N., 105;
holds N. to his promises, 106;
ambition to acquire the Danubian principalities, 105, 116, 117, 176, 248;
appoints Tolstoi to negotiate with N., 107;
declines N.'s offers, 108;
essays to effect the liberation of Prussia, 108, 168;
continues his demands on N., 110;
N. seeks further interviews with, 113, 116;
court intrigue around, 115;
receives presents from N., 116;
seeks to acquire Finland, 115, 168, 176;
breaks off negotiations for interview with N., 116;
"stalemated," 117;
humiliation of, 117, 310;
Joseph seeks his consent to acceptance of the Spanish crown, 131;
uncertainty concerning N.'s plans, 165;
approves N.'s course at Bayonne, 166;
friendship with Caulaincourt, 165, 168, 248;
proposed second meeting with N., 166, 168, 169;
informed of the capitulation of Baylen, 166;
influence on Emperor Francis, 167;
rewon by N.'s promises, 166;
remonstrates with Austria, 166, 168;
determines to exact the fruits of Tilsit, 168;
intellectual pretensions, 171;
meeting with N. at Erfurt, 172 et seq.;
dramatic incident at performance of "Œdipe," 172;
apparent success of his demands at Erfurt, 177;
hot words with N. at Erfurt, 177;
approves of N.'s contemplated divorce, 181;
relies on N. to gratify his ambitions, 194;
at Königsberg, 193, 194;
modifies his tone to Vienna, 194;
neutrality of, 225;
gives no support to Francis, 236;
orders invasion of Galicia, 236;
his observance of Franco-Russian treaties, 238, 244;
advises peace, 239;
N. explains the treaty of Schönbrunn to, 245;
hesitates to betroth his sister to N., 247, 248;
fears the loss of Moldavia and Wallachia, 248;
chagrined at the Austrian war and its results, 249;
anxiety for a French alliance, 248;
attitude concerning N.'s second marriage, 255, 316;
offers Norway to Sweden, 281, 314, 321;
discriminates against France in customs duties, 288;
action on N.'s occupation of the North Sea coast, 287;
reserves his family rights over Oldenburg, 288;
refuses to accept Erfurt, 288;
liberal tendencies, 309;
friendship with Czartoryski, 309, 311, 383;
ambition for equality with N., iii. 310;
essays the rôle of European mediator, 309;
disgusted with the old dynasties, 309;
outwitted by N. in the Polish negotiations, 310 et seq.;
impending rupture with N., 310 et seq.;
rupture with N. over the Polish question, 311 et seq.;
refuses to restore the integrity of Poland, 312;
proposes to accept the crown of Warsaw, 311;
virtual declaration of war against France, 311;
hopes of the Poles in, 313;
N. offers the use of the "Moniteur" to, 315;
N. threatens action against, 314;
prepares for war, 315;
proves an untrustworthy ally, 316;
determines on defensive warfare, 316;
position as to the Continental System, 316, 328;
N. warns him of his military preparations, 318;
hints an offer of the French crown to Bernadotte, 321;
makes qualified alliance with Prussia, 320;
effect of his policy on Prussia, 320;
makes terms with Turkey, 321;
personal connection with the war of 1812, 328;
concessions by, 328;
ultimatum to France, 328, 329;
proposes counter-terms to N., 329;
demands better terms for Sweden, 330;
invited to Dresden, 331;
demands the evacuation of Prussia, 330;
ukase of December, 1810, 329;
his German advisers blamed, 336;
allays trouble at St. Petersburg, 326;
financial difficulties, 336;
military policy, 341;
replaces Barclay de Tolly by Kutusoff, 343;
his advisers, 351-352;
silent steadfastness, 351-352;
religious spirit, 351;
conduct after the capture of Moscow, 352;
determines to continue the war, 351;
friendship with Galitzin, 351;
treatment of French prisoners, 367;
makes terms with Prussia, 382;
goes to Vilna, 383;
project to become king of Poland, 384;
seeks alliances with Prussia and Austria, 384;
abandons the Polish idea, 384;
ambition to pose as liberator of Europe, 383;
relations with Stein, 385, 396;
in correspondence with York, 384;
negotiates treaty with Spain, July, 1812, 391;
Metternich seeks to embroil him with Bernadotte, 394;
advances against Eugène, 395;
favors annexation of Saxony by Prussia, 399;
importance of keeping him hostile to France, 415;
N.'s attempt to negotiate with, 415;
secret meeting with Metternich, 415;
fatalism of, 420;
Francis seeks alliance with, 420;
jealousy of Austria, 424;
mediocrity in military affairs, iv. [6];
in military council at Trachenberg, [6];
battle of Leipsic, [28]-34;
anxiety for the future of absolutism, [40];
distrust of his allies, [40];
Jacobinism of, [40];
dissatisfied with Frankfort terms, [40];
desires revenge for Moscow, [40];
checks Bernadotte's ambitions, [55];
encourages Bernadotte's ambition, [55], [57];
holds the balances in the coalition, [57];
ambition for European supremacy, [58];
predicts speedy entry into Paris, [61];
military blunder, [63];
designs to acquire Galicia, [67];
poses as a liberal, [68];
designs regarding Poland, [67];
desires to conquer France, [67];
forbids the restoration of Vaud to Bern, [68];
suspends the Congress of Châtillon, [70];
consents to re-opening the Congress, [72];
activity of, [88], [89];
prepares for the entry into Paris, [90];
terror-stricken at Arcis, [92];
attitude toward Austria, [98];
holds a military council, [98];
intrigues with Vitrolles, [98];
eagerness to annihilate N., [98];
violates armistice before Paris, [110];
orders an assault, [110];
fears N.'s arrival at Paris, [110];
Talleyrand sends a "blank check" to, [113];
leads the allies into Paris, [113];
schemes for French government, [114];
the representative of legitimacy, [114];
presides at the council for peace, [114];
deceived by the Parisians' reception, [113];
approves the Bourbon restoration, [114];
Caulaincourt seeks audience of, [116];
Marmont's offer to, [119];
hears Talleyrand's remonstrance against the regency, [125];
presentation of N.'s abdication to, [124], [125];
hatred for absolutism, [126];
hears of the defection of N.'s army, [126];
revulsion of feeling in favor of the Empire, [126];
refuses to accept the abdication, [129];
generous impulses, [132];
proposes a home for N. in Russia, [133];
alleged indelicacy of his visit to the Empress at Rambouillet, [135];
boast as to his servants, [138];
protests to Talleyrand against violations of treaty obligations, [153];
determines to retain ascendancy in the coalition, [169];
converted to the legitimacy idea, [224];
besought for N.'s release, [231];
correspondence with:
Galitzin, Prince, iii. 311;
George III, iii. 181;
Marmont, iv. [119];
Napoleon, iii. 111, 113, 165, 315, 350.
Alexander the Great, N. likened to, i. 423; iii. 319; iv. [292];
N.'s admiration for, ii. 15, 47, 147, 157;
his work for civilization, 157; iv. [251], [292];
his ideal, iii. 319;
the cause of his undoing, iv. [261].
Alexandria, N.'s views concerning, ii. 47;
Nelson seeks the Egyptian expedition at, 57;
N.'s arrival at, 57;
capture of, 58;
the march to Cairo from, 59;
Adm. Brueys ordered to, 61;
N. at, 66;
arrival of the Rhodes expedition at, 77;
English fleet at, 79;
N. sails from, 81;
England's occupation of, 280.
Alfieri, Vittorio, sings of Italian freedom, ii. 232; iv. [39].
Alien Act, England's position with regard to, ii. 271.
Alkmaar, capitulation of the Duke of York at, ii. 93;
capitulation of, 141.
Alle, River, military operations on the, iii. 29, 30.
Allemand, retreat of the French through, iv. [99].
Allenburg, Bennigsen collects his troops at, iii. 31.
Allix, J. A. F., at Auxerre, iv. [102];
battle of Waterloo, [201].
"All the Talents," the ministry of, iii. 46.
Almeida, siege and capture of, iii. 284;
retaken by the English, 289.
Alpon, River, military operations on the, i. 389, 391.
Alps, the, military operations in, i. 213, 412, 426, 433; ii. 160-173, 186, 187;
the keys of, i. 342, 355;
French supremacy in, ii. 96;
Suvaroff's disasters in, 141;
Hannibal's passage of, 169;
road across the Simplon, 233;
France's "natural boundary," iv. [41].
Alsace, Austria driven out of, i. 273;
royalists in, ii. 301;
Duc d'Enghien's conspiracy in, 301, 305;
regulations for Jews in, iii. 77;
proposed cession of, to Austria, iv. [67].
Alten, K. A. von, in battle of Waterloo, iv. [209].
Altenburg, peace negotiations at, iii. 237.
Altenkirchen, battle of, i. 385.
Alvinczy, Gen. Joseph, N.'s operations against, i. 350;
commanding Austrian forces for relief of Mantua, 386-392;
defeats Masséna at Bassano and Caldiero, 389;
operations against Verona, 389-392;
retreats from Caldiero, 390;
operations on the Adige, 406-414;
the Rivoli campaign, 406 et seq.;
defeat at Rivoli, 414;
flees to the Tyrol, 414.
America, disquiet of the English colonies in, i. 22;
precedent for France's aid to English colonies in, 23;
English measures against colonies in, 24;
Raynal's question concerning the discovery of, 137;
Marquis de Beauharnais in, 314;
collapse of French schemes of colonization in, ii. 237;
France looks to her possessions in, 280;
scheme for a Bourbon monarchy in, iii. 134, 141.
American Embargo Act of 1807, iii. 101-102, 274-275.
Americas, Emperor of the Two, iii. 120.
Amiens, the treaty of, ii. 211, 230-236, 243, 262-264, 266-274, 280, 284, 332, 351, 400; iii. 47; iv. [264].
Amsterdam, asked for loan of ten millions, ii. 154;
smuggled commerce of, iii. 265, 267;
Louis permitted to return to, 271;
removal of the capital to, 277;
march of French troops to, 276;
sends deputation to Paris, 380.
Amurrio, Gen. Victor at, iii. 183.
Anarchists, in France, ii. 134;
assassination schemes among, 239.
Anarchy, the seed of "a pure democracy," i. 397.
Ancients, Council of the, represent public sentiment, ii. 2;
members of, proscribed, 8;
Sieyès president of, 35;
join the Bonapartist ranks, 100;
give banquet to N. in St. Sulpice, 100;
share in Bonapartist plots, 101;
plots of the 18th Brumaire, 102 et seq.;
endeavor to postpone N.'s dictatorship, 112;
pass vote of confidence in N., 114;
adopts the Consulate, 123.
Ancona, capture of, i. 422;
importance of, 423;
N. at, 423;
N. proposes to seize, 447;
rise of, 447;
fall of, ii. 142;
Austrian occupation of, 182;
seized by French troops, 396;
annexed to Italy, iii. 69, 118.
Andalusia, Dupont advances toward, iii. 156;
withdrawal of troops from, 188;
Soult ordered to, 286.
Andernach, alteration of boundary at, ii. 21.
Andréossy, Gen. A. F., service in Egypt, ii. 53;
accompanies N. on his return from Alexandria, 81;
action on the 18th Brumaire, 105;
ambassador to London, 277;
despatch from N. to, 284;
reports Austrian activity, iii. 21;
influence in Vienna, 23.
Angély, Regnault de St. Jean d', dreads a new Terror, ii. 94;
member of the council of state, 152;
prophesies the undoing of France, iii. 325.
Angerburg, Lestocq at, iii. 8.
Anghiari, Provera crosses the Adige at, i. 410, 414.
Anglas, Boissy d', quells riot at the National Convention, i. 283.
Anglo-Saxon spirit of civilization, iv. [254].
Angoulême, Duchess of, affronts Madame Ney, iv. [148].
Angoulême, Duke of, proclaims Louis XVIII, at Bordeaux, iv. [87].
Anne, Grand Duchess, mentioned for marriage with N., iii. 179, 181;
N. seeks her hand in marriage, 248, 250.
Ansbach, Bernadotte's movements in, ii. 365, 376;
ceded to Bavaria, 390;
Augereau commanding in, 416;
French violation of territory, iii. 59;
military movements near, iv. [35].
Anselme, Gen., i. 191.
Antibes, recruits for N.'s army from, iv. [155].
Antilles, scheme for population of the, ii. 236.
Antommarchi, Dr. F., assists N. on his history, iv. [232];
N.'s physician, [232].
Antonelli, Cardinal, diplomatic duel with Portails, ii. 346.
Antraigues, Comte d', exposes Pichegru's treachery, ii. 5, 6;
furnishes pen portrait of N., 28, 29.
Antwerp, commercial key to central Europe, iv. [42];
N. "loses his crown for," [42];
refused to France by the allies, [67];
N. refuses to give up, [74];
N. concedes, to the allies, [87].
Aosta, arrival of Lannes at, ii. 171.
Apennines, military operations in the, i. 243, 352, 374; ii. 93.
Apolda, military movements near, ii. 432.
Apollonius of Tyana, N. compares Jesus Christ with, ii. 206.
Aqua tofana, plot to poison N. with, i. 418.
Arabia, N.'s attention turned toward, i. 78, 95.
Aragon, French occupation of, iii. 155;
military government of, 279;
captured by Suchet, 289;
French possession of, 377.
Aranjuez, the revolution at, iii. 135-144;
Charles IV's court at, 135, 136, 138.
Arc de Triomphe, erection of the, iii. 74.
Arch-Chancellor of State, creation of the office of, ii. 322.
Arch-Chancellor of the Empire, creation of the office of, ii. 322.
"Archive Russe," cited, i. 216.
Arch-Treasurer, creation of the office of, ii. 322.
Arcis-sur-Aube, Blücher advances on, iv. [58];
N. moves to, [85]-88;
battle of, [86], [92], [93];
proposed concentration of the allies at, [89];
retreat of the French from, [93];
N.'s retreat from, [95];
French capture of, [96].
Arcole, N. at, i. 393;
the lessons of, 394;
battle of, 389, 390, 399; ii. 140.
Ardennes Mountains, proposed boundaries for Germany, iii. 320;
military operations in the, iv. [170].
Ardon, loss of, iv. [79].
Aremberg, Duke of, marries Mlle. Tascher de la Pagerie, iii. 132.
Arena, Joseph, success of, in Isola Rossa, i. 119;
member of the National Assembly, 133;
banished to Italy, 162;
influence of, 233;
charged with conspiracy, ii. 235;
execution of, 241.
Arenberg, member of the Confederation of the Rhine, ii. 403.
Argenson, Comte d', suggests the Suez Canal, ii. 46.
Argenteau, Gen., defeated at Dego and Montenotte, i. 353.
Aristocrats, guillotining the, i. 251;
under the régime of the First Consul, ii. 258.
Arles, the canal of, ii. 349.
Armed neutrality, the, ii. 209-212;
Russia abandons the, 263.
Army (French), its relation to the throne, i. 67;
demoralization and discontent in, and desertions from, 67-69, 96, 112, 142, 173; iii. 4, 5, 224, 290, 291, 323, 326, 342, 360, 365, 372, 383, 402-404, 411, 412; iv. [4], [7], [12], [13], [19], [20], [22], [36], [62], [63], [69], [73], [83], [99], [101], [118], [122], [146], [147];
changes in the, i. 141-143;
compulsory service, 142, 143, 213;
reorganization of the, 149, 158, 159, 164;
regulations, 287;
political sentiments in, and influence of, 305, 347, 348, 426; ii. 4, 5, 102, 103, 235; iv. [118], [126];
N.'s relations with, care for, and reliance on, i. 362, 365, 366; ii. 29, 140, 153, 196, 248, 318, 361, 408; iii. 50, 325, 379, 380, 386, 387; iv. [50], [59], [123], [131], [137]; [219], [248], [249],
[255], [259], [260];
its prestige weakened by 18th Fructidor, ii. 22;
its mainsprings of action, 37;
importance of N.'s securing its adhesion, 102;
N.'s manifestos to, 159, 160;
contempt for the Concordat, 217;
quartered in foreign countries, 141;
disappearance of discontent in the, 318;
creation of marshals of France, 321;
conciliating the, 323;
its leaders, 364;
effect of Trafalgar on, 376;
effect of Austerlitz on, 394;
the army chest, 409, 410; iii. 295;
change in the personnel of the, 3;
venality of contractors, 4, 5;
improving the commissary, 7;
strengthening the, 22;
censorship of correspondence from the, 25;
founding of military factories, 25;
morale after Eylau, 45;
N.'s exhibitions of, to the Czar, 50;
pension system, 87;
military schools, 91;
its lust for sack and booty, 155, 224;
over-confidence in, 231;
the cantinière of Busaco, 291;
discipline in Spain, 292;
"Marshal Stockpot's" deserters, 291;
expense of maintenance, 295, 305;
its equipment for the Russian campaign of 1812, 333;
N.'s address to, before the Russian campaign, 334;
sufferings in Russia, 337, 357 et seq.;
vitality, 374;
wrath at N.'s desertion, 375;
scheme for supporting, 388;
quality of the new (1813), 401;
juvenile soldiers in, iv. [4], [5], [21];
corruption in the, [5];
lack of pay for, [5];
effect of long campaigning on the generals, [7];
dwindling numbers of, [20];
dearth of military supplies, [50];
ambition among the minor generals, [118];
revival of Bonapartist feeling among the, [148];
returns to N.'s standard, [158];
reorganization of, [165];
its morale at Waterloo, [198];
N.'s farewell address to the, [219].
See also [Conscription].
Army of Catalonia, service on the Rhine, iv. [55].
Army of Egypt, advances on Syria, ii. 68, 69;
abandoned by N. in Egypt, 80;
Adm. Bruix sent to relieve the, 79;
its desolate plight, 80, 81.
Army of England, the, creation of, ii. 24;
N. general of, 24, 35;
on the watch at Boulogne, 48;
the right wing of, 51;
strength, 290, 291;
ordered to march to the eastward, 362.
Army of Helvetia, incorporated into the Army of the Rhine, ii. 140.
Army of Holland, freed for active service, ii. 146.
Army of Italy, equipment of the, i. 196;
campaign in the Alps, 213;
N.'s service with and command of, 216, 224, 237, 255, 318-22, 342;
question of its sustenance, 239;
strength and organization, 240, 241;
N.'s plans for the, 245;
Corsicans in the, 252;
N.'s monograph on, 288;
promised booty, 339, 340, 344;
the question of its employment, 342, 343;
joined to that of the Pyrenees, 343;
destitution of, 344;
strength (1796), 346;
pillage in the, 351;
reinforced from Vendée, 387;
popularity of, 419;
growing arrogance of the, ii. 4;
reinforced by the Army of the Alps, 9;
speculations as to further employment, 32;
restrained from pillage, 42;
Moreau's service with, 72;
division of, and disaster, 87;
frauds in, 91;
commanded by Masséna, 140, 186;
scheme for raising money for, 154;
N.'s manifesto to, 159, 160;
its line of operations, 160;
service on the Rhine, iv. [55].
Army of Silesia, contemplated movement against, iv. [24];
contemplated movement of, [25].
Army of the Alps, Napoleon's plans for the, i. 245;
combined with Army of Italy, ii. 9.
Army of the Danube, under command of Jourdan, ii. 72.
Army of the East (Allies), iv. [3].
Army of the Elbe, formation of, iii. 393.
Army of the Interior, the, i. 298;
N. made second in command, 305;
N. reorganizes, 308;
1796, 345;
commanded by Augereau, ii. 7.
Army of the Main, formation of the, iii. 393.
Army of the Netherlands, service on the Rhine, iv. [55].
Army of the North, conquers the Austrian Netherlands, i. 273;
in 1796, 347;
operations on the Rhine, 434;
Barras's schemes in regard to, ii. 6.
Army of the North (Allies), in Brandenburg, iv. [3];
contemplated movement against the, [24].
Army of the Pyrenees, transferred to Maritime Alps, i. 342;
joined to that of Italy, 344;
service on the Rhine, iv. [55].
Army of the Reserve, ordered to Italy, ii. 163, 164;
expected to attack Melas, 170;
crosses the Alps, 169-173.
Army of the Rhine, the (French), N. seeks to join, i. 216;
N. fails of admission, 224;
commanded by Citizen Beauharnais, 314;
the question of its employment, 342;
fails to support N. in Italy, 435;
destitution of, ii. 6;
Augereau commander of, 7;
disbanded, 35;
Moreau commanding, 140;
N.'s manifesto to, 159;
contempt for the Concordat in, 235;
the San Domingo expedition selected from, 236;
N.'s method of quelling opposition in, 235-237;
weakened to ensure success in Italy, 296.
Army of the Rhine (Archduke Charles's), i. 425.
Army of the Sambre and Meuse, wins battle of Fleurus, i. 273;
campaigning in the Alps, 425;
brought to Paris, ii. 7.
Army of the South (Allies), iv. [3];
pursues Murat, [26];
Augereau attempts to hinder, [94];
Francis joins, at Lyons, [97].
Army of the Tyrol (Austrian), retreats to head waters of the Enns, iii. 216;
Archduke John ordered to join, 216.
Army of the Var, i. 191.
Army of the West, the, N. ordered to join, i. 263;
N. refuses to serve in, 279, 296;
under Hoche, 346;
reinforces the Army of Italy, 387;
freed for active service, ii. 146.
"Army Organization," N.'s essay on, iv. [232].
Arnault, A. V., reports N.'s speech to Barras, ii. 107;
"Memoirs" of, iii. 298;
records interview between Mme. de Staël and N., 298.
Arndt, E. M., member of the reform party in Prussia, ii. 416;
his war-cry of "Freedom and Austria," iii. 195;
inspires to German unity, 397.
Arrighi, Gen. J. T., wounded at Acre, ii. 76.
Art, N.'s plunder of works of, i. 368, 423, 446;
revival of, ii. 259;
N. advises encouragement of, 347.
"Art and History of War," N.'s essay on, ii. 340.
Artillery, N.'s study and use of, i. 48; ii. 178;
condition in 1796, 329;
its use at Wagram, iii. 229;
use of, at Leipsic, iv. [28], [33].
Artisan class, at outbreak of the Revolution, i. 102.
Artois, Count of, leads emigrant royalists against France, i. 298;
returns to England, 304;
schemes for the restoration of, ii. 239;
complicity in the Cadoudal conspiracy, 298;
refrains from entering France, 301;
doubtful courage of, 301-303;
suspected of plotting in Paris, 303;
N. determines to seize, 302;
his plots in Paris, 311;
supposed capture of, iv. [104];
enters Paris, [132];
reception in Lyons, [156].
Asia, France's interest in, ii. 16;
N.'s schemes of conquest in, 61;
Russia's ambition in, 154, 193;
England's vulnerability in, iii. 112;
proposed invasion of, 113;
N.'s scheme to drive Russia into, 332;
the partition of, iv. [298].
Asia Minor, proposed military operations in, iii. 114.
Aspern, the advantage of position at, ii. 179;
battle of, iii. 218-225, 231, 232;
monument in churchyard of, 223;
losses at, 224;
military operations near, 226;
captured by the Austrians, 228.
Assembly of Notables, i. 105.
Assyria, the history of, iv. [293].
Asti, topography of country near, ii. 178.
Astorga, British troops at, iii. 186, 188;
N. at, 188, 196;
Ney at, 188.
Astrakhan, proposed Indian expeditions via, ii. 209.
Asturias, rebellion in, iii. 154;
flight of Blake into, 185.
Asturias, Prince of, leads revolt against Godoy, iii. 70;
conspiracy of his father against his succession, 71, 127;
arrest of, 72, 126;
proposed French matrimonial alliance for, 71, 125, 133, 144;
character, popularity, and following, 124;
seeks N.'s aid, 125, 126;
mentions his mother's shame, 126;
commissions the Duke del Infantado, 126;
trial and release, 127;
pardoned by his father, 127;
Charles IV, abdicates in favor of, 136.
See also [Ferdinand VII].
Astyanax, the King of Rome likened to, iv. [91], [108].
Atheists, in the National Convention, i. 250.
Athies, capture and recapture of, iv. [80], [81].
Atlantic, N.'s mastery of ports on the, iii. 264.
Attila, N. likened to, i. 443.
Aube, River, military operations on the, iv. [58], [60], [74], [85], [86], [91], [93], [96].
Aubry, François, royalist intrigues by, i. 278;
N.'s vindictiveness toward, 287, 289.
Auerstädt, battle of, ii. 430-434;
Prussia's humiliation at, iii. 57;
Davout created Duke of, 86.
See also [Davout].
Augereau, Gen. P. C. F., a product of Carnot's system, i. 332;
general of division, Army of Italy, 345;
defeats Austrians at Millesimo, 353, 354;
at Lonato, 381;
battle of Bassano, 388;
at Verona, 388;
battle of Arcole, 380-391;
battle of Lonato, 393;
driven into Porto Legnago, 409;
the Rivoli campaign, 410, 414;
commanding Army of the Interior, ii. 7;
takes command in Paris, 7;
events of the 18th of Fructidor, 8;
commanding Army of the Rhine, 9;
opposes N., 35;
blunders in south-western Germany, 37;
commanding in the Pyrenees, 37, 44;
Jacobin candidate for supreme command, 94;
fails to attend banquet at St. Sulpice, 101;
offers services to N., 109;
position on the Main, 190;
dangerous position after Hohenlinden, 191;
at Concordat celebration at Notre Dame, 215;
victory at Castiglione, 323;
created marshal, 323;
plan of naval expedition for, 333;
commanding in Germany, 364;
exasperates the people of Ansbach, 416;
near Coburg, 428;
battle of Jéna, 429-431;
at Golynim, iii. 4;
strength in Poland, 7;
in the Eylau campaign, 13, 14-17;
wounded at Eylau, 17;
created Duke of Castiglione, 86;
income, 87;
service in Spain, 283;
in campaign of 1813, 402;
battle of Leipsic, iv. [32];
confronting Bubna at Geneva, [56];
sent to Eugène's assistance, [56];
waning loyalty of, [56], [59];
repulses Bubna from Lyons, [67];
moral exhaustion of, [72];
letter from N., [72];
driven back to Lyons, [81];
strength, [94];
incapacity, [94];
evacuates Lyons, [94];
N.'s kindness toward, [94];
contrasted with Suchet, [94];
strength, March, 1814, [102];
available forces, [118];
transfers allegiance to Louis XVIII, [133], [138];
meeting with N. near Valence, [138];
alleges patriotism as cause of his desertion, [138];
attainted, [157];
N.'s forgiveness for, [233].
Augsburg, military movements near, iii. 203, 205.
Augusta of Bavaria, marries Eugène de Beauharnais, ii. 399.
Aujezd, military operations at, ii. 388.
Aulic Council, i. 426, 430; ii. 160, 367.
Austerlitz, battle of, ii. 379 et seq., 423;
the lessons of, 391, 392; iii. 341;
"the sun of," ii. 392; iii. 343;
reception of the news in England, ii. 393;
meeting of the sovereigns after, iii. 38;
fruits of the battle, 109;
Talleyrand's policy after, 125;
N.'s terms after, 164;
Alexander's pliableness after, 351;
the battle compared with that at Leipsic, iv. [37];
interview between Francis and N. at, [30].
Austerlitz, Bridge of, in Paris, iii. 74.
Austin, John, on the Napoleonic Code, ii. 223.
Austria, hampered by alliances, i. 22;
campaign against France, 65;
France declares war against, 172, 187;
relations (alliances and negotiations for mutual support) with Prussia, 174; ii. 389, 414; iii. 225, 235, 320, 331;
captures Lafayette, i. 179;
effect of military successes, 194;
military operations against, in Piedmont, 213;
partition of Poland, 220, 425;
Masséna's campaign against, 243;
opening of hostilities against, 243;
enters Genoese territory, 245;
cessation of operations against, 261;
defeated at Weissenburg and Fleurus, 273;
driven out of Alsace, 273;
relations with England (alliances and negotiations with, and subsidies from), 277, 434; ii. 156, 160, 187, 188, 351, 358, 369; iii. 104, 165, 194, 195, 198, 225, 422; iv. [76], [145], [164];
armistice between France and, i. 278;
French schemes against, 293;
defeated by Prussia, 325;
hostility to France, 325;
relations (alliances and negotiations for mutual support) with Russia, 325, 425; ii. 45, 61, 72, 312, 355, 357, 360, 363; iii. 178, 311, 328, 331, 385, 419;
question of military operations against, i. 342;
operations in Piedmont in 1794, 341;
plans for overthrow of, 346;
forces of, separated from Sardinians, 350;
N. dictates terms to, at Leoben, 350;
military operations in Lombardy, 352-362;
defeated at Montenotte, 353;
army separated from Piedmontese, 354;
crushed at Lodi, 360, 361;
violates Venetian neutrality, 361, 371;
treaty with Venice, 371;
outgeneraled by N. at Mantua, 372;
the system of cabinet campaigning in vogue in, 378;
interest in possession of Mantua, 379;
losses in campaign before Mantua, 383;
temporary cessation of hostilities between France and, 392;
France's interest in the humiliation of, 398;
military enthusiasm in, 406;
fourth attempt to retrieve position in Italy, 406;
Spain allied with France against, 421;
precarious condition of foreign relations, 424;
magnificence of her opposition to France, 426;
covets Venetian territory, 428;
reoccupies Triest and Fiume, 435;
England blamed for trouble between France and, 435;
treaty of Leoben, 436-441;
seeks to retain Modena, 270;
secures possession of Venetia, 437-442; ii. 38;
proposes to recognize the French republic, i. 439;
defeated by Hoche on the Rhine, 439, 440;
rupture of the coalition with England, 441;
N. offers Venice to, 446;
influence of N. in, 448;
desires restoration of the Milanese, 451;
schemes of European reorganization, 451; iii. 22, 41, 50, 109, 195;
Gen. Clarke's mission to, i. 451;
releases Lafayette, 457;
N. has free hand in negotiations with, ii. 7;
final negotiations with, 10;
activity of, 9;
treaty of Campo Formio, 19-21;
Carnot's desire for peace with, 19;
Venice seeks to continue war with, 24;
Congress of Rastatt, 27, 89, 191, 264;
humiliation of, 37, 265, 440; iii. 104, 211, 213, 251, 254-256;
attitude of Frederick the Great toward, ii. 41;
acquisition of Swiss territory, 40;
to be restrained from interference in Rome, 42;
declines reciprocity with France, 42;
favors secularization of ecclesiastical principalities, 41;
disturbed feeling in, 42, 43;
Bernadotte's embassy to, 42, 43, 51;
France's demands on, concerning the Bourbons, 43;
strained relations between France and, 43;
alliance with Turkey, 72;
violates the Helvetian Republic, 72;
relations (strained or hostile) with Prussia, 86, 264, 361; iii. 21, 44; iv. [41], [57], [58];
scheme to dismember Bavaria, ii. 88;
military operations on the Adige, 91;
military operations on the Rhine, 91, 93;
joins the second coalition, 90, 136, 142, 143;
defeats Masséna at Zürich, and Joubert at Novi, 93;
incurs the ill-will of Paul I, 142, 193, 209;
holdings in Italy, 145;
duplicity with Russia, 145;
Russia incensed at, 154;
France's services to Prussia against, 154;
military situation at beginning of 1800, 160;
Moreau ordered to move against, 164;
system of tactics pursued by, 165;
defeated at Engen, 166;
successes in Italy, 170;
quality of her troops, 178;
battle of Marengo, 178-185;
negotiates for peace, 182, 187;
agrees to evacuate northern Italy, 182;
armistice between France and, 182, 188;
interest to abandon England, 187;
N. proposes general armistice to, 187;
seeks concessions in Italy, 189;
raises new troops, 188;
N. determines to prosecute the war with, 189;
position behind the Inn, 190;
signs peace of Lunéville, 192;
her line in Italy, as fixed at Lunéville, 193;
armistice of Steyer, 192;
battle of Hohenlinden, 192;
signs separate peace, 192;
loss of power, 194;
the spiritual principalities in, 193;
Russia's jealousy of, 194;
aspirations concerning Bavaria, 194;
ecclesiastical influence in, 264;
share in redistributions of 1802, 265, 266;
Ney's check on, 272;
proposed occupation of Malta by, 285;
N.'s preparations for striking, 291;
truckles to France, 311;
withdraws troops from Swabia, 311;
acquiesces in creation of French empire, 320;
represented at N.'s court at Aachen, 329;
N.'s designs against, 334, 336, 347;
recuperating, 347;
pretext for war between France and, 352;
Francis's title and powers curtailed, 352;
the sanitary cordon, 355;
popular dislike of Russia in, 355;
Alexander's scheme for compensating, 355;
apprehensions of losing Venice, 357;
falls into N.'s trap, 358;
army reforms, 358;
mobilizes troops, 358;
her ambitions, 358;
her disarmament demanded, 361;
N. threatens to march to Vienna, 361;
abused in Paris newspapers, 361;
declaration of war against, 362;
declares war against France, Sept. 3, 1805, 363;
strength, 363;
her line of defense, 365;
popular opinion of N. in, 366;
capitulation of Ulm, 367;
junction of troops at Marburg, 367;
outgeneraled by N., 377;
drives the Elector of Bavaria from Munich, 377;
battle of Austerlitz, 381 et seq.;
ill feeling between Russia and, 381;
threatened with loss of Venetia and the Tyrol, 389;
accepts N.'s terms for an armistice, 389;
N.'s scheme to crush, 390;
suspected bribery of Talleyrand by, 390;
pays war indemnity to France, 390;
cessions by, 390;
acquires Salzburg and Berchtesgaden, 391;
surrenders Venice to France, 390;
losses at Austerlitz, 392;
stripped of leadership, 394;
neutralization of her power, 402;
Francis I declares himself hereditary emperor, 404;
protector of Ragusa, 405;
demoralization of the army, 419;
rehabilitation of, 440;
neutrality between Russia and Turkey, 441;
anxiety concerning Polish lands, 444;
offer of Silesia to, 445; iii. 22;
resolves on neutrality, ii. 445;
Turko-Persian alliance against, iii. 20;
N. proposes alliance with, 21, 22;
hostile preparations, 21;
proposal for a new coalition, 21;
proposes to act as mediator, 22;
shrewd attitude of, 23;
throws troops on frontier of Galicia, 23;
omitted from the Continental Olympus, 41;
N.'s object to humiliate, 44;
interest in Poland, 45;
partition of, 49, 55;
her position after Tilsit, 56;
proposed commercial war against England, 55;
offended dignity of, 65;
treaty of Fontainebleau, Oct. 10, 1807, 104;
outward subserviency to France, 104;
N.'s attitude toward, 104;
military reorganization of, 103, 164, 166, 198, 199;
proposed neutralization of, 113;
the situation in, 117;
awakening of the national spirit in, 137;
encouraged to revolt, 159, 163-165, 178;
effect of the Bayonne negotiations on, 163 et seq.;
hereditary rivalry with France, 164;
belligerent tone in, 165, 178, 193, 195;
necessity for her repression, 167;
N. and Alexander remonstrate with, 167-169;
N. proposes alliance with, 169;
to be held in check by Russia, 169;
compact between Russia and France against, 169;
Russia urged to occupy part of, 177;
transformation of, 192 et seq.;
the German movement in, 193;
opportunity to lead a revolt against N., 195;
failure of negotiations with France, 198;
change of plan of campaign, 198, 204;
Napoleonic ideas in, 200;
Archduke Charles's proclamations, 200;
intoxicated with success, 201;
the fifth war with, 202 et seq.;
her aggressions, 213;
extinguishment of her hopes in Italy, 215;
claims the battle of Aspern, 223;
losses at Wagram, 230;
plague in her army, 237;
to reduce her army, 238;
cession of territory, 239;
N.'s terms of peace, 239;
N. contemplates alliance with, 238, 245, 249;
reduced to a second-class power, 239, 251, 254, 255;
desire to assassinate N. in, 240;
recognizes N.'s acquisitions in Spain, Portugal, and Italy, 239;
joins the Continental System, 239;
N. chooses a matrimonial alliance with the House of, 246;
necessity of placating, 254;
good feeling toward France, 254;
democratic tendencies in, 256;
distribution of the lands taken from, 266;
brought into the Napoleonic system, 268;
bankruptcy of, 304;
alliance with France, 310, 311;
interest in stirring up strife between France and Russia, 313;
pro-Russian party in, 313, 314;
N.'s reply to Francis's request for assistance, 314;
Alexander seeks the favor of, 316;
foments hostile feeling between Russia and France, 316;
seeks territorial aggrandizement at expense of Turkey, 316;
contemplates neutrality, 320;
overawed by N.'s preparations, 320;
contributes troops to the French army, 320;
stipulates for territorial enlargement, 320;
furnishes troops for Russian campaign of 1812, 320;
agricultural distress in, 328;
acquires Galicia, 331;
attitude of her troops toward Russia, 342;
N. suspicious of, 382;
narrow escape at Essling, 383;
Alexander seeks alliance with, 384;
value of her alliance to France, 390;
Roman Catholic influence in, 390;
proposed surrender of Illyria to, 392, 407, 415;
hostility to N. in, 394, 395;
Saxony turns toward, 394, 399;
Metternich's diplomatic schemes for, 395;
refuses to enter coalition against France, 396;
N. offers to subsidize, 395;
N. seeks aid from, to check Kutusoff, 395;
proposes to act as mediator, 395, 407-411, 415, 416, 419, 420;
wooed for the coalition, 398;
secret agreement with Saxony, 399;
rejects N.'s offer of Silesia, 400;
hostile neutrality of, 403;
N.'s attitude toward, 403;
pivotal in European politics, 403, 409, 411;
growing strength, 403, 419-423;
abandoned by Saxony, 407;
proposed surrender of Dalmatia to, 407;
proposed rectification of her western frontier, 407;
outwits N., 412, 424; iv. i, 13;
gathers troops in Bohemia, iii. 413-414;
the allies' reliance on, 415;
fear of N., 415;
Nesselrode demands her adherence to the coalition, 415;
aggrandizement by royal marriages, 416;
to be pledged never to side with France, 415;
proposed enlargement of, 416;
secret treaty of Reichenbach, 415, 418, 422;
throws off the mask of mediator, 419;
duplicity of, 419;
regeneration of, 419;
seeks to regain ascendancy in Germany and Italy, 423;
N.'s agents in, 422;
N. attempts to bribe, 423, 424;
declares war, 423;
Hamburg and Triest offered to, 424;
takes the lead among the allies, iv. [6];
strength, [6];
N. seeks alliance with, [13], [17];
saved by Schwarzenberg from invasion, [18];
N. offers terms to, [21];
scheme to restore status of 1805, [22];
concludes alliance of Sept. 9, 1813, [22];
seeks to regain predominance in Italy, [30];
rise of her Prussian rival, [37];
desires peace, [41];
demands Italian territory, [41];
at the Congress at Frankfort, [41];
troops on the Rhine, [54]-56;
forms alliance with Murat, [56];
the Czar's designs to check, [67];
violates Swiss neutrality, [68];
suspicious slowness of her movements, [68];
eager for an armistice, [70], [71],
[75];
N. endeavors to separate Russia from, [75];
treaty of Chaumont, [76];
the triple alliance, [76];
attitude toward N., [89];
N.'s dread of capture of the Empress by, [91];
party to the treaty of Fontainebleau (April, 1814), [133];
weight of her yoke in Italy, [143];
negotiates secret treaty with England and France, [145];
invited to take part in the coronation of the King of Rome, [157];
member of the Vienna Coalition, [164];
quota of troops, [164];
refuses help to France, [165];
the campaign of the Hundred Days, [170] et seq.;
claims the glory of annihilating N., [214];
claims the right of overseeing the imprisonment of N., [215];
loss of Italian territory, [300].
Austria-Hungary, the rise of, iv, [299], [300].
Austrian Netherlands, the, defeat of the French in, i. 172;
the revolutionary spirit in, 187;
Dumouriez's successes in, 194;
French conquest, of, 273;
surrendered to France, ii. 21.
See also [Belgium].
Autun, N. at, i. 30, 46, 48-50; iv. [157];
the Buonapartes at, i. 46;
Talleyrand bishop of, ii. 33.
Auxerre, military movements near, iv. [60];
Imperial forces at, [102];
Ney rejoins N. at, [157].
Auxonne, N. at, i. 94, 96, 111, 112, 141, 144-147, 223;
disturbances in, 111, 112, 152;
N. seeks to be retained at, 149.
Avignon, the Girondists at, i. 214;
N. arrives before, 214;
Jacobin siege of, 214;
N.'s life at, 214, 215;
annexed to France, 422;
the Pope asks compensation for the loss of, ii. 216;
lost to the Pope at the peace of Tolentino, 326;
residence of Pius VII at, 391;
Augereau's neglected guns at, iv. [94];
plots to assassinate N. at, [138].
Azanza, M. J. de, King Joseph's Spanish minister at Paris, iii. 282;
Azara, Chevalier J. N. de, represents Spain at Amiens, ii. 262;
at the Tuileries, March 13, 1803, 283.
Azores, proposition to deport the Emperor to, iv. [145].
B
Babylon, the history of, iv. [293].
Bacciocchi, Mme., literary coterie, ii. 258;
acquires the duchy of Lucca, 354.
See also [Buonaparte, Marie-Anne-Elisa].
Bacciocchi, Pasquale, marries Elisa Buonaparte, i. 322.
Bachelu in battle of Waterloo, iv. [199], [204].
Bacon, Francis, N.'s study of, ii. 53.
Badajoz, Soult's capture of, iii. 286;
English siege and storming of, 289-291, 319.
Baden, violation of her neutrality, i. 179; ii. 331, 363;
makes peace with France (1796), i. 385, 450;
relations with Russia, ii. 266;
strengthening of, 266;
residence of the Duc d'Enghien in, 301;
French expedition to, 304;
news of the Duc d'Enghien's arrest in, 305;
friendly relations with France, 377;
acquires territory after Austerlitz, 391;
subservience to France, 394, 402;
created a separate kingdom, 398;
member of the Confederation of the Rhine, 403;
supplies contingent for N.'s army, ii. 404; iii. 322;
allotment of Austrian lands to, 266;
turns from N. to the allies, iv. [40];
position in Germany, [298].
Bagration, Gen. Peter, holds Murat at Hollabrunn, ii. 379;
in battle of Austerlitz, 387;
in campaign of Eylau, iii. 14;
called in by Barclay de Tolly, 335;
movements on the Dnieper and Pripet, 336;
contemplated junction with Barclay, 336;
establishes communication with Drissa, 336;
driven east by Davout, 338;
junction with Barclay at Smolensk, 336, 338;
plan of junction with Barclay at Vitebsk, 338;
battle of Smolensk, 339.
Bailly, Jean Sylvain, mayor of Paris, i. 109.
Balcombe, Mr., entertains N. at St. Helena, iv. [229].
Balearic Isles, N. offers them to England, ii. 404, 405.
Balkan Peninsula, Russia's ambitions in, iii. 310;
rescue of the people of, iv. [300].
Baltic Sea, the, England's operations in and on, ii. 209, 210; iii. 24, 35, 36, 98, 117;
gateway of, 69;
Spanish military movements on, 149;
N.'s mastery of ports on, 266;
efficient blockade of, impossible, 280.
Baltimore, Jerome Bonaparte's residence in, ii. 257.
Bamberg, Austrian troops at, ii. 365;
N.'s military route through, 422;
concentration of troops in, iii. 203.
Bank of England, suspends specie payments, i. 456;
scarcity of money in, iii. 304.
Bank of France, organization of, ii. 135, 219;
the Récamiers and the, 411, 412;
compelled to lower its rate, iii. 74;
plethora of silver in, 304.
Barbary, plots of the pirates to seize N., iv. [150].
Barbé-Marbois, F., proscribed, ii. 8;
minister of finance, 214;
state treasurer, 220;
minister of the treasury, 410.
Barbets, guerrilla bands of, i. 373.
Barcelona, French troops at, iii. 132;
Duhesme besieged in, 183;
besieged by Vives, 184.
Barclay de Tolly, M. A., proposed movement against, iii. 335;
calls in Bagration, 335;
retreats to Drissa, 336;
junction with Bagration at Smolensk, 336-338;
plans to meet Bagration at Vitebsk, 338;
battle of Smolensk, 338-340;
takes stand behind the Uscha, 340;
retreats toward Moscow, 339;
charged with German bias, 342;
succeeded by Kutusoff, 343;
retained as military adviser, 343;
restored to chief command, 399, 410;
battle of Bautzen, 411;
with the Army of the South, iv. [3];
battle of Leipsic, [28];
advises pursuit of N., [98].
Barère, Bertrand, exiled, ii. 356.
"Bargain of Famine," the, i. 96, 101.
Barham, Adm., naval administration of, ii. 370.
Baring, Major, in battle of Waterloo, iv. [201], [204].
Barnabe, declares Brumaire illegal, ii. 235.
Barras, Jean-Paul-François-Nicolas, relations with N. and influence on his career, i. 225, 236, 289, 293, 296, 299, 319, 329; ii. 22, 31, 35; iv. [220], [285], [288];
in siege of Toulon, i. 231;
opposes Robespierre, 251;
influence among the Thermidorians, 254;
leader of military committee of the Convention, 272;
a Dantonist, 289;
in social life, 290, 329;
commander-in-chief of Convention forces, 299;
claims the honors of the 13th Vendémiaire, 301, 303;
resigns his command, 305;
member of the Directory, 309, 332;
character, 309, 329; ii. 35, 91;
intimacy with Josephine Beauharnais, i. 315;
connection with N.'s marriage, 317;
bribed by Venetian ambassador, 440;
dissatisfied with treaty of Leoben, 441;
learns of Pichegru's treachery, ii. 6;
plan to bring troops to Paris, 6;
clamors for peace, 19;
derides Carnot's suggestions, 19;
responsibility for the 18th Fructidor, 22;
responsibility for the 13th Vendémiaire, 22;
approves the treaty of Campo Formio, 24;
charged with tampering with Bernadotte, 43;
intrigue with N., Talleyrand, and Sieyès for a new constitution, 49;
suggests that N. assume a dictatorship, 49;
warns N. to leave France for Egypt, 52;
resignation and fall of, 101, 107, 115, 119;
N.'s charges against, before the Ancients, 113.
Barry, Mme. du, relations with Talleyrand, ii. 33.
Bar-sur-Aube, military movements near, iv. [60], [74], [90], [96], [104];
narrow escape of Francis at, [95];
N.'s march through, [104].
Bar-sur-Ornain, Oudinot at, iv. [103].
Bartenstein, French occupation of, iii. 12;
military movements near, 15;
treaty of, iii. 22, 23, 36.
Barthélemy, F., member of the Directory, ii. 1;
imprisonment of, 8.
Basel, treaty of, i. 276; ii. 204; iii. 124;
alteration of boundary at, ii. 21;
republican propaganda in, 40;
invasion of France via, iv. [57], [58];
headquarters of the allies at, [66];
Schwarzenberg's communications with, threatened, [95];
tomb of Erasmus in, [247].
Bassano, defeat of Wurmser at, i. 384;
Alvinczy defeats Masséna at, 386, 387;
battle of, 386, 387;
creation of hereditary duchy of, ii. 396;
Maret created Duke of, iii. 87.
See also [Maret].
Basseville, N. J. H., killed in Rome, i. 261, 375, 422.
Bastia, made a seat of government, i. 25;
N. at, 90;
radical influences in, 116;
patriot success in, 120;
tradition concerning N.'s connection with events at, 120;
share in annexation of Corsica to France 122;
Paoli's return to, 125;
revolutionary movements in, 131;
declared the capital of Corsica, 134;
disorders in, 162;
N. sails from, May 2, 1792, 171;
N. flees to, 202;
under domination of Salicetti, 204;
French power in, 207;
imprisonment of Corsicans in, 252;
English capture of, 260;
Nelson at, ii. 62.
Bastille, the, destruction of, i. 108, 109, 158;
celebrations of the storming of, 174; ii. 195.
Batavian Republic, the, formation of, i. 276;
an appanage of France, 325;
naval defeat at Camperdown, ii. 38;
dependence on France, 38;
levy of troops and war material on, 38;
Anglo-Russian force forced to evacuate, 93;
loyalty to N., 146;
a new constitution for, 233;
regains colonies, 233, 262;
English efforts to discredit France in, 264.
See also [Holland]; [Netherlands].
"Battle of Dorking," ii. 290.
Battle of Five Days, iii. 210.
"Battle of the Nations," iv. [37].
Bautzen, battle of, iii. 410, 411; iv. [4];
fatal results of the French victory at, iii. 411;
N. moves toward, iv. [17];
the Young Guard ordered to, [17];
N. nicknamed from, [20];
boy soldiers at, [21];
the armistice after, [42].
"Bautzen Messenger-Boy," the, iv. [20].
Bavaria, treaty with France (1796), i. 450;
Austria's gaze on, 325; ii. 194, 358, 363;
Austria's scheme to dismember, 88;
Suvaroff driven from Italy to, 142;
Moreau ordered to drive the Austrians into, 164;
the campaign in, 190 et seq.;
negotiations with France, 211;
acquires Passau, 266;
relations with Russia, 266;
Alexander I's scheme of giving to Austria, 356;
N. threatens to enlarge, 361, 390;
Austrian troops in, 365;
the Elector driven from Munich by Austria, 377;
friendly relations with, subservience and military support to France, 377, 394, 402, 404, 422; iii. 3, 195, 203, 279, 322, 387;
acquires Ansbach, ii. 390;
created a separate kingdom, 389, 391, 398;
acquires territory after Austerlitz, 390;
member of the Confederation of the Rhine, 403;
joins in the war against Prussia, 422;
defeated at Innsbruck, iii. 201;
N.'s success in, 225;
Maria Louisa's progress through, 256;
allotment of Austrian lands to, 266;
losses of her soldiers in Russia, 337;
Roman Catholic influence in, 390;
hesitates to furnish new levies, 394;
Augereau commanding troops of, 402;
national spirit in, iv. [19];
revulsion of feeling against France, [19], [22], [26], [40], [56];
part in the campaign at Leipsic, [35];
position in Germany, [298], [299];
battle of Hanau, [35];
the campaign of Waterloo [69], et seq.
Bayanne, Cardinal, at Paris, iii. 68;
his demands on behalf of the Pope, 118.
Baylen, capitulation of, Dupont at, iii. 157, 159, 166.
Bayonne, formation of new French army at, iii. 120, 126, 132;
N. goes to, 142;
Ferdinand VII at, 144;
trial of Ferdinand at, 145;
end of negotiations at, 147;
convocation of Spanish notables at, 149;
ultimate failure of N.'s work at, 151;
N. at, Nov. 3, 1808, 184;
effect of negotiations at, 185;
the decree of 1808, 274;
Soult shut up in, iv. [40].
Bayreuth, N. at, ii. 422;
Ney at, 428;
Davout's force in, iii. 202.
"Beaucaire, the Supper of," i. 216, 219.
Beauderet, military movements near, iv. [185].
Beauharnais, Marquis Alexandre de, marriage to Josephine de la Pagerie, i. 313;
service in America, 314;
separated from his wife, 314;
commander of the Army of the Rhine, 314;
partial reconciliation with Josephine, 314;
elected to States-General, 314;
president of National Assembly, 314;
denunciation, imprisonment, and execution, 314.
Beauharnais, Eugène de, birth of, i. 313;
early life, 315;
interposes to reconcile Josephine and N., ii. 85;
viceroy at Milan, 258;
ordered to organize troops on the Adige, 362;
marries Augusta of Bavaria, 399;
expels the English from Leghorn, iii. 67;
letter from N. to, 68;
presents ultimatum to Pius VII, 68;
formally adopted by N., 130;
viceroy of Italy, 130;
defeated by Archduke John, 201;
letter from N. to, 208;
commanding in Italy, 211;
character, 211;
at Villach, 217;
at Bruck, 225;
drives Archduke John into Hungary, 226;
battle of Wagram, 228;
guards the Marchfeld, 235;
executes Hofer's sentence, 241;
offers amnesty to the Tyroleans, 241;
informs Josephine of the impending divorce, 246;
share in the Austrian marriage negotiations, 253;
acquires principality of Frankfort, 266;
viceroy of Italy, 279;
a grand duchy created for, 322;
strength of his corps, March, 1812, 324;
contemplated movement by, 336;
battle of Borodino, 344;
defeats Kutusoff at Malojaroslavetz, 355;
battle of Wiazma, 360;
the hero of the retreat from Moscow, 362, 363;
at Krasnoi, 364;
junction with Ney, 364;
succeeds Murat in command, 385, 393;
reorganizes the army, 393;
withdraws to Berlin, 393;
retires behind the Elbe, 393;
establishes headquarters at Leipsic, 393;
N.'s instructions to, 393;
to guard Holland, 393;
Alexander advances against, 395;
strength in the Saxon campaign of 1813, 402;
junction with N., 404;
ordered to raise a new army in Italy, 407, 414;
driven over the Adige by Hiller, iv. [39];
checkmated in Italy, [56];
battle of Roverbello, [56];
concludes armistice, [56].
Beauharnais, François de, French minister at Madrid, connection with Ferdinand's conspiracy, iii. 127;
conducts intrigues for the Portuguese throne, 129;
opens the eyes of Godoy, 132;
advises Ferdinand to go to Bayonne, 142.
Beauharnais, Hortense, birth of, i. 313;
early life, 315;
interposes to reconcile Josephine and N., ii. 85;
marries Louis Bonaparte, 257; iii. 269.
See also [Buonaparte, Hortense].
Beauharnais, Josephine, social life in Paris, i. 290;
N.'s infatuation for, and marriage, 312-323; ii. 341;
birth and early life, i. 313-315;
characteristics, 313-320;
imprisonment, 315;
returns to Martinique, 313;
returns to France, 314;
intimacy with Barras, 315.
See also [Bonaparte, Josephine].
Beauharnais family, proposed alliance between Ferdinand VII and, iii, 125-128;
share in the Austrian marriage negotiations, 253.
Beaulieu, J. P., commanding Austrian army in Lombardy, i. 352-361;
attacks Laharpe at Voltri, 352, 353;
falls back on Acqui, 354;
N.'s operations against, 355-366;
military genius, 358;
defense of Milan, 358-361;
outflanked at Piacenza, 359;
retreats to the Mincio, 361;
seizes Peschiera, 361, 372;
thwarts N.'s plan, 361;
violates Venetian neutrality, 372;
his army scattered, 378.
Beaumont, military operations near, iv. [170].
Becker, Gen., accompanies N. to Rochefort, iv. [219];
urges N.'s value as a general, [219].
Beet-root sugar, production encouraged, iii, 79;
N.'s interest in, 304.
Belce, Canon, vice-president of the Directory of Corsica, i. 133.
Belgium, proposals to establish a republic in, i. 194;
plunder of works of art from, 369;
N.'s policy concerning, 429;
ceded to France by treaty of Leoben, 438;
England's efforts to release, 450;
France's interest in, 450;
England's concessions as to, ii. 12;
incorporated with France, 153;
the Code Napoléon in, 223;
public works in, 349;
visit of N. and Maria Louisa to, iii. 269;
mediocrity of soldiers of, iv. [20];
the allies refuse to give the country to France, [67];
N. entreated to abandon, [70];
N. refuses to give up, [74];
campaign of Waterloo, [169] et seq.;
provisions for defense of, [172];
weakness of her troops, [195], [201].
See also [Austrian Netherlands].
Belle Alliance, French van at, iv. [190];
N. at, [193], [194], [196];
topography, [195];
the French position at, [196];
fighting at, [210].
Bellegarde, Gen. H. de, supersedes Melas, ii. 188;
on the Mincio, 188.
"Bellerophon," the, Napoleon embarks on, iv. [220], [221], [222], [287];
sails for Torbay, [221];
goes to Plymouth Sound, [222];
in Torbay, [227].
Bellesca, organizes rebellion in favor of Don John, iii. 122.
Belleville, defense of, iv. [109], [110].
Belliard, Gen. A. D., carries the news of surrender of Paris to the Emperor, iv. [105], [115];
advises a return to Lorraine, [116];
transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, [132].
Bellingham, John, assassinates Mr. Perceval, iii. 378.
Bellinzona, Austrian force at, ii. 170;
Moncey arrives at, 172.
Bellowitz, military operations near, ii. 386.
Belluno, Lusignan driven beyond, i. 432;
creation of hereditary duchy of, ii. 395;
Victor created Duke of, iii. 86.
See also [Victor].
Belt, the, difficulties of Bernadotte's crossing the, iii. 117.
Belbedere, Gen., forces near Burgos, iii. 184.
Benevento, Talleyrand created Prince of, ii. 396
(see also [Talleyrand]);
destruction of magazines at, iii. 188.
Bennigsen, Gen. L. A. T., assassin of Paul I, ii. 380;
commanding Russian forces at Breslau, 380;
battle of Pultusk, iii. 4, 8;
general-in-chief of the Russian army, 8, 9;
position at Szuczyn, 8;
turns back Ney from Königsberg, 8;
attempts to reach Dantzic, 9;
attempts to destroy Ney, 10;
defeated at Mohrungen, 10;
military genius, 9, 27;
campaign of Eylau, 13 et seq.;
captures French courier at Eylau, 14;
retreats to Königsberg, 18;
hampered for men and funds, 20;
moves against Ney on the Passarge, 28;
retires behind the Alle, 29;
strength, summer of 1807, 28;
battle of Heilsberg, 29;
injurious delays by, 30;
battle of Friedland, 31;
abandons Heilsberg, 32;
confesses defeat, 32;
retreats across the Niemen, 31;
reinforcements for, 32;
proposes an armistice, 34, 36;
commanding in Poland, iv. [3];
reaches Teplitz, [22];
in battle of Leipsic, [32].
Berchtesgaden, apportioned to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, ii. 266;
ceded to Austria, 391;
embodied in the Confederation of the Rhine, iii. 239.
Beresina, battle of, compared with that of Friedland, iv. [37].
Beresina, River, the crossing of the, iii. 363, 366, 374.
Berg, Grand Duchy of, quota of men, ii. 404;
French seizure of lands near, 420;
vassalage to France recognized at Tilsit, iii. 54;
the Grand Duchess quarrels with Queen Hortense, 179;
scheme to incorporate it with France, 266;
Louis Napoleon created Grand Duke, 279;
the French regency of, 421;
French influence in, 423.
Bergamo, the revolutionary movement in, i. 428, 436, 437.
Bergen, battle of, ii. 93.
Bergères, Blücher retreats to, iv. [65].
Berlier, M., assists in preparation of the Code, ii. 222.
Berlin, consternation in (1797-98), ii. 41;
Sieyès' mission to, 41;
French party in, 155;
the visits of Alexander I to, 376, 438;
war feeling in, ii. 417;
N. refuses to treat outside of, 435;
N.'s entry into, 438;
N. receives Polish deputation in, 444;
French occupation of, iii. 12;
centralization in, 374;
Eugène at, 393;
the Prussian court removed to Breslau from, 396;
patriotism in the university, 398;
defense of, 399;
proposed allotment of, to Jerome, 409;
threatened by Oudinot, 413;
England's diplomacy in, 417;
French demonstrations against, iv. [2];
Bülow commanding at, [3];
overestimate of its strategical value, [5];
Blücher's road to, blocked by Lauriston, [8];
failure of Oudinot and Macdonald in movements against, [13]-20;
N. determines to march on, [17], [18];
possible movement toward, [26].
Berlin Decree, the, ii. 441; iii. 45, 48, 49, 101, 119, 273, 321.
Berlin University, iii. 103.
Bern, treaty of Leoben to be ratified at, i. 439;
proposed congress at, ii. 19, 20;
capture of the city, 40;
French intervention in, 40;
the plundering of, 40;
French military arrogance in, 41;
attempt to restore the constitution of, iv. [68].
Bernadotte, Gen. J. B. J., military successes of, i. 273;
a product of Carnot's system, 332;
commanding Army of the Sambre and Meuse, 426;
storms Gradisca, 433;
communicates Pichegru's treachery to Barras, ii. 6;
ambassador to Austria, 42, 51;
charges of venality concerning his mission, 43;
recalled, 43;
characteristics, 43, 93; iii. 317; iv. [2], [3], [55];
marries Désirée Clary, ii. 43; iii. 280;
ordered to the middle Rhine, ii. 87;
develops the conscription schemes of Carnot, 93;
secretary of war, 93;
counterplots on the 18th Brumaire, 109;
plans to head a force at St. Cloud, 109;
created marshal, 323;
ordered to Göttingen, 362;
commanding in Germany, 365;
marches to Ingolstadt, 365;
watches the Russian army, 366;
violates Prussian neutrality at Ansbach, 376;
in battle of Austerlitz, 383-385;
Prince of Ponte Corvo, 396; iii. 86;
at Lobenstein, ii. 428;
defeats Hohenlohe at Schleiz, 428;
at Naumburg, 429;
absence from Jéna and Auerstädt, 432;
relations with N., 432; iii. 280, 317;
at Apolda, ii. 434;
defeats Prussians at Halle, ii. 436;
sacks Lübeck, ii, 440;
strength in Poland, iii. 7;
position at Elbing, 8;
action at Mohrungen, 10;
escapes to Gilgenburg, 10;
threatens Königsberg, 10;
in campaign of Eylau, 13;
threatens Denmark, 69;
Denmark yields to, 70;
income, 87;
fails to join the Russian forces in Finland, 117;
restrains Spanish operations on the Baltic, 149;
his advance-guard of Spanish troops, 159;
troops in Bremen, Hamburg, and Lübeck, 202;
to concentrate in Dresden, 203;
ordered to Linz, 216, 225;
relieved by Lefebvre at Linz, 225;
in battle of Wagram, 228, 230;
disgraced at Wagram, 228, 237;
heads troops for service in the Netherlands, 237;
kindly treatment of Pomerania, 280;
failure on the Marchfeld, 281;
chosen as successor to Charles XIII, 280;
installation at Stockholm, 281;
assumes title of Prince Charles John, 280;
popularity in Sweden, 280;
republicanism of, 281;
ambition to acquire Norway, 281, 399; iv. [55];
changes from Roman Catholic to Lutheran, iii. 317;
character of his rule, 317;
eager to escape from French protection, 317;
varied character of his life, 317;
virtual king of Sweden, 317;
unwillingly grants a liberal constitution, 317;
ambition to acquire the French crown, 321; iv. [2], [3], [14], [15], [26], [55], [57], [85], [114];
temporizes with France and Russia, iii. 321;
assists Russia against N., 350;
Metternich seeks to embroil him with Alexander, 394;
N. attempts to win over, 399;
Pomerania offered to, 399;
joins the coalition, 399; iv. [2], [3];
his troops evacuate Hamburg, [407];
commanding Army of the North, [3];
in military council at Trachenberg, [6];
battle of Grossbeeren, [14];
at Jüterbog, [18];
battle of Dennewitz, [18], [19];
crosses the Elbe, [22];
contemplated movement against, [23];
N. seeks to engage, [25], [26];
proposed junction with Schwarzenberg, [26];
at Merseburg, [27];
at Oppin, [28];
offers terms to Davout, [55];
ordered to the lower Rhine, [56];
at Liège, [85];
receives flag of truce from Joseph, [85];
the allies dread betrayal by, [85].
Bernadotte, Mme., i. 294.
Bernburg, French forces at, iii. 393.
Berneck, defeat of Junot by the Black Legion at, iii. 234.
Berner Klause, the, i. 412.
Berry, military movements near, iv. [77], [78].
Berry, Charles Ferdinand, Duc de, doubtful courage of, ii. 301;
refrains from entering France, 301;
suspected of plotting in Brittany, 303.
Berry-au-Bac, abandoned by Marmont, iv. [81];
Marmont at, [85].
Berthier, Gen. Alexandre, a product of Carnot's system, i. 332;
service in the Alps, 346;
at Lodi, 361;
in the Rivoli campaign, 413;
carries treaty of Campo Formio to the Directory, ii. 24;
plunders Venetia, 38;
proclaims the Roman Republic, 39;
ordered to kill hostile tribesmen, 70;
ordered to prepare for triumphal entry into Cairo, 76;
accompanies N. on his return from Alexandria, 81;
action on the 18th Brumaire, 104;
forms the army of reserve, 140;
sent to Geneva, 140;
method of computing his army, 169;
plans for crossing the Alps, 169;
urges capture of Fort Bard, 171;
created marshal, 323;
Master of the Hounds, 324;
muzzles the press in Prussia, 417;
letter from N., Aug. 25, 1806, 420;
personal attendance on N., 425;
in battle of Eylau, iii. 16; iv. [174];
at Tilsit, iii. 52, 59;
income, 87, 296;
created Prince of Neufchâtel, 86, 96, 279;
appointed vice-constable, 96;
at Bayonne, 144;
chief of staff, 203, 323, 402;
orders to, iii. 203;
deficiency of military knowledge, 204;
fails in execution of his orders, 205;
charged with treachery, 206;
on N.'s habit of work, 210;
discovers attempt to assassinate N., 240;
N.'s proxy to marry Maria Louisa, 254-256;
created Prince of Wagram, 256;
letter from Ney to, Nov. 5, 1812, 360, 361;
informs Macdonald of the Russian disasters, 384;
alleged hostility to Jomini, iv. [2];
battle of Dresden, [11];
at Nangis, [73];
receives flag of truce from Schwarzenberg, [73];
persuades N. to resume negotiations, [74];
capture of one of his couriers, [96];
at council at St. Dizier, [103];
advises a return to Lorraine, [116];
Marmont sends treasonable documents to, [119];
at the abdication scene, [121];
transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, [132];
nicknamed "Peter," [147];
faults at Eylau and Wagram, [173].
Berthollet, C. L., plunders Italian scientific collections, i. 369;
accompanies N. on his return from Alexandria, ii. 81;
member of the senate, 151.
Berton, L. S., i. 61.
Bertrand, Gen. H. G., base conduct at Vienna, ii. 369;
in campaign of 1813, iii. 402;
in battle of Bautzen, 410;
beleaguers Schweidnitz, 413;
battle of Dennewitz, iv. [18];
driven by Blücher to Bitterfeld, [22];
battle of Leipsic, [28], [29], [30], [32], [35];
takes Weissenfels, [35];
defends the Rhine at Kastel, [54];
begs N. to abandon Belgium and the left bank of the Rhine, [70];
at the abdication scene, [121];
accompanies N. to Elba, [134], [138];
sends positive instructions to Grouchy, [187], [191];
escorts N. from the field of Waterloo, [211];
accompanies N. to Rochefort, [219];
accompanies N. to St. Helena, [227].
Bertrand, Mme., present at N.'s death-bed, iv. [235].
Bessarabia, alleged concession of, to Russia, iii. 55.
Bessières, Gen. J. B., service in Egypt, ii. 53;
created marshal, 323;
in battle of Austerlitz, 387;
in Eylau campaign, iii. 15, 16;
created Duke of Istria, 86;
income, 87;
character, 93;
N.'s opinion of, 93;
invades Spain, 132, 134, 143;
instructions to, concerning Spanish policy, 140;
ordered to arrest Ferdinand, 144;
besieges Santander, 156;
defeats the Spaniards at Medina de Rio Seco, 156;
occupies Old Castile and Aragon, 155;
ordered to connect with Junot, 157;
at Miranda, 183;
pursues Hiller, 209;
battle of Essling, 220;
commanding the Young Guard, 324;
killed at Rippach, 404, 406;
importance of his loss to N., 404.
Bethencourt, Gen., crosses the Simplon, ii. 172;
near Domo d'Ossola, 172.
Beugnot, regent of Berg, iii. 421;
anecdote concerning, 421, 422.
Beurnonville, Marquis de, N.'s envoy to Prussia, ii. 156;
royalist intrigues of, iv. [115], [140].
Beys, the Egyptian, ii. 58.
Biberach, battle of, ii. 167.
Biberich, anecdote of N. at the castle of, iii. 422.
Bible, N.'s study of the, iv. [231].
Bicêtre, prison of, imprisonment of a milliner in, iii. 92.
Bielostok, united to Russia, iii. 56, 62.
Bilbao, Lefebvre near, iii. 183.
Bisamberg, junction of Archduke Charles and Hiller at, iii. 212, 216;
military operations near, 228, 229.
Biscay, N.'s contemplated movements in, iii. 184;
military government of, 279.
Bismarck, Prince Otto von, policy in, 1875, ii. 269.
Bitterfeld, Bertrand driven by Blücher to, iv. [22].
Biville, landing of the Cadoudal conspirators at, ii. 298.
Black Elster, River, military movements on the, iv. [20].
Black Forest, the, Dessaix defeats the Austrians in, i. 4 40;
military operations in, ii. 166, 365.
Black Legion, the, organization of, iii. 234;
defeats Junot at Berneck, 234;
defeats the Saxons at Nossen, 234.
Black Sea, proposed Indian expeditions via, ii. 209.
Blake, Gen., defeated at Medina de Rio Seco, iii. 156;
advances from Durango, 184;
concerted French movement against, 185;
driven back to Valmaseda, 184;
N.'s scheme to annihilate, 184;
defeated at Espinosa, 185;
joins La Romana, in Asturias, 185;
annihilation of his army by Suchet, 289.
Blankenburg, Louis XVIII retreats to, ii. 5.
Blankenhain, Prince Hohenlohe at, ii. 428.
Blasowitz, military operations near, ii. 385.
Blois, N.'s private treasure at, iv. [50], [134];
imperial regency established at, [115];
French garrison at, [118];
dissolution of the imperial government at, [135].
Blücher, Marshal G. L. von, member of Prussian reform party, ii. 415;
Prussian commander, 419;
military movements near Eisenach, 427;
battle of Auerstädt, 433;
reaches Lübeck, 437;
duplicity to Klein, 436;
surrender of, 437;
in campaign of 1813, iii. 399;
at Striegau, iv. [3], [6];
violates the armistice, [3], [6];
commanding the army of the East, [6];
gives N. an advantage, [6], [7];
secures an independent command, [6];
pursued by N., [7];
at Bunzlau, [7];
retreats behind the Deichsel, [7];
crosses the Katzbach, [8];
battle of Katzbach, [15];
pursues Macdonald, [15];
Macdonald fails to hold, [17];
operations in Silesia, [17];
attacks Macdonald at Fischbach, [18];
Macdonald ordered to check his advance, [20];
advances on Dresden, [20];
northward movement, [21];
marches to Kemberg, [22];
drives Bertrand to Bitterfeld, [22];
contemplated movement against, [23];
N. seeks to engage, [25], [26];
joint movements with Bernadotte and Schwarzenberg, [26];
advances to Halle, [26];
battle of Leipsic, [28], [30], [33];
acquires two Swedish corps, [56];
crosses the Rhine, [57];
aims to annihilate N., [57];
crosses the Saar, [58];
invests the Mosel fortresses, [58];
advances on Arcis, [58];
effects union with Schwarzenberg, [60];
defeated at Brienne, [60];
battles of La Rothière and Troyes, [60];
predicts a speedy entry into Paris, [61];
leads the advance down the Marne, [62];
attempts to cut off Macdonald, [61];
strength, Feb. 9, 1814, [61];
French movement from Sézanne against, [62], [63];
battle of Montmirail, [63];
retreat across the Marne, [63];
defeated at Vauchamps, [64];
retreats to Bergères, [65];
drives Marmont to Fromentières, [64];
N. deals him "a blow in the eye," [70];
Marmont ordered to hold, [71];
at Méry, [73];
collects his army at Châlons, [73];
Oudinot sent against, [73];
pursued by N., [75];
makes diversion in favor of main army, [75];
advances on Paris, [76];
letter from Frederick William III, Feb. 26, 1814, [75];
N. in pursuit of, [76];
moves on Meaux, [76];
recruits his forces at Soissons, [77];
retreats up the Ourcq, [76];
checked by Marmont and Mortier, [76];
crosses the Marne, [76];
cut off from Schwarzenberg, [77];
driven north, [77];
battle of Craonne, [78];
retreats from Craonne to Laon, [78];
dissensions in his army, [77]-80, [84];
battle of Laon, [79];
recalls York, [80];
regains communication with Schwarzenberg, [80];
dismayed at the capture of Rheims, [84], [85];
besieges Compiègne, [84];
resumes the offensive, [92], [93];
Marmont's plan of operations against, [93];
crosses the Aisne, [93];
effects junction with Schwarzenberg, [94], [95], [97];
captures a courier to the Empress, [96];
advised of the movement on Paris, [98];
"Marshal Forward," [98];
crosses the Marne, [99];
fears of, in Paris, [108];
captures Montmartre, [111];
desires to take the field, [169];
plan of the campaign of Waterloo, [169];
quality of his troops, [171];
N.'s position with regard to Wellington and, [171];
relative strength in Waterloo campaign, [172];
awaits developments, [173];
relations with Wellington, [176], [177];
possible change of strategy, [176];
defensive movements, [178];
at Fleurus, [179];
retires from Fleurus, [180];
his tactics criticized by Wellington, [181];
meeting with Wellington at Bry, [180];
battle of Ligny, [181], [182];
gets "a —— good licking," [183], [184];
wounded at Ligny, [185];
Grouchy's pursuit of, [187];
apprehended movement to join Wellington, [187];
promises support to Wellington, [190];
Grouchy aims to prevent union between Wellington and, [191];
movement to Wavre, [191]-194;
disaster at Ligny, [193];
possible retreat via Louvain, [194];
fails to come to Wellington's assistance, [204];
Wellington's faint-hearted coöperation with, [213];
his lines of retreat, [214];
determination to kill N., [220], [223];
character: ambition, iv. [7];
ardor and courage, [59], [98], [177], [181], [182];
desire for glory and revenge, [68], [220], [223];
duplicity, ii. 436;
head-strong temper, iv. [6], [7], [14];
influence over troops, [171], [172];
over-confidence, [62], [63];
self-indulgence, [172].
Bober, River, military movements on the, iv. [7], [16].
Bocognano, N. in hiding near, i. 202, 203.
Bohemia, Archduke Ferdinand escapes into, ii. 366;
Archduke Ferdinand commanding in, 380;
N.'s line of retreat through, 392;
plan of Austrian operations in, iii. 199;
N.'s reasons for not pursuing Archduke Charles into, 210;
gathering of Austrian troops in, 414;
boundary of a neutral zone, 414;
beacons flash the declaration of war through, 423;
Austro-Russian troops in, iv. [3];
advance of Russian troops toward, [6];
the allies' communication with, threatened, [9];
guarding the passes from, [18];
refuge of the allies in, [24];
army of, moves on Paris, [98].
Bohemian Forest, military movements in the, iii. 204, 210, 216.
Bois, Pierre du, proposes French seizure of Egypt, ii. 46.
Bologna, seizure and ransom of, i. 374, 375;
the Pope prepares to recover, 398;
armistice of, 401;
new scheme of government for, 402;
N. at, 409, 419;
military operations at, 409, 419;
surrendered to France, 421;
ceded to Venice at Leoben, 438;
corporated in the Cisalpine Republic, ii. 21.
Bonaparte. See [Buonaparte].
Boniface, Pope, crowns Pepin, ii. 325.
Bonifacio, N. at, i. 193.
Bonnier, M., member of the Congress of Rastatt, ii. 89;
killed at Rastatt, 89.
Bontemps, M., arrest of, ii. 27.
Bordeaux, condition in 1793, i. 222;
exempt from legislation concerning Jews, iii. 78;
opens its gates to English troops, iv. [87];
proclamation of Louis XVIII., [87];
N. seeks to rouse imperial feeling in, [220];
immunity from the White Terror, [223].
Borghese, Prince, marries Pauline (Buonaparte) Leclerc, ii. 258;
separates from Pauline, iv. [142].
Borghese, Princess Pauline (Buonaparte), looseness of her life, iv. [142];
acquires the duchy of Lucca, ii. 354;
dismissed from Paris, iv. [142];
accompanies N. to Elba, [139]-142;
alleged scandalous relations with N., [142].
See also [Buonaparte, Pauline].
Borghetto, battle of, i. 372.
Borgo, Pozzo di. See [Pozzo di Borgo].
Bormida, River, road to Italy opened through the valley of, i. 257;
the country of, ii. 177;
Melas crosses, 178;
military operations on the, 181.
Borodino, Bonaparte at, ii. 392;
battle of, iii. 343, 344, 346-348;
rescuing the wounded from the field of, 358.
Borrissoff, the French retreat through, iii. 363, 366, 370;
Russian plan of operation at, 366;
captured by Tchitchagoff, 367, 368;
battles at, 369-372.
Borstell, Gen., battle of Dennewitz, iv. [19].
Bosporus, proposed expedition to the, iii. 113.
Botanical Garden, lecture system of the, i. 281.
Bothnia, repulse of the Russians from, iii. 116.
Bou, Mme., i. 184.
Boudet, Gen. Jean, in battle of Essling, iii. 219, 220.
Bouillé, Marquis F. C. A. de, i. 314.
Boulay de la Meurthe, Antoine, presents temporary plan of the Consulate, ii, 123;
member of the council of state, 152;
reviser of the Code, 222.
Boulogne, the Army of England, flotilla, and military preparations at, ii. 48, 290, 291, 331, 358;
N. at, 48;
N.'s ceremonial at, July, 1804, 328;
real purpose of the flotilla, 334;
distribution of Legion of Honor crosses at, 360;
the army ordered east from, 362.
Bourbon-Condé, Louis-Antoine-Henri de. See [Enghien, Duc d'].
Bourbon-Hapsburg alliance, Corsica joins the, i. 21.
Bourbons, the, influence of, i. 22;
N.'s attitude toward, 177; ii. 29, 194, 205, 271, 301, 312, 356; iv. [156];
discredit royalty, i. 268;
their motto, 297;
France's demands on Austria concerning, ii. 43;
hopes and rumors of restoration of, and plots therefore, 94, 122, 158, 194, 255, 317; iv. [51], [67], [68], [113], [114], [164], [165];
Talleyrand's predilection for, ii. 122;
England's attitude toward, 143, 144, 271, 356; iv. [68];
a blow at the, ii. 207;
N. complains of England's protection of, 271, 356;
foster the Jacobin spirit of insurrection, 300;
responsibility for the execution of Ney, 300;
the Duc d'Enghien, 301;
intrigues against N.'s life, 304; iv. [141], [144];
N.'s attempt to fix death of Duc d'Enghien on, ii. 312;
causes of the French dislike for, 317;
their "divine right," 317;
their founder, 350;
scheme to establish a monarchy in America, iii. 134, 141;
Metternich's desire to restore the, iv. [67], [68];
rising in Vendée, [102];
restoration of, [109], [113]-115, [132], [146];
enthusiasm for, in Paris, [115];
revulsion of feeling in France and by Alexander against, [125], [126];
fickle imperialists support Louis XVIII, [132];
maintain spies in Elba, [142];
N. on the illegitimacy of their throne, [156].
The Neapolitan, impending downfall, ii. 357;
banished, 390, 395, 401; iii. 214;
proposal that they retain power in Sicily, ii. 401.
The Spanish, scheme to emancipate Spain from rule of, ii. 44;
incapacity and degradation, iii. 70;
N.'s attitude toward, 142;
deposed, 145-148, 150, 164;
proposals to restore the throne to, 271, 416.
Bourgeoisie, the, at outbreak of the Revolution, i. 101, 107;
N. seeks the support of, ii. 278.
Bourmont, Gen., deserts before Charleroi, iv. [174].
Bourrienne, L. A. F. de, on the question of N.'s birth, i. 37;
shares mathematical honors with N., 56;
shares N.'s poverty in Paris, 174;
obtains diplomatic position at Stuttgart, 174;
anecdotes of N. by, 175;
describes N.'s personality, 284;
N.'s friendship for, 295;
improved fortunes of, 295;
N.'s confidences with, ii. 51;
on N.'s plans of escaping from Egypt, 83;
N. expresses his satisfaction to, concerning the 18th Brumaire, 110;
rebukes N. at St. Cloud, 113;
character, 277;
dismissed, 277;
on Mme. de Staël, iii. 298;
venality of, iv. [106].
Bourse, N.'s failure to govern the, ii. 410;
rise in values after the Austrian marriage, iii. 264.
Bowles, Col. Geo., conversation with Wellington, iv. [184].
Boyer, Gen. J. P., prepares a "triumphal" return to Cairo, ii. 76.
Brabant, visit of N. and Maria Louisa to, iii. 269;
French occupation of, 270;
N.'s offer to exchange it for Hanseatic towns, 270.
Braganza, House of, decline of, iii. 119;
flight to Brazil, 134;
N. proposes to restore Portugal to, 319.
Brandenburg, proposed allotment of, to Jerome, iii. 409;
the Army of the North in, iv. [2];
contemplated operations in, [7].
Brandenburg, House of, the imperial crown for the, ii. 420;
owes its safety to the Czar, iii. 73.
Braunau, the Austrian camp at, ii. 365;
captured by Lannes, 367;
Russian troops at, 368;
French occupation of, 405.
Bray, Macdonald before, iv. [72].
Brazi, Don John embarks for, iii. 121.
Breisgau, grant to Grand Duke of Tuscany in, ii. 193;
Duc d'Enghien prepares to retire to the, 302, 303;
part of, acquired by Baden, 391;
Würtemberg acquires part of, 391.
Breitenlee, Austrian advance through, iii. 220.
Bremen, closed to British commerce, ii. 287;
laid under contribution, 287;
proposal to give it to Prussia, 400;
Bernadotte's force in, iii. 202;
scheme to incorporate with France, 266;
position in the French empire, 279;
French forces at, 393.
Brenta, River, military operations on the, i. 384, 390-392, 406.
Brescia, seized by France, i. 371;
the French position at, 379;
captured by Quasdanowich, 380;
evacuated by the enemy, 381;
the revolutionary movement in, 428, 435.
Breslau, Russian troops at, ii. 380;
the Prussian court moves from Berlin to, iii. 396;
patriotism in the university, 398;
French occupation of, 413;
pursuit of the allies to, 413;
French evacuation of, 414, 415;
military movements near, iv. [3].
Brest, naval preparations at, ii. 48, 68, 333, 359, 360, 441;
blockade of, iii. 48;
junction of Nelson and Cornwallis before, ii. 359;
the fleet ordered to the English Channel from, 359;
Villeneuve's mission to relieve, 360;
the squadron ordered to the Mediterranean, iii. 111;
imprisonment of Schill's followers in, 233;
naval station at, 380.
Brest-Litovski, military operations near, iii. 353.
"Briars, The," N. a guest at, iv. [229], [230].
Bribery, N.'s first lesson in, i. 203.
Bridge of Arts, the, iii. 74.
Brienne, N. at, i. 37, 46-59, 146, 210; iv. [60];
N.'s mock battles at, i. 53; iv. [60];
Lucien Buonaparte at, i. 81;
Lucien quits, and Louis remains at, 88;