The Life of Napoleon Bonaparte. Vol. 4 (of 4)

by William Milligan Sloane

Labanoff, Prince, comes to Bennigsen's aid after Friedland, iii. 32;
conducts negotiations with N., 37;
at Tilsit, 49.
Labédoyère, Gen. C. A. H., determines to support N., iv. [156];
imprisoned and condemned to death, [223].
Laber, River, military operations on the, iii. 207, 208.
Laborde, Alexandre de, N.'s confidential agent in the treaty of Schönbrunn, iii. 252;
suggests the marriage of N. and Maria Louisa, 252.
Labouchere, Henry, mission from Holland to England, iii. 271.
La Carolina, defeat of Dupont at, iii. 156.
Lacombe-Saint-Michel, J. P., secures N.'s appointment to the Army of the West, i. 263;
member of Committee of Safety, 263.
La Cour de France, N. at, iv. [105], [116].
La Cuesta, Gen., defeated at Medina de Rio Seco, iii. 156.
La Favorita, battle of, i. 415, 416.
Lafayette, Marquis de, commands the National Guard, i. 110;
endeavors to calm the National Assembly, 174, 176;
N. on, 176;
commanding armies in the North, 179;
pronounces against popular excesses, 179;
flight, and capture by the Austrians, 179;
released from Austrian prison, 456; ii. 148, 247;
possible successor to N., 186;
influence on the Consulate, 195;
remonstrates against N.'s life consulship, 247;
supports the chambers, iv. [217];
N.'s forgiveness for, [233].
La Fère, the regiment of, i. 66;
the regiment at Douay, 81;
ordered on special service, 86;
N.'s service in, 94, 144;
mutiny in, 112;
transformed into the First Regiment, 149.
La Ferté-sous-Jouarre, military movements near, iv. [63];
N.'s rapid march to, [71].
Laffont, royalist leader, i. 298;
on the 13th Vendémiaire, 303;
executed, 304.
Laffray, dramatic welcome to the returned Emperor at, iv. [156];
N. offers himself to the bullets of the Fifth Regiment at, [155].
La Flèche, the military school at, i. 48.
La Force, imprisonment of Malet in, iii. 376.
Lagrange, Gen., moves against Castaños, iii. 185;
transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, iv. [132].
Lagrange, J. L., created baron, iii. 297.
Laharpe, Gen., general of division, Army of Italy, i. 345;
attacked by Beaulieu at Voltri, 353, 354;
retreats to Savona, 353;
killed at Fombio, 359;
tutor to Alexander I, iii. 118.
La Haye, the farms of, iv. [194];
fighting at, [206].
La Haye Sainte, the farm-house of, iv. [194];
fighting at, [201]-204, [210].
Lahorie, Gen. V., engaged in Malet's conspiracy, iii. 376.
Laine, J. H. J., radical member of the senate, iv. [114].
Lajolais, Gen. F., plots of, in the Cadoudal conspiracy, ii. 298;
implicates Moreau, 298.
La Junquera, Saint-Cyr at, iii. 183.
Lakanal, Joseph, provides for mixed schools, ii. 226.
Lake Constance, Kray's communications via, to be cut, ii. 164.
Lallemand, Gen. C. F. A., proposes asylum for N. on an American ship, iv. [221];
negotiations with Capt. Maitland, [223].
Lallemant, M., French republican agent in Venice, i. 445; ii. 10.
"L'Ambigu," published in London, ii. 270;
N. lampooned in, 270.
Lambrecht, royalist intrigues of, iv. [106].
La Mortilla, N. prepares plans for its defense, i. 91.
La Mure, N.'s welcome at, on return from Elba, iv. [155].
Land, tenure at outbreak of the Revolution, i. 16, 102, 105, 109.
Landes, Department of the, exempt from legislation concerning Jews, iii. 77.
Landgrafenberg, military operations at, ii. 429.
Landsberg, engagement at, iii. 14.
Landshut, military movements near, iii. 206-209, 216;
N. at, 208;
battle of, 210;
Archduke Charles's military mistake at, 216.
Langeron, Gen. Andrault, in battle of Austerlitz, ii. 388;
captures Rheims, iv. [80];
on the dissensions in Blücher's army, [80];
on the terror of N.'s name, [84].
Langres, military movements near, iv. [58], [68], [95].
Lanjuinais, Jean D., president of House of Deputies, iv. [167].
Lannes, Gen. Jean, recommended for promotion, i. 357;
threatens Genoa, 373;
service in Egypt, ii. 53;
wounded at Acre, 76;
battle of Aboukir, 79;
accompanies N. on his return from Alexandria, 81;
action on the 18th Brumaire, 105;
commanding at the Tuileries, 108;
crosses the St. Bernard, 169-171;
attacks Ivrea, 171;
hesitates at Fort Bard, 171;
reaches Aosta, 171;
defeats Ott at Casteggio, 177;
commanding corps at Marengo, 176-180;
battle of Montebello, 196;
restored to favor, 277;
created marshal, 323;
character, 364; iii. 208, 223;
captures Braunau, ii. 367;
pursues the Russians, 378;
in battle of Austerlitz, 386, 388;
at Coburg, 427;
in battle of Jena, 429;
seizes Dessau, 436;
pursues Hohenlohe, 436;
ordered to the Narew, iii. 3;
battle of Pultusk, 4;
strength in Poland, 7;
sickness, 13;
battle of Heilsberg, 29;
battle of Friedland, 30;
created Duke of Montebello, 86;
familiarity with N., 93;
moves against Castaños, 185;
movements before Ratisbon, 208;
in battle of Eckmühl, 209;
at the crossing of the Danube at Lobau, 217;
battle of Essling, 220, 223;
mortally wounded, 223;
N.'s grief at loss of, 223;
reproaches N. for his ambition, 223;
N. saves him from drowning, 241;
warns N. against treachery, 325;
characterization of Talleyrand, iv. [107].
Lanusse, Gen. F., recommended for promotion, i. 357.
Laon, battle of, iv. [76]-81, [84];
N. at, [216].
Laplace, P. S., Minister of the Interior, ii. 131;
succeeded by Lucien Buonaparte, 131;
created baron, iii. 297.
Lapoype, Gen. J. F., feeling against in Marseilles, i. 239;
acquitted by the Convention, 240.
Larevellière-Lépeaux, Louis-Marie de, member of the Directory, i. 309, 330, 331; ii. 35;
character, i. 310;
dissatisfied with treaty of Leoben, 441;
N.'s relations with, ii. 23;
resigns from the Directory, 92.
La Rochejaquelein, Gen. L. du V., killed, iv. [166].
La Romana, Gen. P. C., revolts in Denmark, iii. 159;
at Valmaseda, 184;
at Santander, 184;
joined by Blake, 185.
La Rothière, battle at, iv. [60], [69].
Lasalle Gen. A. C., captures Stettin, ii. 436;
success near Valladolid, iii. 156;
in battle of Aspern, 220;
killed at Wagram, 230.
Las Cases, E. A. D., N.'s intimacy with, i. 146;
memoirs of N., 232;
recounts the story of the "day of the sections," 307;
N.'s conversations with, ii. 292;
N.'s declaration to, concerning the Duc d'Enghien, 311;
appointed private secretary to N., iv. [220];
negotiates with Capt. Maitland for N.'s passage to England, [221], [223];
accompanies N. to St. Helena, [227];
assists N. on his history, [231];
dismissed, [232].
Latouche-Tréville, Adm. L., scheme of naval operations for, ii. 331;
death of, 332.
Latour-Maubourg, Gen. M., commanding cavalry in Russian campaign of 1812, iii. 324;
battle of Dresden, iv. [8], [9];
battle of Leipsic, [29], [32];
transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, [132].
Lauban, N. at, iv. [6].
Lauderdale, Lord, British envoy to France, ii. 404, 405;
demands his passports, 420;
reopens negotiations, 421.
Laudon, Gen. G. E., commanding forces in the Tyrol, i. 434;
at Verona, 442.
Lauriston, Gen. A. J., splendid artillery work at Wagram, iii. 229;
replaces Caulaincourt at St. Petersburg, 318;
mission to Kutusoff's camp, 351;
commanding division under Eugène, 393;
in campaign of 1813, 402;
occupies Leipsic, 405;
battle of Lützen, 405;
battle of Bautzen, 405;
beleaguers Schweidnitz, 413;
confronts Blücher at the Bober, iv. [6];
detailed to block Blücher's road to Berlin, [8];
battle of Leipsic, [28], [33];
captured at Leipsic, [34].
Lausanne, ovation to N. at, ii. 27;
French forces near, 169;
N. at, May 10, 1800, 169.
La Valette, Gen., formulates demands on the Genoese senate, ii. 11;
postmaster-general at Paris, letter to N., March, 1814, iv. [104].
Lawyers, status at outbreak of the Revolution, i. 101.
Lazaref, Russian grenadier, decorated by N. at Tilsit, iii. 63.
League of Virtue, the, iii. 103, 397.
Lebrun, Charles F., appointed third consul, ii. 130, 222;
revises the Code, 222;
evades responsibility concerning the Duc d'Enghien, 304;
Treasurer of France, 323;
at N.'s coronation, 343;
created Duke of Piacenza, iii. 86;
Arch-Treasurer, 96;
salary of, 96;
at Krasnoi, 364.
Lech, River, military operations on the, ii. 164; iii. 204.
Leclerc, Victor-Emmanuel, conducts expedition against San Domingo, ii. 237;
marries Pauline Buonaparte, 236;
death of, 237.
Leclerc, Mme., accompanies her husband to San Domingo, ii. 236;
marries Prince Borghese, 258.
Lecourbe, Gen. C. J., commanding in the Alps, ii. 164;
captures Memmingen, 167;
captures Stockach, 166;
ordered to Italy, 169.
Leers, Gen. Reille at, iv. [170].
Lefebvre, Gen. F. G., commander of the Paris garrison, ii. 104;
joins the Bonapartist ranks, 104;
in battle of Jena, 429, 431;
strength in Poland, iii. 8;
besieges Dantzic, 20, 21;
created Duke of Dantzic, 86;
besieges Saragossa, 156;
success at Tudela, 156;
near Bilbao, 183;
rash movements by, 184;
in movement against Madrid, 186;
commanding Bavarian troops at Münich, 203;
in campaign of Eckmühl, 206;
defeats the Austrians at Abensberg, 207;
at Salzburg, 211;
drives Tyroleans from Innsbruck, 213;
relieves Vandamme at Linz, 225;
withdrawn from the Tyrol, 234;
commanding the Old Guard, 324;
a momentary attack of senility, iv. [104];
at council at St. Dizier, [104];
accompanies the Emperor to Paris, [105];
at the abdication scene, [121];
transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, [132];
recreated marshal, [167].
Lefebvre-Desnouettes, Col. Charles, service in Egypt, ii. 53.
Leghorn, N. plans to meet Joseph at, i. 292;
the English fleet driven from, 373;
levy of enforced contributions from, 375;
England gains entrance into, iii. 67;
expulsion of the English from, 67;
position in the French Empire, 279;
plots against N. in, iv. [150].
Legion of Honor, establishment of the, ii. 245, 246;
distribution of crosses, 360;
first Russian member of the, iii. 63;
French pride in, 86;
new members of, 297;
abolition of the orphan asylums of the, iv. [148].
Legislature, the, ii. 126, 149-153;
constitution of, 241;
new methods of electing to, 247;
N. opens, Aug. 16, 1807, iii. 73;
its functions, 83;
distribution of titles among heads of, 87;
N. contemplates its abolition, 389;
demands constitutional government, iv. [49];
prorogued, [50];
overthrows N., [115].
Legnago, French occupation of, i. 372, 379;
military operations near, 409.
Legrand, Gen. C. J., in battle of Austerlitz, ii. 386;
in battle of Aspern, iii. 220.
Leibnitz, G. W. von, advocates French conquest of Egypt, ii. 46.
Leipsic, seized by the Duke of Brunswick, iii. 234;
Eugène establishes headquarters at, 393;
French forces at, 393, 405;
military movements near, 405; iv. [8], [21], [22], [25], [26];
battle of, [27] et seq.;
topography, [28];
N. in, [34];
importance of the battle in history, [37];
triumph of revolutionary liberalism at, [38];
N. spares the city from fire, [39];
effects of the battle of, [39];
mistaken ideas concerning N.'s attitude after, [66].
Le Noble's "Spirit of Gerson," N.'s study of, i. 150.
Lenouf, Gen., succeeds Jourdan in command, ii. 88;
retreats behind the Rhine, 88.
Leo III, crowns Charles the Great, ii. 325.
Leoben, the French at, i. 350;
seized by Masséna, 436;
N.'s position at, 436;
treaty of, 436-441, 443, 446, 452, 456; ii. 12, 14, 19;
alleged duplicity by N. at, i. 437-439;
French march to, ii. 42;
Ney's victory at, 368.
Leon, French troops in, iii. 283.
Leonetti, denounced by N., i. 206.
Leopold II, acknowledges Hungarian rights, iii. 214.
Lepelletier, the section of, i. 300.
Lesmont, military operations at, iv. [60].
Lesseps, J. B. B., French consul-general at St. Petersburg, iii. 98.
Lestocq, Gen., retreats to Königsberg, ii. 436;
joins the Prussian army, iii. 1;
at Neidenburg, 4;
at Angerburg, 8;
opposes Ney's march to Königsberg, 8;
relieves the garrison of Graudenz, 10;
in campaign of Eylau, 14, 15;
in battle of Heilsberg, 29-31;
in Friedland campaign, 31, 35;
pursued by Davout, 32.
Leszcynski, Maria, N.'s imitation of her marriage to Louis XV, iii. 256.
Letourneur, C. L., member of the Directory, i. 330, 333;
character, 330;
retires from the Directory, ii. 1.
"Letters from the Cape of Good Hope," iv. [231].
"Letters of Buonaparte to Buttafuoco," i. 145.
Leuthen, battle of, iv. [284].
Levant, the, France occupies Venetian possessions in, i. 446;
Genoa's commerce with, ii. 15;
French plots for disturbances in, 17;
France's jealous care for possessions in, 32, 280;
England aspires to control, 143;
Sebastiani's mission to, 272-274;
question of establishing French colonies in, 273;
Portuguese naval operations in, 332;
plans for redistribution of lands on, iii. 51;
the control of, 111;
efficient blockade of, impossible, 280.
Leveson-Gower, Lord, English ambassador at St. Petersburg, iii. 100.
Leyen, Von der, member of the Confederation of the Rhine, ii. 403.
Liberty, Paoli on, i. 16;
the recognized colors of, 109.
Liberty, fraternity, and equality, i. 109.
"Liberty of the Seas," ii. 16.
Lichtenstein, member of the Confederation of the Rhine, ii. 403.
Lichtenstein, Prince John of, in battle of Austerlitz, ii. 386-389;
negotiates for an armistice, 389;
in battle of Aspern, iii. 223;
Austrian peace commissioner, 239-242;
at peace council in Paris, iv. [114].
Lido, Porto di, Venetians fire on French vessel in, i. 442.
Liebertwolkwitz, military operations near, iv. [27]-30.
Liège, flight of Lafayette to, i. 179;
military operations near, 194; iv. [54], [85], [171], [185].
Ligny, battle of, iv. [180]-186;
Gérard at, [190];
Blücher's disaster at, [193];
a Prussian blunder, [213];
the news of, in Paris, [216].
Liguria, ecclesiastical reforms and confiscations in, iii. 263.
Ligurian Alps, guerrillas in the, i. 373.
Ligurian Republic, the formation of, ii. 11, 21;
French control over, 39;
Piedmont added to, 39;
reorganized, 186;
tribute levied on, 186;
English efforts to discredit France in, 264;
incorporated with France, 354.
Lille, peace negotiations at, ii. 12, 86, 144;
flight of Louis XVIII to, iv. [158].
Lindau, ceded to Bavaria, ii. 391.
Lindenau, seized by the Duke of Brunswick, iii. 234;
military operations near, iv. [28], [29], [35].
Linz, military movements near, iii. 204-207; 216, 222.
Lisbon, recall of the French envoy from, iii. 120;
democracy in, 121;
Junot's march to, 120, 122;
fraternization of the people with Junot's army, 120;
Russian squadron sent to, 167;
French scheme to seize, 265;
Masséna's march to, 285;
Masséna's precarious situation before, 286, 287;
Wellington's difficult position at, 288;
filled with fugitives, 288.
Lisle, Rouget de, composes the "Marseillaise," i. 175.
Literature, revival of, ii. 259;
censorship of, iii. 88.
Lithuania, Poniatowski's doubts of, iii. 326;
impassivity of its people, 331;
the march from Smolensk toward, 363;
Maret in charge of affairs in, 375.
Littawa, River, military operations on the, ii. 383.
"Little Corporal," the, i. 362; iv. [118], [154].
Little Gibraltar, capture of, i. 230.
Little Görschen, fighting at, iii. 405.
"Little Napoleon," iii. 52.
Little St. Bernard Pass, the crossing of the, ii. 169, 171.
Liverpool, Lord, attacks Wellington, iii. 288;
recalls Wellington, iv. [149];
mismanagement of English affairs, [161], [162];
embarrassment of, [224];
views as to the disposition of N., [224];
letter to Castlereagh, June 20, 1815, [224].
Loano, battle of, i. 344.
Lobau, crossing the Danube at, iii. 217, 218, 223, 227.
Lobau, Gen., guarding roads from Bohemia, iv. [18];
holds Dresden, [25], [28];
in the Waterloo campaign, [170]-173;
at Charleroi, [180];
ordered to Marbais, [186];
battle of Waterloo, [202], [205], [206];
Lobau, River, military movements on the, iii. 218, 223, 227.
Lobenstein, Bernadotte at, ii. 428.
Lodi, battle of, 359-362; ii. 140;
N.'s narrow escape at, i. 393;
withdrawal of the Austrians from Milan to, ii. 173.
Logroño, French success at, iii. 156;
Ney at, 183.
Loire, River, the Empress flees across the, iv. [105];
military movements on the, [128].
Loison, Gen. L. H., at Piacenza, ii. 177.
Lombardy, French troops in, i. 128;
military operations against, 213, 243, 346, 352, 354;
favors the French Revolution, 261;
the military gate to, 342;
N.'s successes in, 350;
expected partition of, 352;
richness of the country, 356, 357; ii. 179;
N.'s influence in, i. 401;
revolutionary movement in, 428;
France's interest in, 451;
incorporated in the Cisalpine Republic, ii. 21;
held by Austria, 145;
N. aims to secure, 172;
the iron crown of, 353;
N.'s royal progress through, iii. 109.
Lonato, battle of, i. 380-383, 393;
N.'s narrow escape at, 382, 393.
London, Talleyrand diplomatic agent in, ii. 33;
Talleyrand expelled from, 33;
publication of "L'Ambigu" in, 270;
Irish radical paper, in, subsidized by N., 271;
reception of the Duke of Brunswick in, iii. 234.
Longwood, N.'s residence at, i. 40; iv. [229]-235, [288].
Longwy, garrison of, capitulates to Prussia, i. 179;
abandoned by the enemy, 186.
Loretto, capture of, i. 421, 423;
the image of the Lady of, 423.
L'Orient, the squadron ordered to the Mediterranean from, iii. 111.
Lorraine, proposal to continue the war in, iv. [101], [104], [116].
Lothair, N. contrasted with, iii. 264.
Louis, royalist intrigues of, iv. [106].
Louis, king of Etruria, attendant in N.'s antechamber, ii. 205;
death of, 233; iii. 67.
Louis, king of Etruria (son of the preceding), proposed kingdom in Portugal for, iii. 120.
Louis, prince of Prussia, ii. 415;
killed at Saalfeld, 428.
"Louis Capet," i. 194.
Louis Philippe. See [Chartres, Duc de].
Louis XIV, disgraces Vauban, i. 332;
schemes of world-conquest, ii. 46;
"abolishes" the Pyrenees, iii. 70;
N. not the successor of, 304;
influence of his villainies, iv. [299].
Louis XV, refuses protectorate to Corsica, i. 16;
death of, 43;
N.'s imitation of his marriage to Maria Leszcynski, iii. 256;
N. not the successor of, 304.
Louis XVI, accession of, i. 43;
character, 101, 102, 108, 109;
contest with the Parliament of Paris, 106;
alienation of, from the people, 106-108;
attempted reforms by, 105-109;
abandoned by the nobles, 109;
curtailment of his hunting-grounds, 109;
takes up residence in Paris, 109;
title under the new constitution, 119;
honors Paoli, 124;
betrayal of, 151;
accepts the Constitution, 153;
flight and recapture, 154;
clamor for his trial, 156;
refuses to sanction secularization of estates of the Church and nobility, 172;
negotiates with foreign powers, 172, 194, 269;
celebrates the fall of the Bastille, 174;
takes refuge in the National Assembly, 175;
the National Assembly dismisses his body-guard, 174;
Marseilles demands dethronement of, 174;
imprisoned in the Temple, 175;
N.'s views concerning, 177;
condemnation and execution, 195;
causes of his downfall, 268;
the regicides of, 309;
celebrations of his death, ii. 195; iv. [149].
Louis XVII, i. 268.
Louis XVIII, recognized by the powers, i. 297;
relationship to Victor Amadeus, 355;
retires to Blankenburg, ii. 5;
purchases Pichegru's adhesion, 5;
N.'s negotiations with, 9, 239;
banished, 209;
hopes for restoration of, 240;
residence in Warsaw, 240, 297, 301;
the Cadoudal conspiracy, 297;
promises constitutional government, 298;
manifesto of, 302;
Alexander I's opinion of, iii. 52;
at Mittau, 52;
offered a kingdom in the United States, 272;
proclaimed king at Bordeaux, iv. [87];
acclaimed in Paris, [113];
proclaimed king by the senate, [129], [132];
imperial generals transfer their allegiance to, [132];
character, [132], [146];
his feeble tenure, [133];
scandals circulated at the court of, [142];
treaty with the powers, May 30, 1814, [144];
power to create peers, [146];
blunders of, [146]-149;
appoints Soult minister of war, [147];
N. prophesies the betrayal of, [151];
indifference to treaty obligations, [152];
sends troops against N., [158];
makes concessions, [158];
flees to Lille, [158];
flees to Ghent, [161];
N.'s forgiveness for, [233].
Louisa, Queen (of Prussia), brings about the treaty of Potsdam, ii. 376;
character and influence, 415, 427;
N.'s abuse of, 438;
at Memel, iii. 37, 107;
at Tilsit, 44;
scandal concerning the Czar, 57;
interviews with N. concerning Magdeburg, 57-63;
the incident of the rose, 61;
sarcastic speech to Talleyrand, 62;
compared with Queen Mary of England, 62;
death of, 63, 330, 397;
in need of comforts, iii. 107.
Louisa, Queen (of Spain), relations with Godoy, ii. 204, 289, 332; iii. 71, 124, 126, 144, 150;
friendship for N., ii. 332;
admits England to Leghorn, iii. 68;
supposed poisoning of her daughter-in-law, 124;
examines Ferdinand's papers, 126;
her son reveals her shame, 126;
suspected of intrigue in Spain, 128;
panic-stricken at the French invasion, 133;
advocates the scheme of monarchy in America, 134;
repents her abdication, 137, 138;
N.'s attitude toward, 140;
virtual prisoner in the Escorial, 142;
summoned to Bayonne, 145.
Louisiana, ceded to France, ii. 204, 272;
collapse of French rule in, 238;
expedition to, 272;
Spain's exasperation over loss of, 289;
N.'s dream of empire in, 289;
sold by France to the United States, 289, 332; iv. [300].
Louvain, Gneisenau opens fresh communications via, iv. [185];
possible retreat of the Prussians via, [194].
Louverture, Toussaint, defense of San Domingo, ii. 237;
organizes a consular government, 237;
capture and death of, 237.
Louvre, the, N.'s second marriage in, iii. 259-261.
Love, N. on, i. 77.
Low Countries. See [Austrian Netherlands]; [Batavian Republic]; [Belgium]; [Dutch Flanders]; [Holland]; [Netherlands].
Lowe, Sir Hudson, allegations about N.'s physical ailments, iv. [168];
character, [230];
his custody of N., [230]-233;
N.'s disputes with, [288].
Lübeck, proposal to give it to Prussia, ii. 400;
surrender of, 437;
sack of, 440;
Bernadotte's force in, iii. 202;
extension of the French Empire, to, 278.
Luc, N. at, iv. [139].
Lucca, given to Pauline (Buonaparte) Borghese, ii. 354, 356;
given to Elisa, 395;
creation of hereditary duchy of, 396.
Lucca and Piombino, Prince of. See [Bacciocchi, F. P.]
Lucca and Piombino, Princess of. See [Buonaparte, Marie-Anne-Elisa].
Luckau, defeat of Oudinot at, iv. [8].
Ludmannsdorf, Archduke Charles's force at, iii. 206.
Lunéville, negotiations between Cobenzl and Joseph Bonaparte at, ii. 189, 192;
the Peace of, 192, 193, 203, 204, 263, 266, 302, 358, 402.
Lusha, River, military movements on the, iii. 355.
Lusignan, Gen., military operations on the Piave, i. 430-433.
Lützen, battle of, iii. 404-408; iv. [4], [21].
Lützow, Baron L. A. W., raises the "black troop," iii. 397.
Luxembourg, the, Barras's social life in, i. 290;
Gohier and Moulins withdraw to, ii. 108;
Moreau commanding guard at, 108;
the First Consul installed at, 124;
residence of the Bonapartes at, 195.
Lyceums, the, ii. 227; iii. 90.
Lyons, N.'s memoir to the Academy at, i. 78;
the "Two-cent Revolt" in, 79;
N. at, 79, 183; ii. 83; iv. [137], [156], [165];
honors to Paoli in, i. 124;
massacres and anarchy in, 188, 207, 213;
Girondist success at, 214;
siege of, 222;
fall of, 229;
recapture of, 249;
reorganization of the Cisalpine Republic at, ii. 231;
Fesch becomes archbishop of, 258;
repulse of Bubna from before, iv. [67];
Augereau driven back to, [81];
assaulted by the allies, [94];
evacuated by Augereau, [94];
Francis I, at, [97];
constitutional assembly summoned to, [156];
reception of Artois and Macdonald at, [156];
national assembly at, [166].
Lyons Academy, the, N.'s essay before, i. 137-140;
N.'s competition for prize of, 164.

M

Macdonald, Gen. E. J. J. A., commanding Army of the North, i. 347;
a product of Carnot's system, 332;
ordered to command in Naples, ii. 87;
succeeds Championnet, 92;
defeated on the Trebbia, 92;
action on the 18th Brumaire, 105;
commanding guard at Versailles, 108;
commanding in the Grisons, 190;
crosses the Splugen, 192;
created Duke of Tarante, iii. 86;
commanding in Italy, 211;
pursues Archduke John into Hungary, 213;
at Villach, 217;
battle of Wagram, 229;
strength, March, 1812, 324;
in Russian campaign, 338;
reaches Tilsit, 384;
campaign of 1813, 402;
battle of Lützen, 404;
battle of Bautzen, 409;
beleaguers Schweidnitz, 413;
confronts Blücher at the Bober, iv. [7], [15];
detailed to block Blücher's road into Saxony, [8];
fails in his movement against Berlin, [13]-19;
battle of Katzbach, [14], [15];
reinforcements for, [18];
attacked by Blücher at Fischbach, [18];
ordered to check Blücher's advance, [20];
battle of Leipsic, [29]-32, [34];
at crossing of the Elster, [34];
defends the Rhine at Cologne, [54];
Blücher attempts to cut off, [62];
fails to check Blücher's retreat, [64];
ordered toward Montmirail, [63];
ordered to join Victor at Montereau, [64];
his failure at Château-Thierry, [72];
before Bray, [72];
moral exhaustion of, [72];
opposed to Schwarzenberg, [76], [84];
driven beyond Troyes, [76];
demoralized at Provins, [81];
moves toward Vitry, [93];
at Perthes, [103];
Bourbon intrigues with, [113];
advises endeavor to recover Paris, [117];
strength after the surrender of Paris, [118];
at Fontainebleau, [119];
approves plan of attack on Paris, [120];
at the abdication scene, [121];
on commission to present abdication to the Czar, [125], [126];
rebuke to Marmont, [127];
transfers his allegiance, [129];
reception in Lyons, [157].
Macedonia, N.'s eye on, i. 424.
Macerata, annexed to Italy, iii. 69, 118.
Machiavelli, his "History of Florence," N.'s study of, i. 150;
on friendships, ii. 256;
theses concerning the Church of Rome, iii. 262.
Mack, Gen. K., leads Neapolitan army against Rome, ii. 72;
mobilizes the Austrian army, 358;
quartermaster-general with Archduke Ferdinand in Germany, 363;
N.'s opinion of, 363;
essays to cross the Danube at Günzburg, 366;
misled concerning N.'s movements, 366;
interview with N., 367;
result of his capitulation, 367.
"Madame Mère," i. 34.
See also [Buonaparte, Letizia].
Madeleine Islands, N. writes of their strategic importance, i. 91.
Madison, James, policy of nonintervention, iii. 102;
declares war against England, 321.
Madrid, effect of Marengo at, ii. 204;
Lucien Buonaparte minister at, 257;
the land-owning class in, iii. 123;
culmination of intrigues at, 126;
the queen regent of Etruria sent to, 129;
irritation against France in, 132;
Murat advances on, 134;
rioting in, 135;
entry of Ferdinand VII into, 139;
Murat enters, 139-142;
proposed visit of N. to, 141-143;
N. disapproves the seizure of, 141;
Charles IV a virtual prisoner at, 142;
placed under administration of a junta, 143;
announcement of the Bourbons' deposition in, 146;
revolt against Murat's tyranny in, 146;
Joseph assumes the government at, 149, 154;
Murat commanding at, 155;
the French possession of, in danger, 156;
the French evacuate, 158;
Sir John Moore's supposed movement on, 186;
the French army before the gates of, 187;
capitulation of, 187;
N. makes officers prisoners of war, 187;
French troops leave, 188;
chilly reception of N. in, 189;
French evacuation of, 191;
Wellington moves against, 290;
Victor Hugo at school in, 292;
George Sand in, 292.
Magallon, Charles, French consul at Cairo, ii. 47;
advocates seizure of Egypt, 47.
Magdalena, bombardment of, i. 192;
capture of, 237.
Magdalena Islands, expedition against the, i. 192.
Magdeburg, Hohenlohe's retreat to, ii. 434;
siege of, 436;
Frederick William's hard struggle to retain, iii. 56;
Queen Louisa's efforts to save, 57-63;
passes to Jerome with Westphalia, 57, 266;
parallel between Calais and, 62;
French occupation of, 202, 266, 328, 333, 393; iv. [2], [23].
Maginajo, Paoli's landing at, i. 125.
Magnano, battle of, ii. 88.
Mahmud II, proclaimed sultan, iii. 163;
makes treaty with Russia, 321.
"Mahomet" (Voltaire's), N.'s notes on, iv. [232].
Maillebois, N.'s study of, iv. [266].
Main, River, Augereau's force on the, ii. 190.
Main, Army of the. See [Army of the Main].
Mainau, ceded to Baden, ii. 391.
Maintenon, Mme. de, patron of the St. Cyr Academy, i. 176.
Mainz, evacuation of, i. 222;
ceded to France, ii. 21, 28, 38;
Marmont ordered to, 362;
N. leaves Paris for, 422;
occupied by Mortier, 424, 443;
sends deputation to Paris, iii. 380;
N. at, 401, 420, 421; iv. [39];
meeting of N. and Maria Louisa at, iii. 421;
French retreat to, iv. [36];
disease in, [36];
N.'s humanity at, [39];
defense of the Rhine at, [54];
Prussian forces at, [58];
N. concedes to the allies at Châtillon, [87].
Mainz, Bishop of, N.'s sarcasm to agent of, ii. 28.
Mainz, the Elector of, ii. 402.
See also [Dalberg, Archbishop].
Maison, Gen., available forces of, iv. [118];
transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, [132].
Maistre, Joseph de, on social order, iii. 89.
Maitland, Sir P., in battle of Waterloo, iv. [208], [209].
Maitland, Capt. F. L., takes N. on board the Bellerophon iv. [220];
relations with N., [220]-223.
"Malbrook s'en va t'en guerre," iv. [34].
Malet, C. F. de, conspiracy to overthrow the empire, iii. 361, 376;
his career and execution, 376.
Malmaison, N. at, ii. 206, 256, 306; iii. 196; iv. [218];
social vices at, iii. 92;
Josephine withdraws to, 247;
N. visits Josephine at, 257.
Malmesbury, Earl of, mission to Paris (1796), i. 449;
views concerning France, 449;
resumes peace negotiations at Lille, ii. 12.
Malojaroslavetz, battle of, iii. 355, 360.
Malta, N. plans seizure of, i. 424; ii. 16, 18, 33;
rival claimants of, 18;
French intrigues in, 56;
the citadel of the Mediterranean, 57;
N.'s expedition against, 56, 57;
capture of, 56, 57;
the Knights of St. John, 56, 59;
blockade of, 67;
besieged by England, 141;
Paul I seeks control of, 141, 154, 193;
French capture of, 154;
captured by England, 193;
proposed cession of, to Russia, 193;
England withdraws from, 211, 262;
Russia waives claim to, 210;
restored to the Knights of St. John, 262;
proposed cession by England, 267;
France pushes England for declaration concerning, 273;
England's occupation of, 280, 284, 289, 351, 352, 356;
England refuses to admit the Neapolitan garrison, 285;
N. suggests Austrian or Russian occupation, 285;
England insists on ten years' occupancy of, 285;
N.'s ambition concerning, 289;
proposal that England keep, 401;
importance of, iii. 111.
Mamelukes, scandals concerning, ii, 17, 58;
usurpation of Egypt by, 47;
foundation of the military organization of, 58;
attack the French at Shebreket, 59;
in the battle of the Pyramids, 60;
enlisted in French army, 66;
the last of the, 77.
Manche, Letourneaux de la, member of the Directory, i. 309.
Manhood suffrage, i. 188.
Manin, last doge of Venice, death of, ii. 24.
Mann, Admiral, driven from the Mediterranean, i. 421.
Mannheim, N.'s line of retreat via, ii. 424;
proposed conference at, iv. [45], [68].
"Man of destiny," the, i. 321.
"Man on horseback," the, i. 301, 304.
Mansilla, Soult ordered to, iii. 188.
Mantua, capture of, i. 350;
military operations around, 359-361, 370-373, 378;
siege of, 372 et seq.;
garrison, 378;
importance, 379;
the siege raised, 380;
re-blockaded by the French, 383;
Wurmser relieves, 384;
Austria's efforts to relieve, 386, 406-418 et seq.;
N.'s critical position before, 389;
Wurmser's ineffectual sally from, 392;
bids defiance to France, 401;
Wurmser's defense and surrender of, 415-418;
disposition by treaty of Leoben, 439;
capture of, 451;
incorporated in the Cisalpine Republic, ii. 21;
lost to France, 92;
interview between N. and Lucien at, iii. 129;
trial and execution of Hofer at, 241.
Manufactures, condition of, at outbreak of the Revolution, i. 102;
encouragement of, ii. 220; iii. 25, 307.
"Manuscrit de l'Île d'Elbe," the, i. 177.
"Manuscrit de Ste. Hélène," repudiated by N., iv. [232].
Marat, J. P., head of the committee of surveillance, i. 188;
crimes and assassination of, 234.
Marbais, military movements near, iv. [186].
Marbeuf, Marquis de, tradition concerning his paternity of N., i. 31;
influences N.'s education, 43, 45, 52;
marriage of, 64;
death, 80, 115.
Marbeuf, Mgr. Y. A. de, bishop of Autun, social influence of, i. 69;
disgrace of, 93;
literary patron of N., 92.
Marbot, Gen., denies the story of Lannes's death-bed, iii. 224;
relates anecdote of the cantinière of Busaco, 291;
memoirs of, iv. [192], [193];
on Grouchy's blunders, [192], [193].
Marburg, junction of Austrian troops at, ii. 367.
Marceau, Gen. F. S., in battle of Fleurus, i. 273;
statue at the Tuileries, ii. 147.
March, River, military operations on the, iii. 230.
Marchfeld, the, fighting in, iii. 218;
military operations on, 224;
Prince Eugène left to guard, 235;
Bernadotte's failure on, 280.
Marchiennes, military operations near, iv. [173], [177].
Marciana, N. at, iv. [142].
Marcognet, Gen., in battle of Waterloo, iv. [201].
Marengo, N.'s over-confidence at, ii. 177;
topography of country near, 178, 179;
battle of, 176-186; iii. 196, 299;
N.'s triumphant return from, ii. 186;
N.'s desire for peace after, 189;
effect of the battle at Madrid, 204;
Moreau's troops employed at, 295;
celebration on the field of, 355;
statements concerning N.'s movements after, iii. 196;
N.'s narrow escape at, 382;
a nobility dating from, iv. [44];
its place in French history, [261].
Maret, H. B., secretary to N., ii. 215; iii. 19;
recovery of, 27;
influence of, 27;
increased activity of, 27;
created Duke of Bassano, 86;
report from Laborde to, 252;
member of extraordinary council on N.'s second marriage, 254;
succeeds Champagny in the Foreign Office, 318;
warlike zeal of, 326;
letter from N., Sept. 10, 1812, 347;
letter from N., Nov. 29, 1812, 372;
in charge of affairs in Lithuania, 375;
meeting with Metternich, 416;
on the Austrian marriage, 416;
letter from N., Aug. 23, 1813, iv. [7];
Minister of Foreign Affairs, [42], [46];
succeeded by Caulaincourt, [42], [46];
transferred to the Department of State, [46];
French dislike of, [46];
influence over N. at Dresden, [69];
on the Congress of Châtillon, [69], [70];
records anecdote of Caulaincourt after La Rothière, [69], [70];
persuades N. to resume negotiations, [74];
wrings concessions from N., [87];
letter to Caulaincourt, March 17, 1814, [87];
at council at St. Dizier, [104];
at the abdication scene, [121];
member of N.'s new cabinet, [159].
Maria, Queen of Portugal, mental alienation of, iii. 119;
embarks for Brazil, 121.
Maria, Amelia, princess of Saxony, mentioned for marriage with N., iii. 179.
Maria Amelia, queen of Saxony, reproaches Metternich for deserting N., iv. [43].
Maria Antoinetta Theresa, wife of Ferdinand VII, death of, iii. 124.
Maria Carolina, queen of Naples, alleged intrigues of, ii. 357;
approaching downfall, 337;
breaks her compact with N., 395.
Maria Louisa, of Austria, at Compiègne, iii. 148;
proposed marriage with N., 180, 252, 253;
preparations for her marriage, 253-257;
marriage in Vienna, 254-257;
progress from Vienna to Paris, 257;
meeting with N. at Compiègne, 258;
civil marriage, 258;
induction into her imperial court, 259-261;
personality and character, 260, 327, 330, 381;
visit to Holland, 269;
statue by Canova, 300;
birth of the King of Rome, 302;
abandonment of N., 302; iv. [135], [143], [162];
N.'s affection for, iii. 302, 323, 327, 381; iv. [233];
accompanies N. to Dresden, iii. 330;
married to Neipperg, 330;
returns from Dresden to Paris, 331;
at Prague, 331;
lack of affection for, in France, 377;
plan of regency for, 381, 421; iv. [114], [124];
visits Pius VII, iii. 390;
Metternich on her marriage, 416;
political ends subserved through, 416;
her marriage "a piece of stupidity," 418;
charged with treachery, 418;
meets N. at Mainz, 421;
dramatic appearances before the people, iv. [51], [52];
entrusted to the care of the National Guard, [53];
Francis I to, on the situation, [67];
prepares for extremities, [81];
Joseph enjoined to preserve her from Austrian capture, [91];
letter from N., March 23, 1814, [96], [100];
character as Empress-regent, [105];
her council, [106];
rebuked by N., [105];
flight from Paris, [106]-112;
establishes a regency at Blois, [115];
flight of, [117];
N. seeks her intervention with her father, [128];
declines to accompany N. to Elba, [135];
N.'s anxiety for, [135]-138;
takes refuge with her father, [135], [143];
at Rambouillet, [135];
N. breaks off relations with, [143];
succumbs to Neipperg's wiles, [143];
proposed coronation of, [157];
relations with Neipperg, [162];
disclaims connection with her husband, [162];
failure of the attempt to crown, [165];
besought for N.'s release, [231];
N.'s sentiments toward, [233].
Marie Louise, queen of Etruria, Lucien refuses to marry, ii. 257;
abdicates and goes to Madrid, iii. 129;
interview with N., 129;
supports Charles IV, 137;
ordered to Bayonne, 147.
Maria Theresa, character, iii. 37.
Marie Antoinette, tradition concerning, i. 44.
"Marie Louises," in the defense of Paris, iv, [99].
Mariotte, Talleyrand's agent in Leghorn, iv. [150];
plots to seize N., [150].
Maritime Alps, war in the, i. 196, 342, 345.
Markgrafneusiedl, military operations near, iii. 227-229.
Markkleeberg, fighting near, iv. [29].
Markoff, Count, Russian ambassador at Paris, ii. 263, 330;
at the Tuileries, March 13, 1803, 282, 283.
Marlborough, Duke of, military genius, i. 348;
N. compared with, 348.
Marmont, Gen. A. F. L., N. visits, i. 146;
records N.'s mercy, 233;
admiration for N., 237, 245;
accompanies N. to Paris, May 2, 1795, 263;
at Milan, 366;
records utterances of N. at Milan, 366;
service in Egypt, ii. 53;
N. tells him of intention to return from Egypt, 79;
reports declaration of Sir Sidney Smith, 79;
accompanies N. on his return from Alexandria, 81;
commanding at the military school, 108;
passes Fort Bard, 171;
in battle of Marengo, 120;
ordered from the Texel to Mainz, 362;
at Neuburg, 365;
character, 364; iv. [127];
letter from N. to, Nov. 15, 1805, ii. 378;
created Duke of Ragusa, iii. 86;
called to Vienna from Illyria, 225;
pursues Archduke Charles, 231, 235;
repulsed at Znaim, 235;
replaces Masséna, 289;
withdraws for concentration, 290;
move against Burgois, 290;
advances on Wellington, 290;
battle of Salamanca, 290, 343, 377;
campaign of 1813, 402;
the Saxon campaign, 404;
battle of Bautzen, 409, 410;
treachery, iv. [5];
recollections of N., [5];
confronts Blücher at the Bober, [7];
criticizes N.'s plans, [7];
battle of Dresden, [8], [9];
sent to support of Vandamme at Kulm, [15];
N. confesses failure to, [21];
characterization of the march to Leipsic, [26];
battle of Leipsic, [27]-30, [33];
on N.'s conduct after Leipsic, [31];
assigned to defense of the Rhine, [54];
at Montierender, [60];
falls into panic, [62];
moves from Sézanne against Blücher, [62];
annihilates Olsusieff's corps, [63];
demoralization of, [64];
pursues Blücher, [64];
driven by Blücher to Fromentières, [64];
junction of N. and, near Étoges, [65];
battle of Champaubert, [66];
ordered to hold Blücher, [71];
at Sézanne, [74];
checks Blücher at the Ourcq, [76];
loses Soissons, [77];
junction with N., [77];
battle of Laon, [79];
routed by York, [79];
at Eppes, [79];
disaster at Athies, [80], [82];
abandons Berry-au-Bac, [81];
rallies his troops at Fismes, [81];
captures Rheims, [81];
reproached by N., [82];
at Berry-au-Bac, [85];
defends the Paris line against Blücher, [86];
letter from N., March 20, 1814, [91];
ordered to Châlons, [91]-94;
joins Mortier at Fismes, [93];
plan of operations against Blücher, [94];
disobedience and incapacity of, [81], [93], [95], [99];
retreats to Fismes, [100];
junction with Mortier, [100];
supposed advantages of a retreat to Rheims, [100];
driven back to Charenton, [99];
driven back on Paris, [101], [105], [109], [110];
strength, [102];
empowered to treat for surrender, [111];
defense of Paris, [112], [113];
vanity, [113], [120];
concludes terms of surrender, [113];
approached by Bourbon intriguers, [113];
homage of Paris to, [113], [120];
denounced by N., [115];
receives the Emperor's congratulations, [116];
reveals the worst to the Emperor, [117];
ordered to take position under the walls of Paris, [116];
strength after the surrender of Paris, [118];
the treason of, [120];
terms of his secession, [120];
letter to Alexander, April 3, 1814, [119];
repeats the rôle of Monk, [120], [125];
sends treasonable documents to Berthier, [119];
seduces five of his generals, [125];
reveals his plot to Schwarzenberg, [125];
at Essonnes, [124];
attempts to explain away his action, [124];
demands to join the embassy to the Czar, [125];
"brought up in N.'s tent," [124];
aids in delivering up Souham's troops, [126], [127];
fails to face Alexander, [126];
demoralization among his troops, [126];
seeks audience with the Czar, [126], [127];
his subsequent career of treason, and death, [127];
despised by the imperial generals, [127];
coining of the word "ragusade," [127];
Macdonald's rebuke to, [127];
nicknamed Judas, [127], [147];
stricken from the list of marshals,

[127];
N. on his desertion, [128];
N.'s charge against, [130];
puts the Paris garrison under arms, [149];
applies for post of minister of war, [148];
attainted, [157];
N.'s forgiveness for, [233].
Marne, River, military operations on the, iv. [58], [61], [63], [76], [97], [99].
Marriage, under the Code, ii. 222, 224.
Marseillais, the, in the riots of August 10, 1792, i. 178, 179.
"Marseillaise," the, sung in Paris, i. 175;
permitted by imperial order, iv. [51];
played at Fontainebleau, [118].
Marseilles, N. at, i. 81, 115, 141, 184, 263, 307, 322;
sends deputation to Paris, 174;
demands abolition of monarchy, 174;
equipment of Sardinian expedition from, 191;
anarchy and massacres in, 207, 212, 214, 220, 234;
the Buonapartes in, 212, 263, 309;
defeat of the Jacobins in, 213;
movement of Marseillais on Paris, 214;
captured by Carteaux, 220;
refugees from, at Toulon, 221;
the "Bastille" of, 239;
N.'s views of the fortifications, 239;
feeling against N. in, 239;
circulation of counterfeit money in, 246;
news of the Terror in, 252;
reopening of commerce with Genoa, 257;
forced military loans in, 344;
Masséna commanding at, iv. [154];
N. sends emissaries to, [154].
"Marsh," the, position in the National Convention, i. 188.
"Marshal Forward," iv. [98].
See also [Blücher].
Marshall, John, Talleyrand attempts to corrupt, ii. 34.
Martial law, reforms of, i. 142.
Martinique, birthplace of Josephine Beauharnais, i. 313;
French squadron at, ii. 333;
French plans to strengthen, 333.
Mary, Queen (of England), likened to Queen Louisa, iii. 62.
"Masked Prophet," the, i. 86, 93.
Massa-e-Carrara, incorporated in the Cisalpine Republic, ii. 21;
given to Elisa (Buonaparte), 395.
Masséna, Gen. André, general in Army of Italy, i. 241, 345;
seizes Ventimiglia, 243;
plan of campaign in the Apennines, 243;
on the courage of his troops, 244;
defeats Austrians at Millesimo, 353;
at Lodi, 361;
defeated at Bassano, 388;
battle of Citadella, 388;
defeated by Alvinczy at Caldiero, 388;
military operations on the Piave, 388, 432;
attacked at St. Michel, 410;
in the Rivoli campaign, 413, 414, 416; ii. 323;
operations in the Italian Alps, i. 433;
captures Chiusa Veneta, 433;
seizes St. Michael and Leoben, 436;
operations on the river Mur, 436;
ordered to Switzerland, ii, 87;
military genius, 87; 440, iii. 283;
defeated at Zürich, ii. 93;
defeats Korsakoff at Zürich, 93; 142, 323;
fitted for rôle of General Monk, 94;
victories in Italy, 96;
supreme commander of the Army of Italy, 140, 160, 186, 362;
puts Suvaroff to flight, 142;
defeats Archduke Charles at Zürich, 141;
makes a forced levy in Switzerland, 153;
brings Switzerland into French hands, 164;
defense and surrender of Genoa, 165, 170, 172, 323;
plans for the relief of, 170, 172;
superseded by Brune, 190;
republicanism of, 190;
created marshal, 323;
leaves Italy for Austria, 380;
ordered to Naples, 395;
avarice of, 440;
venality of, iii. 81;
created Duke of Rivoli, 86;
yearly income and enormous fortune, 87, 224, 296;
to concentrate at Ulm, 203;
to concentrate on the Lech, 204;
movements on the Isar, 205, 208;
in campaign of Eckmühl, 206;
ordered from Augsburg to Ingolstadt, 206-208;
at Moosburg, 207;
in the Enns valley, 216;
crosses the Danube, 217;
in battle of Aspern, 219;
character, 224;
battle of Wagram, 227, 228;
commanding in Spain, 283;
disasters in the Peninsula, 284;
insubordination in his army, 285;
battle of Busaco, 284;
in Coimbra, 285;
march toward Lisbon, 285;
enters Portugal, 284;
Soult's jealousy of, 286;
Soult fails to relieve, 286;
withdraws toward Santarem, 286;
awaits reinforcements, 287;
failure in Spain, 287;
precarious situation before Lisbon, 288;
joined by Soult, 289;
defeated at Fuentes de Onoro, 289;
reinforcements ordered from Castile to, 289;
disgraced by N., 289;
succeeded by Marmont, 289;
holds his position, 289;
insubordination among his officers, 289;
punishes desertion, 291;
commanding at Marseilles, iv. [154];
neutrality of, [157];
recreated marshal, [167].
Masseria, Joseph, associated with N. in Corsica, i. 117;
success of his agitation, 119.
Massias, Baron N., French minister at Karlsruhe, ii. 305.
Matra, M. E., a rival of Paoli, i. 16.
Maubeuge, battle of, i. 332.
Maubreuil, Comte de, arranges for the assassination of the Emperor, iv. [119], [138].
Mautern, Hiller crosses the Danube at, iii. 212.
Maximilian, Archduke, evacuates Vienna, iii. 212.
Maximilian, Joseph, king of Bavaria, gives his daughter to Eugène de Beauharnais, ii. 399;
at the Erfurt conference, iii. 171;
his reforms in the Tyrol, 201;
threatens to join the coalition, iv. [16];
joins the allies, [22];
grant of autonomy to, [22];
defection of, [56].
Meaux, prison massacres in, i. 188;
Blücher moves on, iv. [77];
N.'s plan of movement via, [85];
evacuation of, [99].
Mecklenburg, territory restored to the reigning house, iii. 49.
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, proposal to include in North German Confederation, ii. 418.
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Duke of, refuses to furnish levies, iii. 394.
Mecklenburg-Strelitz, proposal to include in North German Confederation, ii. 418.
Mecklenburgs, the, assert their independence, iv. [40].
Medical School, lecture system of the, i. 281.
Medina de Rio Seco, French success at, iii. 156.
Mediterranean, the, English naval operations in, and power on, i. 207, 221, 257; ii. 15, 16, 56, 83; iii. 111;
naval operations in the, i. 421, 424;
departure of the English fleet from, 424;
N. a child of, ii. 15;
France's ambition for conquest of, 16;
the citadel of the, 18, 56;
N.'s schemes on, 18, 157; iii. 111, 112;
elaboration of plans for operations in, ii. 33;
importance, 46;
N. calls for ships in, 68;
Adm. Bruix sent to conquer, 79;
European jealousy regarding control of, 136;
English cessions in, 211, 262;
Villeneuve's orders for operation in, 372;
attempt to unite French fleets in, iii. 111;
N.'s mastery of, 264;
English trade with, 280;
Roman dominion of, 302.
Meerveldt, Gen., Austrian plenipotentiary at Leoben, i. 437;
Austrian plenipotentiary in treaty of Campo Formio, ii. 19;
defeated at Leoben, 368;
battle of Leipsic, iv. [28], [30];
at Austerlitz, [30];
sent to ask an armistice, [30];
captured at Leipsic, [30].
Megnadier, Gen., seduced by Marmont, iv. [125].
Mehemet Ali, accession to power, ii. 77.
Meike, on commission to notify N. of his sentence, iv. [226].
Meissen, French forces at, iii. 393.
Melas, Gen., commanding Austrian army in Italy, ii. 160;
drives Suchet across the Var, 165;
forces Masséna back into Genoa, 165;
military tactics, 165;
cuts off communication with Masséna, 169;
position on the Var, 169;
hurries to Turin, 169, 174;
N.'s plans for the defeat of, 169, 172;
reinforcements for, 170;
rallies his army at Alessandria, 174, 177;
capture of one of his couriers, 175;
military characteristics, 178;
crosses the Bormida, 178;
in battle of Marengo, 178-185;
retires to Alessandria, 180;
superseded by Bellegarde, 188.
Melnik, Austro-Russian troops near, iv. [3].
Mélun, the garrison at, iv. [118].
Melzi, Comte F., nominated for president of the Cisalpine Republic, ii. 231;
letter from N. to, March 6, 1804, 299.
Memel, Queen Louisa at, iii. 37;
proposal that Russia seize, 62;
Tolstoi visits Frederick William and Louisa at, 108.
Memmingen, captured by Lecourbe, ii. 168;
seized by Soult, 366.
Méneval, Claude F. de, statement of N. to, concerning the Duc d'Enghien, ii. 312;
reveals Maria Louisa's defection to N., iv. [143];
dismissed from the service of the King of Rome, [162].
Menou, Gen. J. F. de, commanding the Army of the Interior, i. 298;
ordered to disarm the insurgents, 299;
pusillanimity of, 301, 307;
service in Egypt, ii. 53;
professes Islamism, 65;
succeeds Kléber, 181;
surrenders in Egypt, 181;
disasters in Egypt, 211.
Mentone, N. in, i. 238.
Mercier, L. S., N.'s study of his "Philosophic Visions," ii. 54.
Merlin, P. A., member of the Directory, ii. 8, 35, 52;
interferes to prevent N.'s resignation as commander of Egyptian expedition, 52;
resigns from the Directory, 92;
seduced by Marmont, iv. [125].
Merseburg, Bernadotte at, iv. [27].
Méry, Blücher at, iv. [73];
captured by Oudinot, [73].
Messkirch, battle of, ii. 167.
Mettenberg, engagement on the, ii. 168.
Metternich, Prince von, character, ii. 131; iii. 417-420;
on N.'s designs of 1804-5, ii. 338;
on the treaty of Tilsit, iii. 72;
allusions to N.'s tenure of power, 104;
letter to Stadion, July 26, 1807, 104;
N.'s conversations and confidences with, 110, 278, 311, 333, 389, 418;
at St. Cloud levee, Aug. 15, 1808, 169;
deceived by the clique of Talleyrand and Fouché, 193;
goes to Vienna, 193;
plenipotentiary at Altenburg, 237;
suggests a union between N. and Maria Louisa, 252;
succeeds Stadion as foreign minister, 253;
reports France's financial condition, 305;
stirs up strife between France and Russia, 313;
reports the Russian army on the Danube, 314;
character of his negotiations with France, 317;
on the Russian war of 1812, 328;
interview with N. at Dresden, 389;
holds back Schwarzenberg, 395;
negotiations with England, 395;
prepares to desert N., 395;
seeks to embroil Russia and Sweden, 395;
negotiations with Hardenberg, 395;
negotiations with N., 395;
foresees the aims of the new coalition, 400;
triumph in the Saxon affair, 399;
N. fears the intrigues of, 409;
arranges a basis of mediation with Nesselrode, 415;
meeting with Maret, 416;
on the Franco-Austrian marriage, 416;
secret meeting with Alexander, 415;
double-dealing of, 418;
interview with N., 418-420;
demands suspension of the Franco-Austrian treaty of 1811, 419;
charged by N. with venality, 419;
poses as armed mediator, 420;
interview with N., June 27, 1813, 418-420;
letter to Francis, June 29, 1813, 419;
advocates a continental peace, 420;
encourages rivalries of petty potentates, 423;
at Congress of Prague, 422;
his policy exposed, 423;
diplomacy during the Frankfort parley, iv. [41]-44;
reproached for deserting N., [43];
letter to Caulaincourt, Nov. 9, 1813, [42];
letter from Caulaincourt, Dec. 2, 1813, [46];
suggests compromise plan of invasion of France, [57];
his memoirs, [66], [67];
position in European diplomacy, [66]-69;
influence over Castlereagh, [67];
desires to restore the Bourbons, [68];
his policy concerning France, [88];
strives to check Prussian ambition, [88];
on the European policy of 1814, [88];
relations with the allies, [97];
letter from N., March 28, 1814, [104];
besought to encompass N.'s exile, [138];
urges Maria Louisa to break relations with her husband, [143];
negotiates secret treaty between Austria, England, and France, [144], [145];
Fouché attempts intrigue with, [165].
Metternich, Countess, share in the Austrian marriage negotiations, iii. 253.
Metz, imprisonment of the Prince of Hesse-Cassel in, ii. 443;
sends men to relief of Paris, iv. [102].
Meuse, River, a French river, iii. 270;
military movements on the, iv. [166].
Mexico, scheme of a Bourbon monarchy in, iii. 134, 142.
Middle Guard, in battle of Waterloo, iv. [208].
Milan, under foreign yoke, i. 345;
N.'s entry into and subsequent visits to, 351, 362, 367, 400; ii. 175, 186; iii. 109; 129, 132;
defense of, by Beaulieu, i. 352-362;
flight of the Archduke from, 359;
coercion applied to, 361;
provisional government for, 367;
plundered of works of art, 368;
levy of enforced contributions from, 375;
N.'s influence in, 427;
N.'s residence at Montebello, 447, 452, 455, 456;
Gen. Clarke at, 451;
celebration of July 14, in (1797), ii. 4;
troops moved to Picardy from, 24;
Moreau ordered to cut Kray's communication with, 164;
plan of march to, abandoned, 169;
festival at, 173;
French entry into (June 2, 1800), 173;
N.'s care for the cathedral, 173;
Austrian evacuation of, 173;
Count of St. Julien sent to, 187;
coronation of N. at, 353, 354;
Prince Eugène Beauharnais viceroy at, 358;
sends deputation to Paris, iii. 380.
Milan decree, the, iii. 101, 109, 119, 321.
Milanese, the, provisional government for, i. 367;
scheme to organize republic in, 373;
disposition by treaty of Leoben, 439;
question of restoring to Austria, 452.
Milhaud, Gen. J. B., transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, iv. [132];
in Waterloo campaign, [173].
Military courts, reconstitution of, i. 142.
Military discipline, reforms in, i. 142-145.
Military schools in France, i. 48; iii. 91;
N.'s criticisms of, i. 61.
Military strategy, N.'s skill in, ii. 153;
the art of, 182.
Milleli, N.'s summer house and grotto, i. 135, 210.
Millesimo, military operations at, i. 352, 354, 355;
battle of, iv. [65].
Mincio, River, the, military operations on, i. 361, 371, 379, 381; ii. 88, 188;
boundary of Austrian holdings in Italy, ii. 181.
Minsk, N.'s scheme to seize, iii. 333;
the French retreat through, 363, 370.
Miollis, Gen. S. A. F., occupies the city of Rome, iii. 242.
Miot de Melito, i. 367;
conversations with N., ii. 162;
on the demonstration against England, 337;
"Memoirs" of, quoted, iii. 131.
Mirabeau, H. G. R., activity at the meeting of the Estates-General, i. 108;
on position of the Navarrese, 120;
plea for Corsica in the National Assembly, 120;
share in the conquest of Corsica, 120;
inspires amnesty to Paoli, 120, 124;
leads the National Assembly against Buttafuoco, 135;
military reforms of, 142;
succeeds Necker, 153;
death, 153;
opinion of Talleyrand, ii. 33;
statue at the Tuileries, 147;
his politics to be ignored, iii. 27.
Miranda, Bessières at, iii. 183.
Mississippi, River, the, the United States acquires control of, ii. 289.
Mittau, Louis XVIII at, iii. 52.
Mlawa, military operations near, iii. 13.
Möckern, military operations near, iv. [27], [30].
Modena, intrigue in the court of, i. 345;
held to ransom, 374, 375;
the armistice with, broken, 401;
Austria's protectorate over, 425;
Austria seeks to retain, 438;
disposition by treaty of Leoben, 438;
incorporated into the Cisalpine Republic, ii. 21;
N.'s bad faith with, 144.
Modena, Duke of, attempts to bribe N., i. 366, 445;
destruction of his government, 374;
driven from his throne, 401.
Modlin, French military stores in, iii. 333;
held by the French, 402.
Mohileff, French garrison in, iii. 341.
Mohrungen, skirmish at, iii. 10.
Moldavia, Russian ambition to possess, ii. 356; iii. 98, 105, 116, 176, 248, 310;
dismissal of the Turkish viceroy of, ii. 441;
alleged concession of, to Russia, iii. 55;
Russian evacuation of, 64;
N. offers to offset Silesia against Wallachia and, 107, 108, 113;
Russia threatened with the loss of, 314.
Molière, J. B., scene from "Tartufe," iii. 380.
Molitor, Gen. G. J. J., in battle of Aspern, iii. 220.
Möllendorf, Gen. R. J. H., Prussian commander, ii. 419.
Mollien, N. F., director of public debt, ii. 220;
keeper of the army-chest, 409, 410;
minister of the treasury, 410;
advises against war, iii. 308;
protests against issue of paper money, 389;
remark of N. to, iv. [159];
member of N.'s new cabinet, [159].
Monaco, Prince of, brought as prisoner to N., iv. [154].
Moncey, Gen., crosses the St. Gotthard, ii. 170, 172;
created marshal, 323;
created Duke of Conegliano, iii. 86;
invades Spain, 132;
defeated at Valencia, 154;
advances on Valencia, 156;
at Madrid, 156;
at Tafalla, 183;
moves against Castaños, 185;
besieges Saragossa, 186;
at review of the Guard at Fontainebleau, iv. [118];
recreated marshal, [167].
Mondego, River, Wellington retreats down the, iii. 284.
Mondovi, battle of, i. 354, 355.
Money-lenders, N.'s hatred for, ii. 122.
Monfalcone, ceded to France, iii. 239.
Monge, Gaspard, N.'s mathematical teacher, i. 181;
minister of the navy, 181;
founds the Polytechnic School, 281;
plunders Italian scientific collections, 369;
carries treaty of Campo Formio to the Directory, ii. 24;
warlike declaration against England, 32;
elaborates plan for operations, in the Mediterranean, 33;
accompanies N. on his return from Alexandria, 81;
member of the senate, 151;
N.'s friendship with, 335;
created baron, iii. 297.
"Moniteur," the, records "Buona Parte's" action at Toulon, i. 230;
records N.'s daily life, ii. 30;
on the events of the 18th Brumaire, 106;
excites warlike feeling in France (1800), 146;
attacks England, 271, 294;
publishes Sebastiani's report, 273;
on the imperial court at Aachen, 339;
threatens Austria, 361;
on the field of Austerlitz, 391;
insults Prussia, 400;
announces the position of the Napoleonic princes, iii. 82;
announces the fall of the House of Braganza, 121;
justifies French invasion of Spain, 133;
publishes "authorized" reports of the Spanish failure, 197;
on Austrian aggressions, 213;
announces the annexation of Holland, 277;
N. offers Alexander the use of, 315;
proclamation to the National Guard, March 8, 1815, iv. [145].
Monk, Gen. George, N. is offered the rôle of, ii. 9;
Masséna fitted for the rôle, 94;
N. compared with, 230;
Marmont emulates the rôle, iv. [120], [125].
Monnier, Gen. J. C., in battle of Marengo, ii. 119.
Monroe, James, President of United States, understanding with England, iii. 48.
Monroe Doctrine, the, iv. [298].
Montalivet, Comte J. P. B., member of the Empress-regent's council, iv. [106].
Mont Blanc, Department of, i. 222.
Montbrun, Gen. L. P., commanding cavalry in Russian campaign of, 1812, iii. 324.
Mont Cenis pass, the, crossed by N., ii. 27;
crossed by Turreau, 170, 172;
Austrian watch on, 170;
the road over, 349; iii. 74.
Monte Albaredo, the French pass over, ii. 171.
Monte Baldo, military operations near, i. 380, 388, 410-414.
Montebello, the Austrian retreat toward, i. 392;
N.'s residence at, 447, 452, 455, 456;
Josephine at, 455;
Genoese embassy to, ii. 11;
engagements near, 176;
battle of, 196;
Lannes created Duke of, iii. 86.
See also [Lannes].
Monte Legino, Rampon's stand at, i. 356, 393.
Montenotte, battle of, i. 353; iv. [65].
Montereau, military movements near, iv. [65], [68];
Victor ordered to seize, [71];
besieged by the Crown Prince of Würtemberg, [72];
battle of, [72], [73];
captured by the French, [72], [73].
Monte Rotondo, Carlo Buonaparte at, i. 31.
Montesquieu, C. de S., views on Corsica, i. 19;
N.'s views on his political speculations, ii. 49, 51;
N.'s study of, 54;
on human ambition, iii. 82;
N.'s admiration for, 176;
"Grandeur and Fall of the Romans," iv. [69].
Montesquiou, A. A. A., royalist intrigues of, iv. [107];
member of the executive commission, [115].
Montesquiou, Mme. de, governess to the King of Rome, iv, [53].
Montgelas, M. J. G., Bavarian minister of state, iii. 179.
Mont Genèvre, building a road over, ii. 349.
Montholon, Charles, the "Manuscrit de l'Île d'Elbe" attributed to, i. 177;
N.'s declaration to, concerning the Duc d'Enghien, ii. 311;
accompanies N. to St. Helena, iv. [214];
residence on the island, [231];
assists N. on his history, [232];
remark of N. to, [233].
Monthyon, Gen., escorts N. from the field of Waterloo, iv. [211].
Montierender, military movements at, iv. [61].
Montmartre, defense of, iv. [109];
captured by the Prussians, [111].
Montmirail, battle of, iv. [63], [64].
Montmorency, royalist intrigues of, iv. [107].
Montpellier, death of Carlo Buonaparte, at i. 63.
Mont St. Jean, Wellington's retreat to, iv. [184], [190];
possibility of Grouchy reaching, [192];
topography of, [195];
Wellington's center at, [195];
fighting at, [214].
Moore, Sir John, commanding English troops in the Peninsula, iii. 186;
at Salamanca, 186;
at Astorga, 186, 187;
French search for, 187;
prepares to attack Soult, 188;
crosses the Esla, 188;
destroys magazines at Benevento, 188;
reaches Corunna, 188;
his retreat, death, and example, 189;
defeat of Soult, 286.
Moosburg, Archduke Charles's force at, iii. 207;
Masséna at, 207.
Morand, Gen. L. C. A., in the Eckmühl campaign, iii. 208;
battle of Borodino, 344;
in battle of Waterloo, iv. [205].
Moravia, Kutusoff's advance into, ii. 367.
Moreau, Gen. J. V., a product of Carnot's system, i. 332;
commanding forces at Strasburg, 347;
at Munich, 384;
defeats Archduke Charles, 385;
crosses the Rhine at Kehl, 385;
operations on the Rhine, 435;
military genius, 350; ii. 163, 164, 300; iv. [2];
fails to reinforce N., i. 438-443;
crosses the Rhine near Strasburg, 440;
declines to aid the Directors, ii. 6;
serves in the Army of Italy, 72;
suspected of complicity with Pichegru, 72, 164, 298;
last stand in Piedmont, 83;
succeeds Schérer in command, 88;
military operations in the Apennines, 93;
succeeded by Joubert, 92;
tempted with a dictatorship, 94;
tainted with royalism, 94;
joins the Bonapartist ranks, 97;
a banquet at St. Sulpice, 100;
relations with the Directory, 100;
commanding guard at the Luxembourg, 108;
blamed for imprisoning Moulins and Gohier, 108;
appointed to command the Army of the Rhine, 140, 160;
personal ambition, 140, 163; iv. [3];
a military rival of N., ii. 140, 163, 192;
N.'s scheme to strengthen, 163;
letter from N., March 16, 1800, 163;
ordered to take the offensive, 163;
participation in the revolution of Brumaire, 164;
lack of supplies for, 165;
crosses the Rhine, April 25, 1800, 166;
outwits Kray, 166;
passes the Black Forest, 166;
defeats Kray at Messkirch and Engen, 167;
troops detached from, 170;
levies contributions on South Germany, 186;
effect of his victories, 186;
occupies Munich, 186;
fortresses ceded to, 188, 189;
representative of Revolutionary traditions in warfare, 181;
position near Munich, 190;
battle of Hohenlinden, 191;
eclipses N. in military glory, 192;
advances toward Vienna, 192;
republican sentiment in his army, 235;
fall of, 241, 295-299, 302;
implicated in the Cadoudal conspiracy, 296 et seq.;
arrest and imprisonment of, 298;
popular denunciation of, 299;
banishment of, 299;
takes up arms against N., 299;
mortally wounded at Dresden, 299; iv. [12];
effect of his disgrace, ii. 318;
movements at Munich, iii. 203;
summoned from America for European service, 407; iv. [3];
goes over to the allies, [3];
with Schwarzenberg's army,

[3];
character, [3];
enters the Russian service, [3];
ambition to acquire the French crown, [3];
treachery of, [5];
plans the battle of Dresden, [7], [8];
refuses to fight against his country, [8];
death, [82];
funeral mass celebrated for, [146].
Moreau, Mme., ambition of, ii. 299.
Morlaix, Villeneuve at, ii. 375.
"Morning Chronicle," on England's indifference to French affairs, iv. [163].
Morsbach, military movements near, iii. 206.
Mortier, Gen. E. A., a product of Carnot's system, i. 332;
occupies Hanover, ii. 287;
created marshal, 323;
destruction of his division, 368;
annihilated at Dürrenstein, 378;
in the Austerlitz campaign, 380;
occupies Mainz, 424, 443;
seizes the Prince of Hesse-Cassel, 443;
threatens Stralsund, iii. 19;
battle of Heilsberg, 29;
battle of Friedland, 30;
created Duke of Treviso, 86;
yearly income, 87;
reinforcements for, 165;
occupies Franconia, 165;
forces in Spain, 191;
ordered to blow up the Kremlin, 355;
in the retreat from Moscow, 357;
commanding the Guard, campaign of 1813, 402;
battle of Dresden, iv. [9];
holds Pirna, [12], [18];
battle of Leipsic, [29];
at Troyes, [60];
battle of Montmirail, [63];
at Soissons, [74];
junction with N., [77];
checks Blücher at the Ourcq, [76];
battle of Laon, [79];
defends the Paris line against Blücher, [86];
at Rheims, [86];
at Soissons, [86];
junction with Marmont at Fismes, [93];
driven back to Charenton, [99];
junction with Marmont, [99];
driven back on Paris, [101], [105];
defense of Paris, [112], [113];
concludes terms of surrender, [113];
denounced by N., [115], [116];
ordered to take position under the walls of Paris, [116];
strength after surrender of Paris, [118];
attachment to N., [117];
absent from the Waterloo campaign, [171].
Moscow, N. threatens to march to, iii. 304;
military enthusiasm in, 336;
Russian retreat from Smolensk toward, 339;
N.'s line from the Niemen to, 340;
defense of, 343-345;
agreement of the opposing generals as to its capture, 345;
the Kremlin, 345, 347;
capture and burning, 345-349;
N. expects Alexander to save, 347;
N.'s political and military blunders at, 343, 348;
fountain of Russian inspiration, 347;
topography, buildings, monuments, etc., 348;
Russian abandonment of, 349;
disputed honor of the conflagration, 349;
pillage of, 350;
the French army in, 349-352;
N.'s dissipation in, 352;
N.'s intention to be crowned in, 352;
French retreat from, 352-356, 357 et seq.;
throwing away the spoils of, 358;
destruction of, 382;
Alexander's desire to avenge the French seizure of, iv. [41].
Mosel, River, military operations on the, iv. [58].
Moskwa, River, military movements on the, iii. 344, 348.
Moulins, J. F. A., member of the Directory, ii. 92;
represents Jacobin element in the Directory, 94;
proposed resignation of, 101;
refuses to resign, 108;
imprisonment of, 108, 115;
N.'s charges against, before the Ancients, 113.
"Mountain," the, position in the National Convention, i. 188;
suspects an English party in Corsica, 196;
action discussed in the "Supper of Beaucaire," 218;
N.'s affiliation with, 242;
fall of, 248;
factions in, 250;
status in the provinces, 268;
annihilation of, 284.
Moustier, question of Grouchy's moving to, iv. [192], [193].
Mozhaisk, military operations at, iii, 347, 356;
depot of the French army at, 357.
Müffling, Gen., in battle of Waterloo, iv. [204].
Muiron, killed at Arcole, i. 400.
Mulde, River, contemplated movements on the, iv. [24].
Müller, W., member of Prussian reform party, ii. 415.
Multedo, member of Directory of Corsica, i. 133;
denounces N., 254;
letter from N., 257.
Münchberg, Soult at, ii. 428.
Munich, Moreau at, i. 384; ii. 186, 190; iii. 203;
military operations near, ii. 191;
Méhée de la Touche's machinations in, 297;
expulsion of the English envoy at, 330;
the Elector of Bavaria reoccupies, 377;
N.'s plan to reach, iii. 204.
Münster, position in the French Empire, iii. 279.
Mur, River, military operations on the, i. 434.
Murad Bey, attacks the French at Shebreket, ii. 59;
battle of the Pyramids, 60;
worries N. with mysterious intrigues, 76;
fails to assist the Rhodes expedition, 77;
death, 77.
Murat, Gen. Joachim, at Borghetto, i. 372;
threatens Genoa, 373;
in Rivoli campaign, 415;
service in Egypt, ii. 53;
ordered to kill hostile tribesmen, 70;
battle of Aboukir, 78;
accompanies N. on return from Alexandria, 81;
action on the 18th Brumaire, 105;
commanding guard at St. Cloud, 108;
proposes to clear the Orangery, 117;
pursues the Austrians from Milan, 173;
battle of Marengo, 179;
commanding in central Italy, 190;
watches Naples, 190;
his plebeian birth, 195;
marries Caroline Buonaparte, 195, 258;
guardian to King Louis's widow, 233;
military commandant at Paris, 308;
share in trial of d'Enghien, 310;
created marshal, 323;
at N.'s coronation, 342;
captures Werneck's division at Nördlingen, 367;
enters Vienna, 368;
reproached by N., 368;
crosses the Tabor bridge, 368;
base conduct at Vienna, 369;
vanity of, 378;
permits Kutusoff's escape, 378;
"destroys the fruits of a campaign," 379;
pursues the Russian force, 378;
checked by Bagration at Hollabrunn, 379;
outwitted by Kutusoff at Hollabrunn, 379;
battle of Austerlitz, 386, 388;
Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg, 403;
takes title of Joachim I, 403;
his ambitions, 416;
Prussian campaign of 1806, 422, 428, 429;
personal attendance on N., 425;
at Saalburg, 428;
in battle of Jena, 429;
character, 436; iii. 139, 141;
invests Magdeburg, ii. 436;
pursues Hohenlohe, 436;
at Golymin, iii. 4;
strength in Poland, 7;
in campaign of Eylau, 15-17;
pursues Bennigsen, 18;
battle of Heilsberg, 29;
pursues Lestocq from Friedland, 32;
at Tilsit, 52;
interview with Queen Louisa, 61;
assumes title of Napoleon, 82;
advances on Madrid, 134;
at Burgos, 134;
assumes command in Spain, 134;
his dilemma, 139;
his protection sought by Charles IV, 138;
letter to N., March 25, 1808, 139;
enters Madrid, 139-142;
ambition to secure the Spanish throne, 139, 146, 150;
letters from N., March, 1808, 141;
designated Protector of Spain, 141;
relations with N., 141;
attitude of Spanish people toward, 141;
his policy in Spain, 141, 142;
refuses to recognize Ferdinand, 143;
trouble with his prisoner Godoy, 145;
appointed dictator of Spain, 146;
Madrid revolts against, 146;
N. offers him the crown of Naples or of Portugal, 147;
executes patriots in Madrid, 147;
becomes king of Naples, 149, 278, 319;
N.'s control over, 151;
butchery in the Madrid riots, 151;
strength at Madrid, 155;
commander-in-chief at Madrid, 155;
executes decree depriving the Pope of secular power, 242;
member of extraordinary council on N.'s second marriage, 253;
violates the Continental System, 266;
strength, March 12, 1812, 323;
cavalry command in the Russian campaign of 1812, 324;
urges action at Vitebsk, 338;
battle of Smolensk, 340;
remonstrates against fighting at Smolensk, 340;
enters Moscow, 345;
reports the temper of the Russian peasantry, 350;
sudden attack on, 352, 355;
desperate fighting on the retreat from Moscow, 362;
ordered to form behind the Niemen, 373;
commanding the remnants of the grand army, 373;
deserts the army and returns to Naples, 373, 385, 393; iv. [51];
crosses the Niemen, iii. 384;
enters Königsberg, 384;
held to his allegiance, 421;
battle of Dresden, iv. [10];
sent to support Vandamme at Kulm, [15];
fails to check Schwarzenberg or hold Blücher, [17];
ordered to hold Schwarzenberg, [22], [23];
battle of Wachau, [27], [28];
battle of Leipsic, [27], [28], [32];
forms alliance with Austria, [55];
marches on Rome, [56];
censured by N., [56];
deserts N., [56], [59];
characterization of Talleyrand, [107];
uneasy for his throne, [144];
deposed, [145];
Soult opposed to, [157];
condemned to death, [225].
Murat, Mme., marital relations, ii. 258.
Murati, success of, at Bastia, i. 119.
Museum of Arts and Crafts, founded, i. 281.
Mustapha IV, seeks the friendship of France, iii. 106;
overthrows Selim III, 106;
weak reign of, 163;
murders Selim III, 162.

N

N, Napoleon's monogram, iii. 40.
Namur, military operations near, iv. [171], [176], [182], [186], [211].
Nangis, Victor and Oudinot driven back to, iv. [65];
Wittgenstein driven from, [72];
N. at, [72];
Berthier at, [72];
French retreat stopped at, [84].
Nansouty, Gen., in the Eckmühl campaign, iii. 208;
commanding cavalry in Russian campaign of 1812, 324;
moves from Sézanne against Blücher, iv. [62];
ordered toward Montmirail, [63];
transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, [132].
Nantes, immunity from the White Terror, iv. [222].
Napier, Gen., in battle of Waterloo, iv. [208].
Naples, Bourbon influence in, i. 21;
humiliation of, 192, 374;
aids in defense of Toulon, 221;
under foreign yoke, 345;
French proposition to revolutionize, 373;
becomes refractory, 401;
makes peace with France, 402;
N.'s leniency to, 421;
N.'s influence in, 448;
plunder of, ii. 17, 18;
arrogance of, 17, 18;
diplomatic offset of Spain against, 18;
claims Malta, 18;
neutralization of, 33;
dread of French spoliation in, 39;
makes war on Rome, 68, 72, 86, 87;
spread of revolutionary ideas to, 86;
joins the second coalition, 86, 91;
Macdonald ordered to, 87;
Bonapartist agency in, 89;
capture of, by Championnet, 87, 93;
unbridled license at, 92;
watched by Murat, 190;
Russia intercedes for, 203, 204;
English ships forbidden to enter, 204;
forced contributions from, 204;
France withdraws from, 211, 262, 287;
not allowed to garrison Malta, 284;
seized by Saint-Cyr, 287;
fate of her admiral, Caraccioli, 300;
Russia demands France's evacuation of, 330, 347;
independence of, 357;
a focus of anti-French conspiracies, 357;
N. demands expulsion of emigrants from, 357;
N. threatens to seize, 362;
Villeneuve ordered to, 371;
Prussia bound to secure the liberties of, 377;
banishment of the Bourbons from, 391, 395, 401; iii. 214;
Russian occupation of, ii. 395, 418;
Joseph Bonaparte made king of, 395, 439; iii. 148;
Masséna ordered to, ii. 395;
rupture of the Queen's engagement with N., 395;
opened to English ships, 395;
N. exacts tribute from, 396;
Russia evacuates, 405;
vassalage to France recognized at Tilsit, iii. 54;
trouble concerning the Papal States, 67;
abolition of the hostile strip between Italy and, 118;
financial and political reform in, 130;
Murat becomes king of, 147, 150, 279, 319;
England's loss of trade with, 272;
seizure of American ships by, 275;
Murat returns to, 373, 385;
fails to support N., iv. [57], [59];
insecurity of Murat's throne, [144];
refrains from joining the European coalition against N., [162].
Naples, King of. See [Buonaparte, Joseph].
"Napoladron," iii. 292.
Napoleon Buonaparte.
(Note.—Items concerning Napoleon's relations with persons or places will be found under the respective names of such subjects.
For a conspectus of events in his career, see the Tables of Contents in each volume.
For aphorisms by or concerning Napoleon, see [Phrases].
For details of his character see paragraph below,—Analysis of character.)
Birth and infancy, i. 33-47;
brothers and sisters, 33, 34;
forms of his name, 38;
nicknames, 39;
his personal recollections of childhood, 40, 45;
development of military genius at the snow forts, 53;
challenges a schoolmate, 51;
letter to his father, 58;
conceptions of the state, 78;
aptitude for the navy, 57;
two enemies of, 65;
views on and first lessons in revolution, 123-134, 156, 190;
hatred of France, 92, 122;
improvement in financial condition, 127;
a Corsican revolutionist, 130;
first appearance as an orator, 132;
political schemes, 137;
certificates as to his republicanism, 136, 140;
prepared for confirmation, 146;
his detractors, 148;
his desire concerning his biographies, 148;
course of life from 1791 to 1795, 148 et seq.;
payment of debts, 149;
growing notoriety, 156;
a starting-point of his career, 159;
addresses the Minister of War on the National Guard, 159;
debts of, 159;
a Corsican Jacobin, 160-179;
strained relations with the Ministry of War, 160, 295;
purchases sequestrated church lands, 161;
election methods, 166;
his "civism," 170, 180;
with the mob at the Tuileries, 176;
on riots, 176;
relations with the Marseilles deputation, 178;
on the conflict of August 10, 1792, 178;
seeks commission in naval artillery, 182;
aims at Corsican leadership, 202;
failure in politics, 211;
general of brigade, 232, 236-242, 287;
his own record of his life, 237;
influential friends, 236, 240, 244;
a Jacobin general, 236-246;
denies his nobility, 237;
refuses to obey the Convention's summons, 240;
a Montagnard, 242;
the "plan-maker" of the Robespierres, 245;
the germ of his military system, 247;
vicissitudes in war and diplomacy, 247, 259;
suspension and arrest, 254-259;
appeal to the "representatives of the people" (1794), 255;
release, 257;
the end of apprenticeship, 260-271;
degraded from artillery to infantry, 278;
Jacobin proclivities, 284, 286;
renounces Jacobinism, 286;
the General of the Convention, 287-301;
plans marriage and settled life, 294;
jealousy directed against, 310;
his police services, 310;
courtship and marriage, 310, 323;
a typical Corsican, 311;
views on love and marriage, 311;
adopts new spelling of his name, 321;
a product of Carnot's system, 332;
the Œdipus of France, 339;
on a great stage, 339-351;
demands reinforcements, 347;
insists on unity of command, 348;
keynote of military policy, 348;
secret of his military success, 351;
"the Little Corporal," 362; iv. [154];
an insubordinate conqueror and diplomatist, i. 363-377;
entrusted with diplomatic powers, 364;
threats against, 364;
prostitution of his subordinates, 366, 376;
scheme of art plunder, 368;
views concerning arts and sciences, 369;
plans succeeding the capture of Milan, 372-377;
refuses bribes, 376;
a prophecy fulfilled, 385;
narrow escapes, 393;
extinction of the Corsican in, 404;
memoirs, 417;
military jealousy directed against, 426;
independent attitude of, ii. 4;
attitude toward royalty, 4;
"a personage in Europe," 9;
plans for building up sea power, 18;
bribery of and by, 19;
constructive commander-in-chief of French forces, 36;
represses pillage, 42;
supplanter of the Revolution, 46;
his "complete code of politics," 49;
theories of government, 49, 50;
doubtful points in connection with the Egyptian campaign, 49-52;
on English political history, 50;
"the pear is not yet ripe," 52;
assumes the rôle of a prophet, 66;
el Kebir, the Exalted, 67;
receives secret information from his brothers, 79;
summoned to take supreme command, 80;
death at St. Helena, 82; iv. [234];
gives toast: "the harmony of all the French," ii. 101;
scheme to make him consul, 102;
secret meeting of his friends, 15th of Brumaire, 102;
critical moment in Talleyrand's house, 103;
temporary dictator, 106;
speech to Barras's messenger, 19th Brumaire, 107;
dangerous confidence of, 109;
"traitor and outlaw," 113, 115, 122;
the arbiter of French destiny, 121;
reports of his wealth, 122;
First Consul, 124, 125, 130;
royalist predilections for, 134;
his choice of two policies, 138;
the epoch of, 139;
importance in universal history, 139;
apparent loss of military ambition, 140;
choice of administrators, 140, 149-153;
English views of, 143, 144;
salary as First Consul, 150;
the personality of the council of state his, 152;
aims at centralization of government, 153;
beneficent effects of his régime on the world, 153;
controls foreign relations, 153;
foreign policy, 157, 158;
makes enemies as First Consul, 158;
the fate of France identified with his, 158;
contrasts administrative with military glory, 164;
on the art of war, 165;
expansion of his schemes, 172;
his favorite tactics, 177;
distinction between the statesman and the general, 183-185;
violation of the constitution in assuming command, 186;
undisputed mastery of France, 185;
sportive tricks with old dynasties of Europe, 194;
period of his greatest renown, 198;
married life, 198, 199, 256;
malicious libels on, 199;
as kingmaker, 205;
urged by Russia to declare himself king, 209;
codification of the laws, 222;
regenerates feudal society, 224;
study of law, 227;
his interest in education, 227;
the new era, 229;
method of deporting opposition, 235-238;
apparent summit of his power, 239;
plots and attempts to assassinate, 239, 240; iv. [122], [138], [144];
policy toward his enemies, ii. 241;
popularity, 244-249;
proposal to make him king, 248;
the tool of fate and architect of his own fortunes, 250;
his first marriage, 250;
a soldier of fortune, 250;
at maturity, 250 et seq.;
a man of all ages, 253;
the personification of France, 253;
effect of conspiracies on, 255;
safeguards for, 256;
on friendships, 256;
on the forces by which kings rule, 256;
effect of his married life on the Code, 257;
war a necessity to, 268;
French admiration for, 377;
expansion of the revolutionary system, 278;
relations with the diplomatic corps, 279, 280;
consular levee of March 13, 1803, 280;
reception of diplomatic corps, Apr. 4, 1803, 284;
remonstrances against adulation of, 295;
mortification of, 312;
on the pinnacle of revolutionary power, 314;
brief review of his career, 314-318;
creates a virtual tyranny, 315;
"consul, stadholder, or emperor?" 321;
his imperial title, 323;
his civil list, 323;
heraldic device of the empire, 323;
secures the imperial succession to his family, 324;
inauguration of the empire, 326;
coronation, 327, 339 et seq.; iv. [249];
his naval plans of 1805, ii. 334;
reception of the news of Trafalgar, 334;
as a man of science, 335;
his strength with the army, 334;
forms of his strategy, 337;
fear of poison, 341;
encourages arts and sciences, 347-351;
first speech from the imperial throne, 347;
germs of the national uprising against, 348;
the spell of his name, 349;
deprecates war, 351;
backed by the nation, 352;
"moderation" of, 355;
anger at naval failures, 360;
rapidity and perfection of his movements, 363;
his military commanders, 364;
sinks the emperor in the general, 364, 423; iii. 112, 404;
the head of the French Empire, ii. 395;
demands recognition as Emperor of Rome, 396;
violation of dynastic ties, 404;
ideas about territorial sanctity, 404;
"Napoleon the Great," 407;
the imperial catechism, 408;
traveling arrangements, 425;
distrust of his suite, 426;
simplicity of his military dress, 438;
likened to an octopus, 445;
political methods and policies, iii. 1, 76, 115, 196, 316;
a new seat of war for, 3;
determined to "conquer the sea by land," 3;
new experience in campaigning, 5;
his first child, 11;
the center of his administration, 24;
the supports of his empire, 24;
centralization of government in, 25;
nameless charges against, 26;
his excuses for his license, 26;
his monogram (N), 39, 40;
commercial policy, 46, 137;
attitude toward the Russo-Prussian alliance, 54;
preference for action before words, 66;
recognizes the power of decorations, 81;
drafts on his associates, 81;
the surname of Napoleon, 82;
on the ambitions of the French people, 83;
on paternal government, 83;
personal decrees, 86;
recognizes popular fickleness, 86;
creates a titled class, 86;
art under, 88;
system of imperial patronage, 91;
discourages gambling, 92;
relations with his friends and generals, 93;
imprisons a milliner, 92;
pert remarks addressed to, 94;
supposed cause of the turn of his fortunes, 96;
ignorance concerning American affairs, 101;
realizes the limitations of his power, 110;
his "master," 110;
ill luck at sea, 112;
political system of, 115;
the height of his power, 115;
crushes a watch in passion, 130;
his determination to crush opposition, 130;
intercepts suspected correspondence, 130, 162;
his "cabinet noir," 130;
turn of his fortunes, 137, 151;
justifies pillage, 159;
crushing blows, 159, 161 et seq.;
the embodiment of power, 160;
divorce impending, 160;
system of territorial expansion, 165;
his extinctions of ruling dynasties, 165;
diplomatic exhibit of his political scheme at St. Cloud, 169;
dramatic incident at performance of "Œdipe," 172;
appreciation of the drama, 173;
familiarity with ancient history, 174, 175;
thickening of the divorce plot, 179;
the character of his civilization, 179;
orders list of marriageable princesses to be prepared, 179;
a gang of self-seeking traitors to, 193;
well informed on the European situation, 195;
system of spies, 196;
skilful historians on, 196;
shifts responsibility for wars onto the enemy, 198;
his plan of campaigns, 202;
policy of wooing people and abusing their rulers, 213;
Bonaparte distinguished from Napoleon, 231; iv. [39], [133];
ultimate terms of peace, iii. 239;
sick of war, 238;
dread of assassination, 240;
excommunicated, 242;
change in his manner, 245;
his "harem," 246;
declining popularity, 249;
basis of his power, 250;
alleges the reasons for his divorce, 253;
decides on the Austrian marriage, 254;
second marriage, 259;
banishes the cardinals, 259;
renounces title of Roman Emperor, 261;
consolidation of his power, 262;
fills vacant bishoprics, 263;
extent of his empire, 264, 278;
change of naval policy, 264;
the national uprisings against, 269;
causes leading to his overthrow, 269;
mistaken policy of providing thrones for relatives, 278;
his perquisites in English sugar and coffee, 279;
Spanish schoolboys' nickname for, 292;
deals with state property for personal benefit, 295;
policy of personal attachments, 295;
his "extraordinary domain," 295, 305;
imperial residences, 301;
endows maternity hospital, 301;
chooses between lives of child and mother, 302;
aspirations for sea power, 304;
flood-tide of success, 305;
method of replenishing an empty treasury, 305, 309;
the man and the embodied political force of Europe, distinguished, 306-309;
"Emperor of the Continent," 308;
an incident that changed the course of history, 314;
new naval schemes, 315;
belief in the devotion of France, 316;
policy of territorial aggrandizement, 316;
his ideal, 319;
beginning of his decline, 319;
considered the anti-christ, 322;
secret funds, 323;
studies Roman history, 325;
warned against war by ministers and friends, 326;
warned of the fate of Charles XII, 326;
moral reforms, 327;
the climax of his drama, 331;
physical characteristics at opening of the Russian campaign of 1812, 332;
afflicted with dysuria, 332;
address to his army before the Russian campaign, 334;
plans of action, 335, 336;
longing for a great battle, 337;
desperate military straits of, 341;
deplores the barbarity of war, 343;
contracts a loathsome disease, 352;
weakness and indecision on the retreat from Moscow, 355;
shares the hardships of the army, 357, 362, 365;
commands a division of the army, 363;
bulletin of Dec. 3, 1812, 372;
false report of his death, 376;
wrath of the army against, 376;
"robbed the cradle and the grave," 386;
revolutionary training, 388;
his "library," 388;
on credit, 389;
faces a European coalition, 391, 392;
refuses to cede European holdings, 392;
conciliatory attitude, 393;
fallacies of his military schemes of 1813, 394;
aims of the new coalition against, 399;
belief in cavalry, 402;
attitude toward Austria, 404;
his blunder of 1813, 411;
the beginning of the final disaster, 411;
a tyro in dynastic politics, 416;
alleged turning-point in his career, 418;
suspects treachery, 418;
isolation of, 417, 423;
characterizes his Austrian marriage as stupidity, 418;
his first fatal blunder, 420;
tries to bribe Austria, 424;
former friends turn against, iv. [2];
advantage over the allies, [3];
the hazard of the die, [4];
characterization of the allies, [5];
value of his presence in the field, [10];
climax of disaster, [16];
appeals to sentiment rather than history, [16];
the wonder-year of his theoretical genius, [16];
transformed from strategist into politician, [17];
the diplomat outstrips the strategist, [16];
definition of a great man, [21];
outwitted by the allies, [25], [26];
the savior of society, [43];
found out by the masses, [44];
newness of his nobility, [44];
his aim the independence of the nations, [45];
spends his private treasure on the army, [50];
his last official act, [53];
no longer Emperor, [53];
leaves Paris for Châlons, [53];
value of his prestige, [60];
his supreme military effort, [59];
a famous march by, [64];
the allies' determination to exterminate the Napoleonic idea, [66], [67];
his military correspondence, 1814, [66];
yields to his marshals, [69];
estrangement and desertion of his marshals, [72], [121], [129]-132;
suggestion that he abdicate, [74];
realizes the war is for his extermination, [80];
"the spasmodic stroke of the dying gladiator," [83];
rouses the peasantry to guerrilla warfare, [85];
desperate scheme of, [90];
"this movement makes or mars me," [97];
capture of a bundle of letters from Paris for, [98];
chances for a last stand, [102];
contemplates a new levy, [106];
the allies refuse to treat with, [114];
proposal that he govern France under guarantees, [114];
overthrown by the legislature, [115];
regains his equilibrium, [117];
rage at learning of the surrender, [116];
the allies refuse to negotiate with, [117];
his first abdication, [117], [123]-125, [128];
influence over the troops, [118];
desertion of the army, [126];
the knell of the empire, [127];
proclamation of April 5, 1814, [129];
a homeless citizen of the world, [129];
determination never to be taken alive, [129];
final form of his declaration of abdication, [131];
use of the imperial style, [133];
the savior of European society, [133];
treatment accorded to, by the allies, [133]-142;
parting gifts to old acquaintances, [134];
treasure at Blois, [134];
denies the charge of usurpation, [135];
alleged to be a bastard, [137];
alleged theft of crown jewels, [138];
his true name said to be Nicholas, [138];
calumnies heaped on, [138], [143];
plots for the exile of, [138];
adopts disguise, [139];
farewell to the allies' commissioners, [140];
effect of English customs on, [140];
begins the administration of his island realm, [141];
treasure at the Tuileries, [141];
his historical commentaries, [141];
forced to practise economy, [142];
diminution of his private fortune, [144];
scheme to deport him still further, [145];
keeps informed as to course of European events, [146], [149];
scouts the idea of a regency, [152];
prepares for his escape, [152];
alleged fears of deportation, [152];
his escape justified, [152];
dismisses the peasantry from his column, [155];
troops flock to, [158];
forms his new cabinet, [159];
acquiesces in popular demand for constitutional government, [159];
the apostle of popular sovereignty, [160];
views on abolition of censorship of press, [160];
devotion to the cause of public liberty, [161];
resolution of the European dynasties to extirpate his régime, [161];
"the enemy and disturber of the world's peace," [162];
proclaimed an outlaw, [162], [164];
turns toward the moderate liberals, [165];
call for volunteers, [165];
his reconstituted corps of marshals, [167];
proclamation to the army, June 15, 1815, [173];
apparent successes of June 16, 1815, [184];
effects of his inactivity, [194];
his last dream of glory, [196], [197];
loss of the last chance, [205];
the emperor contrasted with the general, [207];
demand for his abdication, [217];
calls for him as dictator, [218];
idea of regaining the government by force, [218];
abdicates for the second time, [218];
adopts civilian's clothing, [219];
the government refuses responsibility for his safety, [219];
romantic schemes for his escape, [222];
desire for his execution, [224];
regarded as the common prisoner of the allies, [225];
General Bonaparte, a private citizen, [226];
appeals against his sentence, [226], [227];
upholds polygamy, [231];
his autobiography, [230], [231];
efforts for his release, [230], [231];
as a prisoner, [230]-235;
attempts intercourse with friends in France, [231];
farewell message to his son, [231];
his testament, [233];
bequests and their settlements, [233];
last sickness and death, [234];
a possible epitaph, [247];
his rise to power, [247] et seq.;
questionings as to his life and work, [247] et seq.;
his love of artillery, [248];
lack of education,

[250];
on greatness, [249];
influence on history, [253] et seq.;
early struggles, [254] et seq.;
methods of acquiring supreme power, [258], [262], [263];
lasting character of his work, [259];
legal reforms, [260];
police system of, [260];
centralization of his administrative system, [260], [261], [264];
social reforms, [260], [261], [264];
educational system, [260];
the secret of his downfall, [261];
position among lawgivers and statesmen, [260];
rule by military force, [261];
attitude toward democracy, [261];
deficient education in politics and history, [262];
influence on modern times, [262], [292];
popular distrust of his character, [263];
meets intrigue with intrigue, [263];
responsibility for bloodshed, [265];
causes of his downfall, [285]-288, [290];
his place in history, [285]-292;
essays the rôle of liberator, [286], [290], [293];
in captivity, [289];
his "Correspondence," [289];
roots out absolutism, [292];
his artificial aristocracy, [294].
Analysis of character.
Ability to mold men, ii. 4, 5, 9, 33-36, 56, 97, 98, 102-105, 126, 132, 142, 149-153, 159, 164, 194, 196, 234, 361; iv. [39], [258], [259];
as an adventurer, iv. [291];
ambition, i. 55; 65, 71, 113, 117, 136, 161, 191, 199, 203, 206, 209, 258, 263, 310, 311, 341, 346, 362, 405; ii. 14, 29-32, 48, 73, 157, 314, 437; iii. 19, 21, 46, 83, 109, 110, 114, 164, 245, 306, 308, 329; iv. [255], [261]-265, [292];
amusements, iv. [228], [230];
anxiety for his safety and comfort, iv. [134];
asceticism, i. 111;
autocracy, ii. 275;
bravado, iii. 18;
use of bribery, acceptance and rejection of bribes, i. 203; ii. 34;
as a burgher, ii. 279; iv. [248];
calmness under stress, ii. 334; iv. [165];
use of cant, iv. [45];
capacity for work, energy, industry, and attention to detail, i. 210, 225, 245, 261, 263, 367; ii. 10, 29, 153, 197, 215, 222, 426; iii. 19, 24-26, 29, 53, 74, 77, 92, 171, 182-184, 209, 210, 216, 268, 269, 325, 333, 336-338; iv. [23], [54], [248]-252, [265], [286];
casuistry, i. 144;
caustic, sarcastic or vigorous tongue or pen, i. 66, 118, 205; ii. 56, 58, 107, 108, 113, 159, 268, 391; iii. 34, 35, 61, 62, 65, 81, 213-215, 275, 327, 332, 343;
caution, i. 211, 253; ii. 122, 315, 384;
(lack of), ii. 315; iii. 3;
change in temperament, iii. 232;
character at Brienne, i. 58;
cheerfulness and good humor, ii. 197, 279; iii. 19, 52;
clemency, ii. 439;
coffee-drinking habit, iv. [24];
contempt for ideals, ii. 199; iii. 26, 88, 148, 315, 316;
contempt for men and money, iv. [264];
cosmopolitanism, [92];
courage, i. 265-390, 393, 405; ii. 385; iii. 16, 19, 188, 240; iv. [62], [77];
charge of cowardice against, ii. 384;
a criminal, iv. [250];
cruelty, ii. 70, 417, 439;
decay of physical and intellectual powers, neglect of details, vacillation, etc., iii. 27, 93, 181, 209, 239-241, 246, 332, 347, 355; iv. [21], [31], [91], [197], [205], [214]-218; [249], [285]-291, [293];
desire for peace, ii. 142, 420; iii. 238, 382, 407, 414, 418, 424; iv. [52], [160];
desperation, iii. 91;
despondency and pessimism, i. 80, 89, 98, 215; iii. 357; iv. [129];
despotism, iii. 80, 83, 86, 88, 121, 316; iv. [261];
the man of destiny and of the hour, the representative man of his epoch, a fatalist and opportunist, i. 1, 80, 143, 166, 171, 219, 237, 272-286, 321; ii. 97-110, 139, 381; iii. 61, 325; iv. [119], [168], [219], [256], [265], [289];
determination to rule or ruin, iii. 399;
his "divine character," ii. 407;
domestic virtues—filial, parental, and connubial affection, i. 58, 64, 81, 141, 145, 161, 264, 285, 291, 309, 452-455; iii. 181, 224, 246, 252, 269, 276, 302, 306, 323, 327, 381, 392, 416; iv. [134]-138, [169];
love of dramatic effect; ability as an actor, i. 210, 341; ii. 31; iii. 112; iv. [153], [166], [249];
dread of assassination and kidnapping, ii. 101; iii. 240, 368; iv. [139], [150];
dreams of universal and European empire, i. 323; ii. 269, 272, 331, 336, 395; iii. 46, 73, 111, 328, 408, 432, 433; iv. [42], [159];
dreams of Oriental conquest and empire, i. 78, 114, 293, 296, 317, 424; ii. 15-19, 47, 51-56, 61, 66, 73, 289, 440; iii. 20, 21, 33, 36, 51, 65, 106, 110-113, 117, 129, 159, 163, 166, 167, 309, 332, 352; iv. [256];
dress, i. 376; ii. 30, 438; iii. 40, 63, 93, 257;
duplicity, shiftiness, and versatility, i. 210, 234, 253, 265, 296, 299, 309, 396, 397, 447;
dynastic ambitions and longings for an heir, ii. 233, 244-249, 256, 308, 317, 322, 328, 341; iii. 82, 104, 112, 147, 160, 246, 249, 252, 255, 260, 301, 307, 381, 416; iv. [159], [287];
early education and later studies, i. 39-67, 71-82, 93, 114, 140-144, 151, 176, 182, 210, 265;
early military irregularities and inaptitude, i. 94, 96, 115, 157, 160-174, 210;
organizes educational system, ii. 409; iii. 26, 90;
egoism, vanity, and self-assertiveness, ii. 80, 113, 118, 344, 437; iii. 26, 73, 93, 191, 202, 245, 304, 316;
elasticity of spirits, iv. [117];
elements of his failure, iii. 401, 402;
endurance of privation, iii. 7, 18, 188, 209, 365;
equestrianism, sporting instincts, etc., iii. 52, 257;
exaggeration and disregard of truth, i. 233, 306;
as a financier, ii. 134, 219, 410; iii. 25, 78, 295-300, 315, 389; iv. [249], [251], [259], [295];
foresight and insight, ii. 44, 314, 437; iii. 318, 424;
generosity, hospitality, and charity, i. 134, 417; ii. 30, 82; iii. 171, 176, 295, 297, 300, 301, 330;
his all-embracing genius, ii. 203, 365;
habit of reducing thoughts to writing, iv. [23];
hallucinations and self-delusions, iii. 307, 332; iv. [91], [95], [104], [234];
hatred and vindictiveness, i. 287; ii. 29;
as a historian, iv. [152], [231], [288];
humanity, iv. [39];
his human supremacy, iv. [249];
an iconoclast, ii. 28;
imperious character, iv. [287];
inconsistency, iii. 165, 231, 238, 267; iv. [250]-253;
inelegance of manner, lack of breeding and delicacy, ii. 197-202, 255, 279, 411; iii. 42, 80, 179;
influenced by personal friendships, iv. [25];
intellectual powers, iii. 43;
intolerance of criticism, 88;
invincibility, ii. 78; iii. 392;
knowledge of human nature, ii. 227, 245;
qualities of leadership, i. 55, 59, 60, 113, 119, 129, 132, 134, 186, 211, 221, 242, 310, 339-341;
liberalism, ii. 443;
literary tastes, studies, style, and work, i. 53, 54, 60, 63, 71, 76-98, 114, 118, 123, 126-131, 135-147, 150, 163, 176, 199, 206, 211, 216-219, 225, 265, 289, 307, 364-368, 400; ii. 15, 54, 408; iii. 25, 26, 173-176, 300, 325; iv. [69], [134], [159], [228], [231], [289];
magnanimity (assumed), ii. 445;
magnificence, lavishness, and love of display, iii. 50, 91, 256, 295, 301, 330-332, 352;
a man of the people, 288 et seq.;
views on marriage, 300;
mathematical ability, i. 56, 66, 265;
military blunders, iii. 4, 336, 341, 354-356, 374; iv. [186];
military education, and early service in the army, i. 59, 60, 68, 73-82, 87, 94, 95, 126, 141, 144, 148, 157, 159-165, 180, 227, 232, 236-240, 245, 256, 265, 287, 292-297;
military genius and strategy, i. 53, 217, 226, 239, 247, 264, 295, 301, 304, 342, 345-351, 354-362, 368-373, 378-385, 387, 395, 412, 416-418; ii. 32, 163, 169, 172, 182-185, 363-366, 369, 380, 402, 419, 423-428, 435, 436; iii. 1, 2, 6, 13, 18, 29-35, 156, 184, 192, 204-207, 210, 217, 219, 222, 229, 235, 333-335, 341-343, 346, 353, 356, 363, 368, 382, 401, 402, 413; iv. [4], [8], [16], [19]-22, [29], [38], [54], [58], [59], [62], [65], [81], [92], [97], [146], [149], [154], [160], [170]-174, [180], [184], [197], [212], [231], [253], [256], [267], [287], [288], [289], [299];
denies moral responsibility, ii. 408;
nerve, iii. 365;
nervousness, 403;
over-credulousness, iv. [7];
patriotism, i. 155, 164, 165, 199, 201, 399; ii. 158, 159;
persistence, i. 210, 211; ii. 62, 65, 72;
personal appearance, i. 46, 56, 113; ii. 29, 30, 406; iii. 43, 92; iv. [197], [230];
physical condition and vigor, i. 215; iii. 19, 43, 209, 302; iv. [149], [168], [169], [250]-253;
physical peculiarities, conditions, ailments, etc., i. 80, 85, 126; iv. [12], [15], [25], [168], [177], [179], [197], [200], [211]-217, [222], [231]-235;
plain-spokenness, iii. 418;
his political acumen, ii. 136;
poverty, i. 52, 65, 66, 89, 111, 157, 174, 262, 279, 284, 288;
powers of analysis and calculation, i. 55, 56;
secret of his preëminence, iv. [249], [291];
ready wit, iii. 94;
recklessness, i. 236;
as a reformer, iii. 189;
reliance on public opinion, iv. [157];
attitude toward religion and relations with the church, i. 76, 146, 209, 264, 422; ii. 41, 131, 173, 205, 206, 215, 224, 227, 258, 264, 265, 325, 340, 396, 398, 407; iii. 26, 68, 85, 88, 89, 118, 154, 174, 175, 190, 215, 242, 249, 258, 259, 263, 305, 315, 377, 390; iv. [165], [230]-235, [251], [259], [296];
resolution, iii. 28, 209;
restlessness, i. 156, 223, 227, 284;
review of his character, iv. [264];
sanguine temperament, iii. 21;
self-assertion, self-confidence, self-interest, and selfishness, i. 59, 60, 66, 84, 113, 263, 309, 340, 363-366, 395; iii. 1, 33, 82, 109, 208, 231, 304, 309, 328; iv. [140], [250], [287];
a self-made man, iv. [250];
self-restraint, i. 376, 395;
sensuality, i. 113, 452; ii. 66; iii. 10, 27, 108, 246, 257, 327, 352; iv. [142], [250];
sensitiveness, ii. 197;
slow development, iv. [288];
social life, manners, and reforms, his court, public receptions, etc., i. 69, 137, 151, 262, 265, 284, 290, 291, 295, 309-312, 448; ii. 131 197, 200, 224, 255, 279, 406, 411; iii. 43, 58-61, 64, 80-89, 91-94, 169, 174, 179, 224, 301, 390; iv. [352];
as soldier, statesman, and despot, iv. [247] et seq.;
speculative mania, [172], [173], [185];
statecraft and diplomacy, i. 265, 363, 431; ii. 20, 37, 125-131, 137, 146, 149, 242-249, 261, 264-269, 271, 279, 314-324, 329-332, 336, 346, 353, 354, 400-412, 426, 427; iii. 33, 64, 95, 128, 190, 310, 315, 322, 328, 343, 401, 408, 423;
his strong will, ii. 224, 356, 357;
views concerning suicide, and his attempts thereat, i. 80; ii. 75; iv. [130], [131], [218], [232], [287];
superstition, ii. 76;
temper, ii. 281; iii. 418;
the terror of his name, 359; iv. [80], [84], [88], [93];
theocratic assumptions, ii. 407;
thirst for conquest and warlike zeal, ii. 331, 351, 380, 381, 437; iii. 326, 337; iv. [264], [287];
thirst for power, [264];
unscrupulousness, i. 87, 88, 126, 144, 160, 166, 201, 211, 237, 265, 295, 300 308; ii. 67, 144, 251, 314, 377, 439; iii. 82, 115, 316, 331; iv. [264];
attitude toward and relations with women, i. 256, 265, 290, 291, 311, 312, 448; ii. 197, 438; iii. 26, 57-61, 298, 327; iv. [143], [252].
Napoleon II, king of Rome, N.'s affection for, iii. 323, 381;
Malet's conspiracy, 361;
insignificance of, 377;
possibility of a regency for, 422.
Napoleone, Stéphanie, marries Prince Charles of Baden, ii. 399;
N.'s liaison with, 399.
Napoleon's Mount, ii. 383, 386.
Narbonne, Comte de, mission from Dresden to Russia, iii. 331.
Narew, River, military movements on the, iii. 2, 13, 19.
Nassau, member of the Confederation of the Rhine, ii. 403.
Nassau, Prince of, anecdote of, iii. 422.
National Assembly, the, Corsican affairs in, i. 117-122;
persuades Paoli to return to Corsica, 125;
condemns Buttafuoco, 135;
refuses to create Corsican National Guard, 140;
debates on the military power, 142;
difficulties of its work, 151-154, 158, 159;
self-effacement of, 153;
ecclesiastical legislation by, 168;
the King takes refuge in, 175;
dismisses the King's body-guard, 174;
abolishes the kingship, 175;
Lafayette endeavors to calm, 174, 176;
disperses, 188.
National Convention, the, election of a, i. 188;
meeting of, Sept. 21, 1792, 188;
the King summoned before, 194;
enforces its decrees in Corsica, 198;
Paoli summoned to appear before, 198, 204;
appeal to, by N., in Paoli's behalf, 199;
denounces Paoli, 201;
sends new commissioners to Corsica, 204;
promises indemnity to Corsican sufferers, 208;
supremacy of, 208;
Corsica's successful revolt against, 216;
popular support of, 219;
effect of the "Treason of Toulon" on, 222;
receives news of capture of Toulon, 233;
vengeance on Toulon, 233;
overthrow of the Girondists, 234;
N. and Gen. Lapoype summoned before, 240;
terrorists in, 250;
turns on Robespierre, 251;
downfall, 251, 266;
Jacobins in, 266;
question of reelection of members, 271, 282, 298;
rebellion and riots against, 272, 283, 299;
proclaims amnesty, 277;
royalist intrigues in, 278;
popular hatred of, 282;
prepares for conflict, 282, 299;
adopts N.'s plan for Italian campaign, 293;
distrusts N., 299;
triumph on the 13th Vendémiaire, 304-309;
its plans thwarted by violence, 306;
N.'s peculiar relations to, 341;
financial maladministration, ii. 219;
plans for invading England, 290;
scheme of revolutionary extension, iii. 328;
National Guard, the, organization and reorganization of, i. 109, 143, 159, 272, 304, 308;
calling in officers of, 164;
N. adjutant-major in, 164;
feeling against the Convention among, 283, 299;
defense of the Tuileries, 299;
oppose the Convention forces, 301-305;
the 13th Vendémiaire, 301-305;
N. appointed commander of, ii. 104;
drafts for the imperial army from, iii. 387;
in defense of Paris, iv. [99], [105];
decay of imperialism among, [105];
fails to persuade the Empress to stay, [109];
N. hopes to raise, [116];
refuses to obey the provisional government, [126];
proclamation to, March 8, 1815, [146];
reviewed by N., [166];
surly spirit among, [165].
National Guard of Corsica, N.'s schemes to form, i. 122;
N. appointed adjutant-major in, 164.
National Library, lecture system of the, i. 281.
National List, the, ii. 126.
Naudin, letter of N. to, July 27, 1791, i. 156.
Naumburg, Prussian headquarters at, ii. 422, 424;
Davout and Bernadette at, 429;
Blücher pursues Macdonald to, iv. [15].
Navarre, question of the sovereignty of, i. 120;
incorporated with France, 120;
French invasion of, iii, 132;
the château of, granted to Ferdinand VII, 147;
N.'s contemplated movements in, 184;
military government of, 278.
Navy, N.'s aptitude for the, i. 57;
suicide among officers of the French, ii. 3;
preparations at Toulon, 40.
Nazareth, skirmish at, ii. 71.
Necker, Jacques, schemes of, i. 44;
N.'s study of, 78;
minister of finance, 98;
problems of taxation, 98, 105;
flight from France, 98;
banishment, 108;
fall, 154;
Mme. de Staël's inheritance from, iii. 299.
Negroes, arguments in favor of enslaving, ii. 236.
Neidenburg, military operations near, iii. 4, 8.
Neipperg, Count A. A., relations with Maria Louisa, iii. 330; iv. [143], [162].
Neisse, siege of, iii. 20.
Nelson, Adm. Horatio, captures Bastia, i. 260; ii. 62;
expected coöperation with Austria at Savona, i. 353;
sails from Cadiz in chase of the Egyptian expedition, ii. 57;
returns to Sicily, 61;
seeks the French fleet in Greece, 61;
follows to Egypt, 61;
loses an eye at Cadiz, 62;
battle of Cape St. Vincent, 62;
battle of the Nile, 62, 63, 81;
battle of Copenhagen, ii. 209;
sanctions the execution of Caraccioli, 300;
correspondence with Dumouriez, 303;
aided by Portugal, 332;
plan to allure him to Egypt, 331;
Villeneuve avoids, 334;
enticed to the West Indies, 358;
joins Cornwallis before Brest, 359;
sails for Portsmouth, 359;
pursues Villeneuve to Gibraltar, 358;
chases Villeneuve to the West Indies and back, 370;
arrives off Cadiz, 371;
his ambition, 372;
battle of Trafalgar, 373-376;
his death, 374.
Nemours, Cossacks advance to, iv. [72].
Nesselrode, Count, appearance in Russian diplomacy, iii. 409;
refuses to treat with France, 410;
conference with Francis, 415;
demands Austria's adherence to the coalition, 415;
agrees to basis of Austrian mediation, 415;
letter from Talleyrand to, iv. [107];
approves the restoration of the Bourbons, [114];
negotiates with Talleyrand, [113].
Netherlands, French defeats in, i. 172;
Hoche's campaign in, 427;
England's interest in, 450; iv. [67];
the enlightenment of, ii. 37;
course of affairs (1797-98), 37, 38;
French agents in the, 39;
English expedition to destroy the dockyards of, iii. 237;
French influence in, iv. [41];
Bernadotte assigned to watch, [55];
English troops in the, [57];
the allies' invasion of France via, [59], [97];
campaign of the Hundred Days, [169] et seq.;
weakness of the troops of, [195], [202].
See also [Austrian Netherlands]; [Belgium]; [Dutch Flanders]; [Holland].
Neuburg, Marmont at, ii. 365.
Neufchâteau, member of the Directory, ii. 8, 35;
mission to Congress of Rastatt, 52.
Neufchâtel, ceded to France, ii. 390;
Berthier created Prince of, iii. 86.
See also [Berthier].
Neumarkt, Jourdan's defeat near, i. 385;
Masséna's movements at, 436;
flight of Hiller to, iii. 208;
N. at, 413.
Neu-Reppin, military movements near, ii. 434.
Neutrality, the principle of the agreement of 1780, ii. 212.
Neuwied, Hoche crosses the Rhine at, i. 440.
New Castile, Duke del Infantado commissioned governor of, iii. 127.
New England, commercial greed, iii. 102.
Newfoundland, proposed French expedition to, ii. 333.
New Galicia, annexed to the grand duchy of Warsaw, iii. 239.
New Orleans, battle of, iv. [169].
New York, proposal that N. sail to, iv. [221].
Ney, Marshal Michel, a product of Carnot's system, i. 332;
in battle of Hohenlinden, ii. 191;
occupies Switzerland, 234, 272;
service in the Army of England, 291;
execution of, 300;
joins N. at Waterloo, 300;
created marshal, 323;
plan for his invasion of Ireland, 335;
character, 364; iii. 93;
holds the bridge at Günzenburg, ii. 366;
victory at Leoben, 368;
clears the enemy from the Tyrol, 380;
at Bayreuth, 428;
in battle of Jena, 430-432;
invests Magdeburg, 436;
at Neidenburg, iii. 4;
strength in Poland, 7;
threatens Königsberg, 9;
reprimanded by N., 8;
retreats from Heilsberg, 10;
pursued by Bennigsen, 10;
escapes to Gilgenburg, 10;
in Eylau campaign, 15;
battle of Heilsberg, 29;
movements on the Passarge, 28;
battle of Friedland, 30;
created Duke of Elchingen, 86;
yearly income, 87, 296;
N.'s opinion of, 93;
quarrel with Tolstoi, 108;
at Logroño, 183;
moves against Castaños, 185;
lack of vigor of movement, 185;
movement against Madrid, 186;
stationed at Astorga, 188;
in Leon, 283;
strength, March, 1812, 324;
advances on Dünaburg, 336;
battle of Smolensk, 339;
reckless pursuit after Smolensk, 339;
battle of Borodino, 343;
"the bravest of the brave," 359;
hero of the retreat from Moscow, 359, 363;
letter to Berthier, Nov. 5, 1812, 361;
junction with Eugène, 364;
"A marshal of the Empire has never surrendered," 364;
perilous retreat from Smolensk, 364;
his most brilliant deed of arms, 364;
crosses the Dnieper, 364;
at the crossing of the Beresina, 366, 370;
reaches Vilna, 373;
in campaign of 1813, 403;
battle of Lützen, 404;
battle of Bautzen, 411;
beleaguers Schweidnitz, 413;
confronts Blücher at the Bober, iv. [7];
battle of Dresden, [9];
supersedes Oudinot, [17];
battle of Dennewitz, [18], [19];
driven into Torgau, [19];
letter to N., Sept. 7, 1813, [20];
battle of Leipsic, [32];
on the allies' march on Paris, [40];
moves from Sézanne against Blücher, [62];
commanding the Young Guard, [72];
battle of Craonne, [78];
battle of Laon, [79];
moves up the Aube, [91];
battle of Arcis-sur-Aube, [92];
courage, [104];
at council at St. Dizier, [104];
strength after the surrender of Paris, [118];
at review of the Guard at Fontainebleau, [117];
treasonable utterance at Fontainebleau, [119];
demands the Emperor's abdication, [120];
voices the disaffection of the army, [122];
on commission to present abdication to the Czar, [123], [124];
transfers his allegiance, [129];
returns to Paris, [131];
resents royalist affronts to his wife, [148];
rejoins Napoleon at Auxerre, [157];

recreated marshal, [167];
in the Waterloo campaign, [172];
dispute concerning his orders, [176];
ordered to Quatre Bras, [176], [180], [185];
moves to Gosselies, [176];
interview with N., [179];
battle of Quatre Bras, [180]-188;
at Frasnes, [184], [189];
N. determines to join, [186];
N.'s despatch to, June 17, 1815, [186];
N.'s indignation at, [187];
moves to coöperate with N., [189];
battle of Waterloo, [196], [200]-210;
insubordinate spirit, [205];
commanding the Guard, [208];
at Quatre Bras, [213];
contrasted with Desaix, [213];
at Eylau, [213];
imprisoned and condemned to death, [223].
Nice, N. at, i. 209, 240, 244, 248, 253, 307, 339;
inadequate works at, 214;
the Buonapartes at, 244;
news of the Terror in, 252;
France's ambition to gain, 276, 327;
lost to Sardinia, 352;
proposal that France should keep, iv. [41].
Niemen, River, the, military movements on, iii. 31, 336, 341, 373, 384;
meeting of the sovereigns on, iii. 39 et seq.;
Prussian territory on, 63;
French advance from the Vistula to, 337;
French advance to the Dwina from, 337.
Nile, River, the, the campaign on, ii. 59 et seq.;
Mamelukes drowned in, 60;
battle of, 61-66, 81, 370.
Nîmes, alarm among the Protestants of, iv. [147].
Niort, enthusiasm for the fallen Emperor at, iv. [218].
Nivelles, military operations near, iv. [171], [178];
topography of, [195], [196].
Nivôse, the Plot of, ii. 239-241.
Nobilles, Comte de, royalist intrigues of, iv. [107].
Nobility of France, the, loss of its feudal power, i. 100;
privileges, and assumptions of privileges of, 105, 109;
yielding of privileges by, 109;
flight of, 109, 142
(see also [Emigrants]).
Noble Guard, institution of a, iv. [148];
abolition of the, [137].
Nogara, military operation near, i. 410.
Nogent, Victor ordered to, iv. [62];
N. at, [62], [74];
abandoned by Victor, [64];
Souham's forces at, [102];
abdication proposed to the Emperor at, [120].
Non-intercourse Act of March 1, 1809, iii. 274.
Non-intervention Act, the, iii. 102.
Nordhalben, Davout at, ii. 428.
Nordhausen, military movements near, ii. 434.
Nördlingen, the French position at, ii. 365;
capture of Werneck's division at, 367.
Normandy, unrest in, i. 222;
Marmont's troops to withdraw into, iv. [120].
North, proposed League of the, ii. 418.
North Cape, a boundary of the Continental System, iii. 280.
North German Confederation, proposed organization of, ii. 418-421, 422.
See also [Confederation of the Rhine].
North Sea, proposed French expedition to, ii. 334;
part of the coast incorporated into the French Empire, iii. 278, 287, 294.
"Northumberland," the, conveys N. to St. Helena, iv. [227].
Norway, lost to Denmark, iii. 70;
subordination to Denmark, 280;
in vassalage to France, 280;
offered by Alexander to Sweden, 281, 314, 320, 324;
Bernadotte's ambition to acquire, 281, 399;
in possession of Denmark, iii. 282;
Russian troops for the conquest of, 350;
struggle with Sweden, iv. [164].
Nossen, defeat of the Saxons by the Black Legion at, iii. 234.
Notables of France, ii. 126;
abolition of the list of, 247.
Notre Dame Cathedral, service in honor of the Concordat at, ii. 215;
N.'s coronation in, 341-345.
Novi, battle of, ii. 83, 92, 96;
military operations near, ii. 178.
Nuits, N. visits, i. 146;
society in, 146.
Nyon, Carnot's concealment at, ii. 27.

O