Gaëta, creation of hereditary duchy of, ii. 396.
Gaffori, i. 116;
fails to arouse enthusiasm in Ajaccio, 118.
Galicia, Russian troops in, ii. 363;
Austria's forces on the frontier of, iii. 23;
Russian invasion of, 236;
N. demands cession of, 239;
part of, ceded to Russia, 239;
territory of, ceded to grand duchy of Warsaw, 239, 310, 311;
Austria stipulates for acquisition of, 320;
ceded to Austria, 331;
Poniatowski commanding in, 402;
Alexander proposes to exchange Alsace for, iv. [67].
Galitzin, Prince, in battle of Eylau, iii. 15;
invades Galicia, 236;
letter from Alexander I, 311;
Alexander's friendship with, 351;
character, 351.
Gallican Church, the, N.'s study of, i. 150;
a voluntary, ii. 206;
N.'s threat to liberate it from Rome, iii. 68;
regulation of its relations with Rome, 262, 263;
N.'s failure to change, iv. [260].
Gallo, Austrian plenipotentiary at Leoben, i. 437;
Austrian plenipotentiary in treaty of Campo Formio, ii. 19;
bribed by N., 19.
Gambling, suppression of, iii. 92.
Ganteaume, Adm., member of the council of state, ii. 152;
commanding at Brest, 333;
plan of naval operations for, 334;
fails to run the blockade of Brest, 333.
Gap, N.'s welcome at, on return from Elba, iv. [154].
Garat, D. J., Bonapartist agent in Naples, ii. 89;
royalist intrigues of, iv. [106].
Garda, Lake, military operations near, i. 372, 379-383, 412-414.
Gareau, rapacity of, i. 376.
Garfagnana, given to Elisa (Buonaparte), ii. 395.
Gasparin, A. E., member of Convention commission for Corsica, i. 219.
Gassendi, N.'s host in Nuits, i. 146.
Gassicourt, Cadet de, story of Lannes's death-bed, iii. 224;
prepares poison for N., iv. [218].
Gaudin, M. M. C., appointed to the treasury, ii. 130, 220;
member of N.'s new cabinet, iv. [159].
Gaza, capture of, ii. 69.
Gembloux, N. at, iv. [179];
military movements near, [185];
Grouchy ordered to, [185], [187], [191].
Genappe, N.'s flight through, iv. [211].
Gendarmerie, formation of the system of, i. 142.
Geneva, N. in, ii. 27;
to be ceded to France, 40;
Berthier sent to, 140;
Mme. de Staël's exile in, iii. 26;
Augereau confronting Bubna at, iv. [57];
surrenders to the allies, [67].
Geneva, Lake of, French forces on the, ii. 169.
"Genius of Christianity" (Chateaubriand's), ii. 259.
Genoa, relation of Corsica to, i. 10;
loses its hold on Corsica, 15;
convention with France regarding Corsica, 17, 20;
cedes Corsica to France, 22;
the Buonaparte family in, 28;
Paoli's fears concerning, 116;
claims to Corsica, 120, 126;
N.'s relations with and attitude toward, 122, 246-248, 253, 346; ii. 10, 15;
relations with France, i. 239, 243-244;
English influence in, 243;
seizure of French vessel in harbor of, 243;
counterfeit French money in, 246;
her neutrality violated, 245;
preparations for war with, 246-248, 253;
N.'s scheme of operations against Sardinia and, 247;
neutrality, 248;
the road opened to, 257;
reopening of commerce with Marseilles, 257;
political status in 1796, 345;
levy of enforced contributions from, 345; ii. 153;
military operations against (1796), i, 357;
French proposition to revolutionize, 373;
guerrillas from, 373;
coercive measures against, 373;
makes alliance with the Directory, 403;
disposition by treaty of Leoben, 439;
French intervention in, ii. 10;
sends an embassy to Montebello, 11;
revolution in, 11;
disappearance of Genoa the Superb, 11;
commercial greatness, 15;
plunder of, 16;
transformed into the Ligurian Republic, 21;
trampled under foot by N., 144;
the French line at, 160;
Austria's plans against, 160;
English expedition against, 160, 164;
Masséna forced back into, 165;
siege of, 165, 169, 172, 175;
the key of, 172;
surrender of, 175;
N. learns of Masséna's disaster at, 176;
accepts a consular constitution, 233;
contributes men to France in war of, 1803, 289;
Masséna's defense of, 323;
French acquisition of, 355, 357;
position in the French Empire, iii. 279.
Gentili, member of the Directory of Corsica, i. 133;
delegate to the National Assembly, 133;
places Ionian Islands under French protection, ii. 16.
Gentz, Friedrich von, manifesto against N., iii. 200;
on the campaign of 1813, iv. [40].
George III, recalls Paoli to England, i. 261;
incurs the ill will of Paul I, ii. 141;
receives personal letter from N., 142;
pasquinades on, 146;
quarrel with Pitt over Catholic emancipation, 208;
character, 270;
fears for absolutism, 270;
on treaty of Amiens, 276;
message to Parliament, March 8, 1803, 282;
Elector of Hanover, 287;
effect of his imbecility, 329;
letter from N., Jan. 2, 1805, 351;
negotiations for the return of Hanover to, 400, 418, 420;
use of German troops in the American colonies, 419;
ousts the "All the Talents" ministry, iii. 46;
joint letter from N. and Alexander to (1808), 181;
retirement of, iv. [161];
rupture of the treaty of Amiens, [264].
George IV (Prince Regent), attitude toward France (1795), i. 297;
regency of, iv. [161];
character, [161];
besought for asylum for N., [221].
Georgia, France undertakes to drive the Russians from, iii. 21.
Gera, military movements near, ii. 432.
Gérard, Gen. E. M., created baron, iii. 297;
battle of Borodino, 344;
seizes Montereau, iv. [73];
moves toward Vitry, [93];
attachment to N., [118];
strength after the surrender of Paris, [118];
in the Waterloo campaign, [171] et seq.;
at Châtelet, [174];
crosses the Sambre, [174], [179];
battle of Ligny, [181], [183], [190];
at Walhain, [192].
Gerasdorf, military operations near, iii. 228;
Archduke Charles advances to, 218.
German Church, N.'s threat to liberate it from Rome, iii. 68.
Germanic Diet, Prussia's growing ascendancy in the, i. 425.
German Empire, N.'s scheme to rival the, ii. 337;
abolished, 391.
German-Roman Empire, decadence of, ii. 41.
Germany, honors to Paoli in, i. 23;
N.'s study of, 78;
opposition of, to democracy, 247;
cedes the left bank of the Rhine to France, 276;
growth of liberal ideas in southern, 276;
neutrality of northern, 276;
secularization of Church lands in, 276; ii. 264;
republican schemes for, i. 329;
to be forced to yield the Rhine frontier, 334;
military operations in (1795), 342;
Jourdan's disasters in, 385;
N. enters, 434;
N.'s influence in, 448;
claim to Malta, ii. 18;
Augereau's blundering in, 37;
plundering in, 38;
French military arrogance in, 40;
attitude of the Directory toward the ecclesiastical principalities of, 41;
anti-revolutionary sentiment in, 43;
Jourdan ordered to command in, 87;
Archduke Charles commanding in central, 141;
the seat of liberalism in, 155;
billeting of French troops in, 156;
France's pecuniary demands upon, 156;
N.'s plan for a campaign in central, 164;
Moreau levies contributions on, 186;
adjustment of the temporal and spiritual principalities of, 193, 264;
reduction of Austria's ascendancy in, 193;
France's rights in, according to Peace of Lunéville, 193;
Franco-Russian agreement concerning, 211;
the Code Napoléon in, 223;
effect of the Concordat in, 264;
question of indemnifying displaced princes, 264;
England's active diplomacy in, 264 et seq.; 301;
N.'s policy of reorganization in, 265;
rearrangement of territories, 265, 352, 391;
development of national spirit, regeneration, and unification in, 265, 352; iii. 95, 161, 200, 213, 320, 330, 383, 385, 394, 397, 423; iv. [1], [19], [37], [40], [57], [298];
strength of the military party and anti-French sentiment in 1875, ii. 269;
N.'s eye to invasion of, 291;
Moreau's levies on, 296;
homage to N. by the princes of, 329;
N.'s claim to, 354;
Alexander I's scheme for partition of, 356;
N. threatens to invade, 361;
Archduke Ferdinand commanding in, 363;
high-handed proceedings of the French army in, 376;
extension of the French empire in, 398;
humiliation of, 398 et seq.;
state of religion and morality in, 398;
scheme for unity of the Church in, 402;
good-will to N. in western, 402;
the Germanic empire abolished, 404;
French occupation of southern, 405, 418;
Russia's pretensions in, 418;
N.'s intention to evacuate, 421;
Frederick William demands the evacuation of, 422;
Austria asks for rearrangement of, iii. 22;
its composite character, 56;
French nobility endowed with lands in, 87;
liberal movement in, 103;
Austria looks for indemnities in, 195;
hopes of the Hapsburgs to regain lost territory in, 199;
Archduke Charles's address to, 199;
insurrections in, 233;
hatred of N. in, 240;
French occupation of the coast, 266;
French evacuation of southern, 266;
confiscation in, 296;
Mme. de Staël's book on, 300;
withdrawal of French troops from, 307;
influence of Prussia in, 320;
proposed new boundaries for, 320;
feelings toward N. in, 322;
withdrawal of the Hapsburgs from the leadership of, 330;
conspiracies in, 375;
revolutionary feeling in, 382;
Russian proclamation to, 398;
Sweden sends troops to, 399;
Austria aims at recovering ascendancy in, 423;
purpose of the allies to restore states in, iv. [21];
the retreat from, [35];
proposed influence for N. in, [41];
Prussia's ambition for leadership in, [88];
N.'s influence in the creation of modern, [299];
the federation of, [298].
"Germany in her Deepest Humiliation," ii. 417.
Gernstädt, military operations near, ii. 433.
Gerry, Elbridge, Talleyrand attempts to corrupt, ii. 34.
Ghent, flight of Louis XVIII to, iv. [161].
Giacominetta, N.'s childish love, i. 41.
Gibraltar, i. 22;
Nelson sails for, ii. 359;
Nelson waters his ships at, 372;
importance of, iii. 111.
Gibraltar, Straits of, Villeneuve ordered to, ii. 371.
"Gilded Youth," the, i. 271.
Gilgenburg, Ney and Bernadotte escape to, iii. 10;
military movements near, 13, 14.
Ginguené, P. L., Bonapartist agent in Turin, ii. 89.
Gironde, Department of the, exempt from legislation concerning Jews, iii. 77.
Gironde, River, N. proposes to seek asylum on American ship in the, iv. [221].
Girondists, the, form a ministry, i. 172;
the fall from the ministry, 174;
leaders of, 189;
position in the National Convention, 188;
struggle between the Jacobins and, 189;
favor Louis XVI, 194;
failure of their policy, 212;
defeat the Jacobins in Marseilles, 213;
movement of Marseillais on Paris, 213;
retreat from Avignon, 216;
their cause discussed in the "Supper of Beaucaire," 216, 219;
prepare Toulon for siege, 221;
deliver the fleet at Toulon to Lord Hood, 221;
murders of, at Toulon, 233;
overawed by Danton and Marat, 234;
effects of their policy, 249;
failure of, 266, 267;
their part in organizing the Directory, 271;
influence on the new constitution, 278;
royalism among, 309.
Girzikowitz, military operations near, ii. 386.
Gitschin, Francis I. at, iii. 415.
Glatz, siege of, iii. 20.
Glogau, held by the French, iii. 402;
relieved by Victor, 413.
Glory, the French passion for, ii. 249, 361; iii. 6.
Gneisenau, Gen. August, institutes military reforms in Prussia, iii. 103;
military ability, iv. [14], [59], [183];
spurs up Bernadotte at Leipsic, [31];
aims to annihilate N., [57];
warns Blücher against over-confidence, [62];
in Waterloo campaign, [172], [177];
orders the Prussian retreat to Wavre, [183], [184];
his title to fame, [182], [183];
holds Blücher's troops, [194];
doubts Wellington's ability to stand at Waterloo, [194];
in battle of Waterloo, [211], [212].
Godoy, Manuel de, prime minister of Spain, ii. 204, 289;
relations with Queen Louisa, 204, 289, 332; iii. 71, 124, 144, 150;
the "Prince of the Peace," ii. 289; iii. 124;
proposed kingdom for, in Portugal, 67, 120;
Spanish revolt against, 71;
treachery to N., 71;
ill-gotten wealth, 124;
relations with N., 124, 131;
waning power and downfall of, 124, 128, 134, 135, 146;
causes arrest of Ferdinand, 126;
Ferdinand's charges against, 126;
becomes aware of N.'s policy, 132;
skill in diplomacy, 131;
refuses to assent to French seizure of Portugal, 133;
appalled at the French invasion, 133;
contemplates a Bourbon monarchy in America, 134;
clamor for his death, 135;
capture of, 135;
seeks protection of Ferdinand, 136;
destruction of his property, 135;
proposed trial of, 135, 136, 144;
hinted order that he come to France, 140, 141;
summoned to Bayonne, 145;
popular hatred of, 146;
at Compiègne, 148;
infamy of, 150.
Goethe, Johann W. von, meetings with N., iii. 172;
decorated at Erfurt, 176;
on N., 319, 322;
the idealist among thinkers, iv. [242].
Gohier, M., member of the Directory, ii. 92;
represents Jacobin element in the Directory, 94;
falls under Josephine's influence, 97;
president of the Directory, 97;
joins the Bonapartist ranks, 97;
proposed resignation of, 101;
seeks counsel with Barras, 106;
refuses to resign, 108;
imprisonment of, 108, 115.
Gohlis, military operations near, iv. [29]-32.
Goldbach, River, military operations on the, ii. 385-388, 392.
Golden Book, the. See [Venice].
Goltz, at Tilsit, iii. 49, 57;
interview with N., 60.
Golynim, military operations near, iii. 4.
Görz, ceded to France, iii. 239.
Göss, castle of, treaty of Leoben signed in, i. 437.
Gosselies, military operations near, iv. [175], [176].
Gotha, imprisonment of St. Aignan at, iv. [42].
Göttingen, Bernadotte ordered to, ii. 362;
patriotism in the university, iii. 398.
Gourgaud, Gen., accompanies N. to Paris, iv. [105];
advises a return to Lorraine, [116];
requests interview with Souham, [126];
accompanies N. to Rochefort, [219];
goes to London to seek English asylum for N., [223];
accompanies N. to St. Helena, [227];
mission to secure N.'s release, [231];
assists N. on his history, [232].
Government, Rousseau's views on, i. 8;
the centralization of, ii. 218;
the mystery of, iii. 389.
Gradisca, storming of, i. 433.
Graham, Gen., commanding English troops in the Netherlands, iv. [57].
Grain, monopoly of trade in, i. 105.
Grand army, the, N.'s distrust of, iii. 45;
passes from Prussia to Spain, 182;
Murat commanding the remnants of, 373;
demoralization of, 373;
crosses the Niemen, 384.
Grandmaison, charges plots among the Five Hundred, ii. 115.
Granville, Lord, on affairs in France, i. 297.
Grasse, N.'s march through, on return from Elba, iv. [154].
Graudenz, precarious situation of the garrison of, iii. 10;
Bennigsen attempts to succor, 10;
demanded by N. as a pledge, 36.
Gravina, Adm., escapes from Trafalgar, ii. 374.
Great Britain, the modern empire of, ii. 55.
See also [England].
"Great Elector," the office of, ii. 126, 322.
Great Görschen, fighting at, iii. 405.
Great Raigern, military operations near, ii. 382.
Great St. Bernard Pass, the passage of the, ii. 169-171.
"Great Terror," the, i. 250.
Greece (ancient), influence on French art, iii. 88;
effects of ambition in, iv. [261];
the history of, [293].
Greece, Nelson seeks the French fleet at, ii. 61;
proposal that France take, iii. 50;
N. plans the liberation of, 51;
the national awakening of, iv. [300].
Grégoire, Henri, influence on the Consulate, ii. 195;
royalist intrigues of, 195.
Gregorian calendar, restoration of the, ii. 346.
Gregory VII, ii. 340.
Grenadier Guards, in battle of Waterloo, iv. [201].
Grenier, Gen., in battle of Hohenlinden, ii. 191;
division commander under Eugène, iii. 393.
Grenoble, Pius VII a prisoner at, iii. 119, 242;
N.'s march to, on return from Elba, iv. [154];
imperial proclamation at, [156];
obeys N.'s summons to surrender, [156];
N.'s welcome at, [156];
N. at, [165].
Grenville, Lord, letter to Talleyrand from, ii. 143;
on N.'s wickedness, 144.
Grisons, the, quarrel between the Valtellina and, ii. 11;
Austrian violation of neutrality in, 72;
Kray's communications via, to be cut, 164.
Grodno, Jerome at, iii. 336.
Gros, A. J., painter, ii. 351;
created a baron, 354.
Grosbois, residence of Barras, ii. 119.
Grossbeeren, battle of, iv. [14], [16], [19].
Gross-Ebersdorf, military operations near, iii. 217.
Grouchy, Gen. E., in battle of Hohenlinden, ii. 191;
at Tilsit, iii. 52;
commanding cavalry in Russian campaign of 1812, 324;
in battle of Vauchamps, iv. [64];
recreated marshal, [167];
movements and orders in the Waterloo campaign, [170] et seq., [179], [186], [191]-194, [200], [213], [267];
letter to N., June 17, 1815, [187], [191];
suspected unwillingness of, [187];
Gérard to coöperate with, [190];
uneasy conscience of, [191];
garbled account of Waterloo by, [191];
at Walhain, [192], [213];
criticism of, [192];
at Wavre, [194];
N.'s reliance on, [207], [213];
ordered to retire on Namur, [211], [214];
responsibility for disaster at Waterloo, [213];
victory at Wavre, [214];
leads his army back to France, [214].
Guadarrama Mountains, N. crosses the, iii. 186-188.
Guadeloupe, French plans to strengthen, ii. 333.
"Guardian Angel, The," near Craonne, the Emperor's night at, iv. [78], [79].
"Guard of honor," the proposed, iii. 390.
Guards (English), in battle of Waterloo, iv. [209].
Guastalla, given to Pauline (Buonaparte), ii. 395;
granted to Maria Louisa, iv. [133].
Guastalla, Duchess of, Pauline created, iii. 279.
Gudin, Gen., in battle of Pultusk, iii. 4;
in the Eckmühl campaign, 208.
Guérin, Pierre N., created baron, iii. 297.
Guernsey, Russian soldiers transported to, ii. 141.
Guiana, Pichegru escapes from, ii. 161.
Guidai, engaged in Malet's conspiracy, iii. 376.
Guieu, Gen., in the Rivoli campaign, i. 410, 414.
Guilleminot, Gen., mediator between Russia and Turkey, iii. 105;
in battle of Waterloo, iv. [199].
Guillotine, the, work of, i. 251.
Güldengossa, military operations near, iv. [28].
Günzburg, Mack essays to cross the Danube at, ii. 366.
Gustavus Adolphus, scene of his defeat of Wallenstein, iii. 404.
Gustavus IV, king of Sweden, hated by his subjects, iii. 35;
in Pomerania, 36;
weakness of, 36;
gives place to Charles XIII, 280.
Guyot, battle of Waterloo, iv. [203].
Gyuläi, Austrian diplomatic agent, ii. 381.
Gyulay, Gen., battle of Leipsic, iv. [28], [32].
H
Hadrian I, Charles the Great's donation to, revoked by N., iii. 215.
Hague, The, removal of the capital to Amsterdam from, iii. 277.
Hal, Wellington's troops at, iv. [190], [195].
Halberstadt, the Black Legion's escape through, iii. 234.
Halkett, Hugh, in battle of Waterloo, iv. [210].
Halle, Bernadotte's victory at, ii. 436;
the Black Legion's escape through, iii. 234;
patriotism in the university, 398;
Blücher's advance to, iv. [26], [27].
Hamburg, negotiations between France and Prussia concerning, ii. 154;
laid under contribution, 286, 287;
closed to British commerce, 287;
seizure of Rumbold at, 330;
proposal to give it to Prussia, 400;
French occupation of, 443;
Spanish troops in, iii. 159;
Bernadotte's force in, 202;
smuggled commerce of, 265;
scheme to incorporate with France, 266;
position in the French Empire, 279;
sends deputation to Paris, 380;
rising against the French garrison, 402;
captured by Vandamme, 407;
Danish troops sent to, 407;
occupied by Davout, 413;
the status quo to be maintained in, 414;
N. offers the city to Austria, 424;
end of N.'s defensive line, iv. [1];
Davout besieged at, [55].
Hameln, attempt to besiege, ii. 416;
capitulation of, 436.
Hamilton, Alexander, U. S. treasury system, iv. [259].
Hanau, Oudinot's command in, iii. 203;
battle of, iv. [35];
compared to Krasnoi, [36].
Hannibal, N.'s allusion to, i. 357;
his passage of the Alps, ii. 169, 186.
Hanover, N. threatens to seize, ii. 282;
George III, Elector of, 287;
French occupations of, 287, 331, 418, 443, iii. 202, 266;
Prussia negotiates with France for, ii. 356, 362;
the French garrison replaced by Prussians, 362;
ceded to Prussia, 390, 400, 405;
negotiations for its return to George III, 400, 418, 420;
attempt to drive the French from, 416;
troops in Pomerania, iii. 36;
allotted to Jerome, 266;
Jerome deprived of part of, 278;
excepted from the scheme of Prussian aggrandizement, 398;
England abandons scheme for extension of, 399;
Prussia promises to cede part of Saxony to, 417;
proposed cession of Hildesheim to, 417;
restored to its former ruler, iv. [40];
campaign of the Hundred Days, [170] et seq.
Hanover, the House of, ii. 317.
Hanseatic towns, free cities, ii. 405;
Joachim I's aspirations concerning, 416;
proposal to include in North German Confederation, 418;
hesitate to reply to Prussia, 420;
neutrality of, iii. 46;
virtual dependence on France, 66;
smuggled commerce of, 265;
scheme to incorporate them with France, 266;
N. offers to evacuate, 272;
offered to Louis for Brabant and Zealand, 270;
England threatened with loss of trade with, 272;
N. refuses to cede points concerning, 392;
proposal that France evacuate the, 407;
proposed independence of the, 415; iv. [30].
Happiness, N. on, i. 137.
Hapsburg, House of, end of its policy of territorial expansion, ii, 193;
effect of the Bayonne negotiations on, iii. 163 et seq.;
seeks indemnity for lost domains, 195;
hopes of regaining lost territory, 199;
demoralization in, 215;
matrimonial alliance with N., 249, 251; iv. [43];
democratic blows at the dignity of, iii. 256; iv. [37];
withdraws from the leadership of Germany, iii. 330.
Harcourt, on affairs in France, i. 297.
Hardenberg, Prince K. A. von, aims at consolidation of Prussia, ii. 358;
dismissal of, 400; iii. 42, 49, 50;
Prussian minister, ii. 415. iii; 37;
at Tilsit, 50;
proposes the partition of Turkey, 50;
seeks refuge in Vienna, 178;
effect of his reforms, 319;
Metternich's negotiations with, 394;
hostility to N., 396.
Harel, share in the execution of d'Enghien, ii. 310.
Hassenhausen, engagement at, ii. 433.
Hatzfeldt, Prince, court-martialed and sentenced to death, ii. 439;
the sentence commuted, 439.
Haugwitz, Count, Prussian envoy to France, ii. 381, 399;
policy after Austerlitz, 389;
concludes treaty with France, 399;
demand for the disgrace of, 417.
Hauterive, Duhoux d', royalist leader, i. 298;
reviews French situation in 1801, ii. 214.
Havelburg, French troops at, iii. 393.
Havre, France's alleged naval preparations at, ii. 284.
Hébert, J. R., leader of the Exagérés, i. 234;
terrorist, 250.
Heddersdorf, defeat of the Austrian, by Hoche at, i. 440.
Heidenheim, the French position at, ii. 365.
Heilsberg, Ney retreats from, iii. 10;
Bennigsen reaches, 10, 14;
battle of, 29;
N. concentrates his army at, 29;
the Russians abandon, 32;
N.'s peril at, 33.
Heinrichsdorf, engagement near, iii. 30.
Heliopolis, battle of, ii. 181.
Helvetian Republic, the, alliance with France, ii. 40;
formation of, 40, 86;
neutrality violated by Austria, 72;
N. Grand Mediator of the, 234;
English efforts to discredit France in, 264;
in vassalage to France, iii. 279.
Henry, Prince of Prussia, ii. 415.
Henry III, N. likened to, ii. 340.
Henry IV, heads the Bourbon dynasty, i. 176;
N. discerns likeness to himself, ii. 350;
N. emulates in uxoriousness, iii. 258.
Herat, proposed Franco-Russian expedition via, ii. 194.
Herbois, Collet d', member of the National Convention, i. 188, 233.
Hercules, Pillars of, "the new," iii. 308.
Hereditary nobility, abolished, ii. 223.
Heredity, N. on, i. 137.
Herodotus, N.'s study of, i. 78.
Hesse, French march through, ii. 362;
furnishes contingent to N.'s army, iii. 324.
Hesse-Cassel, excluded from the Confederation of the Rhine, ii. 403, 442;
proposal to include in the Confederation, 418;
hesitates to reply to Prussia, 420;
French occupation of, 443;
neutrality of, 443;
organized into the kingdom of Westphalia, iii. 56.
Hesse-Cassel, House of, extinction of, ii. 443.
Hesse-Darmstadt, member of the Confederation of the Rhine, ii. 403;
quota of men, 404;
turns from N. to the allies, iv. [40].
Heymès, Col., records N.'s orders to Ney at Quatre Bras, iv. [176], [184].
High Admiral, creation of the office of, ii. 322.
Highways, N.'s scheme of, ii. 279.
Hildesheim, apportioned to Prussia, ii. 265;
proposed cession of, to Hanover, iii. 417.
Hill, Lord, joins Wellington in the Peninsula, iii. 283;
occupies Bordeaux, iv. [87];
in Waterloo campaign, [172].
Hiller, Gen., military operations on the inn, iii. 199;
movements to support, 204;
movements before Ratisbon, 208;
driven back to Landshut, 208;
flees to Neumarkt, 208;
Bessières pursues, 209;
crosses the Danube at Mautern, 212;
battle of Ebelsberg, 211;
defeats Wrede at Erding, 211;
effects junction with Charles at Bisamberg, 212, 216;
drives Eugène over the Adige, iv. [39].
Hilliers, Baraguey d', capture of his command in Russia, iii. 359.
History, the functions and study of, i. 1, 2; iv. [251];
N.'s study and theory of, i. 78, 127, 150.
"History of Corsica," i. 91, 93, 123, 126.
Hoche, Gen. Lazare, defeats Wurmser at Weissenburg, i. 273;
commanding Army of the West, 346;
military genius, 350; ii. 181;
campaign in the Netherlands, i. 427;
defeats Austria on the Rhine, 439;
expedition to Ireland, 449;
considered for minister of war, ii. 6;
distrusted by the people, 6;
death of, 9.
Hofer, Andreas, exploits in the Tyrol, iii. 234;
capture, trial, and death of, 241;
his family ennobled, 241, 242;
his patriotism and fame, 241;
compared to Tell, 242.
Hohenems, acquired by Würtemberg, ii. 391.
Hohenlinden, battle of, ii. 190-194.
Hohenlohe, Prince of, commanding at Chemnitz, ii. 424;
at Blankenhain, 427;
defeated by Bernadotte at Schleiz, 428;
in battle of Jéna, 433, 434;
retreats to Prenzlau, 434;
surrender of, 436.
Hohen-Thann, military movements near, iii. 206.
Hohenzollern, member of the Confederation of the Rhine, ii. 403.
Hohenzollern, House of, ii. 317;
N. in the palace of the, 437;
its territories, 442;
N. contemplates its extinction, 442;
provisions for French evacuation of its lands, iii. 62;
N.'s attitude toward, 106, 319;
humiliation of, 163.
Holitsch, interview between Francis I and N. near, ii. 389.
Hollabrunn, Bagration's stand at, ii. 379;
Soult at, 379.
Holland, honors to Paoli in, i. 23;
N.'s study of the history of, 156;
expected enmity of, 187;
closes the Scheldt, 194;
becomes the Batavian Republic, 276;
conquest and occupation by France, 324; ii. 5, 233;
republican schemes for, i. 329;
plunder of works of art from, 369;
organization of the Orange party in, 499;
efforts to check democracy in, 499;
English conquests of colonies from, ii. 12;
proposal to make her a dependency of France, 12;
loss of colonies by, 38;
compulsory enrolment in the republican system, 38;
Brune's campaign in, 87, 93, 323;
loyalty to N., 146;
indemnity for Flushing, 154;
the Code Napoléon in, 223; iii. 277;
a new constitution imposed on, ii. 233;
indemnity to House of Orange, 262;
French guarantees to, 289;
share in the war of 1803, 290;
independence of, 354;
N.'s claim to, 354;
Prussia bound to secure the liberties of, 377;
Louis made king, 397; iii. 96, 269;
enlistments from, under the French eagles, 3;
Louis's reign in, 25, 270, 277;
vassalage to France recognized at Tilsit, 54;
relations of France with, 73;
smuggled commerce of, 140, 265;
Louis's loyalty to the Dutch, 148, 149;
Oudinot ordered to coerce, 266;
England's paper blockade of, 267;
visit of N. to, 268;
violates the Continental System, 269-271;
N. reduces Louis to the position of a French governor, 271;
geographically a part of France, 270, 282;
N.'s scheme for the annexation of, 271;
England threatened with loss of trade with, 272;
N. offers to evacuate, 272;
opposition to N. in, 275;
seizures of American ships in, 275;
Fouché's English-Dutch conspiracy, 275;
Louis abdicates, 276;
removal of the capital to Amsterdam, 277;
annexed to France, 277;
popularity of Louis in, 277;
prosperity under French rule, 277;
the national movement in, 278;
"the alluvium of France," 282;
English expedition to, 294;
incorporated into the French Empire, 294;
N. refuses to cede any part of, 392;
riots in, 392;
Eugène to guard, 393;
proposal that France evacuate, 407;
mediocrity of soldiers of, iv. [20];
N. offers to restore independence of, [30];
English influence in, [30], [41];
recalls the Prince of Orange, [40];
proposed independence of, [41].
Holland, Lord, advocates N.'s cause in Parliament, ii. 143.
Holstein, threatened French invasion of, iii. 69;
Denmark's loss of, 70.
Holy Alliance, the, iii. 425; iv. [225].
Holy Inquisition, abolished in Spain, iii. 189.
Holy League, the, i. 177.
Holy Roman Empire, dismemberment of the, ii. 266;
abolition of, 418;
desire to substitute a Western empire for, 395;
title of the heir to, iii. 261.
Hood, Lord, seizure at Toulon, i. 221.
Hortense, Queen, at Malmaison, iv. [218].
See also [Beauharnais, Hortense de].
Hostage Law, the, ii. 94, 134.
Hougomont, the farm-house of, iv. [195], [197];
fighting at, [199]-202, [207].
Hoyerswerda, N. moves toward, iv. [17].
Hugo, Victor, on N., i. 377;
at school in Madrid, iii. 292.
Humanity, the cause of, i. 266.
Hyères, retreat of the Corsican expedition to, i. 262.
Hulin, Gen. P. A., presides at trial of Duc d'Enghien, ii. 307-310;
transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, iv. [132].
Humboldt, William von, member of Prussian reform party, ii. 415;
reorganizes the educational system of Prussia, iii. 103;
at Congress of Prague, iii. 422.
Hundred Days, the campaign of the, iv. [171] et seq.;
N.'s monograph on, [232];
the political question of the, [296].
Hungary, Francis I prepares for flight into, i. 437;
French machinations in, ii. 42;
importance of securing to the allies, 381;
Archduke John in, iii. 213, 217, 225, 226, 230;
N.'s policy of winning the people of, 214;
Leopold II's reign, 214;
Francis I's treatment of, 214.
I
Iberian Peninsula, proposed appropriation of, iii. 111.
Ibrahim Bey, in the battle of the Pyramids, ii. 60;
fails to assist the Rhodes expedition, 77.
Île Dieu, landing of Count of Artois on, i. 304.
Iller, Gen., commanding in the Tyrol, ii. 188.
Iller, River, Austrian forces on the, ii. 363.
Illyria, Austrian recruiting in, i. 386;
Marmont in, iii. 225;
constitution of, 239;
military government of, 279;
proposed surrender of, to Austria, iii. 320, 392, 407, 415, iv. [30].
Imagination, N's prophetic utterance on a disordered, i. 138.
Imperial Guard, at Kronach, ii. 428;
discontent among the, iii. 5;
strength in Poland, 6, 7;
at Eylau, 15;
battle of Heilsberg, 29;
battle of Friedland, 30;
exclusiveness of, 87;
service in Spain, 133, 265, 283;
accompanies N. from Spain to Paris, 189;
strength in March, 1812, 323;
omission of N. to use them at Borodino, 346;
at Smolensk, 362;
at Krasnoi, 363;
on march from Smolensk to Lithuania, 5;
N.'s address to, near Orcha, 366;
demoralization of, 365;
jealousy of the proposed "guard of honor," 390;
at Rippach, 404;
in battle of Lützen, 404;
the allies' belief in N.'s use of, iv. [4];
at Lauban, [7];
feat of marching, [8];
battle of Dresden, [8], [9];
its losses, [78];
N. reviews the, [117], 118;
in Waterloo campaign, [171]-211;
battle of Ligny, [183];
battle of Waterloo, [196], [207], [208];
personnel and morale, [208];
"dies but never surrenders," [210].
Imperial University, founding of the, iii. 89.
Imposts, the regulation of, i. 44.
"Inconstant," the, N.'s escape from Elba in, iv. [153].
India, N.'s attention turned toward, i. 78;
N.'s aspirations for a career in, 207, 216, 317; ii. 15;
N. given leave to march on, 73;
importance of N.'s conquering, 73;
Russia's ambition in, 154, 194, 263;
Franco-Russian plans for invasion of, 194, 209;
N.'s dreams of empire in, 289; iii. 308, 352; iv. [256];
N.'s plans for attacking England in, ii. 334;
proposed French expedition to, 441;
proposed Franco-Persian invasion of, iii. 21;
England's vulnerable heel, 109, 112-114;
the highway to, 111.
Indus, River, the, proposed Indian expeditions via, ii. 209.
Industry, improved condition of, ii. 259;
N. advises encouragement of, 347.
Infantado, Duke del, leader of Ferdinand VII's party, iii. 124;
commissioned governor of New Castile, 126.
Infantry, N.'s early views concerning, i. 56, 59.
"Influence of the Passions," N.'s study of Mme. de Staël's, ii. 53.
Ingolstadt, Bernadotte marches to, ii. 365;
Davout to concentrate at, iii. 204-208.
Inn Quarter, ceded to Austria, ii. 40;
embodied in the Confederation of the Rhine, iii. 239.
Inn, River, the, military movements on, ii. 190, 363, 367; iii. 199, 204, 211, 234.
Innocent II, contrasted with Pius VII, iii. 264.
Innsbruck, seized by the Tyrolese, iii. 201;
garrisoned by Austrians, 201;
Lefebvre drives Tyroleans from, 213.
Inquisition, the Holy, blamed for disorders in Spain, iii. 158.
Institute of France, reorganization of, i. 281;
Talleyrand a member of, ii. 33, 47;
elects N. a member, 98, 335;
part of the educational system of France, 226.
Institutions, N.'s study of, i. 78.
International law, the law of colonial trade, iii. 46, 47, 48;
neutral ships and neutral goods, 46-49;
the "rule of 1756," 46, 47;
right of search, 47, 100;
contraband of war, 47;
sanctity of all flags on high seas, 55;
the law of neutrals, 264, 267, 280;
use of "simulated papers," 267, 274.
International understandings, a hoped-for system of, iv. [295].
Invalides, Hospital of the, trophies from Aboukir deposited at, ii. 147;
inauguration of the empire at, 327;
distribution of Legion of Honor crosses at, 361;
relics of Frederick the Great sent to, 437.
Ionian Islands, taken under French protection, ii. 16;
worship of N. in, 16;
France retains, 21;
suzerainty of Turkey over, 262;
occupied by Russia, 330;
compensation for, iii. 56;
England's naval watchfulness over, 112;
military government of, 278.
Ireland, Hoche's expedition to, i. 449;
plans of French invasion of, ii. 49, 67, 354, 371;
arrest and dismissal of French consuls in, 270;
N. foments disturbance in, 272;
volunteer forces in, 291;
English troops sent to Portugal from, iii. 122;
French expedition against (1811), 308.
Iron Mask, the Man in the, i. 27.
Isar, River, military movements on the, ii. 190; iii. 205-209.
Isenburg, member of the Confederation of the Rhine, ii. 403.
Iser Mountains, military movements near, iv. [7].
Islam, N. professes the religion of, ii. 66.
Isola Rossa, patriot success at, i. 119.
Isonzo, River, military operations on the, i. 433;
proposed boundary for Italy, ii. 23.
Istria, ceded to Austria at Leoben, i. 438;
Austrian forces in, ii. 170;
ceded by Austria to Italy, 391;
creation of hereditary duchy of, 396;
Bessières created Duke of, iii. 86.
See also [Bessières].
Italian Church, N. threat to liberate it from Rome, iii. 68.
Italian Republic, N. president of the, 252.
Italy, affinity with Corsica, i. 9, 10, 24, 25;
the root of the Buonaparte family in, 27;
expected enmity of, 187;
movements of the French fleet against, 191;
N.'s plan of campaign in, 239, 244-246;
suspension of offensive operations in, 256;
opening the roads into, 257, 344;
uneasiness in, at English proximity, 261;
French schemes against English influence in, 261;
growth of liberal ideas in, 276;
N. claims the honors of the campaign in, 292;
adoption of N.'s plan of campaign against (1795), 293;
Austria's gaze on, 325;
N.'s peculiar relations to, and knowledge of, 340-345, 368;
the battle-field of rival dynasties, 345;
status in 1796, 345;
revolutionary spirit in, 345;
wealth, 345, 368, 375;
cost of the war in, 351;
N.'s successes in (1796), 351;
French pillage in, 351, 423, 446; ii. 13, 17, 32;
the destinies of Europe dependent on fate of, i. 351;
"an artichoke," 352;
the garden of, 357;
crushed at Lodi, 361;
levying contributions in, 361, 366-369, 374, 375;
the fate of Europe dependent on campaign in, 385;
N.'s personal views of his campaign in, 394;
N.'s negotiations with, 397-404;
relations with France, 397-404;
the campaign in, 406 et seq.;
Austria's fourth attempt to retrieve position in, 406;
the key of, 411;
Spain's mastery of, 421;
Austria's greed for territory in, 425;
Austria's determination to fight in, 425;
spread of the revolutionary movement in, 428;
N.'s organization of native forces in, 431;
scheme of a central republic for, 438;
general disarmament of, 442;
N. has free hand in rearrangement of, ii. 7;
N.'s schemes to master, 9;
lands in, ceded to Austria, 21;
attitude of the Directory toward, 23;
N.'s reports on the people of, 23;
N. the deliverer of, 26;
the enlightenment of, 37;
France's policy toward, 38;
keeping open gateways into, 40;
Polish troops in, 42;
N.'s forces in, 42;
reasons for success of revolutionary propaganda in, 44;
proposed movements of the allies in, 72;
Joubert's command in, 72;
French disasters in, 80, 140;
dissolution of the republics in, 83;
France foments quarrels in, 87;
Schérer's blunders in, 88;
Russian military operations in, 90, 92;
Francis I determined to hold northern, 141;
N.'s bad faith with the states of, 144;
French and Austrian troops in, 160;
N.'s plan of campaign in, (1800), 162 et seq.;
the reserve army ordered to, 164;
Lecourbe ordered to, 168;
Austrian successes and forces in, 170;
open to N.'s armies, 170;
Austria agrees to evacuate northern, 182;
Austria seeks concessions in, 189;
Masséna's maladministration in, 190;
Murat commanding in central, 190;
Brune's and Macdonald's movements in, 192;
Austria's line in, as fixed at Lunéville, 193;
alleged plans of N. to secure principality in, 194;
N.'s problems in, 203 et seq.;
influence of France in, 207;
Franco-Russian agreement concerning, 211;
the Code Napoléon in, 223; iv. [40];
reorganization of the Cisalpine Republic, ii. 233;
N.'s grip on, 263;
Austria's share in, 265;
Moreau's soldiers drafted into, 295;
the second campaign in, 295;
restriction of the temporal power in, 325;
necessity for reorganization, 347;
union of the crowns of France and, 352;
coronation of N. as king, 353;
N.'s scheme of independence for, 355;
N. ignores Russian interference in, 356;
Prince Eugène Beauharnais viceroy of, 358;
N.'s sojourn in, 357;
Austria's ambition concerning, 358;
Eugène Beauharnais to organize troops in, 362;
Austria's interest in, 363;
Archduke Charles commanding in, 363;
Prussia bound to secure the independence of, 377;
Austrian troops withdrawn to Vienna from, 380;
N. proposes to add Venetia to, 389;
acquires Friuli and Istria, 391;
acquires Dalmatia, 391, 405;
N. exacts tribute from, 396;
Venetia incorporated into, 395, 405;
enlistments from, under the French eagles, iii. 3;
French dominion recognized at Tilsit, 54;
temporal appointment of bishops in, 68;
ecclesiastical difficulties in, 67, 305;
relations of France with, 73;
proposal to lay under commercial tribute to France, 74;
French nobility endowed with lands in, 87;
N.'s royal progress through, 109;
N.'s firm hold on, 109;
as a highway to India, 111;
lack of an heir to the throne, 112;
abolition of the hostile strip between Naples and, 118;
annexation of Papal States, to, 68, 118;
Etruria incorporated with kingdom, 120, 129;
N. visits (Nov., 1808), 128;
N. offers the crown to Lucien, 129;
Austria looks for indemnities in, 195;
hopes of the Hapsburgs to regain territory in, 199;
defeat of Prince Eugène by Archduke John in, 201;
Archduke John in, 211;
consolidation of, under the Napoleon family, 215;
extinguishment of Austria's hopes in, 215;
the city of Rome incorporated with, 242;
Machiavelli and Daunou on the attitude of the Church of Rome toward, 262;
breaking the chains of ecclesiastical oppression in, 264;
substitution of military despotism, 264;
allotment of Austrian lands to, 266;
England's paper blockade of, 267;
Eugène made viceroy of, 279;
"the flank of France," 282;
confiscation in, 296;
furnishes contingent to N.'s army, 324;
N. ruler of, 382;
Roman Catholic influence in, 391;
N. refuses to cede any part of, 392;
Eugène ordered to raise a new army in, 408, 414;
proposal to liberate her from France, 416;
Austria seeks to regain ascendancy in, 423; iv. [30], [41];
N. offers to guarantee the unity of, [30];
sowing the seeds of unity for, [37];
effect of the battle of Leipsic on, [37];
confusion in, [39];
Alfieri's work in, [39];
humiliation of, [39];
proposed independence of, [41];
fails to support N., [56], [59];
lost to France, [56];
N. renounces the throne of, [131];
feels the Austrian yoke, [144];
revulsion of feeling toward N. in, [144];
plots against N., [150];
social reforms in, [255];
after-effects of the Revolution, [255];
N.'s task in, [255];
French influences in, [299];
Austria driven from, [300].
Ivan, body physician to the Emperor, iv. [130].
Ivrea, attacked by Lannes, ii. 171;
capture of, 172.
Izquierdo, Spanish minister to France, iii. 120;
conducts negotiations between Spain and France, 133;
reports failure of his mission, 133.
J
Jackson, Andrew, at New Orleans, iv. [169].
Jacobin Club, the, foundation of, i. 107;
influence, 151, 153, 157;
letter from N. to, 176;
closing of, 271.
Jacobinism, in N.'s early life, i. 148;
N. renounces, 253;
its decline in France, ii. 2;
French hatred of, 36;
rising tide of (1799), 94;
Pitt's delusion concerning N. and, 143;
decadence and obliteration of, 195, 235, 258, 261;
effect on N., iv. [251].
Jacobins, the, declare open hostility to Louis XVI, i. 171, 194;
Danton's leadership in, 187;
struggle between the Girondists and, 188;
position in the National Convention, 188, 266;
connection of the Buonapartes with, 212;
supremacy of, 212, 236;
defeated by the Girondists in Marseilles, 213;
intensity of their movement, 220;
disorders of their rule, 248;
decline of their power, 266, 268, 297; ii. 2;
military successes, i. 268;
influence among the Thermidorians, 271;
tyranny of, 273;
strive for the mastery, 278;
reaction in favor of, 283;
N.'s relations with, 183, 304;
influence in the Directory, ii. 49;
activity in May elections (1799), 91;
political faith, 94;
influence in the Five Hundred, 97;
suppression of their section of the press, 96;
attitude on the 19th Brumaire, 115;
end of the party, 120, 125;
financial effects of their rule, 134;
legislation against, 134;
attitude toward the Church, 205;
assassination schemes among, 239, 241;
reputed rising in France, 298;
England fosters the spirit of insurrection among the, 300;
alienated from N., iv. [166];
subservient to N.'s will, [259].
Jaffa, bombardment of, ii. 69;
massacre and license at, 70;
the French hospitals at, 74, 75;
stories of N.'s inhumanity at, 75;
the retreat from, 76.
Jamestown, St. Helena, iv. [228].
Janina, Pasha of, rebellious spirit of, ii. 17.
Janizaries, rebellion of the, iii. 33, 163.
Jason, N. likened to, iii. 387.
Jauberthon, Mme. de, marries Lucien Buonaparte, iii. 129.
Jaucourt, ——, royalist intrigues of, iv. [107];
letter of, March 17, 1814, [107];
member of the executive commission, [115].
Jay treaty, the, ii. 212.
Jemmapes, battle of, i. 194.
Jefferson, Thomas, his embargo policy, iii. 101, 102.
Jena, battle of, ii. 429-434;
moral effect upon Prussia, 435;
practical results to the French, 437;
Prussia's humiliation at, iii. 57;
a royal hare-hunt on the field of, 178;
immediate effects of the battle, 190;
patriotism in the university, 398;
the strategy of, 404.
Jena, the bridge of, in Paris, iii. 74.
Jerome (king of Westphalia), violates the Continental System, iii. 266;
acquires Hanover and Magdeburg, 266;
hesitates about furnishing new levies, iv. [394].
See also [Buonaparte, Jerome].
Jesuits, Carlo Buonaparte's claims against the, i. 32, 43, 63;
Alexander seeks their influence in Poland, iii. 384.
Jesus Christ, N. compares Apollonius of Tyana with, ii. 206.
Jews, in Corsica, i. 16;
Paoli's relations with the, 16;
rights and duties under the Code, ii. 224;
the Semitic question in France, iii. 75-78;
general Sanhedrim of, 76;
N.'s legislation concerning, 85;
liable to military service, 77;
regulations for Alsace, 77;
present standing in France, 77; iv. [259].
Jezzar, commanding Turkish troops in Syria, ii. 68-71;
N. reports his massacres to, 70;
reinforcements from Damascus for, 71.
Joachim I, grand duke of Cleves and Berg, ii. 403.
See also [Murat].
John, Archduke, succeeds Kray in command, ii. 188;
forces of, 188;
position on the Inn, 191;
battle of Hohenlinden, 191;
reaches Marburg, 367;
to excite revolt in the Tyrol, iii. 199;
defeats Prince Eugène, 201;
abandons the Tyrol, 211;
escapes from Macdonald into Hungary, 212;
ordered to Linz, 216;
at Völkermarkt, 217;
in Hungary, 225;
driven into Hungary by Eugène, 226;
preparations to oppose, 226;
advances toward Raab, 226;
in Presburg, 227, 228, 230;
turns to guard Hungary, 231;
ordered to attack, 230;
accused of criminal negligence, 230;
banished to Styria, 230;
proposes to continue the war, 235;
quarrels with Charles, 235.
John, Don, regent of Portugal, iii. 119;
character, 119;
yields to demands of France, 120;
plan to capture, 121;
Bellesca organizes rebellion in favor of, 122.
Jomini, Henri, on the Eckmühl campaign, iii. 210;
records N.'s warlike spirit, 326;
N.'s military confidences and conversations with, 333, 338;
alleged hostility of Berthier to, iv. [2];
goes over to the allies, [2];
military genius, [2].
Jouan, Gulf of, landing of N. on shores of, iv. [153].
Joubert, Gen. B. C., in Rivoli campaign, i. 410-415;
occupies Rivoli, 410;
military operations in the Tyrol, 431, 435;
joins N., 435;
withdraws from the Tyrol, 436, 442;
French agent in the Netherlands, ii. 38;
to succeed N. in Italy, 73;
defeated and killed at Novi, 83, 92, 96;
succeeds Moreau, 92;
relations with Sieyès, 92;
statue at the Tuileries, 147.
Jourdan, Gen. J. B., defeats the Austrians at Fleurus, i. 273;
suspected of intrigue, 278;
a product of Carnot's system, 332;
saved from defeat at Maubeuge, 332;
commanding forces at Düsseldorf, 347;
military genius, 350;
seizes Würzburg, 385;
meets with disaster in Germany, 385;
defeated near Ratisbon, 385;
wins battle of Altenkirchen, 385;
disgraced, 450;
member of the Five Hundred, ii. 72;
commanding Army of the Danube, 72;
ordered to central Germany, 87;
defeated at Ostrach and Stockach, 88;
succeeded by Lenouf, 88;
carries out conscription measures, 93;
Jacobin candidate for supreme command, 94;
demands a vote of "public danger," 96;
fails to attend banquet at St. Sulpice, 100;
warned to keep the peace, 109;
legislation aimed against, 134;
annexes Piedmont, 233;
victory at Fleurus, 323;
pacification of Piedmont, 323;
created marshal, 323;
military adviser to Joseph, iii. 183;
goes over to Louis XVIII, iv. [132];
recreated marshal, [167].
"Journal of Debates," the, iii. 88.
"Journal of the Empire," the, iii. 88.
Joux, imprisonment and death of Toussaint Louverture in castle of, ii. 237.
Judicial administration, the, ii. 149-153.
Judiciary, reform of the, i. 152.
July 14, celebration of, ii. 195.
Junot, Gen. Andoche, N. wins the admiration of, i. 237;
letters from N., 255; iii. 356, 357;
accompanies N. to Paris, i. 263;
delivers N.'s terms to Venice, 437;
escorts Josephine to Montebello, 455;
formulates demand on the Venetian senate, ii. 11;
service in Egypt, 53;
in battle of Esdraelon, 72;
ordered to leave Egypt, 81;
ordered with "corps of observation" to Portugal, iii. 67;
his venality and greed, 81, 122;
ordered to invade Portugal, 120;
reaches Abrantès, 121;
garrisons Portuguese fortresses, 121;
prepares for invasion of Spain, 121;
reaches Lisbon, 121;
military administration in Portugal, 122;
goes to Oporto, 122;
aspires to the crown of Portugal, 122, 287;
revulsion of feeling in Portugal against, 122;
appointed governor of Portugal, 132;
strength in Portugal, 156;
Bessières ordered to connect with, 157;
precarious situation, 157;
escapes to Cintra, 157;
defeated at Vimeiro, 158;
surrenders at Cintra, 158, 159, 186;
returns to France, 157;
forces in Spain, 183;
defeated by the Black Legion at Berneck, 234;
in Leon, 283;
battle of Borodino, 344.
Junot, Mme., i. 283;
opinions of N., ii. 197;
ancient lineage of, iii. 122.
Jura Mountains, proposed boundary for Germany, iii. 320.
Jüterbog, Bernadotte at, iv. [18].
K
Kaja, fighting at, iii. 405.
Kalatscha, River, military operations on the, iii. 343-344.
Kalish, treaty of, Feb. 28, 1813, iii. 385, 398.
Kalkreuth, Gen., Prussian commander, ii. 419;
defense of Dantzic, iii. 22;
at Tilsit, 49;
agreement to evacuate Prussia, 99.
Kaluga, extension of the Russian lines toward, iii. 351;
French retreat toward, 353.
Kamenski, Gen., Russian general-in-chief, iii. 8;
mistake at battle of Pultusk, 9;
retired, 9.
Kandahar, projected rising against England in, iii. 21.
Kapzewitch, Gen., reinforces Blücher at Montmirail, iv. [63].
Karl August, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, accepts French terms after Jena, ii. 443.
Karlings, the, the legitimacy of, ii. 325.
Kastel, Bertrand stationed at, iv. [54].
Katzbach, River, Blücher crosses the, iv. [7];
battle of, [15].
Kehl, Moreau crosses the Rhine at, i. 385.
Keith, Adm. G. K. E., expedition against Genoa, ii. 160;
gratitude to N. for favors, iv. [226];
announces the sentence of imprisonment to N., [226].
Kellermann, Gen. F. C., defeats the allies at Valmy, i. 194;
commanding forces in the Alps, 213, 347;
plans of the Directory regarding, 363;
in Savoy, 365;
receives subsidy from N., 365;
proposition that he organize republics in Italy, 372.
Kellermann, Gen. F. E., in battle of Marengo, ii. 180, 272;
battle of Leipsic, iv. [29], [32];
transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, [132];
recreated marshal, [132];
in the Waterloo campaign, [172], [173], [182], [203];
battle of Quatre Bras, [182].
Kemberg, Blücher's march to, iv. [22].
Keralio, M. de, commends N.'s ability, i. 56, 57.
Khiva, proposed Franco-Russian expedition via, ii. 194.
Kienmayer, Gen., Austrian commandant in Franconia, iii. 234.
Kilmaine, Gen. C. J., watches Venice, i. 431.
"King of the French," or "King of France," i. 119.
Kings, divine right of, iv. [250].
Kinzig, the Austrian line at, ii. 160.
Kinzig, River, military operations on the, iv. [36].
Kirchener, Gen., killed at Reichenbach, iii. 411.
Klagenfurt, capture of, i. 434;
N. in, 435;
invasion of the Tyrol from, iii. 234.
Kléber, Gen. J. B., military successes of, i. 274;
a product of Carnot's system, 332;
service in Egypt, ii. 53 et seq.;
marches on Syria, 69;
in battle of Esdraelon, 71, 72;
at the siege of Acre, 74;
in the battle of Aboukir, 78;
appointed to chief command of army in Egypt, 80;
instructions for evacuating Egypt, 81;
protests against N.'s conduct, 81;
deceived by N., 81;
prepares to evacuate Egypt, 143;
military genius, 189;
concludes treaty of El Arish, 189;
his admirable administration, 181;
assassination of, 181, 211;
succeeded by Menou, 181.
Klein, Gen., in the Austerlitz campaign, ii. 380;
Blücher's duplicity to, 436.
Kleist, Gen., in battle of Bautzen, iii. 410;
Prussian commissioner at Poischwitz, 415, 417;
battle of Kulm, iv. [15];
reinforces Blücher at Montmirail, [63];
displaced, [172].
Klenau, Gen., at surrender of Mantua, i. 417;
threatens Augereau, ii. 192;
commanding under Archduke John, 188;
battle of Wagram, iii. 228;
march from Tharandt to Dresden, iv. [10].
Knight of Malta, the, letters from the Czar to, i. 424;
death of, ii. 18.
Knights of St. John of Malta, the, corruption among, ii. 56;
wars against the Turks, 58;
Paul I seeks to head, 154;
Malta restored to, 262, 267.
Kobelnitz, military operations near, ii. 385.
Kolberg, Bennigsen attempts to succor, iii. 10;
siege abandoned, 20;
N. demands, as a pledge, 36.
Kolin, battle of, iv. [267].
Koller, Gen., Austrian commissioner at Fontainebleau, iv. [135];
suggests an asylum for N. in England, [135];
accompanies N. to Elba, [140];
quits Elba, [142].
Kollowrath, Gen., in battle of Austerlitz, ii. 386;
ordered to seize Linz, iii. 216.
Königsberg, Lestocq's retreat to, ii. 435;
Ney's false move toward, iii. 8;
Frederick William shut up in, 9;
Bennigsen's defense of, 14;
Bennigsen retreats to, 18;
Russian retreat toward, 30;
Lestocq driven into, 31;
reinforcements for Bennigsen from, 31;
N. leaves Tilsit for, 65;
the League of Virtue in, 103;
popularity of Stein's measures at, 193;
Alexander I at, 194;
Murat enters, 384;
patriotism in the university, 398;
proposed new capital for Prussia, 409.
Korner, Theodor, incites Prussian patriotism, iii. 397.
Korneuburg, military operations near, iii. 217.
Korsakoff, Gen., defeated by Masséna at Zürich, ii. 93, 142.
Kosciusko, Tadeusz, lack of faith in N., ii. 444, 445.
Kösen, the allies outwitted at, iv. [35].
Kossuth, Louis, charges treachery against Maria Louisa, iii. 418.
Kottbus, ceded to Saxony, iii. 62.
Kourakine, Count, at Tilsit, iii. 49;
Russian ambassador to France, 314;
injured by fire, 314;
leaves Paris for St. Petersburg, 315;
takes N.'s messages to Alexander, 315.
Krasnoi, the French retreat through, iii. 363-366;
N.'s coolness at, 365;
compared to Hanau, iv. [35].
Kray, Gen. Paul, commanding Austrian troops on the Rhine, ii. 161;
N.'s plans to defeat, 163;
abandons Donaueschingen, 166;
outwitted by Moreau, 166;
defeated by Moreau at Engen, 167;
retreats toward the Danube, 166;
defeated at Messkirch, 167;
superseded by Archkude John, 188.
Kremlin, the, iii. 345, 348;
French occupation of, 345, 349;
pillaged, 349;
failure to destroy, 335, 356.
Krems, Kutusoff crosses the Danube at, ii. 367.
Kronach, the Imperial Guard at, ii. 428.
Krossen, proposed allotment of, to Saxony, iii. 409.
Kulm, battle of, iv. [14], [15].
Kunersdorf, battle of, iv. [267].
Küstrin, capitulation of, ii. 436;
held by the French, iii. 402;
relief of the French garrison in, iv. [2].
Kutusoff, Gen. M. L. G., moves toward Brünn, ii. 367;
crosses the Danube at Krems, 367;
escapes from Murat, 378;
pursued by the French, 379;
at Schrattenthal, 379;
outwits Murat at Hollabrunn, 379;
joins Austrian and Russian troops' at Brünn, 379, 380;
battle of Austerlitz, 386-390;
succeeds Barclay de Tolly, iii. 343;
battle of Borodino, 343, 344;
flight from Borodino, 345;
claims the victory, 345, 347;
reinforcements for, 350;
takes position at Tarutino, 350;
menaces the French in Moscow, 350;
refers Lauriston to St. Petersburg, 351;
extends his line toward Kaluga, 351;
feigned movement against, 353-356;
defeated at Malojaroslavetz, 355;
Russian failure to reinforce, 359;
N. plans an ambush for, 360;
battle of Wiazma, 359;
his allies Want and Winter, 360, 372;
at Krasnoi, 364;
pursuit of the French army, 366;
mistake as to N.'s movements, 370;
responsibility for further bloodshed, 374;
"the plain gentleman of Pskoff," 375;
bad generalship of, 374, 384;
losses in the campaign, 383;
enters Vilna, 383;
desires peace, 383;
advance through Poland, 395;
N. seeks Austrian aid to check, 396;
issues proclamation to German princes, 398;
death, 399.