The first class are mere Verbal Quibbles, and hardly deserve serious treatment, still less minute subdivision. The world was young when time was spent upon them. Aristotle names six varieties, but they all turn on ambiguity of word or structure, and some of them, being dependent on Greek syntax, cannot easily be paralleled in another tongue.
(1) Ambiguity of word (ὁμωνυμία). As if one were to argue: "All cold can be expelled by heat: John's illness is a cold: therefore it can be expelled by heat". Or: "Some afflictions are cheering, for afflictions are sometimes light, and light is always cheering". The serious confusion of ambiguous words is met by Definition, as explained at length in pt. ii. c. i.
(2) Ambiguity of structure (ἀμφιβολία).
"What he was beaten with was what I saw him beaten with: what I saw him beaten with was my eye: therefore, what he was beaten with was my eye."
"How do you do?" "Do? Do what?" "I mean, how do you feel?" "How do I feel? With my fingers, of course; but I can see very well." "No, no; I mean, how do you find yourself?" "Then why did you not say so? I never exactly noticed, but I will tell you next time I lose myself."
(3) Illicit conjunction (σύνθεσις).
Socrates is good. Socrates is a musician. Therefore Socrates is a good musician.
(4) Illicit disjunction (διαίρεσις).
Socrates is a good musician. Therefore he is a good man.
(5) Ambiguity of pronunciation (προσῳδία), fallacia accentus).