Wood and Forest - William Noyes

[Footnote 2:] This is shown by the following table, from Forestry Bulletin No. 10, p. 31, Timber, by Filibert Roth:

POUNDS OF WATER LOST IN DRYING 100 POUNDS OF GREEN WOOD IN THE KILN.

	Sap-wood or outer part.	Heart-wood or interior.
1. Pines, cedars, spruces, and firs	45-65	16-25
2. Cypress, extremely variable	50-65	18-60
3. Poplar, cottonwood, basswood	60-65	40-60
4. Oak, beech, ash, elm, maple, birch, hickory, chestnut, walnut, and sycamore	40-50	30-40

[Footnote 3:] The following table from Roth, p. 37, gives the approximate shrinkage of a board, or set of boards, 100 inches wide, drying in the open air:

	Shrinkage Inches.
1. All light conifers (soft pine, spruce, cedar, cypress)	3
2. Heavy conifers (hard pine, tamarack, yew, honey locust, box elder, wood of old oaks)	4
3. Ash, elm, walnut, poplar, maple, beech, sycamore, cherry, black locust	5
4. Basswood, birch, chestnut, horse chestnut, blue beech, young locust	6
5. Hickory, young oak, especially red oak	Up to 10

The figures are the average of radial and tangential shrinkages.

[Footnote 4:] How much different woods vary may be seen by the following table, taken from Filibert Roth, Timber, Forest Service Bulletin No. 10, p. 28:

WEIGHT OF KILN-DRIED WOOD OF DIFFERENT SPECIES.

	Approximate.
	Specific weight.	Weight of
	Specific weight.	1 cubic foot.	1,000 feet of lumber.
		Pounds	Pounds
(a) Very heavy woods: Hickory, oak, persimmon, osage, orange, black locust, hackberry, blue beech, best of elm, and ash	0.70-0.80	42-48	3,700
(b) Heavy woods: Ash, elm, cherry, birch, maple, beech, walnut, sour gum, coffee tree, honey locust, best of southern pine, and tamarack	.60-.70	36-42	3,200
(c) Woods of medium weight: Southern pine, pitch pine, tamarack, Douglas spruce, western hemlock, sweet gum, soft maple, sycamore, light sassafras, mulberry, grades of birch and cherry	.50-.60	30-36	2,700
(d) Light woods: Norway and bull pine, red cedar, cypress, hemlock, the heavier spruce and fir, redwood, basswood, chestnut, butternut, tulip, catalpa, buckeye, heavier grades of poplar	.40-.50	24-30	2,200
(e) Very light woods: White pine, spruce, fir, white cedar, poplar	.30-.40	18-24	1,800

[Footnote 5:] For table of weights of different woods see Sargent, Jesup Collection, pp. 153-157.