Wood and Forest - William Noyes

[Footnote 1:] The evils of grazing are increased by the fact that fires are sometimes started intentionally in order to increase the area of grazing land.

THE NATURAL ENEMIES OF THE FOREST.

References:*
- (1) Meterological.
  - Pinchot, Primer I, pp. 75-76.
  - Roth, First Book, pp. 198-202.
  - Bruncken, pp. 27-29.
- Water.
  - Roth, First Book, p. 27.
- Snow, ice and frost.
  - Pinchot, Primer, I, p. 76.
  - Bruce, For. and Irr., 8: 159, Ap. '02.
- (2) Vegetable.
  - Roth, First Book, p. 4.
  - Boulger, pp. 70-75.
  - Spaulding, For. Bull., No. 22.
  - Ward, Chaps. V, VI, VII.
  - Sickles, pp. 41-45.
  - von Schrenck, For. Bull., No. 41, Pl. III.
  - Sherfesee. For. Circ. No. 139.
  - von Schrenck, Bur. Plant Ind. Bull. No. 36.
  - von Schrenck, Bur. Plant Ind. Bull. No. 32.
  - von Schrenck, Agric. Yr. Bk., 1900, p. 199.
- (3) Animal.
- Grazing.
  - Pinchot, Primer I, pp. 69-73, II, p. 73.
  - Pinchot, Agric. Yr. Bk., 1898, p. 187
  - Coville, For. Bull. No. 15, pp. 28-31.
  - Roth, First Bk., p. 130, 178.
- Insects.
  - Comstock, passim.
  - Hopkins, Agric. Yr. Bk., 1902, pp. 265-282.
  - Roth, First Book, pp. 115-130.
  - Howard, Entom. Bull., No. 11, n. s.
  - Hopkins, Spaulding, Entom. Bull., No. 28.
  - Hopkins, Entom. Bull., No. 48.
  - Hopkins, Agric. Yr. Bk., 1903, pp. 313-329.
  - Hopkins, Agric. Yr. Bk., 1904, pp. 382-389, Figs. 43-56.
  - Pinchot, Primer, I, p. 73.
  - Felt, N. Y. State Museum Bull., 103, Ent. 25.
  - Hopkins, Entom. Bull. No. 32.
  - Hopkins, Entom. Bull. No. 56.
  - Hopkins, Entom. Bull. No. 58.
  - Spaulding and Chittenden, For. Bull. No. 22, pp. 55-61.

* For general bibliography, see [p. 4.]

Chapter VII.

THE EXHAUSTION OF THE FOREST.

The exhaustion of the forest in the United States is due to two main causes: (1) Fire, and (2) Destructive Lumbering.

FIRE.

It is not commonly realized that forest fires are almost entirely the result of human agency. When cruisers first began to locate claims in this country, practically no regions had been devastated by fire. Now such regions are to be seen everywhere. Altho lightning occasionally sets fire to forests, especially in the Rocky Mountains, the losses from this cause are trifling compared with the total loss.