[34] Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. des Poissons, vol. xviii. pp. 279-80, Paris, 1846. Since in this volume the geographical distribution of the pike, as known at the time, is set forth without any mention of Greece, it is rather difficult to understand the surprise of Valenciennes, who wrote the volume in question; Cuvier died in 1832.
[35] É. Cartailhac, La France Préhistorique, Paris, 1889, p. 82, fig. 41.
[36] É. Cartailhac, Matériaux pour l’histoire de l’homme, xiii. p. 395. The Magdalenian workmanship on bone was extraordinarily fine. Their bone needles (according to de Mortillet) are much superior to those of the later, even of historical times, down to the Renaissance. The Romans never possessed needles comparable with them.
[37] G. de Mortillet, Origines de la Chasse et de la Pêche (Paris, 1890), p. 222. Our learned author nods. If the seals had killed the trout, it would not have floated “belly up,” but instantly down their bellies.
[38] S. Reinach, Répertoire de l’Art Quaternaire (Paris, 1913), p. 156, which is a complete summary of the various finds in excavations, etc. See p. 88 for a seal, and p. 114 for a fine representation from Laugerie Basse of two fish meeting.
[39] Fishermen in Malay, while they are at sea, studiously avoid mentioning the names of birds or beasts: all animals are called “cheweh,” a meaningless word, which is believed not to be understood by the creatures (J. G. Frazer, The Golden Bough, second edition, 1900, vol. i. p. 460). So, too, fishermen from some villages on the N.E. coast of Scotland never pronounce, while at sea, under penalty of poor catches, certain words such as “minister,” “salmon,” “trout,” “swine,” etc. The first, poor fellow! “que diable allait-il faire dans cette galère?” is invariably referred to as “the man with the black ‘guyte’” (Ibid., p. 453).
[40] Acad. des Sciences, Paris, séance du 22 juin, 1903.
[41] The pictured hook is of special interest. The head, considered by Krause that of a wizard, was intended to endow the hook with an extra power of magic.
[42] F. Boaz, 6th Report on N.W. Tribes of Canada, p. 45.
[43] E. Aymonier, Cochinchene Françoise, No. 16, p. 157, as quoted by Frazer. Ibid.