[741] This point has since been well presented in Suffern, Railroad Operating Cost, New York, 1911. Cf. chap. II, supra.
[742] This argument is critically examined in the Quarterly Journal of Economics, XXV, 1911, pp. 539-562. Cf. Railway Age Gazette, 1912, p. 287.
[743] Data as to gross and net earnings at this time by comparison with former years will be found at p. [79], supra.
[744] 20 I. C. C. Rep., 243 and 307.
[745] Cf. Railway Age Gazette, LIV, 1912, pp. 10-14, and 803. A peculiarly suggestive instance is the allowance of increases on soft coal. Not a mere motive,—the need of more revenue,—but proof of reasonableness in detail was offered in evidence. 23 I. C. C. Rep., 617.
CHAPTER XIX
THE LONG AND SHORT HAUL CLAUSE: TRANSCONTINENTAL RATES
"Substantially similar circumstances and conditions" stricken out in 1910, [601].—Debate and probable intention of Congress, [602].—Constitutionality of procedure, [603].—Nature of applications for exemption, [604].—Market and water competition, [605].
The Intermountain Rate cases, [610].—The grievances examined, [611].—The "blanket rate" system, [611].—Its causes analyzed, [612].—Previous decisions compared, [615].—Graduated rates proposed by the Commission, [616].—The Commerce Court review, [620].—Water v. commercial competition again, [620].—Absolute v. relative reasonableness, [622].—Legal technicalities, [625].—Minimum v. relative rates, [624].—Constitutionality of minimum rates, [625].