CHAPTER X
THE TRUNK LINE RATE SYSTEM: A DISTANCE TARIFF
Conditions prevalent in 1875, [356].—Various elements distinguished, [358].—The MacGraham percentage plan, [360].—Bearing upon port differentials, [361].—The final plan described, [363].—Competition at junction points, [368].—Independent transverse railways, [370].—Commercial competition, [372].—Limits of the plan, [375].—Central Traffic Association rules, [376].
CHAPTER XI
SPECIAL RATE PROBLEMS: THE SOUTHERN BASING POINT SYSTEM; TRANSCONTINENTAL RATES; PORT DIFFERENTIALS, ETC.
Contrast between the basing point and trunk line systems, [380].—Natural causes in southern territory, [381].—Economic dependence, [381].—Wide-spread water competition, [382].—High level of rates, [382].—The basing point system described, [383].—Its economic defences, [384].—Early trade centres, [384].—Water competition once more, [385].—Three types of basing point, [387].—Purely artificial ones exemplified, [388].—Different practice among railroads, [390].—Attempts at reform, [391].—Western v. eastern cities, [391].—Effect of recent industrial revival, [392].—The Texas group system, [393].—An outcome of commercial rivalry, [394].—Local competition of trade centres, [395].—Possibly artificial and unstable, [395].—The transcontinental rate system, [395].—High level of charges, [396].—Water competition, [396].—Carload ratings and graded charges, [398].—Competition of jobbing centres, [398].—Canadian differentials, [400].—"Milling-in-transit" and similar practices, [401].—"Floating Cotton," [402].—"Substitution of tonnage," [403].—Seaboard differentials, [403].—Historically considered, [403].—The latest decision, [403].—Import and export rates, [404]-409.
CHAPTER XII
THE MOVEMENT OF RATES SINCE 1870; RATE WARS
Contrast before and after 1900, [411].—Revenue per ton mile data, [412].—Their advantages and defects, [414].—Nature of the traffic, [416].—Low-grade traffic increasing, [416].—Growing diversification of tonnage, [418].—Present conditions illustrated, [419].—Length of the haul, [421].—The proportion of local and through business, [422].—Effect of volume of traffic, [424].—Proper use of revenue per ton mile, [425].—Index of actual rates, [426].—Its advantages and defects, [427].—Difficulty of following rate changes since 1900, [427].—Passenger fares, [429].—Freight rates and price movements, [430].
Improvement in observance of tariffs, [431].—Conditions in the eighties, [432].—The depression of 1893-1897, [433].—Resumption of prosperity in 1898, [436].—The rate wars of 1903-1906, [438].—Threatened disturbances in 1909-1911, [439].