Abahai, ruler
Abdication
Aborigines
Absolutism (see Despotism, Dictator, Emperor, Monarchy)
Academia Sinica
Academies
Administration;
provincial
(see Army, Feudalism, Bureaucracy)
Adobe (Mud bricks)
Adoptions
Afghanistan
Africa
Agriculture;
development;
Origin of;
of Shang;
shifting (denshiring)
(see Wheat, Millet, Rice, Plough, Irrigation, Manure, Canals,
Fallow)
An Ti, ruler of Han
Ainu, tribes
Ala-shan mountain range
Alchemy (see Elixir)
Alexander the Great
America (see United States)
Amithabha, god
Amur, river
An Chi-yeh, rebel
An Lu-shan, rebel
Analphabetism
Anarchists
Ancestor, cult
Aniko, sculptor
Animal style
Annam (Vietnam)
Anyang (Yin-ch'ü)
Arabia;
Arabs
Architecture
Aristocracy (see Nobility, Feudalism)
Army, cost of;
organization of;
size of;
Tibetan
(see War, Militia, tu-tu, pu-ch'ü)
Art, Buddhist (see Animal style, Architecture, Pottery, Painting,
Sculpture, Wood-cut)
Arthashastra, book, attributed to Kautilya
Artisans;
Organizations of
(see Guilds, Craftsmen)
Assimilation (see Colonization)
Astronomy
Austroasiatics
Austronesians
Avars, tribe (see Juan-juan)
Axes, prehistoric
Axis, policy
Babylon
Baghdad, city
Balasagun, city
Ballads
Banks
Banner organization
Barbarians (Foreigners)
Bastards
Bath
Beg, title
Beggar
Bengal
Boat festival
Bokhara (Bukhara), city
Bon, religion
Bondsmen (see pu-ch'ü, Serfs, Feudalism)
Book, printing;
B burning
Böttger, inventor
Boxer rebellion
Boycott
Brahmans, Indian caste
Brain drain
Bronze (see Metal, Copper)
Brothel (Tea-house)
Buddha;
Buddhism
(see Ch'an, Vinaya, Sects, Amithabha, Maitreya, Hinayana,
Mahayana, Monasteries, Church, Pagoda, Monks, Lamaism)
Budget (see Treasury, Inflation, Deflation)
Bullfights
Bureaucracy;
religious B
(see Administration; Army)
Burgher (liang-min)
Burma
Businessmen (see Merchants, Trade)
Byzantium
Calcutta, city
Caliph (Khaliph)
Cambodia
Canals;
Imperial C
(see Irrigation)
Cannons
Canton (Kuang-chou), city
Capital of Empire (see Ch'ang-an, Sian, Loyang, etc.)
Capitalism (see Investments, Banks, Money, Economy, etc.)
Capitulations (privileges of foreign nations)
Caravans (see Silk road, Trade)
Carpet
Castes, (see Brahmans)
Castiglione, G., painter
Cattle, breeding
Cavalry, (see Horse)
Cave temples (see Lung-men, Yün-kang, Tunhuang)
Censorate
Censorship
Census (see Population)
Central Asia (see Turkestan, Sinkiang, Tarim, City States)
Champa, State
Ch'an (Zen), meditative Buddhism
Chan-kuo Period (Contending States)
Chancellor
Ch'ang-an, capital of China (see Sian)
Chang Ch'ien, ambassador
Chang Chü-chan, teacher
Chang Hsien-chung, rebel
Chang Hsüeh-hang, war lord
Chang Ling, popular leader
Chang Ti, ruler
Chang Tsai, philosopher
Chang Tso-lin, war lord
Chao, state;
Earlier Chao;
Later Chao
Chao K'uang-yin (T'ai Tsu), ruler
Chao Mêng-fu, painter
Charters
Chefoo Convention
Ch'en, dynasty
Ch'en Pa-hsien, ruler
Ch'en Tu-hsiu, intellectual
Ch'eng Hao, philosopher
Cheng Ho, navy commander
Ch'eng I, philosopher
Cheng-i-chiao, religion
Ch'eng Ti, ruler of Han;
ruler of Chin
Ch'eng Tsu, ruler of Manchu
Ch'engtu, city
Ch'i, state;
short dynasty;
Northern Ch'i
Ch'i-fu, clan
Chi-nan, city
Ch'i-tan (see Kitan)
Ch'i Wan-nien, leader
Chia, clan
Chia-ch'ing, period
Chia Ss[)u]-tao, politician
Ch'iang, tribes, (see Tanguts)
Chiang Kai-shek, president
Ch'ien-lung, period
ch'ien-min (commoners),
Chin, dynasty, (see Juchên);
dynasty;
Eastern Chin dynasty;
Later Chin dynasty,
Ch'in, state;
Ch'in, dynasty;
Earlier Ch'in dynasty;
Later Ch'in dynasty;
Western Ch'in dynasty
Ch'in K'ui, politician
Chinese, origin of
Ching Fang, scholar
Ching-tê (-chen), city
ching-t'ien system
Ching Tsung, Manchu ruler
Ch'iu Ying, painter
Chou, dynasty;
short Chou dynasty;
Later Chou dynasty;
Northern Chou dynasty
Chou En-lai, politician
Chou-k'ou-tien, archaeological site
Chou-kung (Duke of Chou)
Chou-li, book
Chou Tun-i, philosopher
Christianity (see Nestorians, Jesuits, Missionaries)
Chronology
Ch'u, state
Chu Ch'üan-chung, general and ruler
Chu Hsi, philosopher
Chu-ko Liang, general
Chu Tê, general
Chu Tsai-yü, scholar
Chu Yüan-chang (T'ai Tsu), ruler
chuang (see Manors, Estates)
Chuang Tz[)u], philosopher
Chün-ch'en, ruler
Ch'un-ch'iu, book
chün-t'ien system (land equalization system)
chün-tz[)u] (gentleman)
Chung-ch'ang T'ung, philosopher
Chungking (Ch'ung-ch'ing), city
Church, Buddhistic
Taoistic
(see Chang Ling)
Cities
spread and growth of cities
origin of cities
twin cities
(see City states, Ch'ang-an, Sian, Loyang, Hankow, etc.)
City States (of Central Asia)
Clans
Classes, social classes
(see Castes, ch'ien-min, liang-min, Gentry, etc.)
Climate, changes
Cliques
Cloisonné
Cobalt
Coins (see Money)
Colonialism (see Imperialism)
Colonization (see Migration, Assimilation)
Colour prints
Communes
Communism (see Marxism, Socialism, Soviets)
Concubines
Confessions
Confucian ritual
Confucianism
Confucian literature
false Confucian literature
Confucians
(see Neo-Confucianism)
Conquests (see War, Colonialism)
Conservatism
Constitution
Contending States
Co-operatives
Copper (see Bronze, Metal)
Corruption
Corvée (forced labour) (see Labour)
Cotton
Courtesans (see Brothel)
Coxinga, rebel
Craftsmen (see Artisans)
Credits
Criminals
Crop rotation
Dalai Lama, religious ruler of Tibet
Dance
Deflation
Deities (see T'ien, Shang Ti, Maitreya, Amithabha, etc.)
Delft, city
Demands, the twenty-one
Democracy
Denshiring
Despotism (see Absolutism)
Dewey, J., educator
Dialects (see Language)
Dialecticians
Dictators (see Despotism)
Dictionaries
Diploma, for monks
Diplomacy
Disarmament
Discriminatory laws (see Double Standard)
Dog
Dorgon, prince
Double standard, legal
Drama
Dress, changes
Dungan, tribes
Dynastic histories (see History)
Dzungars, people
Eclipses
Economy
Money economy
Natural economy
(see Agriculture, Nomadism, Industry, Denshiring, Money, Trade, etc.)
Education (see Schools, Universities, Academies, Script,
Examination system, etc.)
Elements, the five
Elephants
Élite (see Intellectuals, Students, Gentry)
Elixir (see Alchemy)
Emperor, position of
Emperor and church
(see Despotism, King, Absolutism, Monarchy, etc.)
Empress (see Lü, Wu, Wei, Tz[)u] Hsi)
Encyclopaedias
England (see Great Britain)
Ephtalites, tribe
Epics
Equalization Office (see chün-t'ien)
Erotic literature
Estates (chuang)
Ethics (see Confucianism)
Eunuchs
Europe
Europeans
Examination system
Examinations for Buddhists
Fables
Factories
Fallow system
Falsifications (see Confucianism)
Family structure
Family ethics
Family planning
Fan Chung-yen, politician
Fascism
Federations, tribal
Felt
Fêng Kuo-chang, politician
Fêng Meng-lung, writer
Fêng Tao, politician
Fêng Yü-hsiang, war lord
Ferghana, city
Fertility cults
differential fertility
Fertilizer
Feudalism
end of feudalism
late feudalism
new feudalism
nomadic feudalism
(see Serfs, Aristocracy, Fiefs, Bondsmen, etc.)
Fiefs
Finances (see Budget, Inflation, Money, Coins)
Fire-arms (see Rifles, Cannons)
Fishing
Folk-tales
Food habits
Foreign relations (see Diplomacy, Treaty, Tribute, War)
Forests
Formosa (T'aiwan)
France
Frontier, concept of
Frugality
Fu Chien, ruler
Fu-lan-chi (Franks)
Fu-lin, Manchu ruler
Fu-yü, country
Fukien, province
Galdan, leader
Gandhara, country
Gardens
Geisha (see Courtesans)
Genealogy
Genghiz Khan, ruler
Gentry (Upper class)
colonial gentry
definition of gentry
gentry state
southern gentry
Germany
Gök Turks
Governors, role of
Grain (see Millet, Rice, Wheat)
Granaries
Great Britain (see England)
Great Leap Forward
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
Great Wall
Greeks
Guilds
Hakka, ethnic group
Hami, city state
Han, dynasty
Later Han dynasty
Han Fei Tz[)u], philosopher
Han T'o-wei, politician
Han Yü, philosopher
Hankow (Han-k'ou), city
Hangchow (Hang-chou), city
Heaven (see Shang Ti, T'ien)
Hermits (see Monks, Sages)
Hinayana, religion
Historians
Histories, dynastic
falsification of histories
Historiography
Hitler, Adolf, dictator
Hittites, ethnic group
Ho Ch'êng-t'ien, scholar
Ho-lien P'o-p'o, ruler
Ho Ti, Han ruler
hong, association
Hong Kong, colony
Hopei, province
Horse
horse chariot
horse riding
horse trade
Hospitals
Hou Ching, ruler
Houses (see Adobe)
Hsi-hsia, kingdom
Hsi-k'ang, Tibet
Hsia, dynasty
Hunnic Hsia dynasty
(see Hsi-hsia)
Hsia-hou, clan
Hsia Kui, painter
Hsiao Tao-ch'eng, general
Hsiao Wu Ti, Chin ruler
Hsieh, clan
Hsieh Hsüan, general
Hsien-feng, period
Hsien-pi, tribal federation
Hsien Ti, Han ruler
Hsien-yün, tribes
Hsin, dynasty
Hsin-an merchants
Hsin Ch'ing-nien, journal
Hsiung-nu, tribal federation (see Huns)
Hsü Shih-ch'ang, president
Hsüan-tê, period
Hsüan-tsang, Buddhist
Hsüan Tsung, T'ang ruler
Manchu ruler
Hsüan-t'ung, period
Hsün Tz[)u], philosopher
Hu, name of tribes (see Huns)
Hu Han-min, politician
Hu Shih, scholar and politician
Hu Wei-yung, politician
Huai-nan Tz[)u], philosopher
Huai, Ti, Chin ruler
Huan Hsüan, general
Huan Wen, general
Huang Ch'ao, leader of rebellion
Huang Ti, ruler
Huang Tsung-hsi, philosopher
Hui-chou merchants
hui-kuan, association
Hui Ti, Chin ruler
Manchu ruler
Hui Tsung, Sung ruler
Hui Tz[)u], philosopher
Human sacrifice
Hung Hsiu-ch'üan, leader of rebellion
Huns (see Hu, Hsiung-nu)
Hunting
Hutuktu, religious ruler
Hydraulic society
i-chuang, clan manors
Ili, river
Imperialism (see Colonialism)
India (see Brahmans, Bengal, Gandhara, Calcutta, Buddhism)
Indo-China (see Cambodia, Annam, Laos).
Indo-Europeans, language group (see Yüeh-chih, Tocharians,
Hittites)
Indonesia, (see Java)
Industries
Industrialization
Industrial society
(see Factories)
Inflation
Inheritance, laws of
Intellectuals (see Élite, Students)
Investments
Iran (Persia)
Iron
Cast iron
Iron money
(see Steel)
Irrigation
Islam (see Muslims)
Istanbul (Constantinople)
Italy
Japan (see Meiji, Tada, Tanaka)
Java
Jedzgerd, ruler,
Jehol, province,
Jen Tsung, Manchu ruler
Jesuits
Jews
Ju (scribes)
Juchên (Chin Dynasty, Jurchen)
Juan-juan, tribal federation
Jurchen (see Juchên)
K'ai-feng, city (see Yeh, Pien-liang)
Kalmuk, Mongol tribes (see Ölöt)
K'ang-hsi, period
K'ang Yo-wei, politician and scholar
Kansu, province (see Tunhuang)
Kao-ch'ang, city state
Kao, clan
Kao-li, state (see Korea)
Kao Ming, writer
Kao Tsu, Han ruler
Kao Tsung, T'ang ruler
Kao Yang, ruler
Kapok, textile fibre
Kara Kitai, tribal federation
Kashgar, city
Kazak, tribal federation
Khalif (see Caliph)
Khamba, Tibetans
Khan, Central Asian title
Khocho, city
Khotan, city
King, position of
first kings
religious character of kingship
(see Yao, Shun, Hsia dynasty, Emperor, Wang, Prince)
Kitan (Ch'i-tan), tribal federation (see Liao dynasty)
Ko-shu Han, general
Korea (see Kao-li, Pai-chi, Sin-lo)
K'ou Ch'ien-chih, Taoist
Kowloon, city
Ku Yen-wu, geographer
Kuan Han-ch'ing, writer
Kuang-hsü, period
Kuang-wu Ti, Han ruler
Kub(i)lai Khan, Mongol ruler
Kung-sun Lung, philosopher
K'ung Tz[)u] (Confucius)
Kuomintang (KMT), party
Kuo Wei, ruler
Kuo Tz[)u]-hsing, rebel leader
Kuo Tz[)u]-i, loyal general
Kyakhta (Kiachta), city