[237] Groos, Die Spiele der Menschen, pp. 246, 247.
[238] Réclus, Les Primitifs, p. 356. For some unmistakable examples of myths secondary to the corresponding rites see Spencer and Gillen, Native Tribes of Central Australia, p. 443.
[239] Cf. Abercromby, Pre-and Proto-historic Finns, i. pp. 358, 359, ii. p. 41.
[240] Erman, Travels, ii. pp. 50, 51.
[241] Lubbock, Origin of Civilisation, pp. 356 sq.
[242] Cf. Kingsley, Travels, p. 473. On the difficulty of deciding whether a given piece of sculpture is to be interpreted as an idol or as a merely memorial portrait, see Brinton, Report upon the Collections, etc., p. 33.
[243] Schweinfurth, Artes Africanæ, pl. viii. f. 5; Cruickshank, Eighteen Years on the Gold Coast, ii. pp. 270, 271; Schmeltz, Ethnol. Abtheil. des Mus. Godeffroy, p. 241.
[244] Codrington, The Melanesians, pp. 173, 174. The same views have been expressed by Finsch, Ethnologische Erfahrungen, pp. 255-257; Samoafahrten, pp. 47-49, 75, 175.
[245] Polack, New Zealand, i. pp. 115, 116, 236, 237; Robley, Moko, pp. 88 sq. Cf. about “Moko”-tattooing as a means of recognising individuals, living or dead, Robley, l.c. pp. 131, 146, 147, 159.
[246] Andree, Ethnographische Parallelen, i. pp. 258-261. The remarks of Herr Andree have been emphatically supported by von den Steinen, Unter den Naturvölkern Central Brasiliens, p. 244; cf. also Hoffman, Ethnographic Observations, in U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Survey, 1876, especially p. 475.