[164] Manu, ch. 8, sl. 104, 105.
[165] &c. i. e. his property, tribe, calling, customs, &c. (M.)
[166] Manu, ch. 8, sl. 168.
[167] literally "by three only," explained by the Commentator as above rendered.
[168] the Commentator considers the &c. here to signify, testing the handwriting of the writers or amanuenses employed.
[169] i. e. consideration of place, time, and persons connected with possession of the document. (M.)
[170] The Commentator divides written instruments into, 1. public or given by authority, and, 2. private, or those which the community use among themselves, and to which the rules in the text apply. These again are either, autograph, i. e. wholly written by the party who speaks by the document—or, written by another for him. The last description, he says, require to be attested, and their effect as proof depends upon local usage. He quotes Nárada as to the private writings. For the instruments emanating from authority, he refers to sl. 317, 318, 319 of Yájnavalkya's first Book, viz.
"When the monarch bestows lands or creates a charge in favor of any one, he shall, for information of future good monarchs, put it in writing, either on cloth or copper, setting his seal thereto. He shall inscribe the names of his ancestors and his own [also the donee's (M.)], the extent of the gift, its description by boundaries, also the date; all this shall be authenticated under his hand."
[171] This word in the 94th sloka we have rendered 'discharge.' Its ordinary and literal sense is 'purification.'
[172] scil. ordeals. (M.)