French Reader on the Cumulative Method / The story of Rodolphe and Coco the Chimpanzee

by Adolphe Dreyspring

Participle.

Present. parlant, speaking.

Compound. ayant parlé, having spoken.

Past. parlé, spoken.

§ 37. Models for Practice.

Observe that the additions to the verb retain their respective places, just as given in the models, through all the tenses. From this, however, as will be shown below, the Imperative must be excepted.

Assertives.

1. Je ne parle pas, I speak not. 2. Je le parle, I speak it (French). 3. Je ne le parle pas, I speak it not. 4. Je lui parle, I speak to him (her). 5. Je ne lui parle pas, I speak not to him (her). 6. Je leur parle, I speak to them. 7. Je ne leur parle pas, I speak not to them. 8. J'en parle, I speak of it. 9. Je n'en parle pas. I speak not of it. 10. Je lui en parle, I speak to him (her) of it. 11. Je ne lui en parle pas, I speak not to him (her) about it.

Je n'ai pas parlé, I have not spoken. Je l'ai parlé, I have spoken it. Je ne l'ai pas parlé, I have not spoken it. Je lui ai parlé, I have spoken to him (her). Je ne lui ai pas parlé, I have not spoken to him (her). Je leur ai parlé, I have spoken to them. Je ne leur ai pas parlé, I have not spoken to them. J'en ai parlé, I have spoken of it. Je n'en ai pas parlé, I have not spoken of it. Je lui en ai parlé, I have spoken to him (her) of it. Je ne lui en ai pas parlé, I have not spoken to him (her) about it.

N. B.--By placing est-ce que before the above models, interrogatives are obtained, as: Est-ce que je ne parle pas? Do I not speak?

Interrogatives.

12. Parle-je? Do I speak? 13. Ne parle-je pas? Do I not speak? 14. Le parle-je? Do I speak it? 15. Ne le parle-je pas? Do I not speak it? 16. Lui parle-je? Do I speak to him (to her)? 17. Ne lui en parle-je pas? Do I not speak to him about it? 18. Leur parlé-je? Do I speak to them? 19. Ne leur parlé-je pas? Do I not speak to them? 20. En parlé-je? Do I speak of it? 21. N'en parlé-je pas? Do I not speak of it? 22. Lui en parlé-je? Do I speak to him of it? 23. Ne lui en parlé-je pas? Do I not speak to him of it?

Ai-je parlé? Have I spoken? N'ai-je pas parlé? Have I not spoken? L'ai-je parlé? Have I spoken it? Ne l'ai-je pas parlé? Have I not spoken it? Lui ai-je parlé? Have I spoken to him (to her)? Ne lui en ai-je pas parlé? Have I not spoken to him about it? Leur ai-je parlé? Have I spoken to them about it? Ne leur ai-je pas parlé? Have I not spoken to them of it? En ai-je parlé? Have I spoken of it? N'en ai-je pas parlé? Have I not spoken of it? Lui en ai-je parlé? Have I spoken to him about it? Ne lui en ai-je pas parlé? Have I not spoken to him of it?

Imperatives.