Prince Semyon Semyonovich Abamelek-Lazarev was a Russian millionaire of Armenian origin noted for his contributions to archaeology and geology.

Semyon Altov is a Soviet comedy writer. Original name: Semyon Teodorovich Altshuller.

Semyon Ivanovich Aralov was a Russian revolutionary, military commander and Soviet statesman who served as the first head of the Soviet Red Army Intelligence Directorate and subsequently had a career in the Soviet diplomatic service.

Semyon Petrovich Babayevsky was a Soviet writer, three times Stalin Prize laureate, best known for his novel The Golden Star Chavalier (1947-1948) and the second part of it, Light Above the Land (1949-1950).

Semyon Arkadyevich Bagdasarov is a Russian politician and member of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. He is a member of A Just Russia.

Semyon Sergeyevich Bobrov — was a Russian poet and civil servant.

Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny was a Soviet cavalryman, military commander during the Russian Civil War, Polish-Soviet War and World War II, and politician, who was a close political ally of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.

Semyon Efimovich Desnitsky was a Russian legal scholar. He was known as a disciple of Adam Smith and introduced his ideas to the Russian public. He was also the first academic to deliver his lectures in Russian language rather than in Latin.

Semyon Lyudvigovich Frank was a Russian philosopher. Born into a Jewish family, he became an Orthodox Christian in 1912. In 1922 he was expelled from Soviet Russia and lived in Berlin. In 1933 he was replaced as head of the Russian Scientific Institute. In 1945, he moved to Britain.

Semyon Solomonovich Gershtein was a Soviet and Russian physicist. He was an academician of Russian Academy of Sciences since 2003. He was a USSR State Prize laureate.