Breadth of the Rami
Still another character that reflects the strength of the lower jaw is the breadth of the rami. The most practicable measurement of this is the breadth minimum at the constriction of the ascending branches. A great breadth of the rami is very striking, as is well known, in the Heidelberg jaw, and the Eskimo have long been known for a marked tendency in the same direction. The measurements of the lower jaws of the western Eskimo show as follows:
| Male | Female | Female versus male (M=100) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Right | Left | Right | Left | |||
| (243) | (240) | (237) | (228) | |||
| Western Eskimo | centimeters | 3.99 | 4.03 | 3.68 | 3.70 | 92 |
| (20) | (20) | (13) | (13) | |||
| Florida Indians | do | 3.82 | 3.85 | 3.39 | 3.34 | 87.7 |
| (21) | (19) | (19) | (16) | |||
| Louisiana Indians | do | 3.72 | 3.72 | 3.29 | 3.27 | 88.2 |
| (62) | (60) | (58) | (61) | |||
| Arkansas Indians | do | 3.47 | 3.47 | 3.24 | 3.23 | 93.2 |
| (42) | (40) | (30) | (29) | |||
| Kentucky Indians | do | 3.44 | 3.44 | 3.18 | 3.21 | 92.9 |
| (50) | (50) | (20) | (20) | |||
| United States whites (miscellaneous) | centimeters | 3.17 | 3.14 | 2.89 | 2.82 | 90.5 |
The Eskimo jaws, and particularly that of the female (relatively to other females), have the broadest rami. Otherwise the series range themselves in the same order as under the measurement of the stoutness of the body.