VOCABULARY.

=administrador=, manager (of a branch house, etc.) =arancel=, custom-house tariff =aviso=, advice, notice =confianza=, trust, confidence =constantemente=, constantly =conveniente=, convenient, suitable =correo=, post, post office =*dar aviso=, to inform, to give notice to leave =*dar aviso de despedida=, to give notice of dismissal =de moda=, fashionable =devolver=, to give or send back =efectuar=, to effect =favorable=, favourable =fijar=, to fix =holgazán, haragán=, lazy =honrar=, to honour =indicar=, to indicate, to point out =largo=, long =noticia, noticias=, news =*poner en condiciones=, to enable =por=, or =de, su cuenta=, on his account =el sobre=, the envelope =tomar nota=, to take note, to notice =venta=, sale

EXERCISE 1 (17).

Translate into English—

1. Me aprecia. Te necesita. Le manda. Lo cree. Nos halla. Os busca.

2. Son géneros de moda, los vende muy bien.

3. Son buenas plumas, las usamos constantemente.

4. Me escribe que te envía los sobres.

5. Le indica el medio más conveniente.

6. Nos honra con (with) su confianza.

7. Os fija sus límites.

8. Les da su cotización.

9. Creernos.

10. Mandarnos los presupuestos (estimates).

11. Venderles á crédito.

12. Dándonos sus instrucciones tan claras, nos pone en condiciones de servirle á toda su satisfacción (his entire satisfaction).

13. Dígannos Vs. (tell us) la verdad.

14. Él me lo escribió.

15. Nosotros te lo mandaremos.

16. Él nos lo explicó.

17. Yo os lo enviaré.

18. Se lo escribiremos á él.

19. Se lo explicaremos á ella.

20. Compraron los géneros y se los vendieron á ellos.

21. Vendieron las telas y se las mandaron á ellas.

22. ¿Me lo dice V. (do you say) á mí?

23. Sí, Señor, se lo digo á V. mismo (I say it to you yourself)

24. Yo mismo lo mandé.

25. V. mismo me lo ha escrito.

26. Nosotros mismos no podríamos (could not) hacerlo mejor.

27. Él me lo dió (gave) á mí, y yo se lo entregué á él.

28. Su socio es mejor que él, y él es mejor que ella.

EXERCISE 2 (18).

Translate into Spanish—

1. Did you see (vió V.) the new Custom House tariff?

2. Yes, I saw (ví) it.

3. It is more favourable to us than the old.

4. We sent it to the manager of our Liverpool branch (sucursal).

5. We sent it to him yesterday; he will return it to us after he has read it (después que lo haya leído).

6. Did you give (dió V.) it (m.) to me or to him?

7. I gave (dí) it to you, not to him.

8. Well (bien)! he says (dice) that he will not give it to me until you tell him to do so (hasta que V. se lo diga).

9. He took it with him, and we took it with us.

10. I shall take it (f.) with me.[81]

11. Take it with thee.[81]

12. It is a long letter, but it is necessary to write it to-day.

13. Writing it to-day you are in time (á tiempo) for the post.

14. Mr. So-and-So gave more money to you than to me.

15. We have taken notice of it.

16. Take due notice of the contents (del contenido) of the letter.

17. Give him notice (aviso) of the sales you effected on (por) his account.

18. There is nothing worthy of notice (no hay nada de particular) in our market to-day.

19. I gave him notice because he is very lazy.

20. This circumstance (circunstancia) must have escaped your notice (debe habérsele pasado por alto).

21. Do not take any notice of him (no le haga V. caso).

22. I gave notice to my landlord (propietario).

[Footnote 81: See next note.]

LESSON X.
(Lección décima.)

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS.

These pronouns are not, of course, used as subject of the verb. They are used as the object of the verb when this and the subject are the same.

They are the same as the other personal pronouns, as—

Conjunctive form. Disjunctive form.

myself me mí thyself te tí

EXCEPTION— 3rd person for both genders & numbers: se sí

EXAMPLES—

Él se ama: He loves himself.

Ella se atribuye la culpa: She attributes the fault to herself.

María habla siempre de sí[82]: Mary is always talking about herself.

Nosotros nos divertimos al mismo tiempo que hacemos negocios: We enjoy ourselves at the same time as we do business.

Ellos se respetan á sí y á otros también: They respect themselves and others too.

Mismo-a,-os,-as, may be added to the disjunctive form for emphasis, as—

María habla siempre de sí misma: Mary always speaks of herself.

Ella se atribuye la culpa: She attributes the fault to herself.

Ella se atribuye la culpa á sí: She attributes the fault to herself. (more emphatic).

Ella se atribuye la culpa á sí misma: She attributes the fault to herself (still more emphatic).

[Footnote 82: After con (with) si becomes Sigo; same change with mí and tí: conmigo, contigo, consigo, written in one word.]

The pronoun =Se= with any verb in the 3rd pers. sing. or plural may be used to form the passive voice, as—

Se ha cerrado el almacén: The warehouse has been closed.

Se han encaminado las reclamaciones á la Compañía de Seguros[83]:
The claims have been referred to the Insurance Company.

[ootnote 83: This form is preferable when the "doer" is not mentioned.]

=Se= followed by a verb in the 3rd pers. sing.[84] translates the English "one," "people," "they" (indefinite), as the French "on" and the German "man," as—-

Se dice que habrá un alza[85] en el mercado: They say, or it is said, that there will be a rise in the market.

Se cree que no habrá Reforma Arancelaria en Inglaterra: People think, or it is thought, that there will not be Tariff Reform in England.

En la vejez se goza el fruto de una juventud laboriosa: In old age one enjoys the fruits of active youth or The fruits of active youth are enjoyed in old age.

[Footnote 84: Or we can use the 3rd pers. plur. of the verb without the pronoun.]

[Footnote 85: Or "una alza" (both used).]

As will be seen, this is really a form of the passive voice rendered by "se," as "se goza" instead of "es gozado." But there are more typical examples, as—

Los géneros se han fabricado en Irlanda y se los ha (not han) plegado como lienzos irlandeses: The goods were made in Ireland and they folded them as Irish Linens.

A Conjunctive Reflexive Pronoun, whether direct or indirect object, always precedes any other conjunctive pronoun, as—-

Yo me lo reservo: I reserve it for myself.
Nosotros nos lo guardamos: We keep it for ourselves.
Se me dice: It is said to me (it says itself to me).
Se les venden las telas: The cloths are sold to them.
Nosotros nos le confiamos: We entrust ourselves to him.
Vosotros os les empeñasteis en £1,000: You pledged yourselves to them
for £1,000.

[Footnote 86: This tense is formed from the Past Def. by changing the termination ron of the 3rd pers. pl. into se, ses, se, semos, seis sen, in all the three conjugations.]