VOCABULARY.

=*atenerse á= to adhere to =*adherir á= to adhere to =ajustar=, to adjust =apresurarse á=, to hasten to. =asegurar=, to secure =avería=, average (damage by sea-water, etc.) =buque=, ship =buque de vapor=, steamer =buque de vela=, sailing vessel =cabida=, room, space =codiciar=, to covet =deber=, to owe, must =debido á=, owing to =dirección=, address =encaminar=, to forward =hierro=, iron =mensual=, monthly =mercado de granos=, grain market =muestra=, sample =petición=, request =pormenores, detalles=, particulars, details =por tanto=, =por eso=, therefore =proporcionado=, =adecuado=, adequate =puerto=, port =relación=, report =representante=, representative =resto, restante=, remainder =resultado=, result =riesgo=, risk (=á= or =por) saldo=, (in) settlement =satisfecho=, satisfied =siguiente=, following =someter=, to submit =(la) sucursal=, branch house =surtido=, assortment, selection =vigas=, beams

EXERCISE 1 (21).

Translate into English—

1. Su representante de V. me ha sometido sus (his) muestras y dentro de pocos días haré un surtido.

2. En seno (herewith) les enviamos nuestro precio corriente.

3. Sírvase V. consignar los géneros á la orden mía y no á la (orden) del Sr. Fulano, como lo hacía V. antes.

4. Su casa y la mía están ambas (both) interesadas en esta especulación.

5. Les embarcaremos sus vigas de hierro por el próximo vapor y las (vigas) de su sucursal de Rosario con el buque siguiente.

6. Nuestro buque de vela el "Nerón" saldrá (will leave) en breve (shortly).

7. Queremos lo nuestro pero no codiciamos lo ajeno.

8. Nuestro catálogo contiene todos los pormenores necesarios.

9. Debemos su nombre de V. al Sr. Fulano.

10. Nos tomamos la libertad de solicitar sus apreciables órdenes.

11. Á nuestro parecer (in our opinion) su clientela de V. es mejor que la suya de él.

EXERCISE 2 (22).

Translate into Spanish—

1. We beg (tenemos el gusto de) to inform you that your order has been placed at your prices owing to the fall experienced (que tuvimos) in our market.

2. In our monthly report, which we beg to enclose, we have stated (consignado) the present position of our grain market.

3. Please forward the enclosed letters to their address.

4. Our risk would be great and therefore we must adhere to our request of an adequate commission.

5. The average having been adjusted we now hasten to enclose our cheque for £59 16s. 9d. in settlement of your claim as per statement enclosed.

6. Trusting (en la confianza que) you will be satisfied with (con or de) this result, we are, yours faithfully (somos de Vs. attos. y S.S.Q.B.S.M.[92]).

7. We have secured room for the remainder of your machinery in the steamer leaving (que saldrá de) our port on the 10th prox.

[Footnote 92: Atentos y seguros servidores (que besan sus manos). The words in brackets are not used in South America and some Spanish firms also omit them. Instead of q.b.s.m., Spaniards have lately adopted: q.e.s.m. (que estrechan sus manos).]

LESSON XII.
(Lección décima segunda.)

DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS.

A demonstrative adjective accompanies a noun and a demonstrative pronoun stands for a noun.

The =Demonstrative Adjectives= are—

[Footnote 93: Sometimes "estotro," "estotra," "esotro," "esotra," but these and other forms are obsolete.]

The difference between Ese and Aquel is not strictly observed. However, in cases like "this box," "that table," "that cupboard yonder," use ese for the nearer of the two removed from the speaker: "Esta caja," "esa mesa," "aquel armario."

The =Demonstrative Pronouns= are the same as the above, with the addition of—

Neuter form Esto, eso, aquello[94] (this, that). This has no plural and is used—

1. In reference to a whole sentence, as—

El mercado del algodón está muy abatido; esto me desanima: The cotton market is very flat; this disconcerts me.

2. In reference to something pointed at, without referring to what the thing is,[95] as—

¿Qué es eso? What is that? (thing there, whatever it may be.)

Este, ese, aquel, etc., are accented when a stress is placed on them; Éste is also used for "the latter" and Aquél for "the former."[96]

Instead of ese, etc., aquel, etc., before que and de, the definite article is generally used, as—

El aumento de precio de hoy y el[97] que tuvimos ayer: The increase in price to-day and that we had yesterday.

La remesa anterior y la que haremos hoy: The previous shipment and that we are sending to-day.

El flete del aceite y el de los vinos: The freight on oil, and that on wine.

Mis documentos y los de mi jefe: My documents and those of my chief (employer).

Lo que (instead of "aquello que") escribo es la pura verdad: That which (what) I write is the honest truth.

[Footnote 94: "Eso" and "aquello" are used practically indiscriminately.]

[Footnote 95: French "ceci," "cela.">[

[Footnote 96: Esto es—namely, that is …]

[Footnote 97: It might appear to be an abbreviation of "aquel," but it is not] so.

A preposition may precede que, as—

¿Qué libro es ese? Es el en que escribimos ayer: What book is that? It is that in which we wrote yesterday.

¿Qué carta quiere V.? La á que me referí ayer: What letter do you want?
That to which I referred yesterday.

¿Qué plumas son estas? Son las con que yo escribía: What pens are these?
They are those with which I wrote.

Esta translates the commercial phrase, "our place," "our market."

Esa translates the commercial phrase, "your place," "your market."

As—

El mercado en esta está muy flojo: The market here is very slack.

Nos dicen los armadores que el cargamento llegará á esa el 15 del mes entrante: The shipowners inform us that the cargo will reach your town on the 15th prox.