VOCABULARY.

=abedul=, birch =abeto=, fir =adjunto=, herewith =agradable=, agreeable, pleasant =arpillera=, bagging =asegurar=, to insure =atribuir=, to attribute =el billar=, billiards =bola=, ball =calzado=, footwear =camas, armazones de cama=, bedsteads =carne seca=, jerked beef =chalecos=, vests =consignación=, consignment =correas=, belts, belting (machinery) =corresponsal=, correspondent =egoísta=, selfish =encaminar=, to forward =entrar en el dique=, to dock (ships) =fresno=, ash =garbanzos=, Spanish or chick peas =á grande velocidad=, by passenger train =guisantes=, green peas =habas=, broad beans =haya=, beech =hortalizas=, green vegetables =instruir=, to instruct =judías=, French beans =latón=, brass =la leche=, the milk =loza=, crockery =á pequeña velocidad=, by slow train =pino=, pine =plomo=, lead =porcelana=, china =productos químicos=, chemicals =roble, encina=, oak =rotura=, breakage =semestre=, half-year =suprimir=, to suppress, to leave out =tacos=, billiard-cues =el viaje=, the journey =zinc=, zinc

EXERCISE 1 (35).

Translate into English—

1. Estimamos en mucho á nuestros corresponsales y los servimos de la mejor manera posible.

2. Comunica el capitán del vapor "Ríos" que el jueves, al medio día, se hallaba á seiscientas millas de Veracruz, sin novedad (all well).

3. Hoy publica la Gaceta dos cuadros estadísticos (statistical tables) formados por la Dirección general (Board) del Instituto Geográfico y Estadístico, que expresan el movimiento de pasajeros por mar habido en nuestro puerto durante el semestre pasado, y por los cuales se viene en conocimiento (we can see) de la emigración é inmigración española.

4. Desde el día 1° de Enero próximo satisfará (will pay) el calzado extranjero 10% más de derecho de importación.

5. Una comisión de Agricultores de Valencia visitó ayer tarde (yesterday evening) al Presidente del Consejo (the Premier) para pedirle que se suprima el impuesto sobre el transporte de hortalizas que establece la nueva ley.

6. Tiñendo estas telas con anilina se aumenta el coste de seis céntimos por metro.

7. Bulleron[125] la leche y la esterilizaron.

8. Gocemos de las libertades á que tenemos derecho pero no abusemos de ellas.

9. Ellos creyeron lo que les dijimos (we said to them) y ya no nos atribuyen intenciones egoístas.

10. El Sr. Moreno sale para un viaje de negocios y visitará á Santo Domingo y la Habana.

11. He visto los Alpes y el Pirineo pero no el Himalaya.

12. He visitado á España.

[Footnote 125: "To boil" is generally hervir. Bullir is given as an example of the conjugation.]

EXERCISE 2 (36).

Translate into Spanish—

1. Kindly see Mr. Marino and inform him that we shall soon send him a consignment of timber, consisting of ash, beech, birch, fir, pine and oak.

2. We shall instruct our correspondent at Bilbao to forward to Vitoria the brass, lead, tin (estaño), and zinc he holds (tiene) at our disposal.

3. By the boat (steamer) leaving (que sale) this week, we shall ship to your consignment the bagging, belting, and bedsteads.

4. The "María" docked yesterday with a cargo of broad beans, French beans, green peas, and Spanish or chick peas.

5. She also brings a parcel of jerked beef and canned tongues (lenguas en latas).

6. I have a friend who is a dealer in billiard tables, balls and cues.

7. The candles and chemicals have been despatched last week.

8. We flatter ourselves that we shall shortly be able to write to each other pleasanter letters.

9. We have insured the china and crockery free of particular average (franco de), but we insured them against breakage at a (al) premium of 4%.

10. Herewith please find claim (reclamo) for loss through (por) damage in your last shipment of clocks and watches.

11. Please send by slow train the coats, vests, and trousers and, by passenger train, the remainder of the articles.

LESSON XIX.
(Lección décima nona.)

INTRANSITIVE VERBS.

Intransitive verbs express a state, as "to live," "to sleep," or an action that does not go beyond the doer, as "to go," "to walk."

The Spanish language abounds in Intransitive Pronominal verbs, i.e., verbs conjugated, same as the reflexive verbs, with a double pronoun =of the same person= all through, as—

=Quejarse= (to complain).

Pres. Indic., Yo me quejo, tú te quejas, él se queja, nosotros nos quejamos, vosotros os quejáis, ellos se quejan.

Fut. Indic., Yo me quejaré, tú te quejarás, él se quejará, etc.

These, of course, must not be confused with the Reflexive verbs. In the reflexive verb, we have an action that passes from the doer and falls on the doer itself, as—

Yo me amo: I love myself.

Whilst in a neuter pronominal the action =does not go beyond the doer=.

=Intransitive Pronominal Verbs= are of three kinds—

1. Those which are always pronominal, as—

[Footnote 126: Some of these verbs may be also Transitive verbs with a modified meaning, as: Alegrar (to gladden), Maravillar (to surprise), Proponer (to propose). Here the pronominal form marks the difference between Transitive and Intransitive.]

2. A few which, when used pronominally, have their meaning intensified or more or less modified, as—

3. Many which may be used pronominally or otherwise without any appreciable or definable modification of meaning, as—

Estar, estarse (to be)
Quedar, quedarse (to remain)
Casar (con), casarse (con), (to marry)
Pensar, pensarse (to think)
Yo pienso, or me pienso que sí (I think so)
Me escapó de la memoria or (it escaped my memory).
Se me escapó de la memoria (it escaped my memory).

In the case of this third kind, students should not indulge freely in the pronominal form, but should wait until they see it in the reading of good books, because, although the meaning is practically the same in all cases, still there are "finesses" of shade which practice alone can teach.

=Irregular Verbs=.

We shall give only those Primary Tenses which are irregular and the
Derivative Tenses when they are not formed regularly from the Primary
Tenses from which they are derived[127]—

[Footnote 127: For Primary and Derivative Tenses see Synopsis at the end.]

[Footnote 128: And its group; see Appendix VI.]