V. PRUINOSÆ.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.
Stamens 20. Anthers rose color. Leaves elliptic; fruit subglobose, green and pruinose when fully grown, becoming dark purple-red and very lustrous; anthers large, deep rose color.54. [C. pruinosa] (A, C). Leaves ovate, acute or acuminate; fruit short-oblong, dull russet-green; anthers small, light rose color.55. [C. georgiana] (C). Anthers white; leaves ovate, acute, cordate at base; fruit broader than high, scarlet, pruinose, becoming lustrous.56. [C. callicarpa] (A). Stamens 10; anthers dark rose color; leaves broad-ovate, acuminate; fruit subglobose, green more or less tinged with red, pruinose.57. [C. disjuncta] (A).
54. [Cratægus pruinosa] K. Koch.
Leaves elliptic, acute, broadly or acutely cuneate at the entire base, irregularly and often doubly serrate above with glandular straight or incurved teeth, and divided in 3 or 4 pairs of short acute or acuminate lateral lobes, when they unfold bright red and glabrous with the exception of a few short caducous hairs on the upper side of the base of the midrib, nearly fully grown when the flowers open from the middle to the end of May and then membranaceous and bluish green, and at maturity subcoriaceous, dark blue-green and often glaucous above, pale below, 1′—1½′ long, and ¾′—1′ wide, with a slender midrib, and 3 or 4 pairs of thin primary veins running to the point of the lobes; late in the autumn turning dull orange color; petioles slender, glandular, slightly winged at the apex, often bright red in early spring and in the autumn, 1′—1½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, often rounded at base, more coarsely serrate and more deeply lobed, frequently 2½′ long and wide, with stouter and more broadly winged petioles. Flowers ¾′—1′ in diameter, on long slender pedicels, in few-flowered glabrous corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, glabrous, the lobes gradually narrowed from a wide base, long-pointed, finely glandular-serrate below the middle; stamens 20; anthers large, deep rose color; styles 5, surrounded at base by a thick ring of hoary tomentum. Fruit on long thin light green ultimately bright red pedicels, in few-fruited drooping clusters, 5-angled, apple green and covered with a glaucous bloom until nearly fully ripe, at maturity late in October subglobose but rather broader than high, barely angled, ½′—⅝′ in diameter, dark purple-red, marked by many small dull dots, very lustrous; calyx prominent, with a long well-developed tube, and enlarged usually erect lobes often deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh thick, light yellow; nutlets 5, light-colored, acute at apex, narrowed and rounded at base, deeply grooved on the back, ¼′ long.
A tree, 15°—20° high, with a stem a few inches in diameter, spreading horizontal branches forming a broad open irregular head, and slender glabrous branchlets bright chestnut-brown during their first season, later becoming dark reddish brown, and armed with numerous stout straight light chestnut-brown spines 1′—1½′ long; often shrubby, with several intricately branched stems.
Distribution. Slopes of low hills often in limestone soil; southwestern Vermont, westward through New York to southern Ontario (neighborhood of Toronto), and through Ohio and Indiana to central and northern Illinois, and southward through eastern Pennsylvania to northern Delaware.
55. [Cratægus georgiana] Sarg.
Leaves ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded or broad-cuneate at base, finely and often doubly serrate with straight or incurved gland-tipped teeth, and divided into numerous short acute lateral lobes, glabrous with the exception of a few pale caducous hairs on the upper surface and bronze-yellow when they unfold, nearly half grown when the flowers open about the 20th of April and then thin, dark yellow-green above and pale below, and at maturity thin but firm in texture, dark blue-green on the upper surface, pale on the lower surface, 1½′—2′ long, and 1′—1¼′ wide, with a slender yellow midrib and 3 or 4 pairs of thin primary veins; petioles slender, often short-winged at the apex, usually about ¾′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often 3′ long and 2′ wide, sometimes deltoid and usually much more deeply lobed. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on slender pedicels, in usually 5—7-flowered compact glabrous corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, glabrous, the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base, acuminate, entire or obscurely and irregularly serrate, glabrous; stamens 20; anthers small; light rose color; styles 5; surrounded at the base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening and falling early in October, on slender pedicels, in drooping few-fruited clusters, short-oblong, full and rounded at the ends, often obscurely 5-angled, dull russet-green, ⅜′—½′ long; calyx-lobes only slightly enlarged, mostly deciduous before the fruit ripens, leaving a well-defined ring at the summit of the short calyx-tube; flesh thin, light green; nutlets 5, thin, rounded and irregularly grooved on the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, sometimes 25°—30° high, with a tall trunk 10′—12′ in diameter, stout wide-spreading branches forming a broad symmetrical round-topped head, and slender lustrous chestnut-brown branchlets armed with straight or slightly curved thin spines rarely more than 1½′ long.
Distribution. Low rich river-bottoms and meadows in the neighborhood of Rome, Floyd County, Georgia.
56. [Cratægus callicarpa] Sarg.
Leaves ovate, acute, cordate at base, coarsely often doubly serrate with long straight glandular teeth, and slightly divided into 3 or 4 pairs of short broad acuminate lateral lobes, not more than a quarter grown when the flowers open late in April and then very thin, yellow-green and slightly villose above and on the midrib below, and at maturity thin, glabrous, dark yellow-green and lustrous on the upper surface, pale yellow-green on the lower surface, 4′—4½′ long, and 2′—2½′ wide, with a stout midrib, and 3 or 4 pairs of prominent primary veins connected by conspicuous cross veinlets; petioles stout, slightly wing-margined at apex, sparingly glandular, 1′—1¼′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots thicker, with shorter glandular petioles rose-colored toward the base. Flowers 1′ in diameter, on short stout pedicels, in small compact 5—10-flowered corymbs, with lanceolate to linear-obovate glandular bracts and bractlets usually persistent until the flowers open; calyx-tube broadly obconic, glabrous, the lobes separated by wide sinuses, short, broad, acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate, slightly villose on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers white; styles 5, surrounded at base by a broad ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening early in October on short stout spreading pedicels in 2 or 3-fruited clusters, broader than high, distinctly 5-angled, rounded at the wide apex, truncate at base, with a deep depression at the insertion of the pedicel, scarlet, pruinose, becoming lustrous, marked by numerous large pale dots, ¾′—⅘′ broad, and about ¾′ high; calyx-lobes deciduous; flesh thin, light yellow slightly tinged with red, remaining on the ground through the winter without becoming soft; nutlets 5, thin, acute at apex, rounded at base, rounded and slightly grooved or ridged with a low grooved ridge on the back, ⅕′—¼′ long and wide.
A tree, 20°—25° high, with a tall stem 5′—6′ in diameter covered with dark scaly bark, and stout nearly straight branchlets dark orange-green when they first appear, becoming light chestnut-brown, lustrous and marked by small pale lenticels in their first season, and dull reddish brown the following year, and armed with stout straight or slightly curved purplish spines 1′—1½′ in length.
Distribution. Rich hillsides, near Shrewsbury, St. Louis County, Missouri.
57. [Cratægus disjuncta] Sarg.
Leaves broad-ovate, acuminate, full and rounded or concave cuneate at the entire base, sharply often doubly serrate above with straight or incurved glandular teeth, and slightly and irregularly divided above the middle into narrow acuminate spreading lobes, thin, glabrous, dark blue-green above, pale below, 2½′—3′ long, and 2¼′—2½′ wide, with a slender yellow midrib, and 4 or 5 pairs of thin primary veins extending obliquely to the point of the lobes; petioles slender, wing-margined at apex, glandular, 1′—1¼′ in length. Flowers opening the first of May, ⅔′ in diameter, on long stout pedicels, in glabrous compact 3—6 usually 5-flowered glabrous corymbs, with conspicuous glandular early deciduous bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes slender, acuminate, glabrous, entire or sparingly glandular-serrate; stamens 10; anthers large, dark rose color; styles 4 or 5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. Fruit on stout rigid pedicels, in drooping or spreading clusters, subglobose, usually rather broader than high, angled, green more or less tinged with red, pruinose, ½′—¾′ in diameter; calyx prominent, with a short tube and much enlarged spreading or erect lobes usually deciduous at midsummer; flesh thin, greenish yellow; nutlets usually 4, rounded at the ends, deeply grooved on the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, 15°—18° high, with a tall slender trunk, covered with dark slightly scaly bark, small erect and spreading branches forming an open irregular head, and stout slightly zigzag glabrous branchlets dark olive-green tinged with red when they first appear, dark dull reddish brown or purple and marked by small pale lenticels at the end of their first season, becoming light grayish brown in their second year, and armed with numerous stout nearly straight dark purple lustrous spines 2½′—3′ in length.
Distribution. Gravelly banks of small streams near Monteer, Shannon County, and at Carl Junction, Jasper County, Missouri.