INDEX

Animals in cult of the dead, [v, 105]; care of animals enjoined, [vi, 35] (and see [Food]); skin of, apotropaic use of, [xi, 58] ([v, 167]); souls of, [x, 45]; [xiii, 40].

Andronikos (Peripatetic), [512].

ἄνεμοι, [x, 45].

ἀνεμοκοῖται, [ix, 107].

Angekoks, of Greenland, [262]; [ix, 117].

Angels, [xiv, ii, 144].

Anthropogony (Orphic), [341] f., (Hesiodic) [67] f.

Anios, [iv, 102].

Anthesteria, [168]; [ix, 11].

[Anth]ologia Palatina, [xiv, ii, 122].

ἀνθρωποδαίμων, [ii, 43].

Antichrist, [xiv, ii, 113].

Antigone, [163]; [426]; [xii, 94].

Antilochos translated, [xiv, ii, 102] (p. 567).

Antinous translated, [xiv, ii, 114].

Antiochos of Kommagene, his tomb, [xiv, ii, 13] (p. 554).

Antiphon (of Rhamnous, the orator), [v, 176]; [588].

Antipodes, [xiv, ii, 101].

ἀωροθάνατοι, [594] (add Phryn. App. Soph. in Bekk. Anecd., 24, 22).

ἄωροι, [xiii, 36]; [533]; [553]; [594]; [604]; [xiv, ii, 154].

ἀωροβόρος Hekate, [ix, 92].

Apis, [ix, 68].

ἀποκατάστασις, [x, 47]; [519].

Apollo, [97] f.; [130]; [xii, 40]; god of expiation, [180] f.; as leader of the Souls, [xiv, ii, 146]; and Dionysos, [287] f.; supplants Gaia, [290]; Hyakinthos, [99] f.; Ἀτύμνιος, etc., [iv, 99].

Apolline mantiké, [289] f.

Apollonia in Chalkidike, [v, 92].

Apollonios of Tyana, [ii, 18]; [xiv, ii, 115].

ἀπομαγδαλίαι, [595].

ἀπομάττειν, [589], [590].

ἀπόνιμμα, [ix, 88].

ἀποπομπή (δαιμόνων), [v, 168].

ἀπόταφοι, [xiv, ii, 20].

ἀποτροπαῖοι (θεοί), [v, 168].

Apparitions of the departed, [xiv, ii, 154]; see [Ghosts].

ἄψυχα trial held over, [iv, 118].

ἀραῖος (νέκυς, δαίμων), [v, 148]; [xii, 107].

Aratos as Hero, [xiv, ii, 57] f.

[ἀρχηγοί], ἀρχηγέται, [iv, 51], [55]; [527].

Archelaos, the philosopher, [432]; [xii, 152].

Archemoros Vase, [v, 40].

Archilochos, [v, 173].

Archon Basileus at Athens, [178].

Areopagos, [162]; [v, 145]; [178].

Argeios and Herakles, [i, 35].

Argimpaioi, [x, 78].

Arginousai, battle of, [162].

Aristaios, [iii, 6].

Aristeas of Prokonnesos, [300], [596].

Aristogeiton and Harmodios in Hades, [237].

Aristogeiton, Speech against, [vii, 15].

Aristomenes as Hero, [528].

Aristophanes Frogs, [240].

Aristophon, comic poet, [601].

Aristotle, [383]; [xiv, 1]; [493] f. (An. 408b, 18; [xiv, 27]).

Aristoxenos, [xi, 47], [52]; [512].

Aristophanes of Byzantium, [583].

Arkesilaos, [xiv, 1].

Art of the Greeks, [157]; Cult of Souls as represented in, [v, 105]. [609]

Askesis (Asceticism), [vi, 35]; [302], [338]; Orphic, [343]; Thracian, [x, 78]; Pythagorean, [xi, 47]; Empedokles, [381]; practised in foreign mystery-religions, [546].

Asklepiades, doctor, [xi, 69].

Asklepios, [iii, 13]; chthonic, mantic, [100] f.; his death by lightning, [582]; Asklepiadai, [iv, 92] f.

Asphalt (bitumen), apotropaic virtue of, [v, 95].

ἀσφόδελος sacred to the χθόνιοι, [ix, 115].

[Associations]: burial, [xiv, ii, 4]; religious, [xiv, ii, 53].

Astakides, [xiv, ii, 105]; [582].

Astarte, [iii, 30].

Astrabakos, [137].

ἄταφοι, restless wandering of, [163]; [v, 147]; [595] ([i, 33]).

ἀτέλεστοι, uninitiated, lying in mud in the underworld, [vii, 15]; [586] f.

ἀθάνατος πηγή (in the underworld), [xiv, ii, 151].

Athenaeus (139 E), [iii, 48].

Athenaïs, [ix, 59].

Athene ἀποτροπαία, [v, 168].

Athenodoros, philosopher and Hero, [530].

Athens, [98]; A. and Eleusis, [219] f.

Atlantes, [x, 78].

Atomists, [385] f.; [506].

Atonement in Plato (Purgation), [xiii, 36].

Attis, [iii, 30]; [viii, 55]; [546].

Augustine, [xiv, ii, 87].

Augustus, ascent to Heaven, of, [xiv, ii, 107].

Aurelius, M. Antoninus, [xiv, 44], [63], [69]; [504].

Ausonius, [xiv, ii, 167].

Australian natives, religious dances of, [viii, 55]; [585].

Autolykos, [iv, 101]; [xiv, ii, 43].

Authority, later Antiquity's need of, [545].

Axiochos, the pseudo-Platonic dialogue, [vii, 15]; [xii, 120]; [602] f.

Avenging spirit, [v, 148], [176]; cf. [ἀλάστωρ].

Averting the eves from the sight of spirits, [ix, 104].

[Avoiding] the sight of spirits, [iv, 84]; [ix, 104].

Baal, ecstatic prophets of, [viii, 43].

Babo, [v, 19]; [591].

Babylonia, [i, 44].

Bacchanalia in Rome, [xiv, ii, 106]; [viii, 54].

Bakchiadai, [iv, 46], [47].

Βάκχος, [viii, 10], [35]; [335]; cf. [Dionysos].

Βάκχοι, [viii, 31] f.

Bakis, Bakides, [292]; [ix, 58], [63], [66]; [595].

Banishment, [163]; in expiation of murder, [175] f. ([v, 142] f.).

Banquet of the Pure (Orphic doctrine of), in the other world, [vii, 18]; [x, 70].

Barathron at Athens, [v, 32].

Barbarossa, legend of, [iii, 16].

Βασιλίδαι, [iv, 47].

Βασσαρεύς (Bassarides), [viii, 10] f.

Batloka, [viii, 30].

Baubo, [591] f.

Beans, see [Food], prohibition of.

Beer known to the Thracians, [viii, 38].

Bendis, Bendideia at Athens, [x, 4].

Berenike, translated, [xiv, ii, 107].

Bessoi in Thrace, [260]; [viii, 53]–4.

βιαιοθάνατοι (βιοθάνατοι, βίαιοι), [175] f.; [v, 148], [176]; [594] f.; [604].

Birds (incarnations of Heroes), [xiv, ii, 102].

Birth, pollution of, [295].

Birthday as day of remembrance of the dead, [v, 89]; [xiv, ii, 18], [45].

Biton and Kleobis, [xiv, ii, 148], [170].

Black objects (trees, fruit, etc.) sacred to χθόνιοι, and hence have kathartic properties, [v, 61]; [ix, 81]; cf. [ix, 26]; [590].

Blest, of the dead, [171]; [vii, 10]; [xiv, ii, 31]; [541] (cf. [μακαρίτης] and [Islands] of the Blest).

Blindness follows the sight of a deity, [xiv, ii, 41].

Bliss, life of, in Hades; see [Utopia].

Blood = thought, [380].

Boccaccio, [iv, 134].

Boëthos, [xiv, 34] (fin.), [57].

Bones of Heroes, cult paid to, [122].

Born, better not to be, [xii, 10].

Boukolion, [xiv, ii, 105].

Βουκόλοι, Dionysiac, [viii, 35].

Bouselidai, [v, 69], [129].

Brahminism, [302]; [x, 83].

Brasidas, as Hero, [iv, 20]; [128].

Breathing out the soul, [i, 25]; [30].

Bride, contests for the hand of a, [i, 19].

Bronze: see [Noise], etc.

Brotinos (Pythagorean), [x, 7]. [610]

Brutus, [515]; [xiv, ii, 88].

Buddhism, [viii, 60]; [x, 83]; [xi, 54], [96].

[Burial], [i, 34]; oldest customs of, [22] f.; coffinless, [v, 61], [62]; inhumation and burning in Attica, [v, 58]; within the house, at the hearth, [v, 66]; [xiv, ii, 9]; within the city, [v, 68]; [xiv, ii, 8].

Burial societies, [xiv, ii, 4].

Burning and inhumation, [19] f.; burning the possessions of the dead, [i, 30], [51]; burning the dead; see [Cremation].

Butios of Antilles, [262].

Cæsar, deification of, [xiv, ii, 111].

Calling home the Souls, [42].

Canosa, vase from, [vii, 27].

Cannibalism, [x, 54].

Caracalla as an avatar of Alexander, [xiv, ii, 112].

Cato of Utica, [xiv, 64].

Cave of Zeus in Crete, [96] f.

Cave-deities, [89] f.; [viii, 68].

Caves, sleep in, [ix, 116].

Catacombs, [xiv, ii, 144], [166], [174].

Celsus, [xiv, ii, 96].

Celts, [x, 81].

Cenotaph, [i, 88].

Ceremonial of funerals restricted, [165], [167]; [v, 135]; [540].

Cities, Founders of, [127] f.; cf. [ἀρχηγοί].

Chains attached to a sacred statue, [iv, 108].

χαῖρε on tombstones, [526] f.

Chalkis, criminal law of, [v, 145].

χάρισμα, [292].

[Charon], [237].

Χαρώνιον, [v, 23].

Charon's fare given to the dead, [18]; [162]; [vii, 9].

Children, importance of, [172]; [xii, 7].

China, ancestor-worship in, [v, 129].

χοαί, for the dead, [v, 106], [120].

Choes, [v, 95]; [ix, 11].

χρηστοί of the dead, [xiv, ii, 29] f. ([vii, 10]).

Christianity; ascetics and exorcists, [292], [xiv, ii, 171], [179]; use of word ἥρως, [xiv, ii, 82]; violation of graves by, [xiv, ii, 11]; Hell, [242]; future rewards and punishments, [xiv, ii, 96]; rebirth, [602]; Antichrist, [xiv, ii, 113].

Christi, Russian sect of, [viii, 57].

Chrysippos, [xiv, 40], [47], [60-1]; [xiv, ii, 87].

[Chthonic] deities, [158] f., [218] f.; [vi, 29]; groups of χθόνιοι, [v, 19]; invoked at marriage and birth, [171]; [ix, 91].

Chytroi, festival at Athens, [168]; [ix, 11].

Cicero, [vi, 22], [23]; [xiv, 54]; [519]; [xiv, ii, 71], [96].

Cliff of Leukas, [xiv, ii, 102].

Closing the eyes of the dead, [i, 25].

Coffin-burial, [v, 60].

Collegia funeraticia, [xiv, ii, 4].

Colonies, Greek, [27]; [156].

Comedy, Descents to Hades in, [240].

Conscience, [294], [384].

Consciousness division of, [595]; see [ἔκστασις].

Consolationes, [xiv, ii, 6], [100].

Corinth, criminal law of, [v, 145].

Cornutus, [504].

Corpes devoured by a daimon (Eurynomos), [vii, 25]; (Hekate), [ix, 92].

Cosmopolitanism, [v, 34]; [499] f.

Cosmos, [29].

Costume, see [Dress].

[Coulanges], Fustel de, [iv, 48]; [v, 131].

[Cremation], [8], [19] f., [28]; [i, 66]; [iv, 38]; [v, 33], [58]; and burial in later period,[ v, 58].

Crete, cult of Zeus in, [96] f.; [v, 167]; [ix, 113]–14 (mantic and kathartic reputation).

Creuzer, [223].

Crossways, [216]; [ix, 88].

Crowning the dead body with garlands, [v, 40].

Crowns (of flowers) for the dead, [v, 40].

Crumbs, etc., left on the ground for the Souls, [v, 114].

Cult-societies, [221].

Cure of diseases by prophets, [294] f.

[Curses] against tomb-violators, [526] f.

Curse-tablets; see [Defixiones].

Cycle, Epic, [34], [64] f., [75], [90].

Cyclic poetry, editing of, [x, 17].

Cynics, [v, 34]; [499].

Cypress at funerals, [v, 39].

Daeira, Daira, Δαειρίτης at Eleusis, [vi, 8].

daemonium meridianum, [ix, 96]; [592].

Daimones, deities of second rank, [i, 56]; distinct from Heroes, [iv, 23]; [xii, 121]; in Hesiod, [70] f.; Empedokles, [381]; Stoics, [500]. [611]

δαίμων, personal, of individual men, [xiv, 44]; (= πότμος), [xii, 26]; [xiv, 44]; ἀγαθὸς δ., [v, 133]; cf. [xiv, 44]; δαίμων θνητός (ἀνθρωποδαίμων, νεκυδαίμων), [ii, 43].

δαίμονες ἀποτρόπαιοι, [v, 168]; ἀραῖοι, [v, 148]; μειλίχιοι, [v, 168]; πλάνητες, [592]; προστρόπαιοι, [v, 148], [176]; = Angel, [xiv, ii, 144]; δαιμόνων μήτηρ, [591].

Daites, Trojan Hero, [iv, 3].

Damon, [ix, 19].

Danaides, [242]; [587].

Dances, religious, [257]; [viii, 55]; [ix, 19].

Dance, circular, in cult of Dionysos, [viii, 15].

Dante, [33], [242].

Danube, mouths of, [xiv, ii, 102].

Daphne, [100].

δάφνη, [v, 38], [95]; [ix, 46]; [xi, 85].

Daphnis, [xiv, ii, 105].

Days, unlucky, [v, 158].

Dea Syria, [viii, 55].

Dead, offerings to, [18] f.; [165] f.; [v, 105]; dirge for the, [18], [164]; Banquet of, [168]; sacrifices to (Patroklos), [12] f.; in Mycenean graves, [22] f.; in Od. λ, [36] f.; elsewhere, [116], [164], [167] f.; Oracles of the, [24]; [i, 73]; Judges of the (Aesch. and Plato), [238] f.; (Pindar), [xii, 34] f.; (Aesch.), [xii, 77]; (later), [541]; classes of the, [xii, 62]; [xiv, ii, 127]; imagined as skeletons, [xiv, 11], [92]; exorcism, [conjuration] of, see [Souls] and [Ghosts].

Death, [3]; superior to life, [229], [542]; causing pollution, [295]; of gods, [iii, 30]; Black Death, [284].

[Defixiones], [ix, 92], [107]; [534], [594], [603] f.

Deification of Rulers, [537] f. (cf. [530] f.).

Delos, purification of, [ix, 119].

[Delphi]c Oracle, regulates expiatory rites, [v, 167]; [180] f.; authority of, in the cult of Heroes, [128] f.; gives support to the cult of Souls, [174]; to the Eleusinian worship, [vi, 5]; to the worship of Dionysos in Attica, [vi, 9]; sources of oracular inspiration, [289] f.; importance of D. in religious life of Greece, [157]; grave of Python at D., [97]; Delphic funeral ordinance, [v, 45].

Delphinion at Athens, [v, 172].

Demeter (and Kore), [160] f.; [v, 168]; [218] f.

Demetrios Poliorketes as Hero, [xiv, ii, 69].

Demetrios, Cynic, [xiv, 64].

Demigods (ἡμίθεοι), [iv, 23].

δῆμοι called after γένη in Attica, etc., [iv, 52].

Demokritos, [xi, 35]; [385] f.; [xii, 150]; [xiii, 27]; περὶ τῶν ἐν ᾅδου, [xi, 103] (fragg. moral.).

Demonassa, [vi, 35].

Demonology, [534].

Demophoön, [i, 41].

De mortuis nil nisi bene, [v, 81]; [170].

Dervishes, [viii, 15], [43]; [262], [266].

Devil’s Bride, [ii, 7].

Devil’s Mother, [591].

Dexikreon, [ix, 111].

Dexion the Hero (Sophokles), [iv, 71].

Diagoras of Melos, [240]; [xii, 65].

Diana = Empousa, [592]; in the Middle Ages, [ix, 101].

Diasia at Athens. [v, 168].

Dies nefasti, [v, 158].

Dikaiarchos, [xi, 52]; [512]; [599].

Dikte, Mt. in Crete, [96].

Diochaites, Pythagorean, [xi, 30].

Diogenes, of Apollonia, [432], [436].

Diogenes, Cynic, [vi, 27]; [239].

Diogenes Laertius (viii, 31), [xi, 50].

Diomedes, [67]; on the μακάρων νῆσος, [xiv, ii, 99].

[Dionysos], the Thracian, [256] f.; Greek god, [282] f.; Greek (not Thracian) name, [ix, 1]; Orphic, [335] f.; [340] f.

Διόνυσος μαινόμενος, [viii, 4]; Lord of Souls, [168], [271]; [ix, 11]; at Delphi, [97], [287]; Oracle of Dionysos, [260], [290]; as Bull, [viii, 19], [33], [35]; [x, 35]; as βουκόλος, [viii, 35]; at Eleusis, [vi, 9]; Epiphanies of, [258], [279], [285]; Worship of, in Rome, [viii, 54]; [xiv, ii, 106].

Dioscuri, ἑτερήμεροι, [xi, 51]; translated, [xiv, ii, 109].

Dipylon, cemetery at Athens, [v, 58].

Dipylon vases, [165].

Dirge, [164].

Discovery, geographical, [xiv, ii, 101].

Disease, origin of, in daimonic influence, [294] f.; [ix, 81]–2.

Division of consciousness, [595] f.

[Dodona], [iii, 14]; [ix, 42]. [612]

Dogs sacrificed to Hekate, [298], [589]–90; Hekate appears as a dog, [ix, 99]; [595]; on grave reliefs, [v, 105].

Dorians in the Peloponnese, [27].

Drakon, [115], [176].

Drama, [285], [421]; in cult, [222], [258]; mystic drama at Eleusis, [227].

Dreams, visions of the dead in, [7] (proving survival); [xiv, ii, 154]; [i, 55]; see [Incubation] and [Prophecy].

[Dress] in Dionysiac worship, [257].

Drimakos (Hero), [530].

Driving out the souls, [v, 99], [100].

Druids, [x, 81].

Drusilla (ascent to heaven), [xiv, ii, 107].

Dryopes, [v, 18].

Δύαλος, [viii, 10].

Duty, as conceived by the Stoics, [498] f.

Earth = Hell, [xi, 75].

Earth-deities; see [Chthonic].

Earth, Oracle of, at Delphi, [97], [160]; [ix, 46].

Echetlos (Hero), [136].

Echidna, [v, 23].

Eckhart, [xiii, 75].

ἐγχυτρίστριαι, [v, 77].

Eggs, kathartic use of, [x, 55]; [590].

Egypt, [i, 5], [39]; [242]; [335]; [x, 8], [45]; [346]; [xiv, ii, 109], [152]–3, [144].

ἐκφορά of the dead body, [v, 46], [50], [60].

[ἔκστασις] (ἐνθουσισμός, κατοχή), [30], [255]; [viii, 24]; [258] f.; [284] f.; [293]; [300] f.; [384]; [471]; [547]; [595] f.

Eleatics, [371] f.

Elements, the four, [xi, 28]; [379].

Eleusinian Mysteries, [218] f.; secrecy at, [222]; promises made by, [223]; modern interpretations of, [223] f.; symbolism at, [226]; later mention and end of (fourth century), [542]; [xiv, ii, 172]; “Lesser Mysteries” at Athens, [220]; and Morality, [228].

Eleusis, [v, 19], [21].

Elijah, [ii, 18]; [xiv, ii, 109].

ἐλλέβορος kathartic effects of, [ix, 26], [75].

Elpenor, [17]; [i, 29], [33]; [19]; [20]; [36].

Elysium, [55] f., [59] f., [75] f.; [xiv, ii, 99]; [541].

Embalming in Egypt, [i, 39]; in Sparta, [iv, 46].

Empedokles, [378] f.; [x, 72]; [xi, 28], [34], [42], [50], [56] f.; [xii, 41]; [xiii, 40], [68]; [xiv, ii, 107]; [597].

Empedotimos, [ix, 111]–12; [xii, 44]; [xiv, 53].

Empousa, [vii, 25]; [591].

ἐναγίζειν, [iv, 15], [86].

ἔνατα, an offering to the dead, [v, 82]–3.

Enemies of the gods in Hades, [238], [241].

ἐνιαύσια for the dead, [v, 81], [90], [92].

ἔνθεος (ἐνθουσιασμός): see [ἔκστασις].

ἐνθύμιον, [216].

Enlightenment in Greece, [79], [115], [292].

ἐνναετηρίς in expiation of murder, [xi, 78]; [xii, 34], [40]; [180].

Enoch, [ii, 18]; [xiv, ii, 109].

Eoiai, Hesiodic, [593].

ἐπαγωγή (δαιμόνων), [ix, 106]–7.

Ephialtes (daimon), [ix, 102]; [xiv, ii, 86]; [592].

Ephyrai in Thesprotia, [v, 23].

Epicharmos, [vi, 5]; [436] f.; [xii, 151]; [xiv, 53].

Epidauros, [iii, 13], [54].

Epidemics, religious, [284].

Epigenes, [597].

Epikteta, Testament of, [v, 126]; [xiv, ii, 18], [71].

Epiktetos, [504]; [xiv, 3], [41], [44].

Epicurus, doctrine of the soul, [504] f.; foundation for the cult of his soul, [v, 126], [137].

Epigrammata Graeca, ed. Kaibel, [xiv, ii, 119] f. (No. 594: 141).

Epilepsy (see [mental] diseases), [viii, 39].

Epimachos, [v, 19].

Epimenides, [301]; [iii, 24]; [v, 57]; [596]; Theogony of, [ix, 123].

ἐπιφάνεια of Dionysos, [258]; [viii, 68]; [285].

ἐπιπομπαί (δαιμόνων), [v, 168]; [ix, 107].

Epitaphs, [539] f. (see [Anth]. Pal.).

ἐπῳδαί, [ix, 81]–2, [107].

Erechtheus (Erichthonios), [98]; [581].

Erinyes, [ii, 6]; [v, 5], [97], [121]; [178] f.; [vii, 6]; [xii, 75]; [592].

ἐρινύειν, [ix, 58].

Eros, [v, 112].

ἐσχάρα, [i, 53].

Eskimo, manner of burial, [v, 67].

Essenes, [x, 78]; [xiv, ii, 117].

Esthonian cult of the dead, [v, 99].

ἔται, [v, 141].

Eteoboutadai, [iv, 52].

εὐαγής, [xii, 58].

Εὐάγγελος Hero, [xiv, ii, 63], [144].

Euadne, [582].

Εὐάπαν, [ix, 102] [613]

Eubouleus (Euboulos), god of the underworld, [v, 7], [19]; [220]; [xiv, ii, 145].

Eudemos, Ethics of, [512].

Euhemeros, [iii, 28].

Eukleides (Socratic), [xiv, 44].

Euklos, [ix, 58].

Eumolpos, Eumolpidai, [vi, 6], [16]; [x, 70].

Eunostos (Hero), [134].

Euodos (Hero), [529].

Eupatridai in Athens, [iv, 47]; [v, 139]; [602] f.

Euphemistic names for χθόνιοι, [v, 5].

Euphorbos, [599].

Euripides, [432] f.; Alcestis, [xii, 121]; Bacchae, [286]; Hecuba, [viii, 70]; orthodoxy of, [xii, 135].

Eurynomos, Hades-daimon, [vii, 25].

Eurypontidai, [iv, 53].

Eurysthenidai, [iv, 53].

εὐσεβῶν χῶρος, [vii, 15]; [xiv, ii, 133].

Euthykles, [iv, 117].

Euthymos, [135]; [581].

Evil, speaking, of the dead forbidden, [v, 115].

Evil, nature of, [470] (Plato); [498]; [xiv, 40], [60].

Exegetai, their advice sought in questions relating to the cult of Souls, [v, 139], [174].

Exorcism, [604].

Expiation, gods of, [v, 168]; sacrifices of, made to χθόνιοι, [v, 167]; after murder, [180] f.

Eyes of the dead, closing of, [i, 25].

Fainting (λιποψυχία), [i, 9].

Fame, all that is left to the dead, [43]; [xii, 13], [20], [25]; [xiv, ii, 169].

[Family] graves in the country, [v, 69], [70]; [525] f.

[Fate] and guilt, [423] f., [426] f.

Fear of the dead, [16], [163], [169]; of death, dispelled by Epicurus, [506]; breaks out at the end of the classical period, [545] ([xiv, ii, 170]).

Feet of the corpse pointing towards the door, [i, 26].

Fetishism in Greece, [iv, 118].

Figs, kathartic uses of, [590].

Fire, kathartic uses of, [i, 41]; [ix, 127].

Fish: see [Food], prohibition of.

Flaminius as Hero, [531].

Folk-poetry, [25]; belief about the souls, [524]; legends about the “translated”, [xiv, ii, 105].

Folk tales (Greek), [iv, 115]; [xiv, ii, 151].

Food, Prohibition of certain foods (attributed to Eleusis), [vi, 35]; among the Orphics, [x, 54]–5; Thracian, [x, 78]; by Pythagoras, [xi, 42], [47]; Empedokles, [xi, 76], [85].

Fountains in Hades, [xii, 62]; [xiv, ii, 151]; of Immortality, [xiv, ii, 151].

Fravashi (Persian), [i, 5].

Frederick, legend of the return of the Emperor, [93]; [xiv, ii, 112].

Freewill: see [Will].

Friendship in the doctrine of the Epicureans, [506].

Funeral rites, in Homer, [17] f.; in later times, [162] f., [524] f.; of princes, [i, 17]; of kings in Sparta, Corinth, Crete, [iv, 46]; at public expense, [xiv, ii, 5]; refusal of, [v, 32]–3.

Funeral feast in Homer, [18]; later (περίδειπνον), [167]; games, in Homer, [15]; for Heroes, [116] f.; procession, [v, 60].

Furious Host, [ii, 7]; [298]; [xiii, 5]; ([593]).

Fustel de Coulanges; see [Coulanges].

Gabriel, the Archangel, [iv, 134].

Gaia, [160], [168]; [v, 121]; at Delphi, [290].

Gambreion, mourning period of, [v, 86].

Games, [15], [116] f.; [iv, 22]; originally funeral ceremonies, [116] f.

Ganymedes, [58].

Garganus, mountain in Italy, [iv, 92], [96].

Garlands for the dead, [v, 40].

Gauls, [x, 81].

Gello, [592].

γενέθλιος δαίμων, [xii, 26].

Γενέσια, private and public, [v, 15]; [167].

Genesis, [ii, 18].

Genetyllis, [ix, 91].

γένη, [124].

Genius, [i, 5]; [v, 132]; [xiv, 44].

γεννήτης τῶν θεῶν, [603].

German tribes, [i, 34]; [22].

Getai, [263].

[Ghosts], [9]; [21]; [29]; [134]; [v, 99], [104], [114]; [534]; [xiv, ii, 154]; [566]; [590] f.

Γίγων, [viii, 10].

Glaukos, [xiv, ii, 151].

Gnostics, [xiv, ii, 179]. [614]

Gods, in Homer, [25] f.; Olympians and others,[i, 56]; idea of divinity, [xiv, ii, 107]; Gods not immortal, [384]; asleep or dead, [iii, 30]; buried, [96] f.; birthdays of, [v, 89]; in human shape, [iv, 134]; visiting men, [ii, 38]; compared with men, [253] f., [414]; periodically appearing, [viii, 28]; of expiation, [v, 168]; amours of, [iv, 134]; conductors into the lower world, [xiv, ii, 144] f.; unknown, [iv, 62]; statues of, [136]; see [Chthonic].

Goethe, [xiii, 64].

Golden Age, [67] f.; [ii, 49]; [vii, 18].

γονεῖς, [iv, 49]; [v, 146].

Gorgias, pupil of Empedokles, [378].

Γοργύρα, Γοργώ, [vii, 25]; [591].

Grace of the gods (salvation), [342].

Grave and Hades confused, [xiv, ii, 92].

Graves: see [Burial], [Family-graves], and [Rock-graves]; of Gods, [96]; of Asklepios, [101]; Erechtheus, [98]; Hyakinthos, [99]; Kekrops, [iii, 41]; Plouton, [iii, 34]; Python, [97]; Zeus, [96]; of Heroes, [121]; cult of, [123], [166] f.; silence at, [v, 110]; curses attached to, [xiv, ii, 13].

Grave-monuments, [i, 28]; [v, 69] f.

Grave-robbers, [526].

Gregory the Great, [xiv, ii, 87].

Grief, display of, disturbing to the dead, [v, 49].

Guardian spirit of individuals, [xiv, 44].

Guilt: see [Sin] and [Fate].

[Hades], [26], [35] f., [159], [223], [236] f.; [xii, 4], [62]; [500], [535] f., [540] f.; Picture of, painted by Polygnotos, [241] f.; on vases from Southern Italy, [vii, 27]; cult of, [159]; mother of, [591]; entrances to (Ploutonia), [v, 23]; Ferryman of, [vii, 9]; [Descents] to, [32] f.; [i, 62], [65]; [iii, 8]; [236] f.; [240] f.; (Epic), [vii, 2]–4; (Theseus and Peirithoos), [vii, 3]; (Herakles), [591]; (in comedy), [240] f.; (vases), [vii, 27]; (Orphic), [x, 60]; (Pythag.), [600] f.; rivers of, [35], [237]; [vii, 21]; Judges in, [247].

Hail: see [Weather-magicians].

αἱμακουρία, [iv, 13].

Hair, offering of, [i, 14].

Hallucinations, [259]; [262].

Haloa, [222]; [vi, 35].

Hamilcar, translation of, [xiv, ii, 109].

Haokah dance of the Dakota, [viii, 55].

Harmodios, translation of, [xiv, ii, 99]; and Aristogeiton in the other world, [vii, 5].

Harmonia and Kadmos, [xiv, ii, 99].

ἁρμονία (of the soul), [xi, 52].

Harpocration on Ἄβαρις, [ix, 108].

Harpies, [56]; [v, 124]; [593].

Hashish, [259].

Hasisatra, [ii, 18]; [xiv, ii, 109].

Hearth, earliest place of burial, [v, 66].

Heaven (the sky), as dwelling place of the Blest, [xii, 44], [62]; [xiv, ii, 134]; ascent to, of Roman Emperors, [xiv, ii, 107]; of Apollonios of Tyana, [xiv, ii, 115].

Hedonism, [492] ([xiv, 3]).

Hegesias, [xiv, 3].

Heirs, their duties to the dead, [v, 129].

Hekabe, [ix, 99].

[Hekate], [v, 5], [88], [168]; [297] f., [590] f.; (H. Hek., p. 289 Ab.), [594]; Hosts of [593] f.; Banquet of, [v, 97]; [216]; [ix, 88], [103].

Ἑκατικὰ φάσματα, [590] f.

Hektor, as Hero, [iv, 35]; [xiv, ii, 41] (still worshipped with sacrifice in the middle of the fourth century in the Troad: Julian, Ep. 78, p. 603–4 H.).

Helen, legend of her εἴδωλον, [i, 79]; translated, [ii, 21]; [xiv, ii, 99], [102]; given heroic honours, [137].

Helios in Hades, [xii, 38].

Hell, punishment in, [40] f.; [238] f., [242], [344], [415], [536]; creatures of, [25], [590] f. (see [Kerberos]).

Hemithea, [iv, 103].

ἡμίθεος, [iv, 23].

Hephaistion, [xiv, ii, 70].

Herakles in the Odyssean Nekyia, [39]; his descent to Hades, [v, 25]; [vii, 4]; [591]; H. and Argeios, [i, 35]; H. and Eurystheus (Omphale), [xii, 40]; as Hero-God, [132]; translated, [581]; [xiv, ii, 103].

Herakleides Ponticus, [ix, 58], [60] (Sibyls), [108] (Abaris), [111], [96]; [xii, 44] (Empedotimos); [xi, 61] (Empedokles); [xiv, i, 53] (souls in the air); [599] f. (Pythagoras).

Herakleitos, [367] f.; [xi, 5], etc., [101]; [xii, 137], [150]; [464]; [xiv, 32]; [499]; [504]; [597].

Hermes, conductor of souls, [9], [168]; [xiv, ii, 145]. [615]

Hermione, cult of χθόνιοι there, [iii, 34]; [v, 18], [26].

Hermippos, [600].

Hermotimos, [300] f.

Hero of Alexandria, [xii, 150].

Herodes Atticus, [xiv, ii, 71], [131].

Herodikos, of Perinthos, [vii, 3]; [x, 7].

Heroes, [74], [97] f., [115] f.; [iii, 46]; [254]; [416]; [xii, 121]; help in war, [136] f.; graves of, [121]; [v, 68]; games for, [116] f.; bones of, transferred and worshipped, [iv, 35]–6; [529]; as Birds, [xiv, ii, 102]; relation with θεοί and δαίμονες, [iv, 25]; become gods, [132]; Homeric “Heroes”, [iv, 26]; in Hesiod, [74] f., [118]; nocturnal sacrifice to, [iv, 9]; what falls to the ground sacred to, [v, 114]; in Pindar, [414] f.; legends of, [134] f.; later, [527] f.

ἥρως = a dead person, [v, 110], [134]; [531]; (Christian), [xiv, ii, 82]; applied to the living, [530] f.; [xiv, ii, 68]; nameless or adjectival Heroes, [126] f., [529]; [xiv, ii, 61]–2; ἡ. ἰατρός [iv, 94]–5; [xiv, ii, 45]; ἡ. συγγενείας, [v, 132].

Heroized Kings and Lawgivers, [128]; Kings of Sparta, Corinth, and Crete, [iv, 46]; Warriors of the Persian Wars, [528]; prominent men of later times, [530]; Heroizing easier in Boeotia, [v, 134]; in Thessaly, [xii, 121]; [532]; becomes common, [531] f.; substitution of descendants for original Hero, [xiv, ii, 65].

Hero-Physicians (Oracular), [133]; [xiv, ii, 45].

ἥρωες δυσόργητοι, [v, 119].

ἡρῷα at the doors, [iv, 105], [136]; [v, 68].

Ἡρωϊκός of Philostratos, [xiv, ii, 41].

ἡρωῒς, ἡρωϊκά, [ix, 11]; [xiv, ii, 50]; Birthday festivals of H., [v, 89].

ἡρωϊσταί, [xiv, ii, 53].

Herodotos, [115]; [xii, 8].

Herophile of Erythrai, [ix, 60].

Hesiod, The Five Ages, [67] f.; Op. et D. (124), [ii, 34]; (141), [ii, 41]; Theog. (411), [ix, 95a].

Hesychos, [vii, 6].

Hierapolis, its πλουτώνιον, [v, 23].

ἱεροθέσιον, [xiv, ii, 13] (p. 554).

Hierophant at Eleusis, εὐνουχισμένος, [vi, 12].

ἱλασμός, [v, 167].

Hippokrates, cult of, [v, 89]; [xiv, ii, 45].

Hippolytos, [iv, 38].

Hippon of Samos, [432].

Hippotes, [xii, 40].

Herdsman (shepherd), type of God, [xi, 36]; (see divine apparitions), [xiv, ii, 41].

Homer, [25] f., [157].

[Homicide], state trials of, [176] f.; held over inanimate objects (in Athens), [iv, 118].

Horace (Odes, iv, 2, 21), [xii, 45].

Honey-cakes offered to the underworld, [i, 13]; [v, 98]; [vii, 6].

ὥρια, ὡραῖα offered to the dead, [v, 128].

Horse in the cult of the dead, [v, 105].

[Host], Furious, [ii, 7]; [298]; [xiii, 5]; ([593]).

House, earliest place of burial, [v, 66].

House-spirit, [v, 132].

Human sacrifice, [ix, 87]; in the cult of Dionysos, [285]; offered by Epimenides, [ix, 121]; in the cult of Heroes, [xiv, ii, 49]; replaced by animal sacrifice or ποινή, [v, 144]; [179]–80.

Humanity: see [Mankind].

Hunt: see [Host].

Hyades, [iii, 45].

Ὑακίνθια, [99] f.

Hyakinthides, [iii, 45].

Hyakinthos, [99] f.

Hydromantia, [589].

Hydrophoria at Athens, [v, 98].

Hylas, [xiv, ii, 105].

Hylozoism, [365], [385], [432].

ὑποφόνια, [v, 154].

Iamblichos, Vit. Pythag., [viii, 77].

Iakchos, [220] f.

Ianthe, [iii, 3].

Iaso, [iii, 56].

Iatromantic, [133].

Iatros, Hero, [iv, 94]–5; [xiv, ii, 45].

Iceland, [i, 43].

Idaian cave in Crete, [96]; [161].

Images, cult of, [136].

Immortal = godlike (becoming god), in Homer, [57]; = being a god, [253] f.

Immortality, Belief in, connected with Dionysiac religion, [263] f.; among Orphics, [343] f.; in Philosophy, [365] f.; [463] f.; [496]; [xiv, 60]; in Popular Religion, [538] f.; [542]; [546]; doubts of, [xiv, ii, 157]. [616]

Imprecations: see [Curses].

Incas, [i, 30].

Incense in temples, [viii, 39]; [ix, 19].

[Incubation], [iii, 8]; [92]; [ix, 46]; Heroic oracles of, [133].

Indians, Burial customs, [10], [21]–2; cult of the dead, [i, 75]; [v, 84]–6, [90], [105], [123]; Yama in Hades, [vii, 6]; religious anæsthesia, [viii, 26]; Yogis, [viii, 43]; kartharsis, [ix, 78]; Ascetics, [343]; [x, 78]; philosophy ([Jainism]), [xi, 16]; (South American) mutilation of corpses, [i, 34]; (North American) cult of souls, [v, 136].

Individualism, [117]; [388] f.; [499] f.; [545].

Inheritance, laws of, [v, 146].

[Ino] Leukothea, [58]; [iv, 104].

Insanity: see [Madness] and [Mental].

Inscriptions (I.G. (xiv) Sic. et It. 641), [xii, 49] f.; (IG. M. Aeg. i, 142), [xiv, ii, 146]; (Ath. Mitt.), [xiv, ii, 164], [168].

[Insensibility to pain], etc., in visionary states, [viii, 43].

Inspiration, prophecy of, [92] f.; (in Thrace), [260]; (in Greece), [289] f.

Intoxication, religious use of, [viii, 39].

Invisibility (in Homer), [56].

Iolaia in Thebes, [iv, 21].

Ionia, [27] f.

Iphigeneia, [64], [66]; [xiv, ii, 99], [102].

Iphis, [iii, 3].

[Iron] keeps away daimones and the dead, [i, 72].

Isaeus, [v, 129].

Ischys, [iii, 56].

[Isis], mysteries of, [xiv, ii, 174].

[Islands] of the Blest (Hesiod). [68] f.; (Pindar), [415] f.; translation of Heroes to, [xiv, ii, 99]; dwelling-place of all the pious, [xiv, ii, 100], [130] f.; discovered by sailors, [xiv, ii, 101]; identified with Leuke, [xiv, ii, 99], [102].

Isodaites, [271].

Isokrates, [vi, 22]; [ii, 43].

Isthmian Games, [iv, 22].

Isyllos, [iv, 2].

Ixion, [vii, 11].

Jainism (see [Indian]), [xi, 16].

Japan, cult of dead in, [v, 99].

Jaws of the dead, binding up the, [xiv, ii, 2].

Jewish forgery of a Pindaric poem, [xii, 45].

Jews, influenced by Greeks, [xiv, ii, 14].

Jews influence Greeks, [xiv, ii, 144].

Judaeo-Hellenistic doctrine of the soul, [xiv, ii, 117].

Judgment in Hades, [238] f., [535] f., [541]; Orphic, [344]; Pindar, [415]; Plato, [xiii, 36].

Julian the Apostate, [xiv, ii, 107], [144], [171].

Julius Kanus, [xiv, 64].

jus talionis, [x, 71].

Justin, πρὸς Ἕλλ., 3, [xiv, ii, 151]. (The emendation πιδύσας is already mentioned, as I see too late, in the Mauriner edition of Justin Martyr. The apparently traditional ὅρη πηδήσας is indeed possible on grammatical grounds [analogous constructions, otherwise peculiar to poetry, are not unknown in prose: see Lobeck ad Aiac.³, p. 69–70], but provides no satisfactory sense.)

Ka of Egyptians, [i, 5].

Kadmos translated to Islands of the Blest, [xiv, ii, 99].

Kaiadas at Sparta, [v, 32].

Kaineus, [iii, 3].

Kalchas, [iv, 96].

Kalypso, [xiv, ii, 105].

Kanobos, [iii, 43].

Kanus Julius, [xiv, 64].

Kapaneus, [581] f.

Καρκώ, [592].

Karmanor, [ix, 113].

Karneades, [xiv, 59], [61], [83].

καρποῦν, [v, 126].

Kassandra, [viii, 52]; [ix, 65].

καταδεῖν, κατάδεσμος, κατάδεσις in magic, [ix, 107]; [604].

καθάρματα given up to the spirits, [ix, 88] (cf. [81]).

Kathartic practices, etc., [v, 36]; [180]; [vi, 18]; [vii, 15]; [294] f.; [302]; [378]; [582]; [585]; [589] f.

κάθαρσις μανίας (music), [ix, 19]; (of Pythagoreans), [xi, 48]; by Melampous, [287]; Bakis, [294]; Orphic, [338] f.; [343]; Empedokles, [xi, 85]; Plato, [470].

καθέδραι, festival of Souls, [v, 86].

κάτοχος, of magic, [ix, 107].

κάτοχοι, κατοχή, κατέχεσθαι, of “possession”, [viii, 24], [44].

Kattadias (Devil-priests of Ceylon), [viii, 55].

Kaukones, [v, 12]. [617]

Kaunians, [v, 99].

Kausianoi, [viii, 75], [77].

Kekrops, [iii, 41].

Keos, funeral ordinance from, [v, 42], [52], [56], [74], [76-7], [87], [92], [135].

[Kerberos], [vii, 6].

κῆρες = souls, [i, 10]; [v, 100]; [ix, 92].

Kerkops (Pythagorean), [x, 7]; [597].

Kerykes, [vi, 6], [16].

Key, keeper of, in Hades, [vii, 13].

Kikones of the Odyssey, [42].

Kimon as Hero, [129].

Kirke, [32]; [v, 169].

Kissing the hand to a grave, [xiv, ii, 26]–7.

Kleanthes, [xiv, 41], [47].

κλειδοῦχοι θεοί, [247].

Kleisthenes, [124].

Kleitos, [58].

Kleobis and Biton, [xiv, ii, 148].

Kleombrotos, [xiv, 3].

Kleomedes (Hero), [129]; [xiv, ii, 114].

Kleomenes as Hero, [xiv, ii, 59].

Klymenos = Hades, [v, 8], [18]; reduced to rank of Hero, [iii, 34].

Knossos, [96]; [iii, 25].

[Kore], [160]; [v, 11]; [219] f.; [224]; [xiv, ii, 146].

Koronis, [iii, 56].

Korybantism, [viii, 36], [52]; [286] f.

Kos (Ge), [v, 16].

Kotytto, [336].

Kouretes, [v, 167].

κωλύματα, magic spells, [ix, 81].

Kragos, [iii, 30].

Krantor, [xiv, 1].

Krataiis, [593].

Krates (Cynic), [v, 34].

Kratinos, [vii, 17].

Kratippos, [512].

κρείττονες = the dead, [v, 65], [110], [117].

Krinagoras, [vi, 22].

Kritias, Sisyphos, [x, 54].

Kritolaos, [xiv, 32].

Krobyzoi, [viii, 65], [75].

Krokos, [iii, 43].

Kronos, ruler in Elysium, [76].

κτέρεα κτερείζειν, [i, 20], [29].

[Kybele], [257]; [viii, 32], [43], [55]; [286] f.; [ix, 56]; [xiv, ii, 174].

Kychreus (πυχρείδης ὄφις), [iv, 129].

Kydas, [ix, 66].

Kyffhäuser, legend of, [93]; [xiv, ii, 112].

Kylon, at Athens, [ix, 120].

Kyme, criminal law of, [v, 145].

Kypria, [64].

Labyadai, their funeral ordinance in Delphi, [v, 52], [85], [128].

Lamentation disturbs the dead, [v, 49].

Lamia, [vii, 25]; [592] f.

Lanterns, feast of in Japan, [v, 99].

Laodike, [iii, 6].

Lar familiaris and Lares at Rome, [v, 132].

Latinus, translation of, [xiv, ii, 110].

Laurel, drives away ghosts, [v, 95].

Law, unwritten, [163], [426]; [xii, 94].

Lebadeia, [90] f., [95]; [iii, 26]; [v, 19], [133]; [xiv, ii, 104].

Lectisternia, [iii, 26]; [iv, 16].

Lekythoi, [v, 38]; [169]; [170]; [237].

Lemnos, feast of the dead in, [ix, 76].

Lemuria in Rome, [v, 99].

Leonidas (as Hero), [iv, 20]; [528].

Leosthenes (Hero), [vii, 5]; [xiv, ii, 59].

Lerna, [ix, 88]; [viii, 28].

Lethe, [vii, 21]; [xii, 37]; and Mnemosyne, fountains of, [xiv, ii, 151].

Leto, [iii, 46].

Leuke, I. of Achilles, [65], [66]; [xiv, ii, 102]; Cliff of, [ib.]

Leukothea: see [Ino].

Lie, justification of, [xii, 72].

Life, [3], [31]; repudiation of, [viii, 75]; only lent, [xiv, ii, 161]; [505]; Water of life, [xiv, ii, 151]–2; Future Life, [236] f.; see [Hades] and [Ways].

Lightning sanctifies its victim, [iii, 39]; [100]; [v, 68]; [ix, 127]; [xii, 54]; [xiv, ii, 154]; [581] f.

Linos, [iii, 43].

Lobeck, [222].

Local deities and their cults, [25] f.; [27].

λόγος, [499]; [xiv, 69].

Lokroi, criminal law of, [v, 145].

Lot, oracles received by means of (Delphi), [290].

λουτροφόροι, [587].

Lucian, [iii, 28]; [236]; de Luctu, [xiv, ii, 2]; Philops., [xiv, ii, 87], [144]; [ix, 96].

Lucretius, [505].

Lydia, [v, 167].

Lying-in-state of the dead, [165].

Lykaios, Zeus, [v, 170].

Lykas (Hero), [iv, 114].

Lykia, imprecatory tablets from graves in, [553].

Lykian language, [iv, 99].

Lykos (Hero), [iv, 114]. [618]

Lykourgos, King of Edonians, [ix, 3]; in Sparta worshipped as Hero and God, [132]; sanctified by lightning, [581].

Lyric poetry of the Greeks, [157]; [411] f.

Lysander as Hero, [531].

Lysimachos (Hero), [xiv, ii, 67].

λύσιος Διόνυσος, [ix, 21]; λύσιοι θεοί, [x, 50].

λύσις of the soul, [x, 61], [66]; [xiii, 67].

Mâ, worshipped with ecstatic cult, [viii, 43], [55].

Macedonians, [viii, 31].

Machaon and Podaleirios, [iv, 92].

Macriani, [xiv, ii, 112].

[Madness] cured by magic, [ix, 19], [81]; cf. [Mental] diseases.

[Magic]al papyri, [xiv, ii, 144]; [589]; [592]; [604]; cf. [Defixiones].

Magicians, among savage peoples, [261] f.; Greek, [294] f., [298] f.; [xi, 58]; [533] f.; [604].

Mahâbhârata, [iii, 3].

μαινάς, [256].

[μακαρίτης] (of the dead), [vii, 10]; [xiv, ii, 31].

μακάρων νῆσοι: see [Islands] of the Blest.

Manes, [v, 99], [133].

μανία, divine, [255] f.; [286] f.; in the worship of Dionysos, [282] f.

Manichaeans, [x, 83].

[Mankind], origin of, according to the Orphics, [341] f.; generations (Ages) of, in Hesiod, [67] f.

[μάντεις], [ix, 41] f.; as magicians, [ix, 68].

[Mantiké] (inspired prophecy), [260], [289] f.

Marathon, [iv, 84]; [136]; Grave of the dead at, [xiv, ii, 37].

Marjoram, kathartic, apotropaic uses of, [v, 36].

Maron (Hero), [xiv, ii, 41].

μασχαλισμός, [181]; [582] f.

Massagetai, [259].

Materialism, [385].

“Matriarchy,” not Greek, [xii, 75].

Medea translation of, [xiv, ii, 99]; ([v, 169]).

Medicine men (North American Indians), [262]; [ix, 68], [117]; dance of the Winnebago, [viii, 55].

μέγαρα, [iii, 7].

μειλίχοι θεοί, [v, 168]; Διόνυσος μειλίχιος, [ix, 21].

Meilinoe, [v, 5]; [ix, 96].

Melampous, [89]; [287].

Melanippides, [xii, 1], [21].

Melesagoras, [ix, 58].

Memnon, [64] f.

Menelaos (translation of), [55] f.; [iv, 2]; [ii, 21].

Menestheus, [iv, 100].

[Mental] diseases, origin and cure of, [286] f.; [ix, 19], [81].

Metal, noise of, drives away ghosts, [i, 72]; [ix, 83]; see [Iron], [Bronze].

Metamorphoses, [iii, 3]; [x, 82].

μετεμψύχωσις, [x, 84]; see [Transmigration].

Metrodoros, allegorical interpretation of mythology, [vi, 23].

Metrodoros (Epicurean), [xiv, 85], [86], [97].

μὴ φῦναι, [xii, 10].

μήνιμα θεῶν, [v, 148]; ἀλιτηρίων, [v, 176].

μίασμα, [v, 176]; [295] f.

μιάστωρ, [v, 178].

Michael, the Archangel, [iv, 96].

Midas, [412].

Mid-day, spectres appearing at, [ix, 96]; [xiv, ii, 41]; [592] f.

[Migrations], Greek, [27], [155], [161], [284].

Milky Way (abode of the souls), [ix, 111]; [xii, 44].

Miltiades, as Hero, [iv, 20].

Mimnermos, [xii, 7].

Mind, [5], [29] f., [383], [387], [493] f.

Mingrelians, [i, 30].

Minos (and Zeus, in Crete), [96]; Judge in Hades, [vii, 13].

Minyas, [vii, 3]; [237], [238], [282].

Miracle, [254]; [xiv, ii, 40]–1, [45], [70]; [537]; desire for in later ages of antiquity, [546] f.

Missions, sent out from Eleusis, [161].

[Mithras], Mysteries of, [xiv, ii, 144], [153], [172], [174].

Mitylene, funeral ordinance of, [v, 54].

Mitys, [iv, 118].

μνήμη (Empedokles and Pythagorean), [xi, 96]; and λήθη in Hades (Pindar), [xii, 37]; [xiv, ii, 151].

Mnemosyne, [xii, 37]; [xiv, ii, 151].

μοῖρα, [29].

Moon and stars inhabited by souls, [x, 75]; [xi, 116]; [xiv, 53].

Monism, [432]; [500]. [619]

Mopsos, [iii, 5], [13]; [133].

Morality, [40]; [228]; [294] f.; [302]; [376].

Μορμολύκη, Μορμώ, [vii, 25]; [592].

Moschion, [x, 54].

Moses, [ii, 18]; [xiv, ii, 109].

Motes in the sunbeam = Souls (Pythagoras), [xi, 40]; Emped. [xi, 101].

Mountains, legends about, [263]; [viii, 68].

Mourning, period of, [167].

Mousaios, [x, 70].

μύχιοι θεοί, [iii, 35].

μυεῖν, [vi, 16].

Murderer, excluded from religious worship, [vi, 17].

[Murder], action for, religious sense of, [180] f.; expiation of, [174] f., [138]; [xii, 34], [40].

Murder trials; see [Homicide].

Music in Dionysiac worship, [257]; as a cure for Korybantic frenzy and other diseases, [286] f.; [ix, 19]; [xi, 48].

Musonius, [v, 34]; [503].

Mutterrecht, not Greek, [xii, 75].

Mutilation of the dead, [582] f.

Mycenae, [22], [27], [122].

Mykonos (cult of Chthonic Zeus), [v, 3], [7], [16].

Myrtle sacred to χθόνιοι, [iv, 21]; [v, 40], [61].

Mysians, [x, 78].

Mysteries: see [Eleusinian M.]; Orphic, [343] f.; Samothracian, [vi, 34]; (see also [Isis] and [Mithras]).

Mysticism, [225] f., [254] f., [262], [291] f., [344]; [xiii, 75], [104]; [xiv, 1].

Myth, allegorical interpretation of, [vi, 23].

Name, calling the dead by, [42], [527]; of Hero used in sacrificing, [iv, 62]; in invocation of avenging spirits, [604].

Nameless Gods, [iv, 62]; Heroes, [126] f.; [529]; [xiv, ii, 61], [63].

Namnites in Gaul, [viii, 55].

Narcissus (Orphic?), [x, 29].

νάρθηξ, [viii, 22].

National Heroes: see [ἀρχηγοί].

“Nature,” religion of, [223] f.

Naulochos (Hero), [xiv, ii, 74].

Nectar, [58].

nefasti dies, [v, 158].

Negro tribes, [i, 34]; [v, 110]; [271].

Nekyia of the Odyssey, [32] f.; [iii, 8]; [237] f.; [240] f.; 2nd Nekyia, [i, 62], [65]; N. in other epics, [237] f., (see [Descents]); on vases, [vii, 27].

νεκύσια, [v, 92].

Nemea, [iv, 22].

νεμέσεια, νέμεσις, Νέμεσις, [v, 91].

Neoplatonic writers, [x, 27], [29], [38]; [596] f.

Neoptolemos, translation of, [xiv, ii, 99].

Nero, translated (Antichrist), [xiv, ii, 113].

Neurotic diseases, cure of, [286] f.

New Zealand (method of burial), [v, 67].

Nightmare, [ix, 102]; [xiv, ii, 86].

Nine, sanctity of number, [v, 84]; [xiii, 45]; [xiv, ii, 154].

[Noise] of bronze or iron drives away ghosts, [i, 72]; [v, 167]; [ix, 83].

Nostoi, [66] f.

Novel (Greek, etc.), [iv, 134]; [xiv, ii, 87].

Novemdialia: festival in Rome, [v, 84].

νοῦς, in Anaxagoras, [387] f.; in Aristotle, [493] f.; cf. [383].

Numbers (Pythagorean mystical theory of), [x, 9].

Nyktelios, Nyktelia, [viii, 28]; [285]; [ix, 36].

νυμφόληπτος, [ix, 63].

ἐκ νυμφῶν κάτοχος, [ix, 58].

Nymphs, agents of Translation, [xiv, ii, 105].

Oath, religio-juristic significance of, [41] f.; [v, 156]; [238]; [xi, 77]; [xii, 40].

Oath-breaking punished in Hades; see [Perjury].

Oath taken by both parties in a suit, [v, 156].

Obolos for the ferryman of the dead: see [Charon].

Ocrisia, [v, 132].

Odyssey, [32] f., [55], [62] f., [236]; 2nd Nekyia, [i, 62], [65].

Odysseus, end of, [ii, 30]; oracle of, [iv, 97]; as Hero, [xiv, ii, 41]; O. and Kalypso, [xiv, ii, 105].

Oedipus, [430] f.; [xii, 85], [112] f.

Oikistes, [127] f.

Oinomaos, [iv, 2].

Oknos, [241].

Olbia, [xiv, ii, 102]. [620]

Olive, kathartic effects of, [v, 36]–[7], [61]; [ix, 72].

Olympos as dwelling-place of souls, [xiv, ii, 135].

Olympia, [iv, 22], [62]; [121], [160]; [v, 98].

ὠμοθετεῖν, [584] f.

ὀμφαλός at Delphi, [iii, 31].

Onomakritos, [336]–7, [338] f.; (the Lokrian), [ix, 113].

Oracles of Heroes, [133] f.; of Earth, [160]; see [Delphi], [Dodona], [Incubation].

Orators, Greek, [413].

Orators’ official speeches of consolation, [xiv, ii, 6].

Orestes, [iv, 35]; [178]; [424], [426].

Orgeones, [124].

Orgiastic cults in Greece, [ix, 56]; in Thessaly and Phrygia, [257].

Orient influenced by Greece, [539].

Origen, c. Cels., [iii, 20]; [xiv, 33].

Orion, [39]; [58].

Oropos, [92]; [iii, 19], [56]; [xiv, ii, 104].

Orpheus, κατάβασις εἰς Ἅιδου, [vii, 3], [27]; [x, 60]; of Kamarina, [x, 7]; of Kroton, [x, 7], [11].

[Orphics], [v, 99]; [124]; [vi, 13]; [vii, 15], [18]; [335] f.; [xii, 137]; [xiii, 44]; [70a]; [586]; alleged influence in Homer, [x, 5].

Orphic cult of Bakchos, [x, 1]; poetry, authorship of, [x, 7]; Rhapsodical Theogony, [ix, 123]; [339]–40; [596] f.; other Theogonies, [x, 21]; origin of mankind in, [339] f.; [x, 77]; six Rulers of the world, [x, 40]; Asceticism, [342] f.; kathartic doctrine, [338]; ideas of Hades, [344] f.; doctrine of rebirth and Transmigration of souls, [345] f.; grave-tablets (Sicily), [417] f.; [xiv, ii, 151]; [598], [601]; Hymns, [xiv, ii, 173].

Orphica (fr. 120). [x, 22]; (fr. 226), [x, 48].

Orphico-Pythagorean Hymnus on Number, [x, 9].

Ὀρτυγίη, [ii, 25].

Os resectum of the Romans, [i, 34].

ὅσιοι, the Pure, [vi, 18]; [343].

Osiris, [xiv, ii, 152].

Ostiaks, religious dances of the, [viii, 55].

ὀξυθύμια, [216]; [ix, 88].

οὐκ ἤμην, γενόμην κτλ. on epitaphs, [xiv, ii, 167].

Ouranos, [x, 28].

Paetus Thrasea, [xiv, 64].

Palamedes, [xiv, ii, 41].

Palaimon, [iii, 38].

παλαμναῖος, [v, 178].

παλιγγενεσία, [224]; [vii, 21]; [x, 47], [81], [84]; [519]; [xiv, i, 68], [142]; [547].

Pan, [ix, 56].

Panaitios, [xiv, 24]; [501] f.

Pandaemonism, [519].

Pandareos, daughters of, [ii, 5].

Pantheism, [261], [498] f.; [xiv, 60]; [504].

Panchatantra, [iv, 134].

Paradise, imaginary, in Hades, [vii, 18].

παραμυθητικὰ ψηφίσματα, [xiv, ii, 6].

Pardon for Homicide, [v, 144], [151], [154].

Parentalia in Rome, [v, 90].

Parmenides, [372]; [408]; [597].

Parsley used in cult of the dead, [iv, 22]; [v, 40], [107].

Pasiphaë, [iv, 104].

πάτραι, [iv, 49]; [v, 131]; in Rhodos, [iv, 52].

Patroklos, Funeral of, [12] f.; Translation of, [xiv, ii, 102].

πατρομύστης, [602].

Pausanias, Spartan King, [v, 173]; Periegeta, [126]; [529]; (4, 32, 1) [554]; Doctor (pupil of Empedokles), [378]; [xi, 61].

Pehuenchen Indians (S. America), [i, 26].

Peirithoös, [vii, 3].

Pelasgians, [v, 18].

Peleus, Translation of, [xiv, ii, 99].

Pellichos, [xiv, ii, 45].

Pelops, [121]; [iv, 37].

Penates, [v, 132]–3.

Penitents undergoing punishment in Hades, [40] f., [238], [241]; [vii, 27].

Pentheus, [283].

περίδειπνον, [167].

περικάθαρμα, [589].

περιμάττειν, [590].

[Perjury] punished in Hades, [41] f.; [v, 156]; [238]; [xi, 77]; [xii, 40].

Peripatetics, [512].

περιψῆν, [589].

Persephone, [158] f.; [v, 5]; [160] f.; [220]; [222] f.; and see [Koré].

Perseus and the Mainades, [ix, 3].

Persian War, Heroizing of those who fell in, [131].

Persians, [i, 5]; [10]; [22]; [v, 85]–6; kathartic practice among, [ix, 78].

Persinos of Miletos, [x, 7].

Persius, [i, 31]; [504]. [621]

Personality, reduplication of, [595] f.; cf. [ἔκστασις].

Peru, religious dances in, [viii, 55].

Pessimism, [412], [545].

Petelia, grave tablet from, [417] f., [601] f., [598].

Phaeacians, [63]; [ii, 17], [46].

Phaënnis, [ix, 59].

Phaëthon, [iii, 35].

Phanes, [x, 9]; [598].

Pharisees, [xi, 50].

φαρμακοί, [ix, 87]; [589] f.

φάσματα Ἑκατικά, [590] f.

Pherekrates, comic poet, [vii, 17].

Pherekydes, [301]; [x, 79]; [xi, 51]; [vi, 25]; [597].

Philippos of Opos, author of Epinomis, [xiv, 1].

Philiskos, [xii, 157].

Philo Judaeus, [xiv, ii, 117]; (ap. Gal. xiii, 268), [iii, 43].

Philodamos of Skarpheia, his Hymn to Dionysos, [vi, 9].

Philolaos, [x, 44]; [xi, 35]–6, [50], [55].

Philopoimen, as Hero, [xiv, ii, 49].

Philopregmon (Hero), [529].

Philosophy, [362] f.; [432] f.; [463] f.; [490] f.

Philostratos, Heroikos, [xiv, ii, 41]; V. Apoll., [xiv, ii, 115].

φιμοῦν, φιμωτικόν, [604].

Phokion, [v, 66].

Pseudo-Phokylides, [xiv, ii, 117].

Phormion, of Sparta, [ix, 111].

Phratriai in Athens, [124] f.

Phrygians, [v, 167]; [257]; [viii, 52]; [286]; [xiv, ii, 13], [174].

Phylai in Athens, [124] f.

Pig, in cult of the dead, [v, 105].

Pitch, kathartic property of, [v, 95]; [ix, 72].

Piety of the Greeks, [28] f.

Piety towards the dead, [16], [164], [169].

Pindar, [7], [115], [157]; [vi, 22]; [238]; [412]; [414] f.; (O. 2, 57), [xii, 35]; (O. 2, 61), [xii, 38]; (P. 8, 57), [iv, 105]; (fr. 129–30), [xii, 37]; (fr. 132), [xii, 45]; (fr. 133), [xii, 34], [41].

πίθος τετρημένος in Hades, [586] f.

Pittakos of Mitylene, [v, 54].

Pixodaros (Hero), [xiv, ii, 63].

Plato, [ix, 107]; [383]; [xi, 96]; [463] f.; [xiv, ii, 108]; [547]; Beauty in [473]; influence of, on popular belief, [xiv, ii, 143]; doctrine of Ideas, [470] f.; different strata of the Republic, [xiii, 8]; [474]; Laws, [xiii, 36], [37]; [476]; Gorgias, [vii, 13]; [xiii, 36], [96]; Meno, [xiii, 100]; Phaedo, [xiii, 36]; [468] f.

Plants with souls, [xi, 72], [82]; [382]; [xi, 117]; [xiii, 40].

οἱ πλείους, the dead, [xiv, ii, 124].

Plotinos, [547] f.

Plouton, [iii, 34]; [160].

πλουτώνια, [v, 23].

Plutarch, [v, 34]; [vi, 23]; [vii, 1]; [xiv, ii, 85], [87].

Pluto, [iii, 34]; [160].

πνεῦμα = soul, [xii, 150]; [498]; [541] f.

Podaleirios, [iii, 13]; [133].

ποινή for homicide, in Homer, [175]; forbidden, [v, 154]; and see [Murder].

Polemon, [xiv, 1].

Polemokrates (Hero), [iv, 93].

[Politics], Epicurean withdrawal from, [506] f.

Pollution, [294] f.

πολυάνδριοι δαίμονες, [604].

Polyaratos, [ix, 111].

Polybios, [492].

Polyboia, [100].

Polygnotos’ picture of Hades, [241] f.; [586].

Polynesians, [v, 161].

Pomegranate in the cult of the dead, [v, 105].

Pomptilla, grave in Sardinia, [xiv, ii, 71].

Poplar in the cult of the dead, [v, 61]; [xiv, ii, 102].

Popular belief about the dead, [524].

Popular version of “Translation”, [xiv, ii, 105].

Poseidonios, [x, 78]; [xi, 35], [55]; [xiv, 40], [44], [51], [53]–4; [502]; [xiv, 60]–2.

Possession, [255]; [595]; see [ἔκστασις].

Possessions of the dead burnt with the body, [i, 30], [51].

Postponement of coming events by the gods, [ix, 120].

Poulytion, [222].

Praetextatus, [xiv, ii, 172].

Praise of the dead at the περίδειπνον, [v, 81].

Pre-existence: see [Soul].

[Prophecy] by Incubation (dream-oracles), [92] f., [289] f.; by Heroes, [133]; in Thracian worship of Dionysos, [260]; two kinds of (τεχνική and ἄτεχνος), [289]; by “inspiration”, [289] f.; at Delphi, [289] f.; in Greek [622] worship of D., [289] f.; wandering prophets, [292] f.; by means of lots at Delphi, [289]; in Leuke, [xiv, ii, 102].

Prodikos of Keos, [vi, 23]; of Phokaia, [vii, 3]; of Samos, [vii, 3]; [x, 7].

Proërosia, [ix, 108].

Proitides, [282], [287].

Proklidai, [iv, 53].

Prophecy: see [Mantiké].

Prophetic power of the dying, [i, 69].

προσφάγιον, [v, 46].

προστρόπαιος, [v, 148], [176].

Protagoras, [438].

Protesilaos, [iv, 98].

Proteus in the Odyssey, [55].

πρόθεσις of the corpse, [164] ([v, 41] f.).

Proverbs, Greek, [v, 120]; [xii, 3]; [586].

Prussia, cult of the dead in, [v, 99], [114].

ψυχή in Homer, [4] f.; [30] f.; [364] f.; = alter ego, [6]; in Pindar, [xii, 32]; in Philosophy, [364] f.; situated in eye or mouth, [i, 25]; = Life, [i, 59]; [xi, 1].

ψυχαγωγός, [ix, 106].

Psyche (of Apuleius), [xiv, ii, 151].

Psychology, Homeric, [30] f.; of the philosophers, [364] f.

ψυχομαντεῖα, [v, 23].

ψυχπομπεῖα, [v, 23].

ψυχοστασία, [v, 100].

Punishment of guilty through descendants, [xii, 7], [65]; [xiv, ii, 96].

Purification: see Kathartic, κάθαρσις; after a funeral, [v, 77]; [after seeing a corpse: Jul., Ep. 77, p. 601, 20 f. H.]; carried out by ἐξηγηταί, [v, 139]; of murderers, [179] f.; [295]; (this not Homeric), [v, 166]; ritual, in daily life, [295]; of the new-born, [ib.]; by blood, [296]; by fire, [21]; by running water, [588] f.; removal of the polluting substance with figs or eggs, [589] f.

“Pure, the,” [vi, 18]; [343].

Purgation in Plato, [xiii, 36].

Purple (Red) colour proper to the dead, [v, 61].

Pythagoras, [374] f.; [xii, 150]; and Zalmoxis, [viii, 68]; and Abaris, [ix, 108], [122]; his previous births, [598] f.; descent to Hades, [600] f.

Pythagoreans, suicide, [v, 33]; bury the body on leaves, [v, 61]; and Orphics in Herodotos, [336]; [x, 8]; in Athens, [337]; psychology, [xi, 55]; Transmigration-doctrine, [x, 79], [81]; [xi, 42]; [xiii, 40]; ψυχή (Alkmaion), [xi, 28], [35]; and Parmenides, [xi, 30]; Empedokles and P. ἀνάμνησις, [xi, 96]; Υ Pythag., [xii, 62]; and Plato (divisions of the soul), [xiii, 27]; (transmigration of the soul), [xiii, 40]; and the Stoics (souls in the air), [xiv, 53].

Pythia, [viii, 52]–3; [ix, 45]; [289] f.; [596].

Pythian Games, [iv, 22].

Python, [97]; [180] f.

Quietism, [380].

Ram, in cult of the dead, [v, 105], [107]; as expiatory sacrifice, [v, 167].

Rationalism among the Greeks, [29] f.; [122]; [492]; [545].

Rebirth (see παλιγγενεσία), [xiv, ii, 174]; [602].

Recurrence, periodical, of everything, [x, 47]; [xiv, 68].

Red colour belonging to the dead, [v, 61].

Reduplication of Personality, [595] f.

Regilla, wife of Herodes Atticus, [xiv, ii, 71], [131].

Relatives obliged to prosecute vendetta, [v, 141].

“Release” of man from fate, etc., [342] f.; [xi, 50]; [384].

Religion, Homeric, [28] f.; of “Nature” [223] f.; Symbolic, [ib.]

Relics, cult of, [iv, 2]; [121] f.; [529].

Responsibility, moral, in Tragedy (Aesch.), [423] f.

Resurrection of the body, [xiv, ii, 174].

[Revenge] and Vendetta, circle of those expected to carry it out (in Homer), [v, 141]; Vend. bought off (in Homer), [v, 143]; this later forbidden, [v, 154]; Vend. in Tragedy, [424] f., [434].

Rewards and punishments transmitted to descendants, [xii, 65] ([x, 47]); exact equivalence, [x, 71]; [xi, 44]; in Hades, [40]–1; [239] f.; [467] f.; [536].

Right and left, significance of, in Hades, [xii, 62].

Rhadamanthys, [55] f.; [ii, 17], [23]; [247]; [xiv, ii, 132].

ῥάμνος, kathartic uses of, [v, 95]; [xi, 85].

Rhea: see [Kybele].

Rhesos, [iv, 36]; [557]. [623]

[Rock] graves, [v, 62], [66].

Rome, genius, [i, 5]; [v, 132]; marriage ceremonies, [v, 95]; Lares, [v, 66], [132]; Lemuria, [v, 99]; Manes, [ib.]; [v, 133]; Novemdialia, [v, 83]–4; os resectum, [i, 34]; Parentalia, [v, 90]; Penates, [v, 132]–3; Cult of Souls in, [v, 114]; Cremation, [i, 37], [39].

Romans, admitted to Eleusinian Mysteries, [226].

Romulus, translation of, [xiv, ii, 103], [107], [110].

Sabazios (Sabos), [viii, 10].

σάβος, σαβάζιος, [viii, 32].

Σαβάζια in Athens, [x, 12].

Sabazios Mysteries (late), [xiv, ii, 174].

Sacrifice at graves, [167], [169]; made to Heroes before gods, [iii, 46]; kathartic, [585].

Salamis, [136] f.

Salmoneus, [581].

Samothrace, Mysteries of, [vi, 34].

Sappho, [xii, 12]

Sarpedon, [ii, 28]; [iv, 99].

Satrai, [viii, 53].

Scapegoat, [ix, 87].

Schelling, [223].

Scheriê, [ii, 46].

Schol. Aristoph. Vesp. 1038, [ix, 102].

Scythians, [259]; [ix, 15]; [x, 78].

Second sight, [260]; [293] (see [ἔκστασις]).

Second-sight of the dying, [i, 69].

Secret cults, [219].

Sects, Orphic, [335].

Seers, ecstatic: see [μάντεις] and [Prophecy].

Seirenes, [ix, 102]; [593].

σέλινον sacred to the dead, [v, 40], [107].

Σέλλοι, [iii, 14].

Semele, [581].

Seminoles of Florida, [i, 25].

Semitic influence on Greeks, [60]; [96].

Semonides (Simonides of Amorgos), [xii, 4], [8], [15].

Seneca, [xiv, 41], [56], [68]; [503].

Sertorius, his search for the Islands of the Blest, [xiv, ii, 101].

Severus Alexander, [xiv, ii, 112].

Servius ad. Aen. vi, 324 (Poeta Anon.), [xi, 77].

Sex, changes of, in legend, [iii, 3].

Shamans, [viii, 43]; [262].

Sheep (or Ram), [v, 105], [107], [167].

Sibyls, [viii, 52]; [292] f.; [596].

Sicily, [xii, 47]; [417] f.

Sikyon (limitation on the length of epitaphs), [xiv, ii, 118].

Silenus, legend of, [xii, 10] ([viii, 15], [31]).

Silence in passing graves, [v, 110].

Simonides of Keos, [xii, 1], [3], [11].

[Sin], [294] f., [343], [381], (Plato) [466]; consciousness of, [242].

Sisyphos, [i, 82]; [241]; [vii, 27].

Sit tibi terra levis, [xiv, ii, 120].

Sithon, [iii, 3].

Sitting (not reclining) at feasts in honour of the dead, [v, 86].

Skedasos, daughters of, [xiv, ii, 35].

Skeletons, the dead as, [xiv, ii, 92].

σκίλλα, kathartic property of, [ix, 115]; [xi, 85]; [589] f.

Skiron, [v, 168].

Skotos, [vii, 6].

Skylla (daughter of Hekate), [593].

Slaves admitted to initiation at the Mysteries, [vi, 14]; when freed, bound to keep up the cult of their dead master, [v, 128].

Slavonic cult of souls, [v, 161].

Sleep and Death, [ii, 28]; Death only Sleep, [xiv, ii, 140]; of the Gods, [iii, 30]; “Temple-sleep”: see [Incubation].

Snakes, form in which χθόνιοι appear, [iii, 12], [33]; [98]; [iii, 55]; [iv, 129]; [v, 105], [113], [133], [168]; [602].

Societies: see [Associations].

Sokrates, [463].

Solon, date of archonship, [ix, 120]; as Hero, [iv, 38]; limits funeral pomp, [4], [45], [57], [75]; protects the memory of the dead, [v, 115]; his view of life, [xii, 6]; and Croesus, [xiv, ii, 170].

Sorcery: see [Magic] and [Conjuration] of the dead.

Sortilege, oracle of at Delphi, [290].

[Soul] = breath (πνεῦμα), [500] f.; [xiv, ii, 138]; represented on lekythoi as winged, [170]; Pre-existence of, taught by Pythagoras, [xi, 49]; by Plato, [465] f.; Aristotle, [495] f.; Stoics, [xiv, 60]; by Jews under Greek influence, [xiv, ii, 117]; Soul and Mind, in Aristotle, [496]; “Poor Souls,” [v, 114]; [x, 66]; Souls become daimones (Hesiod), [67] f.; transition from Soul to daimon, [v, 133], [148]; [179]; [v, 176]; assist growth of crops, [v, 120]; called upon [624] at marriages, [v, 121]; appearances after death, [ix, 105]; [533] f.; [xiv, ii, 154]; dissipated by wind after leaving the body, [xiii, 5]; [xi, 102]; [xiv, 49], [77]; of murdered men, [181] f.; kingdom of Souls in the air, in the Aether or in Heaven, [342]; [xi, 35]; [436] f.; Stoic, [500] f.; [541] f.; cf. [Hades]; in popular belief, [xiv, ii, 142]; in Neoplatonism, [547]; parts of the soul, acc. to Pythagoras, [xi, 55]; Plato, [466] f.; Peripatetics, [512]; Stoics, [xiv, 60]; Epicureans, [505]; conjuration of souls not known in Homer, [24]; later, [v, 23]; [ix, 106]; [xiv, ii, 87], [90]; on Defixions, [594] f., [604] f.; Souls, Cult of, after burial, [22] f., [77] f., [158] f., [163] f., [166] f., [181] f., [253] f.; Rudiments of, in Homer, [12] f.; in the family, [172] f.; represented on sepulchral reliefs, [v, 105]; Souls, Festival of, [168]; in cult of Dionysos, [ix, 11]; Soul, “Salvation” of the, [172].

[Souls]: Transmigration of Souls—Greek names for, [x, 84]; Thracian belief in, [263] f.; Egyptian belief in, [346]; Orphic, [337]; [342] f.; [346] f.; Pythagorean, [375]; [xi, 50], [55]; in Pindar, [415] f.; Empedokles, [xi, 75], [96]; Plato, [467]; Stoics (Poseidonios?), [xiv, 60].

σῶμα—σῆμα: Orphic, [342]; [x, 73]; Pythagoras, [375]; [xi, 50]; Empedokles, [xi, 75]; Euripides, [xii, 137]; Plato, [xiii, 44]; in popular belief, [xiv, ii, 141].

Somnium Scipionis, [xiv, 53], [54], [62]; [xiv, ii, 58].

Sophists, [432].

Sophokles, [vi, 22], [26]; [426] f.; as Hero, [iv, 71]; Oed. Col. 1583, [xii, 112].

σωτήρ (ἥρως), [xii, 128].

Sparta; funeral of kings, [iv, 46]; burial customs, [v, 61]; reliefs representing feasts of the dead, [v, 105], [86]; criminal law of, [v, 145].

Speaking ill of the dead forbidden, [v, 115].

Spell: see [Magic].

Spencer, Herbert, [6].

Spielhansel, folk-tale of, [i, 82].

Spiritualism, [264] f.; [385]; [500]; [595].

Spirits: see [Ghosts].

Spirits, island of (Leuke), [xiv, ii, 102]; nocturnal battle of, [xiv, ii, 37]; magical compulsion of, [ix, 107].

Spitting, apotropaic effect of, [586].

Stars inhabited, [xi, 116]; by the souls of the departed, [x, 75]–6; myths, [58].

State: see [Politics]; State Funerals, [xiv, ii, 5]–6.

Statues of Heroes, miracles performed by, [136].

στέφανος, [iv, 21].

Stertinius, C. Xenophon (Hero), [xiv, ii, 64].

Stobaeus, Ecl. [i, 49], [46]; [xiv, ii, 138].

Stoics, [xi, 98]; [xii, 67]; [497] f.; [542].

Stones (a soul attributed to), [xi, 72].

Stormclouds, shooting at, [viii, 63]; cf. [Weather-magicians].

Straton, [xii, 150]; [xiv, 34].

Striking the ground in calling on χθόνιοι, [iii, 10].

Styx, [vii, 21].

Subterranean translation among the Greeks, [89] f.; [xiv, ii, 104]; in Germany, [93]; in Mexico and in the East, [iii, 17].

Sûfis of Persia, [viii, 60]; [266].

Suicide forbidden (Orphic), [x, 44]; suicides refused burial, [v, 33].

Suidas on ἐμασχαλίσθη, [582] f.

Sulphur, kathartic property of, [v, 95].

Swoon (πιοψυχία), [i, 9].

Syrians, [xiv, ii, 174].

Sybaris (Lamia), [iv, 115]; Orphic gold tablets from, [417] f.; [598]; [601].

Symbolism in religion, [224], [226] f.

Symmachos, [xiv, ii, 172].

Syncretism, [288]; [534].

Syrianos, [596] f.

Syrie, [62] f.

Tacitus, [xiv, 47].

Tahiti, funeral dirges of, [v, 48].

Talthybios, [134].

Tantalos, [40] f., [241]; [vii, 27].

Tarantism, [ix, 19].

Taraxippos (Hero), [127].

Tarentum, [v, 68].

Tartaros, [76]; [vii, 6]; [340]; [xi, 38].

Tasmania, cult of dead in, [585].

Ταῦτα, τοσαῦτα in epitaphs, [xiv, ii, 167].

Teiresias, [36] f., [41]; [iii, 3], [8].

Telegoneia, [65], [90].

Teleology in Anaxagoras, [xi, 104].

Tellos the Athenian, [xiv, ii, 170].

Temesa, the Hero of, [135] f. [625]

Temple-sleep: see [Incubation].

Tenes, [iv, 138].

Terizoi in Thrace, [viii, 65].

Thales, [vi, 25]; [366].

Thamyris, [238].

Thanatos, [xii, 4], [121]; and Hypnos, [ii, 28].

Thargelia, [ix, 87].

Theagenes (Hero), [136]; [iv, 119], [134].

Thebais, [75], [90], [93].

θεῖος ἀνήρ, [xiii, 68].

Themistokles as Hero, [iv, 30].

Theognetos (Orphic), [x, 7]; [597].

Theognis, [411] f.; [xii, 13].

Theogony of Epimenides, [ix, 123]; of Hesiod, [x, 5]; Orphic, [339] f.; [596].

Theokrasia, [x, 24].

Theology, Homeric, [25] f., [31] f.; of the court in Hellenistic period, [538] (see [Orphics]).

Theophanes (Hero), [xiv, ii, 64].

Theophrastos, [xiv, 34]; Testament of, [v, 137].

Theopompos, on Abaris, [ix, 108]; Aristeas, [ix, 109]; Bakis, [ix, 66]; Epimenides, [ix, 117]; Hermotimos, [ix, 112]; Phormion, [ix, 111].

ὁ θεός, ἡ θεά at Eleusis, [v, 19].

Theosophy (Orphic), [336].

Theoxenia, [96]; [iv, 16], [71]; festival at Delphi, [iv, 82].

Theron, [416].

Theseus, transfer of his bones to Athens, [122]; expiation of murder of Skiron, [v, 168]; Descent to Hades, [vii, 3].

Thesmophoria, [222].

θίασος, Dionysiac, Thracian, [viii, 31].

30,000 = innumerable, [xi, 78].

θόλοι, [iii, 31].

Thorn: see [White-thorn].

Thracians, [viii, 11]; cult of Dionysos, [256] f.; belief in immortality, [263] f.; in Transmigration, [263] f.; Ascetic practices, [x, 78].

Thrasea Paetus, [xiv, 64].

θρόνον στρωννύναι for a god, [iii, 26].

θρόνωσις (of mystai), [ix, 19].

Thunder clouds driven away by noise, etc., [viii, 63].

θύειν, [iv, 15].

Thyme used in burial, [v, 36].

θυμός and ψυχή, [i, 58]; [xi, 1].

Thyrsos, [viii, 22].

Tii of Polynesia, [v, 161].

Timokles of Syracuse, [x, 7].

Timoleon as Hero, [xiv, ii, 59].

Titans (Orphic), [340] f.; [x, 77] (cf. p. [76]).

Tithonos, [58].

Tityos, [40] f.

Tragedy, Greek, [421] f.

Τράλεις, Thracian tribe of mercenaries, [viii, 77].

Tralles in Karia, criminal law of, [v, 150].

Translation, in Homer, [55] f.; subterranean, [89] f.; in Pindar, [414]; in Euripides, [xii, 127]; Semitic, [60]; [xiv, ii, 109]; German, [93]; Italian, [xiv, ii, 110]; Tr. to Islands of the Blest, [xiv, ii, 99]; to the Nymphs, [xiv, ii, 105]; into a river, [xiv, ii, 114]; by lightning, [583]; Tr. of Achilles, [64] f.; Alkmene, [xiv, ii, 99]; Althaimenes, [iii, 4]; Amphiaraos, [89] f.; Amphilochos, [iii, 5]; Antinous, [xiv, ii, 114]; Apollonios of Tyana, [xiv, ii, 116]; Aristaios, [iii, 6]; Aristeas (?), [ix, 109]; Berenike, etc., [xiv, ii, 107]; Diomedes, [67]; [xiv, ii, 99]; Emperors, [xiv, ii, 107]; Empedokles, [xi, 61]; Erechtheus, [98]; Euthymos, [136]; Hamilcar, [xiv, ii, 109]; Helen, [ii, 21]; Herakleid. Pont., [xi, 61]; Iphigeneia, [ii, 26]; Kleomedes, [129]; Laodike, [iii, 6]; Memnon, [64]; Menelaos, [55]; [ii, 21]; Oedipus, [xii, 112]; Phaethon, [iii, 35]; Rhadamanthys, [ii, 17]; Telegonos and Penelope, [65]; Trophonios, [90]; Tr. no longer understood in later ages, [xiv, ii, 103]; effected mechanically, [xiv, ii, 106].

Trausians, [viii, 75].

Trees planted round graves, [i, 28]; [v, 73]; sacred to the χθόνιοι, [v, 61].

Τριακάδες, [v, 86] f.; [xiv, ii, 17].

Trieteric festival of Dionysos, [258], [285].

Triopion, ancient Greek cult there, [ix, 89].

Triphylians, [v, 11].

Triptolemos, [i, 41]; [220]; [vi, 35]; as Judge in Hades, [vii, 14].

τρίτα (sacrifice to the dead), [v, 83].

τριτοπάτορες, [v, 123] f.; [x, 45].

Trophonios, [90] f., [101], [121], [159], [161]; [v, 133]; [viii, 68]; [xiv, ii, 104]; Zeus Troph., [iii, 18].

Trojan Heroes, [xiv, ii, 41].

Tronis in Phokis, [iv, 34]. [626]

Turning one’s back on spirits: see [Avoiding], etc.

Turnus, translation of, [xiv, ii, 110].

τυμβωρύχος, [xiv, ii, 11].

Twelve Tables influenced by Solon, [v, 47].

Typhon, [vii, 6].

Tyrtaios, [xii, 13].

Underworld, pictures of on vases, [vii, 27]; Polygnotos’ picture of, [241] f., [586] f.

Unknown gods, [iv, 62]; Heroes, [127].

Unlucky days, [v, 158].

[Utopia] in Hades, [vii, 18].

Vampyre, [v, 161]; [xiv, ii, 86].

Vapour-baths used by Scythians and Indians to produce religious intoxication, [viii, 39].

Varro, [i, 21], [34]; [iii, 31]; [vi, 23]; [ix, 111].

Vendetta: see [Revenge].

Venus, conductress of souls, [xiv, ii, 146].

Vergil, [i, 37]; [vii, 6]; [xi, 50]; [xii, 62]; [535].

Vibia, tomb of, [xiv, ii, 144], [174].

Vine, cultivation of in Thrace, [viii, 38]; branches used in burial, [v, 37].

Virbius, legend of, [iv, 38].

Visions, [30] f., [258] f. (and see [ἔκστασις]).

Visits of Gods to men, [ii, 38] ([iv, 134]).

Voodoo, Negro sect in Haiti, [viii, 55].

Wanderings: see [Migration].

Water polluted by the neighbourhood of a corpse, [v, 38]; [ix, 76]; flowing, kathartic properties of, [588] f.; cold water in the lower world, [xiv, ii, 151]; of Life in folk-lore, [ib.]; speaking, [ib.]

[Ways], Two, Three, in the lower world, [xii, 62].

[Weather-magicians], [viii, 63]; [ix, 107].

Weregild, [175] f.; forbidden, [v, 154].

[Will], freedom of, [423] f.; [498] f.

Wind = Soul, [xiii, 5]; Spirits of, [v, 124]; Bride of, [ii, 7].

Wine, belongs to later Dionysos, [viii, 3].

Wisdom of Solomon, [xiv, ii, 117].

[White-thorn], [v, 95].

Witches, etc. (see also [Hekate]), [ix, 101].

Works of “supererogation” assist others, [x, 66].

World, different Ages of, in Hesiod, [67] f.

World, withdrawal , in later Greek life, [546] f.; enjoyment of, in early period, [3], [63]; [xiv, ii, 170]; hatred of, Christian-Gnostic, [xiv, ii, 179]; periods of (Orphic), [342].

Wolf-shape, of spirits, [iv, 114]; [590].

Wool, kathartic properties of, [590].

ξενικοὶ θεοί, [x, 3].

Xenokrates, [vi, 35]; [x, 39]; [xiv, 1].

Xenophanes, [371] f.; [xi, 42]; [xii, 150]; [xiv, 53].

Xenophon C. Stertinius (Hero), [xiv, ii, 64].

Yama, Indian god of the lower world, [vii, 6].

Yogis of India, [viii, 43].

Zagreus, [340] f.; [viii, 28]; [x, 9], [12], [77]; [598].

Zaleukos, [v, 145].

Zalmoxis, [iii, 13]; [viii, 10], [28]; [263].

Zeno (Eleatic), [372] f.

Zeno (Stoic), [xiv, 43].

Zeus in Crete, [97] f., [161]; [ix, 56]; and Alkmene, [iv, 134]; as conductor of Souls, [xiv, ii, 146].

Ζεὺς Ἀμφιάραος, [iii, 19]; χθόνιος, [159]; [v, 167]; [220]; Εὐβουλεύς, Βουλεύς, [v, 7], [19]; Λύκαιος, [v, 170]; μειλίχιος, [v, 168]; προστρόπαιος, [v, 148]; φίλιος, [ii, 38]; Σαβάζιος, [viii, 10]; Τροφώνιος, [iii, 18].

Zopyros, [x, 7], [11].

Zoroastrianism, [302].