Exercises upon the Different Parts of Italian Speech, with References to Veneroni's Grammar / to which is added an abridgement of the Roman history, intended at once to make the learner acquainted with history, and the idiom of the Italian language

by Ferdinando Bottarelli

OF PRONOUNS.

The Personal Pronouns io, tu, egli, essa, noi, voi, eglino, being the Nominative Case, ought to be put before the Verb; but if there is an Interrogation, they must be put after. [See Gram. p. 67.]

1. 1. I entreat you
   2. supplicáre voi
   3. to grant me
   4. accordáre
   5. that favour.
   6. quello favóre.

1. 1. What do you
   2. desire
   3. brama
   4. of me,
   5. madam?
   6. madama?

1. 1. What do you
   2. say?
   3. dire
   4. I do not
   5. understand
   6. capíre
   7. you.

1. 1. Don’t you
   2. speak
   3. parláre
   4. Italian
   5. Italiáno
   6. and French?
   7. Francése?

1. 1. I understand them
   2. capíre
   3. pretty well,
   4. assái bene
   5. but when
   6. ma quando
   7. you speak
   8. parláre
   9. so very fast,
   10. così presto
   11. I cannot understand you.
   12. non posso capíre.

1. 1. I ask you
   2. domándare
   3. if you will
   4. volére
   5. do me
   6. fare
   7. a favour.
   8. favóre.

1. 1. With all my heart,
   2. tutto cuóre
   3. if I can
   4. potére
   5. conveniently.
   6. senz’inconveniente.

1. 1. Have you
   2. avére
   3. an Italian Dictionary?
   4. Italiáno Dizionário?

1. 1. Yes, I have
   2. Baretti’s Dictionary.
   3. Barétti Dizionário.

1. 1. Will you lend
   2. prestáre[1]
   3. it me for
   4. two or three weeks?
   5. due tre settimána?

1. 1. It is
   2. at your service,
   3. vostro servízio
   4. if you will send for it.
   5. mandárlo a prendere.

1. 1. Did you see
   2. vedére
   3. the castle St. Angelo
   4. castéllo Sant’ Angelo
   5. at Rome?
   6. Roma?

1. 1. Yes, it is
   2. very fine,
   3. bello
   4. very rich;
   5. ricco
   6. in short,
   7. in somma
   8. I think it is
   9. crédere
   10. the finest castle in
   11. [2]
   12. Europe.
   13. Európa.

1. 1. Do you think
   2. crédere
   3. the city of Paris
   4. città Parígi
   5. is finer than
   6. bello
   7. London?
   8. Londra?

1. 1. No, it is not
   2. so large,
   3. gránde
   4. nor so well built
   5. bene fabbricata
   6. as London.

1. 1. I love you
   2. amáre
   3. with all my heart,
   4. tutto cuóre
   5. and if you come
   6. veníre
   7. tomorrow
   8. dománi
   9. to see me,
   10. vedére
   11. I’ll give you
   12. dare
   13. what I promised you.
   14. prométtere.

1. 1. I will not fail,
   2. mancáre
   3. but I am afraid
   4. temére
   5. to be too troublesome
   6. di dar troppo incómodo
   7. to you and
   8. your family.
   9. vóstra famiglia.

1. 1. Did Mr. N.
   2. Signór
   3. give you
   4. dare
   5. the book
   6. libro
   7. you lent him?
   8. prestáre?

1. 1. Not yet;
   2. non ancóra
   3. but I believe
   4. ma crédere
   5. he will give it me
   6. dare
   7. soon.
   8. presto.

1. 1. When you get it back,
   2. [3]riavére
   3. will you bring it me?
   4. portáre

1. 1. I will do it
   2. fare
   3. willingly
   4. volentiéri
   5. to oblige you.
   6. obbligáre.

1. 1. When
   2. quando
   3. will you go to see him
   4. andáre vedére
   5. at his country seat?
   6. sua villa?

1. 1. I think
   2. crédere
   3. I shall pay him a visit
   4. fare una visita
   5. next month.
   6. próssimo mese.

1. 1. Bring me
   2. portáre
   3. your grammar
   4. grammática
   5. to-morrow.
   6. dománi.

1. 1. Here it is,
   2. Eccola quà
   3. sir,
   4. I brought it
   5. portáre
   6. with me.
   7. meco.

1. 1. Shew me
   2. mostráre
   3. what you have written.
   4. quel che avére scrívere
   5. That is not
   6. well,
   7. bene
   8. write it over again,
   9. scrívere di nuóvo
   10. and when you have done,
   11. [4]quando avére fare
   12. give it to
   13. dare
   14. your brother.
   15. vostro fratéllo.

1. 1. I think
   2. crédere
   3. you are
   4. éssere
   5. very idle.
   6. pigro.

1. 1. Forgive me,
   2. perdonáre
   3. I will be
   4. éssere
   5. more diligent
   6. più diligénte
   7. in future.
   8. all’avveníre.

1. 1. Reach me
   2. recáre
   3. that pen-knife,
   4. quello temperíno
   5. and a clean pen.
   6. pulíto penna.

1. 1. Write an exercise,
   2. scrívere tema
   3. and then
   4. e poi
   5. read it to me.
   6. leggétemelo[5].

[1] See Gram. p. 203, on pronouns conjunctive.

[2] See Gram. p. 56, on superlatives.

[3] This supposes a future, which must be thus expressed: Quando lo riávréte, &c.

[4] Turn, and when you shall have done it.

[5] See Gram. p. 66.

On Pronouns Demonstrative and Possessive. The Pronouns Demonstrative, questo, quello, or questi, and the Pronouns Possessive, mio, mia, tuo, tua, suo, sua, agree with the Substantive in gender, number, and case. [See Veneroni’s Grammar, p. 68, 70.]

1. 1. This horse
   2. questo cavállo
   3. goes
   4. andáre
   5. better than
   6. any of yours.
   7. qualúnque vostro.

1. 1. This man is
   2. uómo
   3. more honest than
   4. onésto
   5. you think.[1]
   6. crédere.

1. 1. This woman is
   2. donna
   3. not so happy as
   4. felíce
   5. she deserves.
   6. meritáre.

1. 1. This house
   2. casa
   3. stands
   4. stare
   5. in a most
   6. pleasant situation.
   7. améno situazióne.

1. 1. Those gentlemen
   2. quello signóre
   3. seem
   4. parére
   5. to be very cold.
   6. avére freddo.

1. 1. Those ladies are
   2. signóra
   3. very modestly drest.
   4. modestaménte vestíre.

1. 1. My brother
   2. [2]mio fratéllo
   3. is gone into
   4. andáre
   5. the country
   6. campágna
   7. for a month.
   8. mese.

1. 1. My mother
   2. madre
   3. is gone over to
   4. France
   5. Fráncia
   6. for her health.
   7. salute.

1. 1. My countrymen are
   2. compatriótto
   3. very great
   4. grande
   5. politicians.
   6. político.

1. 1. My sister
   2. sorélla
   3. loves
   4. amáre
   5. public diversions
   6. púbblico divertiménto
   7. to excess.
   8. éccesso.

1. 1. My action
   2. azióne
   3. is not so blameable as
   4. biasimiévole
   5. you say.
   6. dire.

1. 1. Your affection for me
   2. affétto
   3. is false
   4. falso
   5. and deceitful.
   6. ingannévole.

1. 1. Her history
   2. stória
   3. has made
   4. avére fare
   5. a great noise
   6. grande romóre
   7. in the world.
   8. mondo.

1. 1. Their clock
   2. orológio
   3. is always
   4. sempre
   5. out of order.
   6. in disórdine.

1. 1. Our house
   2. casa
   3. is finer than
   4. bello
   5. yours.
   6. vostro.

1. 1. Their affairs are
   2. affáre
   3. more perplexed
   4. più imbarrazzáre
   5. [3]than you imagine.
   6. immagináre.

[1] You must here add a negation, after a comparison, as in French, and turn it thus; than you not think: Che non credéte.

[2] Pronouns possessive take the article il, la, &c. in the nominative. See Veneroni’s Grammar, p. 68.

[3] Render it, as in the preceding page; than you not imagine.

The Pronoun Relative che is of all genders, and of all numbers. [See Gram. p. 72.]

1. 1. The woman who
   2. donna che
   3. has
   4. avére
   5. a fair face,
   6. bello viso
   7. is loved by
   8. amáre
   9. all.
   10. tutto.

1. 1. The girl who
   2. ragázza
   3. brought me
   4. portáre
   5. my pen-knife,
   6. temperíno
   7. is lovely.
   8. amábile.

1. 1. The man who
   2. uómo
   3. bought
   4. compráre
   5. my house
   6. mio casa
   7. is honest.
   8. onésto.

1. 1. My brother’s hat
   2. fratéllo cappéllo
   3. begins
   4. cominciáre
   5. to be worn.
   6. usársi.

1. 1. The man who
   2. uómo
   3. struck
   4. percuótere
   5. my father
   6. padre
   7. is a butcher.
   8. macellájo.

1. 1. The rewards which
   2. ricompénsa
   3. are promised
   4. éssere prométtere
   5. shall be given, if
   6. dare
   7. the work required,
   8. lavóro richiésto
   9. be done
   10. fare
   11. the day after to-morrow.
   12. dopo dománi.

1. 1. The horse which
   2. cavállo
   3. my father sold
   4. padre véndere
   5. was very good.
   6. éssere buóno.

1. 1. The comedy which
   2. commédia
   3. we acted
   4. rappresentáre
   5. was pleasant.
   6. piacévole.

1. 1. The wood
   2. legna
   3. we bargained for
   4. patteggiáre
   5. was too dry.
   6. éssere secco.

1. 1. The wine which
   2. vino
   3. you drank
   4. bere
   5. yesterday
   6. jeri
   7. was excellent.
   8. eccellente.

1. 1. The last lesson
   2. ultimo lezióne
   3. you gave me,
   4. dare
   5. was very difficult.
   6. molto diffícile.

1. 1. The company
   2. compagnía
   3. you keep
   4. praticáre
   5. is not honest.
   6. onésto.

1. 1. I have found
   2. avére trováre
   3. the book which
   4. libro
   5. I had lost.
   6. pérdere.

Note that, he that, and she that, must be turned by quello che, and quella che. [See Gram. p. 72.]

1. 1. He who does not
   2. fear God,
   3. temére Dio
   4. does not deserve
   5. meritáre
   6. to live.
   7. vívere.

1. 1. He who came
   2. veníre
   3. this morning,
   4. mattína
   5. has a great regard
   6. avére gran stima
   7. for you.

1. 1. He who gave you
   2. dare
   3. that counsel,
   4. consíglio
   5. is not
   6. your friend.
   7. amíco.

1. 1. He who lives honestly,
   2. vívere onestaménte
   3. is esteemed by
   4. stimáre
   5. all people.
   6. tutti.

1. 1. He who told you that,
   2. dire
   3. did not tell you
   4. the truth.
   5. verità.

1. 1. He who sold you
   2. véndere
   3. these boots,
   4. stivále
   5. did not cheat you.
   6. ingannáre.

1. 1. She who is
   2. the handsomest,
   3. bello
   4. is not
   5. always
   6. sempre
   7. the most virtuous.
   8. virtuóso.

1. 1. He who speaks continually,
   2. parláre continuamente
   3. must be
   4. deve éssere
   5. very troublesome.
   6. seccante.

1. 1. She who told me
   2. dire
   3. the news,
   4. nuóvo
   5. is
   6. your great friend.
   7. grande amíca.

1. 1. She who is
   2. married to
   3. maritáre
   4. Mr. N.
   5. signór N.
   6. is
   7. the most lively.
   8. più viváce.

1. 1. She who gave me
   2. dare
   3. your letter,
   4. léttera
   5. speaks Italian
   6. parláre Italiáno
   7. very well.
   8. beníssimo.

1. 1. He whom you look for,
   2. cercáre
   3. is gone away
   4. partire
   5. this morning.
   6. mattína.

1. 1. He whom you hate
   2. odiáre
   3. the most, is my
   4. intimate friend.
   5. intímo amico.

1. 1. He whom you have recommended
   2. avére raccomandáre
   3. to me, is a great
   4. rogue.
   5. birbánte.

1. 1. He whom you saw
   2. vedére
   3. yesterday,
   4. jéri
   5. is
   6. éssere
   7. my sister’s lover.
   8. sorélla amánte.

1. 1. He whom God loves,
   2. Dio amáre
   3. is very happy.
   4. felíce.

1. 1. She whom you see,
   2. vedére
   3. is
   4. my eldest brother’s
   5. primogénito fratéllo
   6. mistress.
   7. innamoráta.

1. 1. She whom I have recommended
   2. avére raccomandáre
   3. to you, is
   4. modest.
   5. modésto.

1. 1. She whom I loved most,
   2. amáre il più
   3. is married.
   4. maritáre.

1. 1. I saw to-day
   2. vedére oggi
   3. the gentleman
   4. signóre
   5. with whom
   6. [1]
   7. we dined
   8. pranzáre
   9. yesterday.
   10. jéri.

1. 1. Here is
   2. Ecco
   3. the lady
   4. signóra
   5. for whom
   6. I have
   7. avére
   8. great respect.
   9. grande rispétto.

1. 1. Let us go and see
   2. andáre [2] vedere
   3. the lady with whom
   4. we played at cards
   5. giuocáre carta
   6. in the country
   7. campágna
   8. the other day.
   9. altro giórno.

1. 1. The gentleman
   2. signóre
   3. with whom
   4. we were
   5. éssere
   6. the other day
   7. altro giórno
   8. is very ill.
   9. ammaláto.

1. 1. There is
   2. the horse
   3. cavállo
   4. for which
   5. I offered
   6. esibire
   7. twenty guineas.
   8. venti ghinéa.

1. 1. Shew me
   2. mostráre
   3. the watch
   4. oriuólo
   5. for which
   6. you gave
   7. dare
   8. forty pounds.
   9. quaránta lire.

1. 1. There is
   2. the sword
   3. spada
   4. for which
   5. I offered
   6. esibíre
   7. six guineas.
   8. sei ghinéa.

[1] We put quale after the prepositions, speaking of reasonable creatures. See Gram. p. 72.

[2] See Gram. p. 205, on verbs of motion.

When between two Verbs there is a Noun, or a Pronoun, we put generally che after the first Verb.

1. 1. I thought
   2. crédere
   3. you could speak
   4. parláre
   5. Italian
   6. Italiáno
   7. better
   8. méglio
   9. than you do.[1]

1. 1. I fancy
   2. immaginársi
   3. you are not yet
   4. [2]avére ancóra
   5. twenty years old.
   6. venti anni.

1. 1. I hope
   2. speráre
   3. you will not refuse me
   4. ricusáre
   5. the favour
   6. favóre
   7. to recommend me to
   8. raccomandáre
   9. your friends
   10. vostro amíco
   11. in town.
   12. città.

1. 1. My uncle
   2. zio
   3. told me yesterday
   4. dire jéri
   5. you were not well,
   6. [3]stare bene
   7. but I am very glad
   8. ma rallegrársi
   9. to find
   10. trováre
   11. you are
   12. better to-day.
   13. méglio oggi.

1. 1. You promised
   2. prométtere
   3. to write to me
   4. scrívere
   5. last week,
   6. passáto settimána
   7. but I am very sorry
   8. ma rincréscere
   9. to observe
   10. vedére
   11. you have forgot me.
   12. che vi siete scordato di me.

[1] Render, than you do not.

[2] We use the verb avére instead of éssere, speaking of age. Ex. How old are you? Quanti anni avete?

[3] The verb stare must be used instead of éssere, in speaking of health.

We always put che instead of but in English, with a negation before the Verb.

1. 1. I desired but one favour from you,[1]
   2. chiédere favóre
   3. and you refused it me.
   4. ricusáre.

1. 1. If you would give me
   2. dare
   3. but one guinea
   4. ghinéa
   5. at once,
   6. alla volta
   7. you would oblige me
   8. obbligáre
   9. infinitely.
   10. infinitaménte.

1. 1. When one has
   2. quando[2] avére
   3. little money,
   4. poco danáro
   5. one ought to spend
   6. dovére spéndere
   7. accordingly.
   8. in conseguénza.

1. 1. I ask you
   2. domandáre
   3. but what
   4. others give me.
   5. altro dare.

1. 1. You do nothing but
   2. fare [3]
   3. laugh and play.
   4. rídere giuocáre.

1. 1. He does nothing but
   2. eat and drink.
   3. mangiáre bere.

1. 1. When others laugh,
   2. altro rídere
   3. you do nothing but
   4. fare
   5. cry.
   6. piángere.

[1] Non vi chiési che un favóre.

[2] When one has but, &c. must be rendered by quando non si ha che, &c.

[3] You do nothing but, &c. render it by, non fate altro che.

On the Particles Relative ci and vi. The Particles Relative ci and vi, are put instead of there, within and in that.

1. 1. I went yesterday to
   2. venire jéri
   3. your house
   4. casa
   5. to see you,
   6. vedére
   7. but your man told me
   8. ma servitore dire
   9. you were not
   10. éssere
   11. within.

1. 1. Indeed
   2. in verità
   3. I was there
   4. almost all the afternoon;
   5. quasi tutto dopo pranzo
   6. at what time
   7. che ora
   8. did you come?
   9. veníre?

1. 1. I went there
   2. at six o’clock.
   3. sei

1. 1. He was in the right
   2. [1]avére
   3. to tell you
   4. dire
   5. that I was not within,
   6. éssere
   7. for I was gone to visit
   8. andáre visitáre
   9. a few friends
   10. alcúno amíco
   11. in the square.
   12. piázza.

1. 1. My brother
   2. fratéllo
   3. and sister
   4. sorélla
   5. are gone into
   6. andáre
   7. the country.
   8. campagna.

1. 1. When
   2. quando
   3. did they go,
   4. I wish to know?
   5. vorréi sapére?

1. 1. They went
   2. andáre
   3. yesterday morning.
   4. jéri mattína.

1. 1. Is it long since
   2. [2]
   3. you saw
   4. vedére
   5. our regiment?
   6. reggiménto?

1. 1. It is
   2. two months,
   3. due mese
   4. if
   5. se
   6. I remember well.
   7. ricordáre bene.

1. 1. How long is it since
   2. éssere
   3. you left France?
   4. lasciáre Fráncia?

1. 1. It is
   2. five and twenty years,
   3. cinque venti anno
   4. or thereabouts.
   5. incírca.

[1] To be in the right, is, avere ragione.

[2] Long, molto tempo, or un pezzo.

How to express some of it, or some of them. [See Grammar p. 215.]

1. 1. You have
   2. avére
   3. three horses,
   4. tre cavállo
   5. lend me
   6. prestátemene
   7. one of them.
   8. uno.

1. 1. I have but two,
   2. avére due
   3. one for
   4. myself,
   5. me
   6. and the other for
   7. my man.
   8. servitore.

1. 1. I thought
   2. crédere
   3. you had
   4. avére
   5. three (of them).
   6. tre.

1. 1. To shew you
   2. far vedére
   3. that I have
   4. avére
   5. but two (of them),
   6. due
   7. come with me into
   8. veníre meco
   9. the stable,
   10. stalla
   11. and you will not see
   12. vedére
   13. any more (of them).
   14. più.

1. 1. I do not doubt it at all,
   2. dubitáre[1]
   3. I believe you.
   4. crédere.

1. 1. I see
   2. vedére
   3. very fine flowers
   4. bello fióre
   5. in your garden,
   6. giardíno
   7. give me
   8. dare
   9. some.

1. 1. I have not many,
   2. avére molto
   3. but what there are,
   4. ma quel [2]
   5. are at your service.
   6. servízio.

1. 1. I have but
   2. fifteen or sixteen,
   3. quindici sedici
   4. as you see.
   5. vedére.

1. 1. You may take
   2. potére pigliáre
   3. a dozen,
   4. dozzina
   5. if you please.
   6. piacére.

1. 1. What will you
   2. volére
   3. have me do
   4. fare
   5. with them?

1. 1. You may give
   2. dare
   3. some to
   4. your daughters.
   5. vostro figlia.

1. 1. Do they talk
   2. [3] parláre
   3. of the war
   4. guerra
   5. in your town?
   6. città?

1. 1. They talk of it
   2. all over
   3. tutto
   4. the island.
   5. ísola.

1. 1. And what
   2. do they think of
   3. crédere
   4. our neighbours’ intentions?
   5. vicíno intenzióne?

1. 1. They know
   2. sapére
   3. very little
   4. poco
   5. about them
   6. here.
   7. quì.

[1] Non ne dubito punto.

[2] See Gram. p. 151, on the conjugation of there is, &c.

[3] See Gram. p. 215, on it is, they, &c.