CHAPTER IV. FOOTNOTES.
[130.] The boundaries of the charters contained in first two volumes of the Codex Div. are collected in the Appendix to vol. iii. After this they are given with the charters.
[131.] Hist. Monasterii de Abingdon, vol. i. p. 57.
[132.] Codex Dip. cclxxii. 'grenan hlinc,' cccliii. 'hlinces,' ccclxxvii. 'ealde gare quod indigenæ nane monnes land vocant.' (See also dlxx. 'nane mannes land'), cccxcix. 'furlang,' ccccvii. 'forlang,' 'heued lande,' ccccxiii. 'furlang,' 'hlinces,' ccccxiv. 'mær hlinces,' ccccxvii. 'forerth akere,' ccccxviii. 'furlanges,' ccccxix. and xx. 'foryrthe,' 'greatan hlinces,' and so on. Instances are equally numerous in the Abingdon charters and those of the Liber de Hyda. For linces, see Hist. Abingdon, i. pp. 111, 147, 158, 188, 259, 284, 315, 341, 404. Liber de Hyda, pp. 86, 103, 107, 176, 235, 239.
[133.] Laws of King Ine. Ancient Laws, &c., of England, Thorpe, p. 55.
[134.] It will be remembered that Lammas land is divided into strips for the hay crop. In the Winslow Rolls, in the list of strips included in the virgate of John Moldeson were some strips or doles of meadow—hence dǽl and gedál-land. That gedal-land = open fields divided into strips, see Hist. Abingdon (p. 304), where there is a charter, A.D. 961, making a grant of '9 mansas' and 'thas nigon hida lieggead on gemang othran gedal-lande, feldes gemane and mæda gemane and yrthland gemane.'
[135.] Vol. i. pp. 349–352.
[136.] So also see Codex Diplomaticus, dii. and dxvi., and cccclxvii. and cccxxxv.
[137.] Vol. i. p. 384. Compare also the boundaries of Draitune, 'æcer under æcer,' p. 248. Also the same expression, pp. 350 and 353.
[138.] See, with regard to this donation, Kemble's Saxons in England, c. x.; and Stubbs' Const. Hist. i. pp. 262–71.
[139.] Thorpe, p. 328. 'Item—Ut unicuique æcclesiæ vel una mausa integra absque alio servitio adtribuatur, et presbiteri in eis constituti non de decimis, neque de oblationibus fidelium, nec de domibus, neque de atriis vel ortis juxta æcclesiam positis, neque de præscripta mansa, aliquod servitium faciant præter æcclesiasticum; et si aliquid amplius habuerint, inde senioribus suis secundum patriæ morem, debitum servitium impendant.'
[140.] See especially the Survey Middlesex, and supra pp. 92–95.
[141.] Thorpe, p. 146.
[142.] Thorpe, p. 146.
[143.] Ibid. p. 144. So also in the Laws of Cnut, 'The tenth acre as the plough traverses it.' Thorpe, p. 156.
[144.] Ibid. p. 111.
[145.] D. i. 38b. Wallope (Hants). 'Ibi æcclesia cui pertinet una hida et medietas decimæ manerii et totum Cirset, et de decima villanorum XLVI. denarii et medietas agrorum.'
'Ibi est adhuc æcclesiola, ad quam pertinent viii. acræ de decima.'
[146.] (5) The breadth of a boundary (fin) between two trevs, if it be of land, is a fathom and a half. . . .
(7) Between two erws, two furrows (Ancient Laws, &c., of Wales, p. 373). 'The boundary (tervyn) between two erws, two furrows, and that is called a balk (synach).' (P. 525.)
[147.] Ancient Laws: Venedotian Code, pp. 81 and 90. Leges Wallicæ, p. 831.
[148.] Ancient Laws, p. 263 (Dimetian Code); p. 374 (Gwentian Code).
[149.] Ancient Laws, p. 153. (Venedotian Code.)
XXIV. Of Co-tillage this treats.
1. Whoever shall engage in co-tillage with another, it is right for them to give surety for performance, and mutually join hands; and, after they have done that, to keep it until the tye be completed: the tye is twelve erws.
2. The measure of the erw, has it not been before set forth?
3. The first erw belongs to the ploughman; the second to the irons; the third to the exterior sod ox; the fourth to the exterior sward ox, lest the yoke should be broken; and the fifth to the driver: and so the erws are appropriated, from best to best, to the oxen, thence onward, unless the yoke be stopped between them, unto the last; and after that the plough erw, which is called the plough-bote cyvar; and that once in the year
· · · · ·
10. Every one is to bring his requisites to the ploughing, whether ox, or irons, or other things pertaining to him; and after everything is brought to them, the ploughman and the driver are to keep the whole safely, and use them as well as they would their own.
The driver is to yoke in the oxen carefully, so that they be not too tight, nor too loose; and drive them so as not to break their hearts: and if damage happen to them on that occasion, he is to make it good; or else swear that he used them not worse than his own.
12. The ploughman is not to pay for the oxen, unless they be bruised by him; and if he bruise either one or the whole, let him pay, or exonerate himself. The ploughman is to assist the driver in yoking the oxen; but he is to loosen only the two short-yoked.
13. After the co-tillage shall be completed, every one is to take his requisites with him home.
· · · · ·
16. If there should be a dispute about bad tillage between two co-tillers, let the erw of the ploughman be examined as to the depth, length, and breadth of the furrow, and let every one's be completed alike.
· · · · ·
28. Whoever shall own the irons is to keep them in order, that the ploughman and driver be not impeded; and they are to have no assistance.
The driver is to furnish the bows of the yokes with wythes; and, if it be a long team, the small rings, and pegs of the bows.
See also Gwentian Code, p. 354; and the Leges Wallice, p. 801.
[150.] Ancient Laws, &c., p. 150, Venedotian Code. The worth of 'winter tilth of a cyvar two legal pence;' and so p. 286, Dimetian Code.
P. 153. 'The plough erw, which is called the ploughbot cyvar.'
P. 354, Gwentian Code. 'The worth of one day's ploughing is two legal pence.'
[151.] Ancient Laws, &c., p. 134.
[152.] See Du Cange under 'Diurnalis,' who quotes a passage of A.D. 704.
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