E.
[Eberhard], ii. [300 n.]
[Eclipse], foretold by Thales, i. [4 n.];
Anaximander’s doctrine, [6 n.];
Pythagoras’, [14 n.];
Herakleitus’, [32].
[Education], who is to judge what constitutes, ii. [142];
combined with polity by Plato, Xenophon, Aristotle, iv. [142], [185], [337];
on principle that every citizen belongs to the city, [186];
precautions in electing Minister of, [338];
of men compared by Sokrates with training of inferior animals, iii. [62 n.];
bad, of kings’ sons, iv. [312];
training of boys and girls, [348];
by music and gymnastic, [23];
musical training excites love of the beautiful, [27];
importance of music, [305];
views of Xenophon, Polybius, Aristotle, [ib.];
music, Platonic sense, [149];
by fictions as well as by truth, [24];
actual place of poetry in Greek, compared with Plato’s ideal, [149-153];
type for narratives about men, [26];
songs, music, and dancing to be regulated, [25], [289], [291], [349];
to keep emotions in a proper state, [169];
prizes at festivals, [292], [337];
but object of training, war, not prizes, [358];
only grave music allowed, [26], [168];
music and gymnastic necessary to correct each other, [29];
gymnastic imparts courage, [ ib.];
training to ascend to the idea of good, [61];
purpose, [69];
studies introductory to philosophy, [70-74], [206];
difference in Leges, [275 n.];
arithmetic, [423];
awakening power, [70];
stimulus from contradiction of one and many, [72];
geometry, [423];
conducts mind towards universal ens, [72];
value of arithmetic and geometry, [352];
by concrete method, [353 n.];
particulars to be brought under the general forms, [423];
astronomy, [422];
object of teaching, [354];
by ideal figures, not observation, [72];
acoustics, by applying arithmetical relations and theories, [74];
of Nocturnal Counsellors, [420], [424];
exercises in dialectic, [76];
Plato’s remarks on effect of, [207];
age for studies, [76], [350];
philosophy should not be taught at a very early age, [60], [76];
Republic contradicts other dialogues, [207-211];
same training for men and women, [77];
maintained in Leges, and harmonises with ancient legends, [195];
contrast with Aristotle, [194];
public training at Sparta and Krete, [279];
Plato’s scheme fails from no training for Demos, [186];
Xenophon’s scheme, i. [ 226-31];
geometry and physics, Aristippus’ contempt for, [186], [192].
[Ego], and Mecum or non-ego, antithesis of, iii. [132 n.], [144 n.]
[Egyptians], iv. [330 n.], [352], [353 n.], [415 n.];
priests, historical knowledge of, [266], [268];
causes, [271];
Plato’s reverence for regulations of, [267 n.]
Εἰρωνεία, characteristic of Sokrates and Sophists, iii. [217 n.]
[Eleatic] philosophy, i. [ 16-26], [ 93-103];
Leukippus, [65];
relation to atomic theory, [ib.];
theory of vision, iv. [237 n.];
compared with Hindoo philosophers, i. [160 n.]
[Elements], the four, not primitive, iv. [238];
varieties of each, [242];
forms of the, [238];
geometrical theory of, [240];
Aristotle on, [241 n.];
a fifth added, [ib. n.], [421].
[Emotions], appealed to in the Kriton, i. [433];
Bain on the Tender, ii. [188 n.];
a degenerate appendage of human nature, [126], iii. [389];
implication of intelligence and, [374];
antithesis of science and, [61], [195], [196 n.];
the tender and aesthetic, no place for, in tripartite division of soul, iv. [149 n.];
poet’s appeal to, disturbs the rational government of the mind, [92], [152], [349];
restrictions on music and poetry, to keep emotions in a proper state, [169], [347];
similitude of, in all, but dissimilarity of objects, i. [452 n.]
[Empedokles], of universal pretensions, i. [47];
doctrines, [38];
four principles, [ib.];
dissents from Ionic School and Herakleitus, [ib.], [48];
denies φύσις (in sense of γένεσις), [38 n.];
compared with Anaxagoras, [52];
Anaximander, [54];
the moving forces, Love and Enmity, [39];
modern attraction and repulsion, [40 n.];
physics, [38];
predestined cycle, [39];
Chaos, ib., [54];
was aware of effect of pressure of air, [44 n.];
movements of the blood, [43];
illustrated respiration by Klepsydra, [44 n.];
perception, [44], iv. [235 n.];
contrary to Anaxagoras, i. [58];
knowledge of like by like, [44];
God, [40 n.], [42];
dæmons, [47];
religious mysticism in, [47 n.];
claims magical powers, [47];
sacredness of life, metempsychosis, [46];
friendship, ii. [179];
deplores impossibility of finding out truth from shortness of life, i. [47];
influence on Aristotle, [91];
doctrines identified by Plato with Homo Mensura, iii. [114], [115].
[Ends], science of, postulated, ii. [32], [169];
dimly indicated by Plato, [148];
correlation with the unknown Wise Man, [149];
distinction of, iii. [374 n.];
no common, among established νόμιμα, [282 n.]
[Energy], analogous to guardians in state, iv. [39];
Aristotle’s ἐνέργεια, ii. [355].
[Ens], of Xenophanes, i. [17];
of Parmenides, [66], iii. [58];
combines extension and duration, i. [19];
and Non-Ens, an inherent contradiction in human mind, [20];
alone contains truth — phenomena, probability, [24];
erroneously identified by Aristotle with Heat, [ ib. n.];
Zeno, [93];
Gorgias the Leontine, [103-4];
Demokritus, [67];
contraries the Pythagorean principles of, [15 n.];
an intermediate predicate, iii. [94];
theories of philosophers about, [200], [231];
materialists and idealists, [202];
of Plato, comprehends objects of perception and of conception, [229], [231];
is ens one or many, [201];
difficulties about non-ens and ens equally great, [ ib.], [206];
is equivalent to potentiality, [204];
includes both the unchangeable and the changeable, [205];
a tertium quid, distinct from motion and rest, [206];
philosopher lives in region of ens, — Sophist, of non-ens, [208];
non-ens, [331];
different views about, [243 n.];
its different meanings in Plato, [181 n.];
non-ens inconceivable, [200];
five forms examined, [208], [231-5];
a real form, not contrary to, but different from, ens, [211], [233];
inter-communion of forms of non-ens and of proposition, opinion, judgment, [213], [214], [235];
non-ens in Sophistês different from other dialogues, [242];
Plato’s view of non-ens, [ib. n.], [249 n.];
unsatisfactory, [ib. n.];
alone knowable, non-ens unknowable, iv. [49];
what is between ens and non-ens, the object of opinion, [ ib.];
fundamental distinction of ens from fientia, [219];
see [Relativity], [Ontology].
[Entities], quadruple distribution of, iii. [346];
Cudworth’s immutable, [74 n.]
[Epicharmus], i. [9].
[Epiktêtus], on authority, i. [388 n.];
objective and subjective, [451 n.];
φιλόσοφος and ἰδιώτης, iv. [104 n.];
scheme conformable to nature, i. [162 n.]
[Epikurus], garden, i. [255 n.];
school and library, [269 n.];
Symposion of, iii. [22 n.];
developed Aristippus’ doctrines, i. [198];
identity of good and pleasure, ii. [315 n.], [355 n.], iii. [374], [377 n.], [387 n.], iv. [301];
scheme conformable to nature, i. [163 n.];
on justice, iv. [130 n.];
antithesis of speculative and political life, ii. [368 n.];
immortality of the soul, [425 n.];
against repulsive pictures of Hades, iv. [155 n.];
prayer and sacrifice, [395];
agreement with Demokritean doctrine of chance, i. [73 n.];
Plato’s theology compared with, iv. [161].
[Epimenidês], date, iv. [311 n.]
[Epimêtheus], ii. [268].
Epinomis, its authorship, i. [299 n.], [306], [307], [309];
represents Plato’s latest opinions, iv. [421 n.], [424 n.];
gives education of Nocturnal Counsellors, [420], [424];
soul prior to and more powerful than body, [421];
genesis of kosmos, [ ib.];
five elements, [240 n.], [421];
wisdom, [ib.];
theological view of astronomy, [ib.];
arithmetic and geometry, proportionals, [423];
particulars to be brought under the general forms, [423].
Ἐπιστήμη, relation to αἴσθησις, iii. [164 n.];
see [Science].
[Epistles], Plato’s, i. [333 n.];
genuineness, [306-7], [309], [349 n.];
written when old, [262];
valuable illustrations of his character, [339 n.];
intentional obscurity as to philosophical doctrine, [350], [353 n.]
Ἐπιθυμία, derivation, iii. [302 n.]
[Equivoques], ii. [8 n.], [214], iii. [29];
Sokrates does not distinguish, ii. [279];
Aristotle more careful than Plato, [170], [279 n.];
fallacies of equivocation, [212], [352 n.];
gain, [82];
know, [213 n.];
εὖ ζῆν and εὖ πράττειν, [216 n.], [352 n.];
Nature, [341 n.], iv. [194];
Cause, ii. [404], [409], [410 n.];
Good, [406], iii. [370];
Ens, [231];
Unum, Ens, Idem, Diversum, &c., [94];
Pleasure, [379 n.];
Justice, iv. [102], [120], [123], [125].
[Eranos], meaning, iv. [400 n.];
Plato inconsistent, [399].
[Erasistratus], iv. [259 n.]
[Erastæ], authenticity, i. [306-7], [309], [315], ii. [121];
subject and interlocutors, [111];
vivacity, [116];
philosophy the perpetual accumulation of knowledge, [112];
how to fix the quantity, [113];
philosophy not multiplication of learned acquirements, [114];
special art for discriminating bad and good, [115], [119];
supreme, [120];
the philosopher its regular practitioner, [115];
the philosopher, second best in several arts, [114];
Aristotle’s σοφία and φρόνησις, [120 n.];
relation of second-best man to regular practitioner, [113], [115], [118];
supposed to point at Demokritus, [ ib.];
humiliation of literary erastes, [116].
[Eretrian] school, transcendental, not ethical, i. [121];
qualities non-existent without the mind, iii. [74 n.];
Phædon, i. [148];
Menedêmus, [ib.], [149].
[Eristic] and dialectic, ii. [221 n.];
Aristotle’s definition, [210].
[Eros], differently understood, necessity for definition, iii. [29];
derivation, [308 n.];
contrast of Hellenic and modern sentiment, [1];
erotic dialogues, Phædrus and Symposion, [ ib.];
as conceived by Plato, [ ib.], [4], [11];
inconsistent with expulsion of poets, [3 n.];
purpose of Symposion, to contrast Plato’s with other views, [8];
views of interlocutors in Symposion, [9];
a Dæmon intermediate between gods and men, [9];
but in Phædrus a powerful god, [ ib. n.], [11 n.];
the stimulus to improving philosophical communion, [4], [6], [18];
Phædon, Theætêtus, Sophistês, Republic, [ ib.];
exaltation of, in a few, love of Beauty in genere, [7], [15];
analogy to philosophy, [10], [11], [14];
disparaged, then panegyrised, by Sokrates in Phædrus, [11];
a variety of madness, [ib.];
Sokrates as representative of Eros Philosophus, [15], [25];
Xenophon’s view, [ ib.]
[Ethics], diversity of beliefs, noticed by the ancients, i. [378], iii. [282 n.];
hostility to novel attempts at analysis, i. [387 n.];
Sokrates distinguished objective and subjective views, [451];
subjective unanimity coincident with objective dissent, [ ib.];
Aristophanes connects idea of immorality with free thought, iv. [166];
the matter of ethical sentiment variable, the form permanent, [203];
Pascal on, i. [231 n.];
with political and social life, topic of Sokrates, [376], ii. [362], iii. [113];
self-regarding doctrine of Sokrates, ii. [349], [354 n.];
order of problems as conceived by Sokrates, [299];
to do, worse than to suffer, evil, [326], [332], [338], [359];
no man voluntarily does, iv. [249], [365-7];
ἁμαρτήματα and ἀδικήματα distinguished, [365], [367];
and politics treated together by Plato, [133];
apart by Aristotle, [138];
Sokrates and Plato dwell too exclusively on intellectual conditions, ii. [67], [83];
rely too much on analogy of arts, and do not note what underlies epithets, [68];
Plato blends ontology with, iii. [365];
forced conjunction of kosmology and, [391];
physiology of Timæus subordinated to ethical teleology, iv. [257];
different points of view in Plato, ii. [167];
modern theories, intuition, [348];
moral sense, not recognised in Gorgias and Protagoras, [ib.];
permanent and transient elements of human agency, [353-5];
τὰ ἀνθρώπινα, iv. [302 n.];
the permanent, and not immediate satisfaction, the end, ii. [360];
τὸ ἕνεκά του confused with τὸ διά τι, [182 n.];
basis in Republic imperfect, iv. [127-32];
Plato more a preacher than philosopher in the Republic, [131], [132];
purpose in Leges, to remedy all misconduct, [369];
of Demokritus, i. [82];
see [Cynics], [Kyrenaics], [Epikurus], &c.
[Etymology], see [Name].
[Eubulides], sophisms of, i. [128], [133].
[Eudemus], iv. [255];
Proklus borrowed from, i. [85 n.]
[Eudoxus], i. [255];
identity of good and pleasure, ii. [315 n.], iii. [375 n.], [379 n.]
[Eukleides], i. [116];
enlarged summum genus of Parmenides, iii. [196 n.];
blended Parmenides with Sokrates, i. [118];
Good, iii. [365], i. [119], [127 n.];
nearly Plato’s last view, [120].
Εὐπραγία, equivoque, ii. [8 n.], [352 n.]
[Euripides], Bacchæ analogous to Leges, iv. [277], [304 n.];
Hippolytus illustrates popular Greek religious belief, [163 n.]
[Eusebius], i. [384 n.], iv. [160 n.], [256 n.]
Euthydêmus, authenticity, i. [306], ii. [195];
date, i. [308-11], [312], [315], [320], [325 n.], ii. [227 n.], iii. [36 n.];
scenery and personages, ii. [195];
dramatic and comic exuberance, [ib.];
purpose, i. [309 n.], ii. [198], [204 n.], [211], i. [128];
Euthydêmus and Dionysodorus do not represent Protagoras and Gorgias, ii. [202];
ironical admiration of Sophists, [208];
earliest known attempt to expose fallacies, [216];
the result of habits of formal debate, [221];
character drawn of Sokrates suitable to its purpose, [203];
possession of good things, without intelligence, useless, [204];
intelligence must include making and use, [205];
fallacies of equivocation, [212], iii. [238 n.];
à dicto secundum quid ad dictum simpliciter, ii. [213], [214];
extra dictionem, [215];
involving deeper logical principles, [ ib.];
its popularity among enemies of dialectic, [222];
the epilogue to obviate this inference, [223];
Euthydêmus the representative of dialectic and philosophy, [226];
disparagement of half-philosophers, half-politicians, [224];
Plato’s view untenable, [229];
is Isokrates meant? [227], iii. [38 n.];
no teacher can be indicated, ii. [225];
compared with Parmenidês, [200];
Republic, Philêbus, Protagoras, [208], iii. [373 n.]
Euthyphron, date of, i. [457 n.];
its Sokratic spirit, [449];
gives Platonic Sokrates’ reply to Melêtus, Xenophontic compared, [441], [455];
a retort against Aristophanes, [442];
interlocutors, [437];
Euthyphron indicts his father for homicide, [438], ii. [329 n.];
as warranted by piety, i. [439];
acts on Sokratic principle of making oneself like the gods, [440];
Holiness, [439];
answer by a particular example, [444];
not what pleases the gods, [445], [448], [454];
Sokrates disbelieves discord among gods, [440];
why gods love the Holy, [446];
not a branch of justice, [447];
for gods gain nothing, [448];
holiness not a right traffic between men and gods, [ib.];
dialogue useful as showing the subordination of logical terms, [455].
[Evil], to do, worse than to suffer, ii. [326], [332], [338], [359];
contrast of usual with Platonic meaning, [331];
the greatest, ignorance mistaking itself for knowledge, iii. [197];
great preponderance of, iv. [25], [262 n.], [390];
gods not the cause of, [24];
the good and the bad souls at work in the universe, [386];
man the cause of, [234];
inconsistency, [ib., n.];
diseases of mind arise from body, [250];
no man voluntarily wicked, ii. [292], iv. [249], [ 365-7];
done by the good man wilfully, by the bad unwillingly, ii. [61];
three causes of misguided proceedings, iv. [366];
see [Good], [Virtue], [Body].
Ἕξις, Aristotelic, ii. [355].
[Existence], notion of, iii. [135 n.], [205], [226], [229], [231].
[Experience], Zeno’s arguments not contradictions of data generalized from, i. [100];
Plato’s theory of pre-natal, ii. [252];
operation of pre-natal on man’s intellectual faculties, iii. [13];
reminiscence of pre-natal knowledge gained by, [17];
post-natal not ascertained and measured by him, ii. [252];
no appeal to observation or, in studying astronomy and acoustics, iv. [73], [74];
see [Sense].
[Expert], authority of public judgment, nothing, of Expert, everything, i. [426], [435];
opposition to Homo mensura, iii. [135], [143];
different view, i. [446 n.];
correlation with undiscovered science of ends, ii. [149];
is never seen or identified, [117], [142];
how known, [141];
Sokrates himself acts as, i. [436];
the pentathlos of Erastæ, ii. [119 n.];
finds out and certifies truth and reality, [87], [88];
badness of all reality, iii. [330];
required to discriminate pleasures, ii. [345];
as dialectician and rhetorician, iii. [39];
impracticable, [42];
true government by, [ 268];
postulated for names in Kratylus, [329].