G.
[Gain], double meaning of, ii. [82];
no tenable definition found, [ib.], [83];
see [Hipparchus].
[Galen], relation to Plato, iv. [258];
soul threefold, [ib.];
a κρᾶσις of bodily elements, ii. [391 n.];
immortal, [423 n.], [427];
on Philêbus, iii. [365 n.];
belief in legends, iv. [153 n.];
Plato’s theory of vision, [237 n.];
structure of apes, [257 n.]
[Galuppi, Pascal], iii. [118].
[General] maxims readily laid down by pre-Sokratic philosophers, i. [69 n.];
terms vaguely understood, [398 n.], [452 n.], ii. [49 n.], [166], [242], [279 n.], [279], [341 n.];
Mill on, [48 n.];
hopelessness of defining, [186 n.]
[Generals], Greek, no professional experience, ii. [134].
[Generic] and specific terms, distinction unfamiliar in Plato’s time, ii. [13];
and analogical wholes, [48], [193 n.], iii. [365];
unity, how distributed among species and individuals, [339], [346].
[Genius], why not hereditary, ii. [271], [272], [274].
[Geometry], Pythagorean, i. [12];
modern application, [10 n.];
subject of Plato’s lectures, [349 n.];
value of, iv. [352], [423];
Lucian against, i. [385 n.];
successive stages of its teaching illustrate Platonic doctrine, [353];
twofold, iii. [359], [395];
pure and applied mathematics, [396 n.];
Aristotle’s view of axioms of, i. [358 n.];
from induction, iv. [353 n.];
painless pleasures of, iii. [356], [388 n.];
and dialectic, two modes of mind’s procedure applicable to ideal world, iv. [65];
geometry, assumes diagrams, [ib.];
conducts mind towards universal ens, [72];
uselessness of written treatises, ii. [136];
proportionals, iv. [224 n.], [241 n.], [423];
geometrical theory of the elements, i. [349 n.], iv. [240];
Aristotle on, [241 n.];
Kyrenaic and Cynic contempt for, i. [155], [186], [192].
Gfrörer, iv. [256 n.]
[Gods], derivation of θεοί, iii. [300 n.];
Xenophanes, i. [16], [119 n.];
Parmenides, [19], [24];
Empedokles, [40 n.], [42], [47];
Anaxagorean Nous represented later as a god, [54];
Diogenes of Apollonia, [64 n.];
Demokritus, [81];
Sokrates, [414], [440], ii. [28];
Plato’s proofs of existence of, iv. [385], [389], [419];
locality assigned to, [230 n.];
fabricated men and animals, ii. [268];
possess the Idea of cognition, iii. [66], [67 n.];
free from pleasure and pain, [389];
do not assume man’s form, iv. [25], [154 n.];
Lucretius on, [ ib.];
cause good only, [24];
no repulsive fictions to be tolerated about, [25], [154];
Dodona and Delphi to be consulted for religious legislation, [34], [137 n.], [325], [337];
τὰ θεῖα, [302 n.];
primary and visible gods, [229];
secondary and generated gods, [230];
Plato’s dissent from established religious doctrine, [161], [163];
Plato compared with Epikurus, [161], [395];
Plato’s view of popular theology, [238 n.], [328], [337];
popular Greek belief, well illustrated in Euripides’ Hippolytus, [163 n.];
God’s φθόνος, [164 n.];
Aristotle, [395];
see [Demiurgus], [Religion], [Inspiration].
[Gold], makes all things beautiful, ii. [41].
[Good], Demokritus’ theory, i. [82];
the Pythagorean καιρός, first cause of, iii. [397 n.];
an equivoque, [370];
and pleasurable, as conceived by the Athenians, ii. [371];
contrast of usual with Platonic meaning, [331], [335];
universal desire of, [243], [324], iii. [5], [335], [371], [392 n.];
akin, evil alien, to every one, ii. [183];
alone caused by gods, iv. [24];
its three varieties, ii. [306 n.], [350 n.], iv. [12], [116], [428];
Eros one, iii. [5];
as object of attachment, ii. [194];
the four virtues the highest, and source of all other goods, iv. [428];
is the just, honourable, expedient, ii. [7];
not knowledge, [29];
is gain, [72-6];
True and Real coalesce in Plato’s mind, [88];
Campbell on erroneous identification of truth and, iii. [391 n.];
the primum amabile, ii. [181], [191];
approximation to Idea, [192];
Indifferent friend to, [180], [189];
pleasure is, [289], [306 n.], [347 n.];
agreement with Aristippus, i. [ 199-202];
meaning of pleasure as the summum bonum, iii. [338];
the permanent, and not immediate satisfaction, the end, ii. [360];
Sokrates’ reasoning, [307];
too narrow and exclusively prudential, [309];
not Utilitarianism, [310 n.];
not ironical, [314];
compared with Republic, [310];
Protagoras, [345];
coincidence of Republic and Protagoras, [350 n.];
inconsistent with Gorgias, [306], [345];
argument in Gorgias untenable, [351];
Platonic idéal, view of Order, undefined results, [374];
Plato’s view of rhetoric dependent on his idéal of, [374];
is ἀλυπία, iii. [338 n.];
is maximum of pleasure and minimum of pain, iv. [ 293-97], [ 299-303];
at least an useful fiction, [303];
not intelligence nor pleasure, [62];
and happiness, correlative terms in Philêbus, iii. [335];
is it intense pleasure without any intelligence, [338];
or intelligence without pleasure or pain, [ ib.];
intelligence more cognate than pleasure to, [347], [361];
pleasure a generation, therefore not an end, nor the good, [357];
a tertium quid, [339], [361];
intelligence the determining, pleasure the indeterminate, [348];
a mixture, [361];
five constituents, [362];
the answer as to, does not satisfy the tests Plato lays down, [371];
has not the unity of an idea, [365];
Plato’s in part an eclectic doctrine, [366];
special accomplishments oftener hurtful, if no knowledge of the good, ii. [16];
man who has knowledge of, can alone do evil wilfully, [61];
knowledge of, identified with νοῦς, [30];
postulated under different titles, [31];
special art for discriminating, [115];
how known, undetermined, [31], [206];
only distinct answer in Protagoras, [208], [308], [347];
the profitable, general but not constant explanation of Plato, [38];
is essentially relative, iv. [213 n.], i. [185];
Idea of, rules the world of Ideas, as sun the visible, iv. [63], [64];
Aristotle on, [214 n.];
Anaxagoras’ nous, ii. [412];
training to ascend to Idea, iv. [62];
dialectic gives the contemplation of, [75];
rulers alone know, [212];
Idea of, left unknown, [213];
changes in Plato’s views, i. [119];
Eukleides, iii. [365], i. [119], [127 n.];
nearly same as Plato’s last doctrine, [120];
discourse of Sokrates with Aristippus, [184], [185];
Xenophontic Sokrates, iii. [366].
[Gorgias] the Leontine, reasoned against the Absolute as either Ens or Entia, i. [103];
Ens incogitable and unknowable, [104];
contrasted with earlier philosophers, [105];
not represented by Dionysodorus in Euthydemus, ii. [202];
celebrity, [317];
theory of vision, iv. [237 n.]
Gorgias, the date, i. [305-7], [ 308-10], [312], [315], ii. [228 n.], [318 n.], [367];
its general character, discrediting the actualities of life, [355];
reply to, by Aristeides, [371 n.];
upholds independence and dignity of philosophic dissenter, [375];
scenery and person ages, [317];
rhetoric the artisan of persuasion, [319];
a branch of flattery, [321], [370];
citation of four statesmen, [358], [362];
true and counterfeit arts, [322];
multifarious arts of flattery, aiming at immediate pleasure, [357];
despots and rhetors have no real power, [324];
description of rhetors, untrue, [369];
rhetoric is of little use, [329], iii. [410];
Sokrates’ view different in Xenophon, ii. [371 n.];
issue unsatisfactorily put by Plato, [369];
view stands or falls with idéal of Good, [374];
all men wish for Good, [324];
illustration from Archelaus, [325], [333 n.], [334], [336], i. [179];
Plato’s peculiar view of Good, ii. [331], [335];
contrasted with usual meaning, [331];
καλὸν and αἰσχρὸν defined, [327], [334];
definition untenable, [334];
to do, a greater evil than to suffer, wrong, [326], [359];
inconsistent with description of Archelaus, [333];
reciprocity of regard indispensable, [ ib.];
opposition of Law and Nature, [ ib.], [338];
no allusion to Sophists, [339];
uncertainty of referring to nature, [340];
punishment a relief to the wrong-doer, [327], [328], [335];
the only cure for criminals’ mental distemper, [328];
consequences of theory, [336];
analogy of mental and bodily distemper pushed too far, [337];
its incompleteness, [363];
are largest measure, and all varieties, of desire, good, [344];
good and pleasurable as conceived by the Athenians, [371];
good and pleasurable not identical, [345], iii. [380 n.];
argument untenable, ii. [351];
expert required to discriminate pleasures, [345], [347];
idéal of measure, view of order, undefined results, [374];
permanent and transient elements of human agency [353-5];
psychology defective, [354];
temperance the condition of virtue and happiness, [358];
Sokrates resolves on scheme of life, [360];
agreement of Sokrates with Aristippus, i. [200 n.];
Sokrates alone follows the true political art, ii. [ 361-2];
condition of success in life, [359];
danger of dissenter, [ib.];
Sokrates as a dissenter, [364];
claim of locus standi for philosophy, [367];
but indiscriminate cross-examination given up, [368];
mythe respecting Hades, [361];
compared with Protagoras, [270 n.], [306 n.], [345-8], [349-55], iii. [379];
Philêbus, [ib.], [380];
Apology, Kriton, Republic, ii. [362];
Leges, [ib.], iv. [301], [302], [324];
Menexenus, [409];
Xenophontic Sokrates, i. [178], [221].
[Government], natural rectitude of, ii. [89];
Plato does not admit the received classification, iii. [267];
true classification, scientific or unscientific, [268];
monarchy and democracy the mother-polities, iv. [312];
dissent of Aristotle, [ ib. n.];
seven distinct natural titles to, [309];
illustrated by Argos, Messênê, Sparta, [310];
imprudent to found on any one title only, [ ib.];
five types of, [ 78-84];
three constituents of good, [312];
Plato’s idéal, ii. [363];
unscientific, or by many, counterfeit, iii. [268];
genuine, by the one scientific man, [ ib.], [273], iv. [280];
counter-theory in Protagoras, ii. [268], iii. [275];
distinguished from general, &c., [271];
no laws, [269];
practicable only in golden age, iv. [319];
by fixed laws the second best, iii. [270];
excess of energetic virtues entails death or banishment, of gentle, slavery, [273];
true ruler aims at forming virtuous citizens, [272];
standard of ethical orthodoxy to be maintained, [273];
of unscientific forms despotism worst, democracy least bad, [270], [278];
a bad government no government, [281 n.];
timocracy, iv. [79];
oligarchy, [ib.];
democracy, [80];
despot, [81];
education combined with, by Plato, Xenophon, Aristotle, [142];
Sokratic ideal differently worked out by Plato and Xenophon, iii. [273];
Xenophon’s idéal, citizen willing to be ruled, i. [215], [218], [219];
and scientific ruler, [224];
Xenophon’s scheme of, a wisely arranged Oriental despotism, [234];
see [State].
Gräfenhahn, iii. [312 n.]
[Grammar], no formal, existed in Plato’s time, ii. [34 n.], iii. [222].
[Greece], political changes in, during Plato’s life, i. [1];
Greeks all by nature kinsmen, iv. [47].
[Grimm], iii. [314 n.], [329 n.]
[Gruppe], on Leges, iv. [355 n.]
[Guardians], characteristics, iv. [23], [25];
drunkenness unbecoming, [298 n.];
consist of men and women, [41], [46];
syssitia, [359];
communism of, [ib.], [44], [140], [169];
maintenance of city dependent on their habits, character, education, [32], [34], [139], [170], [178];
no family ties, [41], [174-8];
temporary marriages, [44], [175];
object, [198];
number limited, Plato and Aristotle, [178], [198-200];
age for studies, [76];
studies introductory to philosophy, [70-4];
courage seated in, [35];
analogous to reason and energy in individuals, [39];
divided into rulers and auxiliaries, [29];
compared with modern soldiers, [148], [180].
[Gymnastic], art reducible to rule, ii. [372 n.];
measured quantity alone good, [112];
education in, necessary for guardians, iv. [23];
should be simple, [28];
imparts courage, [29];
prizes at festivals, [338];
but object of training, war, not prizes, [358];
music necessary to correct, [29].