CHAPTER I
The Leloaren Cantua and Altobiskar Cantua are given, with English renderings, in Mr. Wentworth Webster's admirable Basque Legends (1879); an exposure of the Altobiskar hoax by the same great authority is printed in the Academy of History's Boletín (1883). Rafael and Pedro Rodríguez Mohedano display much discursive, uncritical erudition in their ten-volumed Historia literaria en España (1768-85), which deals only with the early period. A recent study (1888) on Prudentius by the Conde de Viñaza deserves mention. Migne's Patrologia Latina includes the chief Spanish Fathers. In the fourth volume of Charles Cahier's and Arthur Martin's Nouveaux Mélanges d'archéologie, d'histoire, et de littérature sur le moyen âge (1877) there is a brilliant essay on the Gothic period by the Rev. Père Jules Tailhan, to whom we also owe a splendid edition of the Rhymed Chronicle, the Epitoma Imperatorum (Paris, 1885), by the Anonymous Writer of Córdoba.
For the Spanish Jews, Hirsch Grätz' Geschichte der Juden von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart (Leipzig, 1865-90) is the best guide. Salomon Munk's Mélanges de philosophie juive et arabe (1857) is not yet superseded, and Abraham Geiger's Divan des Castilier Abu'l Hassan Juda ha Levi (Breslau, 1851) contains information not to be found elsewhere. M. Kayserling's Biblioteca Española—Portugeza—Judaica (Strassburg, 1890) is extremely valuable.
Two works by Reinhart Pieter Anne Dozy are authoritative as regards the Arab period: the Histoire des Mussulmans d'Espagne (Leyde, 1861), and the Recherches sur l'histoire politique et littéraire de l'Espagne pendant le moyen âge (1881). The first edition of the Recherches (Leyde, 1849) embodies many suggestive passages cancelled in the reprints. Schack's Poesie und Kunst der Araber in Spanien und Sicilien (Stuttgart, 1877) is a good general survey, a little too enthusiastic in tone; it greatly gains in the Castilian version, made from the first edition, by D. Juan Valera (1867-71). Nicolas Lucien Leclerc's Histoire de la médecine arabe (1876) is of much wider scope than its title implies, and may be profitably consulted on Arab achievements in other fields. Francisco Javier Simonet states the case against the predominance of Arab culture in the preface to his Glosario de voces ibéricas y latinas usadas entre los Muzárabes (1888). D. Julián Ribera's learned Orígenes de la justicia en Aragón (Zaragoza, 1897) deals with the facts in a more judicial spirit. Of special monographs Ernest Renan's Averroès et l'Averroïsme (1866) is a recognised classic. The greater part of the codex from the Convent of Santo Domingo de Silos, now in the British Museum (Add. MSS. 30,853), has been published by Dr. Joseph Priebsch in the Zeitschrift, vol. xix.
As regards the Provençal influence in the Peninsula, Manuel Milá y Fontanals' Trovadores en España (Barcelona, 1887) is a definitive work. Eugène Baret's Espagne et Provence (1857) is pleasing but superficial. Theophilo Braga's learned introduction to the Cancioneiro Portuguez da Vaticana (Lisbon, 1878) is brilliantly suggestive, though inaccurate in detail. The counter-current from Northern France, as it affects the epic, is treated in Milá y Fontanals' Poesía heróico-popular castellana (Barcelona, 1874).