Heath's French and English dictionary

by Jean Louis de Lolme

C

c, n.m., the third letter of the alphabet, c.

c., (ab.) (com.) compte; account.

c’ (contraction of ce, and used only before the verb être), this, it.

ça, adv., here. — et là; here and there, up and down, to and fro.

ça, int., now. — voyons! now, let us see! Or — commencez! come, begin!

ça, pron., (for cela) that. Donnez-moi —; give me that. Comme —; like that; so. Comment vous portez-vous? comme ci comme —; how do you do? only so-so.

cabalant, -e, adj., caballing.

cabale, n.f., cabal; cabala.

cabaler, v.n., to cabal, to plot.

cabaleur, n.m., caballer, intriguer.

cabaliste, n.m., cabalist.

cabalistique, adj., cabalistic.

caban, n.m., cloak with a hood.

cabanage, n.m., camp, hutting.

cabane, n.f., cot, hut, shed, cabin, cottage; flat-bottomed boat on the Loire.

cabaner, v.a., (nav.) to capsize (a boat).

cabaner, v.n., (nav.) to capsize.

cabanon, n.m., cell (prison).

cabaret, n.m., wine-shop, tavern, pot-house; china tea- or coffee-service, liqueur-service, tray; (bot.) asarum. Pilier de —; tavern haunter, tippler. — borgne; pot-house.

cabareti-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., publican, tavern-keeper.

cabas, n.m., basket; cottage bonnet; wicker-work carriage, rumbling-carriage.

☉cabasset, n.m., helmet.

cabéliau, n.m., (ich.) keeling.

cabestan, n.m., capstan, capstern, hand-winch. Grand —; main capstan. — volant; crab. Envoyer un homme au —; to send a man to the capstan (to be punished).

*cabillaud, n.m., (ich.) cod (live cod).

cabine, n.f., (nav.) cabin.

cabinet, n.m., closet, study, cabinet; practice (of a professional man); summer-house; office (of an attorney, a barrister); cabinet, cabinet-council. — de lecture; reading-room. — de toilette; dressing-room. — de bains; bath-room. — d’aisance; water-closet. Affaires de —; chamber practice (of lawyers).

câble, n.m., cable. Filer du —; (nav.) to pay out, to veer more cable; (fig.) to spin out the time. — de remorque; tow-cable. Bitter le —; to bit the cable. Maître —; sheet-cable. — d’affourche; small bower-cable. — de touée; stream-cable.

câblé, n.m., thick cord.

câblé, -e, adj., (arch.) cabled, twisted.

câbleau or câblot, n.m., cablet, small cable; mooring-rope, painter.

câblée, n.f., cable’s length.

câbler, v.a., to twist threads into a cord; to make ropes or cables.

cabliau, n.m. V. cabillaud.

cablogramme, n.m., cablegram.

caboche, n.f., pate, noddle, nob; head-piece, hobnail. Grosse —; logger-head. Être bonne —; to have a good head-piece.

cabochon, n.m., polished but uncut precious stone; (tech.) fancy brass nail.

cabochon, adj., (of stones) polished only, but uncut.

cabosse, n.f., cacao pod.

cabot, n.m., (ich.) bull-head. V. chabot.

cabotage, n.m., coasting, coasting-trade. Vaisseau de —; coasting-vessel.

caboter, v.n., to coast.

caboteur, n.m., coaster.

cabotier, n.m., coasting-vessel.

cabotin, n.m., (b.s.) strolling player; low comedian.

cabre, n.f., gin; (nav.) sheers.

se cabrer, v.r., to prance, to rear, to rise up; to fly into a passion; to be refractory. Faire se — un cheval; to make a horse rear.

cabrer, v.a., to provoke any one, to make any one fly into a passion; to offend, to shock.

cabri, n.m., kid.

cabriole, n.f., caper; (man.) cabriole.

cabrioler, v.n., to caper, to cut capers.

cabriolet, n.m., cabriolet, cab, gig. — à pompe; curricle. Place de —; cab-stand.

cabrioleur, n.m., caperer.

cabus, adj., (of cabbages) headed.

caca, n.m., child’s excrement. Faire —; to do one’s excrement.

cacade, n.f., (l.u., l.ex.) mess, mistake, failure, mull.

cacao, n.m., cacao, chocolate-nut.

cacaotier or cacaoyer, n.m., cacao-tree.

cacaoyère, n.f., cacao-plantation.

cacatois, n.m., (nav.) royal, mast-top.

cacatois or kakatoès, n.m., (orni.) cockatoo.

caccaber, v.n., to cry (of partridges).

cachalot, n.m., cachalot; spermaceti-whale.

cache, n.f., hiding-place; (hunt.) stake-net.

caché, -e, part., hid, hidden. Ressorts —s; hidden, secret springs. N’avoir rien de — pour quelqu’un; to keep nothing secret from anyone, to have no secrets for. Jeu —; underhand game.

cache-cache, n.m., (n.p.) hide and seek.

cachectique (shèk-), adj., (med.) cachetic.

cache-entrée, n.m., (—, or —-—s) drop (of a key-hole).

cachement (kash-mān), n.m., (l.u.) concealing, hiding.

cachemire, n.m., cashmere.

cache-nez, n.m., muffler, comforter.

*cache-peigne, n.m., (—, or —-—s) head-ornament to conceal the comb.

cacher, v.a., to hide, to secrete, to conceal, to disguise, to lurk; to abscond. Cachez votre jeu; hide your cards. — son jeu; to hide, to mask, one’s play. — son nom, son âge; to conceal one’s name, one’s age. — sa vie; to lead a secluded life.

se cacher, v.r., to hide, to secrete one’s self; to lurk; to abscond.

cachet, n.m., seal (of private individuals); stamp; ticket. Lettre de —; lettre-de-cachet, (arbitrary warrant of imprisonment). — de chiffres, d’armes; seal with a cipher, with a coat of arms. — volant; flying seal. Courir le —; to give private lessons in town, to go about teaching. Son style a un — particulier; his style has a certain stamp, characteristic, character all its own.

cacheté, -e, part., sealed. Soumissions —es; sealed tenders.

cacheter (kash-té), v.a., to seal, to seal up. Cire à —; sealing-wax. Pain à —; wafer.

cachette, n.f., hiding-place. En —; secretly, by stealth.

cacheu-r, -se, n.m.f., sneak, sly-boots.

cachexie (-shè-ksi), n.f., (med.) cachexy.

cachot, n.m., dungeon; (milit.) black hole.

cachotte, n.f., tobacco-pipe without a heel.

cachotterie (-sho-trî), n.f., mysterious ways, secret practice (about trifles).

cachotti-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., mysterious, sly.

cachou, n.m., cachou.

cacique, n.m., cazique or cacique (Indian chief).

cacis. V. cassis.

cacochyme (-shim), adj., (med.) cachochymic.

cacochymie (-shi-), n.f., (med.) cacochymy.

cacoèthe, adj., (med.) (ulcers) malignant, incurable.

cacographie, n.f., cacography.

cacolet, n.m., mule-litter, pannier. En —; on panniered mules.

cacologie, n.f., cacology.

cacophonie, n.f., cacophony.

cacotrophie, n.f., (med.) cacotrophy.

cactier or cactus, n.m., (bot.) torch-thistle, cactus.

cadastral, -e, adj., referring to the register of lands; pertaining to real estate.

cadastre, n.m., register of the survey of lands.

cadastrer, v.a., to survey.

cadavéreu-x, -se, adj., cadaverous, wan, ghastly.

cadavérique, adj., (anat.) of a dead body.

cadavre, n.m., corpse, dead body. C’est un — ambulant; he is a walking ghost.

cadeau, n.m., present, gift. Faire — de; to make a present of.

cadédis (-diss), int., zounds, faith!

cadenas (-nâ), n.m., padlock; clasp, snap. — à secret; secret padlock. Enfermer sous —; to padlock.

cadenasser, v.a., to padlock; to clasp.

cadence, n.f., time (in dancing); (mus.) quivering, shake; (man., harmony) cadence. Aller en —; to keep time.

cadencé, -e, part., cadenced, numbered, harmonious.

cadencer, v.a., to cadence, to harmonize; (mus.) to time, to shake, to trill.

cadène, n.f., (l.u.) chain; chain-gang (of convicts).

cadenette (-nett), n.f., hair-cue, tress (of hair).

cadet, -te, adj., younger, junior (of two). Branche —te; younger branch.

cadet, n.m., (milit.) cadet; younger brother; younger son; junior (of two), (fam.) young fellow. C’est un jeune — de haut appétit; he is an extravagant young gentleman.

cadette, n.f., younger sister, younger daughter; paving stone; long billiard cue.

cadi, n.m., cadi (Turkish judge).

cadis, n.m., sort of woolen serge.

cadisé, n.m., kind of drugget.

cadmie, n.f., (chem., metal.) oxide of zinc.

cadmium, n.m., cadmium.

cadogan, n.m. V. catogan.

cadole, n.f., latch, little bolt.

cadran, n.m., dial-plate, dial.

cadrat, n.m., (print.) quadrat. — creux; quotation.

cadratin, n.m., (print.) M quadrat. Demi —; N quadrat.

cadrature, n.f., (horl.) movement; dial-work.

cadre, n.m., frame (for a picture); (nav. milit.); list of officers; framework; skeleton; limits. Être sur les —; (nav.) to be on the sick list.

cadrer, v.n., to agree, to square with, to tally; to suit, to fit in with.

cadrille, n.f., check, square.

cadriller, v.a., to rule (in squares), to checker.

cadu-c, -que, adj., decrepit; broken-down; decayed, crazy; lapsed, null, void (of legacies); (bot.) deciduous. Age —; decrepit old age. Devenir —; to decay. Legs —; lapsed legacy (barred by limitation). Le mal —; the falling sickness, epilepsy.

caducée, n.m., caduceus, Mercury’s wand; tipstaff.

caducité, n.f., caducity; decay, decline.

cæcum (sékom), n.m., (anat.) cæcum.

cafard, -e, adj., hypocritical, sanctimonious.

cafard, n.m., -e, n.f., canter, hypocrite; tell-tale; humbug, sneak.

cafard, n.m., (ent.) cockroach. V. blatte.

cafarderie, n.f., cant, hypocrisy, false devotion.

cafardise, n.f., (l.u.) piece of hypocrisy; cant.

café, n.m., coffee; coffee-house; coffee (berry). Tasse de —; cup of coffee. Rôtir, moudre, prendre, du —; to roast, to grind, to drink, coffee. — au lait; coffee with milk. — à la crème; coffee with cream. — chantant; music-hall.

caféier, n.m. V. cafier.

caféière, n.f., coffee-plantation.

cafetan, or caftan, n.m., caftan (Turkish garment).

cafetier, n.m., coffee-house keeper.

cafetière, n.f., coffee-pot.

cafier, or caféier, n.m., coffee-tree.

cafre, n.m.f., Caffre.

cage, n.f., cage; coop (for fowls); (tech.) frame; casing, housing. Mettre un homme en —; to put a man in prison, or under lock and key. La belle — ne nourrit pas l’oiseau; all is not gold that glitters.

cagée, n.f., cage-full.

*cagnard, -e, adj., lazy, skulking, slothful.

*cagnard, n.m., -e, n.f., lazy-bones, skulker. C’est un —; he is a skulker, loafer.

*cagnarder, v.n., to loaf.

*cagnardise, n.f., laziness, slothfulness, skulking.

*cagne, n.f., (l.u.) slut.

*cagneu-x, -se, adj., knock-kneed, splay-footed.

cagot, -e, adj., (fam.) bigoted, hypocritical.

cagot, n.m., -e, n.f., (fam.) bigot.

cagoterie, n.f., (fam.) affected devotion, hypocrisy, bigotry.

cagotisme, n.m., (fam.) bigotry, false devotion.

cagoule, n.f., a monk’s cloak.

cague, n.f., Dutch sloop.

cahier, n.m., paper-book; copy-book; quarter of a quire of paper; book (manuscript); sheet. — des charges; specifications. — des frais; bill of costs.

cahin-caha, adv., (fam.) so-so, lamely, poorly, slowly, reluctantly.

cahot, n.m., jerk; jolt of a coach.

cahotage, cahotement, n.m., jolting, jerking.

cahotant, -e, adj., rough, jolting.

cahoter, v.n., to jolt, to toss about.

cahoter, v.a., to jolt, to jog, to jerk.

cahute, n.f., hut, crib, hovel; (nav.) small cabin.

caïc or caïque, n.m., yawl, long-boat, levantine-boat.

caiche, n.f., (nav.) ketch.

caïd, n.m., (—s) Arab military chief or judge.

caïeu, n.m., (hort.) sucker, off-shoot.

*caille, n.f., (orni.) quail.

caillé, adj., curdled, clotted.

*caillé, n.m., curdled milk, curds.

*caillebot, n.m., guelder-rose.

*caillebotis, n.m., (nav.) grating of the hatches.

*caillebotté, -e, part., curdled.

*caillebotte, n.f., mass of curds.

*caillebotter, v.n., to curdle.

*caille-lait, n.m., (—) (bot.) cheese-rennet.

*caillement, n.m., curdling, coagulating.

*cailler, v.a., to curdle, to clot, to curd.

*se cailler, v.r., to coagulate, to turn to curds.

*cailletage, n.m., gossiping, idle talk, tittle-tattle.

*cailleteau, n.m., young quail.

cailleter, v.n., to gossip, to chatter.

*cailletot, n.m., young turbot.

*caillette, n.f., rennet; gossip; chatterer.

*caillot, n.m., clot of blood; coagulum.

*caillotis, n.m., kelp (ashes of seaweed).

*caillot-rosat, n.m., (—s-—s) a kind of pear.

*caillou, n.m., flint, flint-stone, pebble.

*cailloutage, n.m., stoning, graveling, ballasting; flint-ware, pebble-work.

*caillouter, v.a., to macadamize, to gravel, to ballast.

*caillouteu-x, -se, adj., pebbly, flinty.

*cailloutis, n.m., broken stones, gravel; broken flint.

caïmacan, n.m., caimacan (a Turkish officer).

caïman, n.m., American crocodile, caiman.

caimand. V. quémand.

caimander. V. quémander.

caimandeu-r, -se. V. quémandeur.

caïque, n.m. V. caïc.

caisse, n.f., case, box, chest, trunk; coffer, till; cash-room, counting-house; cylinder (of a drum); (anat.) drum (of the ear); body (of a coach); pay-office. — de médicaments; medicine chest. — militaire; military chest. La — du régiment; the regimental chest. Avoir tant d’argent en —; to have so much money in hand. Les —s de l’Etat; the coffers of the state. Livre de —; cash-book. Tenir la —; to keep the cash. — de secours mutuels; sick-fund. — des pensions; pension fund. Faire la —; to make up the cash account. — d’amortissement; sinking fund. — d’épargne; savings-bank. — d’escompte; discounting bank. Grosse —; big drum. Battre la —; to beat the drum. Bander la —; to brace the drum. Tenir la —; to act as cashier. (jest.) Sauver la —; to run off with the till.

caissier, n.m., treasurer, cashier.

caisson, n.m., (milit.), ammunition wagon, caisson, chest; (nav.) locker; (arch.) coffer; compartment ceiling; sunk-panel; (artil.) limber. Les —s des vivres; the provision wagons. — à poudre; powder-chest.

cajoler, v.a., to cajole, to coax, to wheedle.

cajolerie, n.f., cajolery, coaxing, wheedling.

cajoleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., cajoler, coaxer, wheedler.

cal, n.m., callosity; (med.) callus.

calade, n.f., (man.) calade; descent, slope.

calage, n.m., wedging, lowering, sinking.

calaison, n.f., load water line; sea-gauge.

calambour, n.m., calambac (wood).

calamendrier, n.m., (bot.) common wall-germander.

calament, n.m., (min. bot.) calamint.

calaminaire, adj., (l.u.) belonging to calamine.

calamine, n.f., (min.) calamine.

calamite, n.f., (min.) calamite.

calamité, n.f., calamity, distress.

calamiteu-x, -se, adj., distressful, calamitous.

calandrage, n.m., calendering, hot-pressing, mangling.

calandre, n.f., (ent.) weevil; mangle, calender; (orni.) calandra.

calandrer, v.a., to calender, to press, to smooth, to mangle.

calandreur, n.m., mangler, calenderer.

calangue, n.f., (nav.) creek, cove.

calao, n.m., (orni.) horn-bill.

calatrava, n.m., a Spanish military order.

calcaire, adj., calcareous.

calcaire, n.m., limestone.

calcanéum (-om), n.m., (anat.) calcaneum, os calcis, heel-bone.

calcédoine, n.f., (min.) chalcedony.

calcédonieu-x, -se, adj., chalcedonic.

calcin, n.m., calcined glass.

calcinable, adj., calcinable.

calcination, n.f., calcination.

calciner, v.a., to calcine, to burn.

se calciner, v.r., to calcine.

calcis, n.m., (orni.) night-hawk.

calcite. V. chalcite.

calcium (-om), n.m., calcium.

calcographie, n.f., calcography.

calcul, n.m., calculation, ciphering, arithmetic, computation, reckoning, counting, estimate, forecast; design, selfish motive; (med.) calculus; stone in the bladder. — différentiel; differential calculus. — approximatif; rough calculation. Il apprend le —; he learns arithmetic. De — fait; everything included.

calculable, adj., computable, calculable.

calculant, -e, adj., calculating, reckoning; designing.

calculateur, adj., calculating.

calculateur, n.m., calculator, reckoner, accountant; schemer.

calculatoire, adj., calculatory.

calculer, v.a., to calculate, to compute, to reckon, to estimate; to forecast, to contrive, to devise; to determine.

calculeu-x, -se, adj., (med.) calculous.

calculeu-x, n.m., -se, n.f., person affected with calculus.

cale, n.f., (nav.) hold (of a ship); wedge, prop; ducking, keel-hauling (punishment); (tech.) block, quay. — de construction; stocks. — de magasin, d’un quai; slip. À fond de —; at the bottom of the hold. Eau de —; bilge water. Donner la — à un matelot; to give a sailor a ducking. — sèche; dry ducking. Être à fond de —; (fam.) to be hard up, to be at the end of one’s resources.

calebasse, n.f., (bot.) calabash; gourd; (fig. & fam.) pate, nob, noddle.

calebassier, n.m., calabash tree.

calèche, n.f., calash; barouche, open carriage.

caleçon, n.m., drawers, pair of drawers.

caleçonnier, n.m., one who makes drawers.

calédonien, -ne, n. and adj., Caledonian.

caléfacteur, n.m., cooking apparatus, kitchener, cooking-stove.

caléfaction, n.f., calefaction, heating.

calembour, n.m., pun.

calembouriste, n.m., a punster.

calembredaine, n.f., fib, fetch, quibble, subterfuge.

calencar, n.m., a kind of Indian chintz.

calence, n.f., want of work. En —; out of work.

calender (-dèr), n.m., kind of dervis.

calendes, n.f.pl., (antiq.) calends; convocation of the country clergy. Renvoyer aux — grecques; to put off till doomsday.

calendrier, n.m., calendar, almanac. Vieux —; the old calendar (old style). Nouveau —, — grégorien; the new, the Gregorian, calendar.

calenture, n.f., (med.) calenture.

calepied, n.m., toe-clip (bicycle).

calepin, n.m., note-book, memorandum-book.

caler, v.a., (nav.) to lower, to strike; to support, to wedge up. — les voiles; to strike sail. Cale tout! let go amain! — la voile; to yield, to sing small.

caler, v.n., to have more or less draught, to sink. Ce navire cale trop; that ship draws too much water. —; (at marbles) to knuckle down. —; (school) to keep away from.

calfait, n.m., (nav.) calking iron.

calfat, n.m., (nav.) calker.

calfatage, n.m., (nav.) calking.

calfater, v.a., (nav.) to calk.

calfatin, n.m., (nav.) calker’s boy.

calfeutrage, n.m., stopping of chinks.

calfeutrer, v.a., to stop up the chinks, to make air tight.

se calfeutrer, v.r., to be stopped up (of chinks); to be made air tight.

calibre, n.m., caliber, bore (of a gun); caliber, size (of a bullet); diameter of a body; kind, sort, stamp; caliber.

calibrer, v.a., to give the caliber to, to take the caliber of; to proportion.

calice, n.m., chalice, communion-cup; (bot.) calyx, flower-cup; grief, sacrifice. Boire le — jusqu’à la lie; to drink the cup to the dregs. Boire, avaler, le —; to swallow the pill.

calicinal, -e, adj., (bot.) calycinal, calycine.

calicot, n.m., calico; counter-jumper.

califat, n.m., califate, caliphate, kalifate.

calife, n.m., calif, caliph, kalif.

à califourchon, adv., astride, astraddle.

califourchon, n.m., hobby. C’est son —; it is his hobby.

câlin, n.m., -e, n.f., wheedler, cajoler. C’est une petite —e; she is a little wheedler.

câlin, -e, adj., wheedling, cajoling, caressing, coaxing, fondling. Cet homme a l’air —; that man has a wheedling look about him.

câliner, v.a., to fondle, to cajole, to wheedle.

se câliner, v.r., to coddle one’s self, to take one’s ease, to give one’s self up to indolence, to nurse one’s self.

câlinerie, n.f., wheedling, cajolery, fondling, caressing.

caliorne, n.f., (nav.) winding-tackle.

calleu-x, -se, adj., callous, hard, horny.

calligraphe, n.m., caligraphist, good penman.

calligraphie, n.f., caligraphy, calligraphy, penmanship.

calligraphique, adj., caligraphic.

callisthénie, n.f., calisthenics.

callosité (kal-lo-), n.f., callousness; callosity.

calmande, n.f., calamanco; woolen stuff; (ich.) whiff.

calmant, n.m., (med.) composing draught; anodyne, sedative.

calmant, -e, adj., anodyne, calming, soothing.

calmar, n.m., ☉pen-case; (ich.) calamary.

calme, adj., still, quiet, serene, calm; dispassionate, unruffled, composed, collected; (com.) dull.

calme, n.m., stillness, calmness, tranquillity, quiet, calm, composure. — plat; (nav.) dead calm.

se calmer, v.r., to become calm, to calm one’s self; to compose one’s self; to get appeased, to blow over, to subside, to abate.

calmer, v.a., to still, to quiet, to appease, to allay, to pacify, to calm, to soothe.

calmer, v.n., (nav.) to lull, to fall to a calm. Le vent calme; the wind is dropping.

calmie, n.f., (nav.) lull.

calomel or calomélas, n.m., calomel.

calomniat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., calumniator, slanderer.

calomnie, n.f., calumny, slander.

calomnier, v.a., to calumniate, to slander.

calomnieusement (-eûz-mān), adv., calumniously, slanderously.

calomnieu-x, -se, adj., calumnious, slanderous.

calonière, n.f., (pop.) pop-gun. V. canonnière.

calorifère, n.m., hot-air stove or pipe.

calorimètre, n.m., calorimeter.

calorifique, adj., calorific.

calorique, n.m., caloric, heat.

calotte, n.f., calotte, smoking-cap; skull-cap (of priests); (surg.) head-piece; (anat.) pan (of the brain); (arch.) calotte; box on the ears; cap of valve (mech.). La — rouge d’un cardinal; the red calotte of a cardinal. Donner des —s à; to box any one’s ears.

calotter, v.a., to box the ears of.

calottier, n.m., calotte-maker; cap-maker.

caloyer, n.m., caloyer (Greek monk).

calque, n.m., tracing, calquing; imitation, copy.

calquer, v.a., to counter-draw, to trace; to copy, to imitate closely. — à la pointe; to trace with a point. — à la vitre; to counter-draw on glass.

calquoir, n.m., tracing-point.

calumet, n.m., pipe, calumet.

calus (-luss), n.m., callus; callousness; callosity; (med.) callus.

calvaire, n.m., mount Calvary; a calvary.

calvanier, n.m., (agri.) day-laborer, stacker.

calville, n.m., calville (apple).

calvinien, -ne (-i-in, -i-è-n), adj., Calvinistic.

calvinisme, n.m., Calvinism.

calviniste, n.m., Calvinist.

calviniste, adj., Calvinistic.

calvitie (-sî), n.f., baldness. — des paupières; loss of the eye-lashes.

camaïeu, n.f., cameo; (paint.) camaieu; cameo brooch; monotonous play.

*camail, n.m., (—s) hood, capuchin, cardinal (garment); bishop’s purple ornament worn over the rochet.

camaldule, n.m., monk of the Order of St. Benedict.

camarade, n.m.f., comrade, fellow, mate, chum; female companion; playmate, play-fellow; fellow-laborer; fellow-servant. — de collège; college companion. — de classe; school-fellow. — de lit; bed-fellow. — de voyage; fellow-traveler. — de malheur; fellow-sufferer. — de chambre; chum.

camaraderie, n.f., companionship, intimacy, close friendship; coterie, clique; party spirit.

camard, -e, adj., flat-nosed, snub; flat.

camard, n.m., -e, n.f., flat-nosed person. La —e; (pop.) death.

*camarilla, n.f., camarilla (a coterie).

camarine, n.f., (bot.) crow-berry.

cambiste, n.m., cambist.

cambouis, n.m., coom, cart-grease.

cambre, n.f., cambering, curving, arching.

cambré, -e, part., bent, cambering, having a fall (in the back); arched, well-set. Pont de navire —; cambering deck.

cambrer, v.a., to bend, to curve, to arch. — la forme d’un soulier; to give the bend to a last, to block (boots).

se cambrer, v.r., to camber; to take a sweep; to warp; to draw one’s self up (by throwing the chest forward).

*cambrillon, n.m., stiffener (of a shoe).

cambrioleu-r, -se, n.m.f., house-thief; house-breaker; burglar.

cambriolage, n.m., house-entering, house-breaking; burglary.

cambrure, n.f., bend, flexure, incurvation, arch, curve.

cambuse, n.f., (nav.) store-room.

cambusier, n.m., (nav.) steward’s mate, store-keeper.

came, n.f., (conch.) chama; heart-cockle; (tech.) peg-cam; cog. V. chame.

camée, n.m., a cameo.

camélée, n.f., (bot.) widow-wail.

caméléon, n.m., chameleon.

caméléopard, n.m., camelopard.

camélia or camellia, n.m., (bot.) camelia.

cameline, n.f., (bot.) camelina, gold of pleasure.

camelot (-lô), n.m., (stuff) camlet; cheap Jack, peddler, hawker; (of newspapers) news-boy, paper-boy.

camelote (-lott), n.f., worthless merchandise, trash, stuff; bosh.

camelotine, n.f., a sort of camlet.

camérier, n.m., chamberlain (of the pope).

camériste, n.f., maid of honor; waiting-woman, lady’s maid; chambermaid.

camerlingat, n.m., camerlingate (at Rome).

camerlingue, n.m., camerlingo (papal officer).

camion, n.m., minikin-pin; little cart; truck; dray, wagon; (paint.) kettle.

camionnage, n.m., carting, carriage (in a dray).

camionneur, n.m., drayman.

☉camisade, n.f., (milit.) night attack, camisade.

camisard, n.m., Camisard (French Calvinist).

camisole, n.f., petticoat bodice. — de force; strait waistcoat or jacket.

*camomille, n.f., camomile.

camouflet, n.m., whiff of smoke (in the face); affront, snub; rap over the knuckles.

camp (kān), n.m., camp; (fig.) army, party. Lever le —; to break up the camp. Prendre le —; to pack off.

*campagnard, -e, adj., rustic, countrified, rural.

*campagnard, n.m., -e, n.f., countryman, peasant; clodhopper, clown. C’est une —e; she is a hoyden.

*campagne, n.f., country, fields, plain; seat, estate, country-house; field, campaign; (nav.) voyage, cruise. Gens de la —; peasantry. Comédiens de —; strolling players. En pleine or rase —; in the open country, plain. Battre la —; to scour the country; to wander about; to be delirious; to blunder, to bungle. Les armées sont en —; the armies have taken the field. Pièces de —; field pieces. Faire une —; to make a campaign. Ouvrir la —; to open the campaign. Tenir la —; to keep the field. Mettre ses amis en —; to set one’s friends to work. — de croisière; cruising voyage. Être à la —; to be in the country. Être en —; to be in the field; to be at work; to be out (not at home). La — de Rome; the campagna. Parties de —; picnics.

*campagnol, n.m., field-mouse.

campane, n.f., (arch.) bell; (sculp.) ornament with fringe and tassels.

campanelle or campanette, n.f., bell-flower, Canterbury-bell.

campanile, n.m., (arch.) campanile, bell-tower.

campanule, n.f., campanula, bell-flower. — gantelée; throat-wort. — raiponce; rampion bell-flower. — à feuilles rondes; hare-bell.

campanulé, -e, adj., campanulate, bell-shaped.

campé, -e, part., encamped; (fig.) well set up. Bien — sur ses jambes; firmly planted on his legs.

campêche, n.m., (bot.) campeachy wood, logwood, blood-wood.

campement (kānp-mān), n.m., (milit.) encampment, encamping; camp detachment. Matériel de —; camping apparatus. Effets de —; camping baggage.

camper, v.n., to encamp, to pitch tents. Faire — son armée; to encamp one’s army.

camper, v.a., to camp, to seat, to fix, to stand before, to clap down. — là quelqu’un; to leave any one in the lurch.

se camper, v.r., to stand before, to sit down, to clap one’s self down. Il se campa dans un fauteuil; he sat himself down in an arm-chair. — devant une glace; to stand bravely before a mirror.

☉camphorata, n.f. V. camphrée.

camphre, n.m., camphor.

camphré, -e, adj., camphorate, camphorated.

camphrée, n.f., camphorosma.

camphrier, n.m., (bot.) camphor-tree.

campine, n.m., fine fat pullet.

campos, n.m., play-day, holiday, relaxation. Les écoliers demandent —; the boys ask for a holiday. Prendre —; to take a holiday.

camus, -e, adj., flat-nosed; disappointed, baulked; dumbfounded. Un vilain —; an ugly flat-nosed fellow. La —e; (pop.) death, grim death.

*canaille, n.f., rabble, riff-raff, mob; scum; scoundrel; noisy children, brats. Hors d’ici, —! begone, you scoundrel! Vile —; miserable scum. Ces —s de domestiques; these rascally servants!

canaillerie, n.f., blackguardism.

canal, n.m., canal, pipe; conduit, duct; drain; tube; spout; watercourse (of water-mills); channel, bed, strait; (arch.) fluting, means. Creuser un —; to dig a canal. Ce pays est tout coupé de canaux; that country is quite intersected with canals. — latéral, — de dérivation; lateral drain. — de cheminée; chimney-flue. — d’irrigation; trench for irrigation. — thoracique; thoracic duct. — de larmier; (arch.) channel of a coping. Il est le — de toutes les grâces; all favors come through him. Faire —; to cross a strait.

canaliculé, -e, adj., (bot.) channeled, furrowed.

canalisation, n.f., canalization.

canaliser, v.a., to establish canals, to intersect with canals.

canamelle, n.f., (bot.) sugar-cane; reed.

canapé, n.m., sofa, couch.

canaque, adj., Kanaka, wild, savage.

canard, n.m., drake, duck; hoax; water-spaniel. — privé; tame duck. — ordinaire; mallard. Dire des —s à; to hoax. Cet homme est un — privé; that man is a sort of decoy-duck.

canard, -e, adj., for ducks. Bâtiment —; vessel that pitches. Chien —; water-spaniel.

canardeau, n.m., young duck.

canarder, v.a., to shoot from under a shelter; to hoax, to gammon.

canarder, v.n., (nav.) to pitch (of a ship); (mus.) to goose.

☉canardier, n.m., wild-duck shooter; hoaxer.

canardière, n.f., place for catching wild-ducks; loop-hole (to shoot through); duck-gun; decoy-pond.

canari, n.m., canary, canary-bird; flat.

cancan, n.m., tittle-tattle; scandal; tale-bearing; noise; indecent dance. Faire des —s; to tittle-tattle, to invent scandalous stories.

cancaner, v.n., to tattle, to invent scandalous stories; to dance the cancan.

cancani-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., lover of tittle-tattle.

cancer (-sèr), n.m., (med., astron.) cancer.

cancéreu-x, -se, adj., (med.) cancerous.

cancre, n.m., crab, cray-fish; miser; dunce (at school).

cancrelat, n.m., cockroach.

candélabre, n.m., candelabrum, sconce.

candeur, n.f., openness of heart, frankness, candor, ingenuousness.

candi, n.m., sugar-candy, candy.

candi, -e, adj., candied.

candidat, n.m., candidate.

candidature, n.f., candidature.

candide, adj., fair, open, frank, candid, ingenuous, sincere.

candidement (-mān), adv., openly, frankly, candidly.

se candir, v.r., to candy. Faire se —; to candy.

cane, n.f., female duck.

canéficier, n.m., cassia-tree. V. casse.

canepetière, n.f., (orni.) lesser bustard.

canepin (ka-n-pin), n.m., kid skin (for gloves).

caner, v.n., to shirk danger, to funk, to show the white feather.

caner, v.a., to leave undone, shirk.

canescent, -e, adj., (bot.) canescent.

caneter, v.n., to waddle.

caneton (ka-n-ton), n.m., young duck, duckling.

canette, n.f., small duck, young duck; (her.) duck without legs; a measure for beer; (pop.) marbles.

canevas (ka-n-vâ), n.m., canvas; sail-cloth; sketch, rough draught; (mus.) canvas. Tracer son —; to prepare one’s ground-work. Faire le — d’une comédie; to sketch out, to compose the skeleton of a play.

canezou, n.m., woman’s jacket.

☉cangrène, n.f. V. gangrène.

cangue, n.f., a kind of pillory used in China.

caniche, n.m.f., poodle-dog, water-spaniel.

caniculaire, adj., canicular. Les jours —s; the dog-days.

canicule, n.f., dog-days; (astron.) canicule, dog-star.

canif, n.m., penknife.

canin, -e, adj., canine. Dent —e; canine tooth. Lettre —e; the letter R.

caniveau, n.m., (arch.) channel-stone.

cannage, n.m., (l.u.) cane-work; caning.

cannaie, n.f., cane-brake, cane-field.

canne, n.f., walking-stick; long measure; cane, reed; glassblower’s pipe. — à sucre; sugar-cane. — à épée; sword-stick. — à vent; air-gun.

canneberge (-bèrj), n.f., cranberry, moorberry.

cannelas (-lâ), n.m., cinnamon, candied cinnamon.

canneler, v.a., to flute, to channel, to groove.

cannelle, n.f., cinnamon bark. — blanche; canella.

cannelle or cannette, n.f., spigot; tap, cock.

cannelier, n.m., cinnamon-tree.

cannelon (ka-n-lon), n.m., fluted mold (for ices).

cannelure, n.f., channeling, fluting, grooving. — à côtes; fluting with intervals. — avec rudentures; fluting enriched with cables. — à vive arête; fluting without intervals. —s plates; square fluting.

cannequin, n.m., sort of cotton stuff.

*cannetille, n.f., wire-ribbon.

cannibale (can-ni-bal), n.m., man-eater, cannibal.

cannibalisme, n.m., cannibalism; ferocity.

canon, n.m., cannon, gun; cylinder, tube, pipe; barrel (of a gun, of a quill); (ecc.) canon law, rule; catalogue of saints; (mus.) canon; (print.) canon; (man.) canon-bit; leg (of trousers). L’âme d’un —; the chamber of a cannon. La lumière, la culasse, le recul, d’un —; the touch-hole, the breech, the recoil, of a cannon. L’affût d’un —; a gun-carriage. Enclouer un —; to spike a gun. Une pièce de —; a piece of ordnance. Gros —; (print.) canon. Petit —; (print.) two-line English. — de dix livres; ten-pounder. Un coup de —; a cannon-shot. De la poudre à —; gunpowder. Être à portée de —; to be within cannon-shot. Être hors de portée de —; to be beyond cannon range. — de retraite; (milit.) gun-fire; (nav.) stern-chaser. — démarré; cannon drawn in to be loaded. — rayé; rifled gun. À — rayé; rifled, rifle-barreled. — renforcé; cannon whose breech is thicker than its bore. — d’un soufflet; nose, nozzle pipe of a pair of bellows. — de gouttière; spout of a gutter. Les —s d’un concile; the canons of a council. Ecole de droit —; school of canon law. — des Ecritures; the sacred canon. Le — de la messe; the canon of the mass. — enluminé; illuminated canon.

canonial, -e, adj., canonical.

canonicat, n.m., canonry, canonship, prebend; (fig.) sinecure.

canonicité, n.f., canonicity.

canonique, adj., canonical.

canoniquement (-mān), adv., canonically.

canonisation, n.f., canonization.

canoniser, v.a., to canonize.

canoniste, n.m., canonist.

canonnade, n.f., cannonading, cannonade.

canonnage, n.m., gunnery.

canonner, v.a., to attack with heavy artillery, to cannonade.

se canonner, v.r., to cannonade.

canonnier, n.m., gunner.

canonnière, n.f., adj., ☉loop-hole; tent; tilt; drain-hole; pop-gun. —, or chaloupe — (nav.); gun-boat.

canot, n.m., ship’s-boat, cutter, yawl. — de sauvetage; life-boat.

canotage, n.m., boating, aquatics.

canotier, n.m., rower, oarsman; boat-keeper; bargeman; straw hat.

cantabile (-lé), n.m., (mus.) cantabile.

cantal, n.m., cantal (sort of cheese).

cantalabre, n.m., door-case, casing.

cantaloup, n.m., musk-melon.

cantate, n.f., (mus.) cantata.

*cantatille, n.f., cantatilla.

cantatrice, n.f., eminent singer.

cantharide, n.f., (ent.) cantharis, Spanish fly; (pharm.) (pl.) cantharides.

canthus, n.m., (anat.) canthus, corner of the eye.

cantilène, n.f., (mus.) cantilena, melody.

cantine, n.f., bottle-case; (milit.) canteen.

cantini-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., sutler, canteen-woman.

cantique, n.m., song, canticle, hymn.

canton, n.m., canton, district; (her.) canton.

cantonade, n.f., (theat.) wings. Parler à la —; to speak to an actor off the stage; (fig.) to speak to empty benches.

cantonal, -e, adj., cantonal.

cantonné, -e, adj., (arch., her., milit.) cantoned.

cantonnement (-to-n-mān), n.m., (milit.), cantonment.

cantonner, v.a., (milit.) to canton.

se cantonner, v.r., to take up a position, quarters, abode; to fortify one’s self.

cantonner, v.n., (milit.) to be cantoned.

cantonnier, n.m., road-man; (rail.) plate-layer; signal-man.

cantonnière, n.f., signal-woman; valance.

canule, n.f., clyster-pipe, injection tube; faucet, quill; (fig.) bore, plague.

canzone, n.f., (mus.) canzone.

caolin, n.m. V. kaolin.

caoutchouc, n.m., caoutchouc, India-rubber; (bot.) gum-tree.

cap, n.m., cape, headland, point, promontory, foreland; (nav.) head. Doubler un —; to double a cape. Où est le —? (nav.) how is her head? Mettre le — sur; to steer for. Avoir le — au large; to stand off. De pied en —; from top to toe.

capable, adj., able, fit, capable; calculated to, apt to. Il est — de vous desservir; he is capable of doing you an ill office. Il est — de tout; he is capable of any thing. C’est un homme —; he is a clever man. Avoir l’air —; to put on a conceited, bumptious, knowing look. Faire le —; to affect capability, to look as if you were in the know. Prendre un air —; to assume a knowing look.

capablement, adv., (l.u.) ably, skillfully.

capacité, n.f., extent, size, capaciousness; ability, capacity; (nav.) bulk, burden, tonnage. Manquer de —; to lack capacity.

caparaçon, n.m., caparison, trappings.

caparaçonner, v.a., to caparison (a horse).

cape, n.f., cloak with a hood; riding-hood; cape; (nav.) try-sail. Rire sous —; to laugh in one’s sleeve. N’avoir que la — et l’épée; to be titled, but penniless. Roman de — et d’épée; romantic, melodramatic story. Être à la —; (nav.) to try, to be lying to. À la —! bring to!

capéer, v.n., (nav.) to lie to.

capelan, n.m., beggarly priest; (ich.) caplin.

capelet, n.m., (vet.) capped hock.

capeline, n.f., hood; (of armor) capeline.

capendu, n.m., capender (apple).

caperon. V. capron.

capharnaüm, n.f., (—s) (fig. fam.) place of confusion; Babel, bear-garden.

capillaire (-pil-lèr), adj., capillary.

capillaire, n.m., (anat.) capillary; (bot.) maiden-hair; Venus’s-hair. Sirop de —; capillaire.

capillarité, n.f., (phys.) capillarity, capillary attraction or repulsion.

capilotade, n.f., hash, ragout; thrashing, drubbing; slandering. Mettre quelqu’un en —; to beat black and blue.

capitaine, n.m., captain. — d’infanterie; infantry captain. — de cavalerie; captain of cavalry. — de vaisseau; post-captain. — au long cours; captain of a trading vessel (going to foreign parts). — de pavillon; flag-captain. — d’armes; master-at-arms. — de port; harbor-master. Grade de —; captaincy.

capitainerie, n.f., captaincy.

capital, -e, adj., capital, main, chief, leading, important. Les sept péchés capitaux; the seven capital sins. Peine —e; capital punishment.

capital, n.m., capital; principal; stock. Mettre un — à fonds perdu; to sink a capital. Rembourser le —; to reimburse the principal.

capitale, n.f., capital, chief city; capital letter.

capitalisation, n.f., capitalization.

capitaliser, v.a., to capitalize. Se —, v.r., to be capitalized.

capitaliste, n.m., capitalist, moneyed man.

capitan, n.m., braggadocio, swaggerer, bully.

capitane, n.f., (nav.) admiral’s galley.

capitan-pacha, n.m., (—s-—s) Turkish admiral.

capitation, n.f., capitation, poll-tax.

capiteu-x, -se, adj., heady, strong. Bière —se; strong beer. Vin —; heavy wine.

capitole, n.m., Capitol (of Rome, of the United States).

capitolin, adj., capitoline.

capiton, n.m., (com.) cappadine.

capitonner, v.a., to stuff, to pad (armchairs, &c.); to tuft, to button.

☉capitoul, n.m., capitoul (alderman, town-councillor at Toulouse).

☉capitoulat, n.m., capitoulship.

capitulaire, adj., capitulary.

capitulaire, n.m., capitular, capitulary.

capitulairement (-lèr-mān), adv., capitularly.

capitulant, adj., capitulary.

capitulant, n.m., capitular, capitulary.

capitulation, n.f., capitulation; convention, compromise. Amener à une —; to bring to terms. — de conscience; a conscientious compromise.

capitule, n.m., capitule (part of the Liturgy).

capituler, v.n., to capitulate, to compound. — avec sa conscience; to compound with one’s conscience, to silence it by concessions.

caplan, (ich.). V. capelan.

capon, n.m., mean fellow, sneak; cheat, coward; (nav.) cat-tackle. Poulie de —; cat-block.

caponner, v.n., to trick, to cheat; to be cowardly, to hang back.

caponner, v.a., (nav.) to cat (the anchor).

caponnière, n.f., (fort.) rifle-pit.

caporal, n.m., corporal; (of tobacco) sort of “shag.”

capot, n.m., (nav.) hood (of ladders).

capot, adj., capot (at cards); silly. Faire —; to capot, to win all the tricks, to beat hollow. Être —; to have lost all the tricks; (fig.) to look foolish; to be balked. Faire —; (nav.) to capsize, to upset.

capote, n.f., large cloak with a hood; (soldier’s) great-coat; capuchin, hood, mantle.

capraire, n.f., (bot.) goat-weed, capraria.

câpre, n.f., (bot.) caper.

capriçant or caprisant, adj., (med.) bounding, unequal (of the pulse).

caprice, n.m., caprice, whim, humor, freak; fit, flight, sally; (mus.) caprice. Les —s de la mode; the caprices, freaks of fashion. Les —s de la fortune; the fickleness of fortune. Composer de —; to compose when the spirit moves, when the fit is on.

capricieusement (-mān), adv., capriciously, fantastically, whimsically.

capricieu-x, -se, adj., capricious, whimsical, fickle, freakish, skittish.

capricorne, n.m., (astron.) Capricorn; (ent.) capricorn-beetle.

câprier, n.m., (bot.) caper-bush.

caprification, n.f., caprification.

caprifiguier (-ghié), n.m., wild fig-tree.

capripède, n.m., goat-footed; satyr.

capron or caperon, n.m., the hautbois-strawberry.

capronier, n.m., the hautbois-strawberry plant.

capselle, n.f., (bot.) cassweed; shepherd’s pouch.

capsulaire, adj. (bot.) capsulary; (anat.) capsular.

capsule, n.f., (bot.) capsule, pod; (anat.) capsula; percussion, cap (of fire-arms).

☉captal, n.m., chief, lord.

captateur, n.m., (jur.) inveigler (one who uses undue influence).

captation, n.f., inveigling, undue influence, captation.

captatoire, adj., inveigling.

capter, v.a., to court, to coax, to win by bribery. — la bienveillance de quelqu’un; to curry the favor of any one. — les suffrages; to bribe, to win unfairly, to get by bribery.

captieusement (-sieûz-mān), adv., captiously, insidiously, cunningly, deceitfully.

captieu-x, -se (-cieu-), adj., captious, insidious.

capti-f, -ve, adj., captive.

capti-f, n.m., -ve, n.f., captive.

captiver, v.a., to captivate, to charm, to enslave; to bring under. — l’attention; to captivate attention. La beauté qui le captive; the beauty that enslaves him. — la bienveillance; to win any one’s favor.

se captiver, v.r., to lay a restraint upon oneself; to cling to (tenaciously); (fig.) to cringe, to fawn upon.

captivité, n.f., captivity, bondage. Racheter de —; to ransom from captivity.

capture, n.f., capture, seizure; prize, booty.

capturer, v.a., to capture; to apprehend, to arrest.

capuce, n.f., or capuchon, n.m., hood, cowl.

capuchonné, -e, adj., hooded.

capuchonner, v.a., (man.) to arch the neck (of a horse).

capucin, n.m., -e, n.f., capuchin friar, capuchin nun. Tomber comme des —s de cartes; to tumble over one another.

capucinade, n.f., stupid sermon.

capucine, n.f., (bot.) nasturtium; (nav.) standard; band (of a soldier’s musket).

capucinière, n.f., (b.s.) capuchin friary.

capulet, n.m., hood, cap.

caput-mortuum, n.m., (chem.) caput-mortuum; worthless remains.

caquage, n.m., dressing and curing of herrings; barreling (of powder).

caque, n.f., keg, barrel. La — sent toujours le hareng; what is bred in the bone will never come out of the flesh.

caquer, v.a., to cure; to barrel.

caquet, n.m., cackle (of geese, &c.); tittle-tattle, idle talk, gossip, scandal. Avoir bien du —; to be a chatter-box. Rabattre, rabaisser, le — a quelqu’un; to take anyone down a peg or two. — bon bec; dame prattler.

caquetage (kak-taj), n.m., tattling, cackling.

caquète, n.f., carp-tub.

caqueter (kak-té), v.n., to cackle, to chatter, to gossip, to babble.

caqueterie (kak-trî), n.f., babbling, prattling, gossiping.

caqueteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., prattler, tattler, idle prater, gossip.

caqueur, n.m., fish-curer.

car, conj., for, because, as.

carabé, n.m., yellow, amber.

carabin, n.m., saw-bones, medical student.

carabinade, n.f., (l.u.) (student’s, soldier’s) trick; discharge of carbines.

carabinage, n.m., rifling.

carabine, n.f., carbine, rifle.

carabiné, -e, adj., rifled; (nav.) stiff (of the wind).

☉carabiner, v.n., to skirmish.

carabiner, v.a., to rifle a gun-barrel.

carabinier, n.m., carabineer, rifleman.

caraco, n.m., woman’s jacket.

caracole, n.f., (man.) circling caracole. En —; winding.

caracoler, v.n., to caracole, to circle.

caracouler, v.n., to coo. V. roucouler.

caractère, n.m., character, letter, type, print; hand-writing; stamp, badge, mark, dignity, temper, humor, spirit, expression; aspect; (arith.) digit; charm, spell. — lisible; legible print. Beaux —s; fine type. Le — d’un auteur; the stamp of an author. Un homme d’un bon —; a good-natured man. Ne pas démentir son —; to act up to one’s character. Il est sorti de son —; he lost his temper. Avoir, montrer, du —; to have spirit, to show spirit. C’est un homme à —; he is a spirited, determined man.

caractériser, v.a., to characterize, describe, define, mark, distinguish.

caractéristique, adj., characteristic.

caractéristique, n.f., (gram., math.) characteristic; (logarithms) index.

carafe, n.f., decanter, flagon, water-bottle.

carafon, n.m., cooler; small decanter; quarter bottle.

*caragne, n.f., aromatic resin, caranna.

caraïte, n.m., caraite (Jewish sectarian).

carambolage, n.m., (billiards) cannon; (pop.) affray, shindy; (fig.) rebound (against).

caramboler, v.n., (billiards) to cannon.

caramboleur, n.m., good cannon-player.

caramel, n.m., burnt sugar, caramel. — au beurre; butter-scotch, toffee.

carapace, n.f., turtle-shell, carapace.

carapat, n.m., oil of palma Christi.

caraque, n.f., carack (Portuguese Indiaman).

caracas, n.m., cocoa.

carat, n.m., (gold) carat; small diamonds sold by weight.

caratch, n.m. (n.p.), tribute.

caravane, n.f., caravan, convoy. Marcher en —; to walk in a band. Faire ses —s; to lead a dissipated life.

caravanier, n.m., leader of caravan.

*caravansérail, n.m., a caravansary (inn).

caravanséraskier, n.m., keeper of a caravansary.

caravelle, n.f., caravel (Portuguese boat).

carbatine, n.f., green hide, skin.

carbazotique, adj., (chem.) carbazotic.

carbonarisme, n.m., carbonarism.

carbonaro, n.m., carbonaro.

carbonate, n.m., (chem.) carbonate.

☉carboncle. V. escarboucle; furoncle; rubis.

carbone, n.m., (chem.) carbon.

carboné, -e, adj., carbonated.

carboneu-x, -se, adj., (chem.) carbonaceous.

carbonique, adj., carbonic.

carbonisation, n.f., carbonization.

carboniser, v.a., to carbonize.

carbonnade, n.f., (cook.) carbonade.

carburateur, n.m., carburettor (motor).

carbure, n.m., (chem.) carburet, carbide.

carburé, -e, adj., (chem.) carbureted.

carcajou, n.m., American badger.

carcan, n.m., iron collar; carcan (pillory); carcanet (collar of jewels).

carcasse, n.f., carcass, skeleton, bones; (arch.) shell, framework; body; fish-basket.

carcinomateu-x, -se, adj., (med.) carcinomatous.

carcinome, n.m., (med.) carcinoma.

cardage, n.m., act of carding, carding.

cardamine, n.f., (bot.) land-cress, lady’s smock.

cardamome, n.m., (bot.) cardamom.

cardasse, n.f., (bot.) nopal.

carde, n.f., chard (stalk in the leaves of some plants); card (instrument for combing wool or flax); carding machine.

cardée, n.f., quantity carded.

carde-poirée, n.f., (bot.) chard of beet.

carder, v.a., to card, to comb. Se —; to be carded.

cardère, n.f., (bot.) teasel.

carderie, n.f., carding-house; card-manufactory.

cardeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., carder, wool-comber.

cardiaire, adj. (zoöl.) Ver —; a parasite bred in the heart. (bot.) V. cardère; chardon à foulon.

cardialgie, n.f., cardialgy, heartburn.

cardialogie, n.f., cardiology.

cardiaque, n.m., (med.) cardiac.

cardiaque, adj., (med., anat.) cardiac.

cardier, n.m., wool card-maker.

cardinal, adj., cardinal, chief, principal, first.

cardinal, n.m., cardinal; (orni.) cardinal.

cardinalat, n.m., cardinalate, cardinalship.

cardinale, n.f., (bot.) cardinal flower.

cardine, n.f., (ich.) flat-fish, whiff.

cardon, n.m., (bot.) cardoon.

cardonnette, n.f. V. chardonnette.

carême, n.m., Lent, Lent-sermons. Faire le —; to keep Lent. Provisions de —; fish and vegetables. Cela vient comme marée en —; that comes in the very nick of time. Face de —; pale or wan face. Arriver comme mars en —; to be sure to happen; to come like clock-work. Arriver comme marée en —; to come in the nick of time.

carême-prenant, n.m., (—s-—s) carnival time; Shrove Tuesday; masker; reveler.

carénage, n.m., careening.

carence, n.f., (jur.) absence of assets, insolvency. Procès-verbal de —; declaration of insolvency.

carène, n.f., (nav.) keel; bottom, careen; (bot.) keel. Demi-—; (nav.) parliament-heel. En —; keel-shaped.

caréné, -e, adj., (bot.) keeled, keel-shaped.

caréner, v.a., (nav.) to careen.

caressant, -e, adj., caressing, endearing, fond, tender; fawning.

caresse, n.f., caress, endearment. Il ne faut pas se fier aux —s de la fortune; we must not trust to the smiles of fortune.

caressé, -e, part., caressed; polished, finished off, chiseled. Ces tableaux sont très —s; these pictures have a peculiar richness of finish.

caresser, v.a., to caress, to fondle, to stroke; to fawn upon, to make much of, to flatter, to cajole, to wheedle. — l’orgueil de quelqu’un; to pamper any one’s pride. — une chimère; to cherish, to hug, a visionary scheme.

caret, n.m., rope-maker’s reel; (erpetology) tortoise. Fil de —; rope-yarn.

carex (-rèks), n.m., (bot.) carex.

cargaison, n.f., cargo, ship-load, freight.

cargue (karg), n.f., (nav.) brail.

carguer (-ghè), v.a., (nav.) to brail up, to clew up. — une voile; to clew up a sail.

cargueur (-gheur), n.m., (nav.) reefer; top-block.

cariatide, n.f., (arch.) caryatide.

caribou, n.m., (mam.) caribou.

caricature, n.f., caricature.

caricaturer, v.a., to caricature, to ridicule.

caricaturiste, n.m., caricaturist.

carie, n.f., brown rust; fire-blast; (med.) caries, decay.

carier, v.a., to make carious, to rot.

se carier, v.r., to grow carious, rotten. Dent cariée; carious tooth.

*carillon, n.m., chime, peal; musical bells, chimes; clutter, racket. À double —; soundly, lustily. Le — des verres; the jingling of glasses.

*carillonnement, n.m., chiming, jingling.

*carillonner, v.n., to chime; to ring the changes; to jingle, to clatter.

*carillonneur, n.m., chimer, bell-ringer; change-ringer.

carlette, n.f., square slate.

carlin, n.m., carlin (Italian coin); pug-dog.

carline, n.f., (bot.) carline-thistle.

carlingue (-linghe), n.f., (nav.) carline, carling. — de cabestan; keelson, step.

carliste, n.m.f., Carlist (partisan of Charles).

carliste, adj., Carlist.

carlovingien, -ne (-in, -è-n), n. and adj., Carlovingian.

*carmagnole, n.f., carmagnole (jacket); carmagnole (revolutionary song and dance).

carmagnole, n.m., violent Jacobin.

carme, n.m., Carmelite friar, white friar. —s déchaussés; barefooted Carmelites. Eau des —s; carmelite water.

carme, n.m., (tric-trac) two fours.

carmeline, n.f., carmeline wool.

carmélite, n.f. and adj., Carmelite nun.

carmin, n.m., carmine.

carminati-f, -ve, adj., (med.) carminative.

carminati-f, n.m., (med.) carminative.

carnage, n.m., carnage, slaughter, butchery, destruction, havoc.

carnassi-er, -ère, adj., carnivorous, flesh-eating.

carnassier, n.m., feline animal; flesh-eater.

carnassière, n.f., game-bag.

carnation, n.f., carnation, flesh-tint, flesh-color, complexion.

carnaval, n.m., a carnival; guy.

carne, n.f., corner, edge (of a table, &c.).

carné, -e, adj., of a carnation color.

carnet, n.m., note-book, memorandum-book. — d’échéances; bill-book. — de chèques; check book.

carnier, n.m. V. carnassière.

carnification, n.f., (med.) carnification.

se carnifier, v.r., (med.) to carnify.

carnivore, adj., carnivorous.

carnosité, n.f., carnosity.

*carogne, n.f., (l.ex.) hag, jade, impudent slut.

carolus (-lus), n.m., carolus (old French coin).

caronade, n.f., (artil.) carronade.

caroncule, n.f., (anat., bot.) caruncle.

carotide, adj., (anat.) carotid.

carotide, n.f., (anat.) carotid.

carotidien, adj.m., (anat.) carotid. Canal —; carotid canal.

carotique, adj., (med.) comatose.

carotte, n.f., carrot. — de tabac; roll of tobacco. (fig.) Quelle —! what a chouse!

carotter, v.n., to live on little; to play low; to chouse, to diddle.

carotti-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., (triv.). V. carotteur.

carotteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., timid player; petty jobber; cheat, trickster.

caroube or carouge, n.f., (bot.) carob-bean.

caroubier, n.m., carob-tree, St. John’s bread tree.

carouble, n.f., skeleton-key.

caroubleur, n.m., house-breaker.

carpe, n.f., (ich.) carp. Saut de —; somerset. Faire la — pâmée; to sham fainting. Muet comme une —; dumb as an oyster.

carpe, n.m., (anat.) wrist.

carpeau, n.m., small carp.

carpien, -ne (-in, -è-n) adj., (anat.) carpal.

*carpillon, n.m., (ich.) young carp.

carquois, n.m., quiver. Il a vidé son —; he has shot his bolt.

carrare, n.m., Carrara marble.

carre, n.f., back and shoulders (of any one). La — d’un chapeau; the crown of a hat. La — d’un habit; the part of a coat from the waist upwards. La — d’un soulier; the square toe of a shoe. Un homme d’une bonne —; a broad-shouldered man. Lame à trois —s; three-edged sword.

carré, n.m., square; landing, floor; printing demy (of paper). Un — de tulipes; a square bed of tulips. Un — d’eau; a square sheet of water. — de toilette; dressing-case. — des officiers; ward-room.

carré, -e, adj., square, quadratic; well-set, well-knit; plain, straightforward; demy (of paper); (rhet.) flowing. Partie —e; party of four (two men and two women).

carreau, n.m., (med.) tabes mesenterica.

carreau, n.m., square; lozenge; square tile or brick; small flag-stone; ground, floor; pane (of glass); cushion, hassock; tailor’s goose; diamond (at cards); (gard.) bed, square; (arch.) stretcher; rubber (file); ☉square-headed arrow, cross-arrow. Brochet —; very large pike. Tomber sur le —; to fall on the floor. Coucher sur le —; to sleep on the floor. Jeter quelqu’un sur le —; to send any one sprawling upon the ground. Rester sur le —; to be killed on the spot. Etoffes à —x; stuff checks. C’est un valet de —; he is a contemptible fellow.

carrefour, n.m., cross-way or street, cross-road, quadrant, crowded thoroughfare. Les —s d’une ville; the public places of a town. — des auteurs; Grub-street. Langage de —; low, vulgar language; Billingsgate. Orateur de —; stump-orator.

carrelage, n.m., tile-flooring, brick-paving.

carreler, v.a., to pave (a floor) with square tiles, bricks, stones; to cobble.

carrelet, n.m., (ich.) flounder; square net; shoemaker’s awl.

carrelette, n.f., flat file.

carreleur, n.m., floor-tiler, brick-pavior; tramping cobbler.

carrelier, n.m., a tile-maker.

carrelure, n.f., new-soling of shoes.

carrément, adv., squarely; plainly, straightforwardly. Couper —; to cut square. Tracer un plan —; to draw a plan square.

carrer, v.a., to square.

se carrer, v.r., to strut, to stalk; to double one’s stake (at bouillotte—a card game). Se — dans son fauteuil; to sit in state.

carrick, n.m., box-coat, cape; gig.

carrier, n.m., a quarry-man.

carrière, n.f., race-ground, course, &c.; career, race; course; scope; play, vent; quarry. Le bout de la —; the goal. Parcourir la —; to run round, to run over the course. Donner — à son imagination; to give scope, free vent to one’s imagination. Se donner —; to throw off all restraint. Donner — à un cheval; to give a horse his head. — de marbre; marble quarry.

carriole, n.f., covered cart, jaunting car, pleasure-van; wretched carriage.

carrossable, adj., (of roads) practicable for carriages. Route —; carriage road.

carrosse, n.m., four-wheeled carriage, coach. — de remise; livery-coach. — de louage; hackney-coach. Mener un —; to drive a carriage. Aller en —; to ride in a coach. Rouler —; to keep a carriage; to live in grand style.

carrossée, n.f., coachful, carriageful.

carrosserie, n.f., coach-making; coach-building.

carrossier, n.m., coachmaker, carriage-builder; coach-horse.

carrousel, n.m., tournament; roundabout.

☉carrousse, n.f., carouse. Faire —; to carouse, to drink hard.

carrure, n.f., breadth of shoulders.

cartahu, n.m., (nav.) whip; girt-line. Poulie de —; single block.

cartayer, v.n., to avoid ruts.

carte, n.f., pasteboard; card, postcard; label, ticket; map, chart; bill; bill of fare; account. Un jeu de —s; a pack of cards. Les basses —s; the small cards. —s préparées; marked cards. Donner les —s; to deal. Battre les —s; to shuffle. Faire des tours de —s; to play tricks with cards. Mettre aux —s; to pay the card money. Château de —s; gingerbread or jerry-built house. Brouiller les —s; to sow discord. Voir le dessous des —s; to be in the secret; “in the Know.” Avoir — blanche; to have full power. Tirer les —s; to tell fortunes (with cards). — de géographie; map, chart. Faire la — d’un pays; to map out a country. — topographique; topographical chart. — marine; sea-chart. Perdre la —; to lose one’s wits. Dîner à la —; to dine from the bill of fare.

cartel, n.m., challenge, cartel; dial-case, clock; frieze-panel, frame; (milit., nav.) cartel. — d’armoiries; (her.) shield.

carterie, n.f., card-making, card-factory.

carteron, n.m. V. quarteron.

cartésianisme, n.m., Cartesian philosophy.

cartésien, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., Cartesian.

carthaginois, -e, n. and adj., Carthaginian.

carthame, n.m., (bot.) carthamus, safflower.

cartier, n.m., playing-card maker.

cartilage, n.m., (anat.) cartilage, gristle.

cartilagineu-x, -se, adj., cartilaginous, gristly.

cartisane, n.f., foil-card. Dentelle à —; vellum-lace.

cartomancie, n.f., cartomancy.

cartomancien, n.m., -ne, n.f., fortune-teller (by cards).

carton, n.m., pasteboard; (paint.) cartoon; bandbox; case; hat-box; bonnet-box; (print.) four-page cancel. — lissé; glazed pasteboard. — de pâté; mill board. Les —s de Raphaël; the cartoons of Raphael. — de dessins; portfolio of drawings.

cartonnage, n.m., (book-bind.) boarding.

cartonné, -e, adj., (book-bind.) in boards.

cartonner, v.a., to put in boards.

cartonnerie, n.f., pasteboard manufactory.

cartonneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., binder, boarder (of books).

cartonnier, n.m., pasteboard-maker, seller.

carton-pierre, n.m., (n.p.), statuary pasteboard.

cartouche, n.m., escutcheon, shield, ring; (arch.) cartouch, modillion.

cartouche, n.f., cartouch, case-shot, canister-shot (of cannon); cartridge.

cartouchier, n.m., (nav.) cartridge-box, or pouch.

cartouchière, n.f., cartridge-box.

cartulaire, n.m., cartulary.

carus, n.m., (med.) deep coma.

carvi, n.m., (bot.) caraway; caraway-seed.

caryatide. V. cariatide.

caryophyllée, adj.f., (bot.) caryophyllous.

caryophyllées, n.f.pl., caryophyllæ.

caryophylloïde, n.f., caryophilloid.

cas, n.m., case, event, esteem, value; needs, concern; (jur., math., gram., med.) case. Un — pendable; a hanging matter. Un — imprévu; an unforeseen case. Un tout en —; sunshade. Au —, en — que cela soit; in case it should turn out to be. Auquel —; in which case. Le — échéant; if such should be the case; in that case. En tel —, en pareil —; in such a case. Hors le —; unless, except, save. C’est le — de parler; it is the time to speak out. Faire grand — de quelqu’un; to have a great esteem for any one, to value highly. Faire peu de —; to make light of, to slight. En tout —; at all events, however. En — de besoin; in case of need. C’est le — ou jamais; it is now or never. Il n’est pas dans le — de vous nuire; he is not in a position to harm you. C’est bien le — de le dire; you may indeed well say so. Un en —; a snack (in case of need).

casani-er, -ère, n. and adj., domestic person, domestic, retired, stay at home, home-bird.

casaque, n.f., great coat, cassock. Tourner —; to change sides, to rat.

casaquin, n.m., short gown, jacket.

cascade, n.f., cascade, waterfall; leap, bound. Un discours plein de —s; a jumbled, jerky speech.

cascarille, n.f., cascarilla.

cascatelle, n.f., cascade (of Tivoli).

case, n.f., division; cabin, dwelling-place, small house, hut; box (for animals); pigeon-hole, compartment; point (backgammon); square (chess, draughts); (nav.) berth.

casé, -e, part., placed. Le voilà —; he is provided for.

caséeu-x, -se, adj., caseous, cheesy.

casemate (kaz-mat), n.f., (fort.) casemate; dungeon, cell.

casematé, -e, adj., casemated.

caser, v.n., (backgammon) to make a point.

caser, v.a., to place, to find a place for, to provide for; to arrange, put in order.

se caser, v.r., to take up one’s abode, one’s quarters, to get settled.

caserne, n.f., barracks. — de pompiers; fire-brigade station. Intendant de —; barrack-master.

casernement, n.m., quartering in barracks.

caserner, v.a., to quarter in barracks.

caserner, v.n., to be in barracks.

casier, n.m., set of pigeon-holes; rack, ledger-rack.

*casilleux, adj.m., brittle.

casimir, n.m., kerseymere cloth.

casino, n.m., casino, club.

casoar, n.m., (orni.) cassowary.

casque, n.m., helmet, casque, head-piece; (bot.) hood; (her.) helmet, casque; (conch.) helmet-shell.

casquette, n.f., cap (of a man or boy).

cassable, adj., breakable.

cassade, n.f., sham, flam; lie, fib, cheat.

cassage, n.m., breakage.

*cassaille, n.f., the breaking up (of ground).

cassant, -e, adj., brittle, apt to break; (of a man) abrupt, bluff, gruff.

cassation, n.f., breaking; (jur.) annulment, repeal, quashing. Se pourvoir en —; to lodge an appeal. Cour de —; the highest court of appeal in France.

cassave, n.f., cassava.

casse, n.f., (bot.) cassia; (print.) case; (com.) breakage; ☉(milit.) cashiering, dismissal. — aromatique; bastard cinnamon. Cet officier mérite la —; that officer deserves to be dismissed the service. Haut de —; (print.) upper-case. Bas de —; (print.) lower-case. Apprendre la —; to learn the boxes.

casseau, n.m., (print.) half-case.

casse-cou, n.m., (—, or —-—s) break-neck; (man.) rough-rider.

casse-lunettes, n.m., (plur. —) (bot.) eyebright.

casse-mottes, n.m., (plur. —) (agri.) clod-breaker.

casse-noisettes, n.m., (plur. —) nut-crackers.

casse-noix, n.m., (—) nut-crackers; (orni.) nut-hatch.

casser, v.a., to break; to crack; to cashier; to waste; to wear out; to annul; to rescind; to shiver (a mast). Qui casse les verres les paie or Il faut payer les pots cassés; you must stand the racket. — un jugement; to reverse a judgment. Cassé de vieillesse; worn out with old age. Voix cassée; broken voice. Vous me cassez la tête; you bore me to death. — aux gages; to dismiss, to discharge.

se casser, v.r., to break; to break down; to wear out; to snap. Se — la tête; to break one’s head; to puzzle one’s brains. Se — le cou; to break one’s neck. Se — la jambe; to break one’s leg.

casser, v.n., to break. À tout —; with a vengeance; at break-neck speed.

casserole, n.f., saucepan, stewpan.

casse-tête, n.m., (—) tomahawk; puzzle-brain; heady wine; din, noise. Quel —! what a din!

cassetin, n.m., (print.) box.

cassette, n.f., casket; cash-box. La — du roi; the King’s privy purse.

casseu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., breaker, smasher. C’est un grand — de raquettes; he is a real matador. Un — d’assiettes; a quarrelsome fellow, blusterer, bully.

cassier, n.m., cassia-tree.

cassine, n.f., (milit.) cassine; country-box; badly-kept house; stall, booth.

cassiopée, n.f., (astron.) Cassiopeia.

cassis (kâ-sis), n.m., black currant; black currant-tree; black-currant ratafia (liquor).

cassolette, n.f., perfuming pan; scent-box, fragrant smell; (b.s.) stench, odor. Quelle —! what a perfume!

casson, n.m., fragment of plate-glass; lump.

cassonade, n.f., moist sugar.

cassure, n.f., broken place; break, crack, snap; fracture; (nav.) hogging.

*castagnette, n.f., castanet.

caste, n.f., caste.

☉castel, n.m., castle.

*castillan, -e, n. and adj., Castilian.

*castille, n.f., altercation, bickering, strife.

castine, n.f., (metal.) flux.

castor, n.m., (mam.) castor, beaver; beaver hat; tile.

castoréum (-om), n.m., (phar.) castoreum.

castorine, n.f., castorine.

castramétation, n.f., castrametation.

castrat, n.m., castrato, castrate.

castration, n.f., castration.

casualité, n.f., (l.u.) casualty, fortuitousness.

casuel, -le, adj., casual, contingent, precarious, fortuitous, accidental.

casuel, n.m., perquisites, extra salary; fees. Le — d’une cure; surplice fees.

casuellement (-mān), adv., casually, accidentally, by chance, fortuitously.

casuiste, n.m., casuist.

catachrèse (-krèz), n.f., (rhet.) catachresis.

cataclysme, n.m., cataclysm, deluge, flood; (fig.) disaster, overthrow.

catacois. V. cacatois.

catacombes, n.f.pl., catacombs.

catacoustique, n.f., catacoustics.

catadioptrique, n.f., catadioptrics.

catadioptrique, adj., catadioptrical.

☉catadoupe or catadupe, n.f., catadupa, cataract, waterfall.

catafalque, n.m., catafalque; bed of state.

cataire, adj., of a cat, cat-like. Frémissement — (med.); thrill, purring tremor, of the heart.

cataire, n.f., (bot.) catmint, catnip.

catalan, -e, n. and adj., Catalonian.

catalecte or catalectique, adj., (poet.) catalectic.

catalectes, n.m.pl., (lit.) catalectics.

catalepsie, n.f., catalepsy.

cataleptique, adj., cataleptic.

catalogue (-log), n.m., list, enumeration, catalogue.

cataloguer (-ghé), v.a., to catalogue.

catalpa, n.m., (bot.) catalpa.

cataplasme, n.m., cataplasm, poultice.

catapuce, n.f., (bot.) caper-spurge.

catapulte, n.f., (antiq.) catapult.

cataracte, n.f., cataract; waterfall; (med.) cataract.

cataracté, -e, adj., (med.) afflicted with a cataract.

se cataracter, v.r., to have an incipient cataract.

catarrhal, -e, adj., (med.) catarrhal.

catarrhe, n.m., catarrh, cold. — d’été; hay-fever.

catarrheu-x, -se, adj., (med.) catarrhous.

catastrophe, n.f., catastrophe, calamity.

catéchiser, v.a., to catechise; to reason with; to lecture; to give anyone his due; to coach up.

catéchisme, n.m., catechism. Faire le — à quelqu’un; to give anyone his due.

catéchiste, n.m., catechist.

catéchuménat (-ku-), n.m., catechumenate.

catéchumène (-ku-), n.m.f., catechumen.

catégorie, n.f., category, predicament.

catégorique, adj., categorical, proper, explicit.

catégoriquement (-rik-mān), adv., categorically, to the purpose.

catégoriser, v.a., to class.

☉caterve, n.f., troop, band.

cathartine, n.f., cathartine.

cathartique, n.m. and adj., cathartic, purgative.

ex cathédra, with high authority.

cathédrale, n. and adj. f., cathedral; cathedral church.

cathédrant, n.m., president (over a thesis).

cathérétique, adj., (pharm.) caustic.

cathéter (-tèr), n.m., (surg.) catheter.

cathétérisme, n.m., (surg.) catheterism.

catholicisme, n.m., Catholicism.

catholicité, n.f., Catholicity; Catholic countries.

catholicon, n.m., (phar.) catholicon.

catholique, adj., Catholic, moral, orthodox. Cela n’est pas —; that is not orthodox.

catholique, n.m.f., Catholic. Un — à gros grains; a lax Catholic.

catholiquement (-mān), adv., in a catholic way.

cati, n.m., pressing, gloss, lustre.

cati, adj., pressed.

en catimini, adv., slily, stealthily.

catin, n.f., (l.ex.) harlot, strumpet.

catir, v.a., to give a gloss to. — à chaud; to hot-press. — à froid; to cold-press.

catissage, n.m., glossing, pressing.

catisseur, n.m., presser.

catmarin, n.m., (ornith.) red-throated diver.

catodon, n.m., catodon, a species of whale.

catogan or cadogan, n.m., club of hair.

catoptrique, n.f., catoptrics.

catoptromancie, n.f., catoptromancy.

caucasique, adj., (geog.) Caucasian.

cauchemar (kosh-mar), n.m., nightmare, incubus. Il donne le —; he tires one to death.

caucher, n.m., vellum-mold.

cauchois, -e, adj., of Caux.

caudataire, n.m., the train-bearer.

caudé, -e, adj., (her.) caudated, tailed.

☉caudebec, n.m., woolen French hat.

caudex (kô-dèks), n.m., stem of a tree.

caudicule, n.f., (bot.) caudicle.

caudines, adj.f.pl., caudine.

caulicoles, n.f.pl., (arch.) caulicole.

caulinaire, adj., (bot.) cauline.

cauris, n.m., cowry.

causal, -e, adj., causal.

causalité, n.f., causality.

causant, -e, adj., chatty, talkative.

causati-f, -ve, adj., (gram.) causative.

causation, n.f., causation.

causativement, adv., causatively.

cause, n.f., cause; grounds, motive; subject; case, trial, brief. —s éloignées; remote causes. Prendre fait et — pour quelqu’un; to espouse any one’s cause; to side with; to stand by. — appelée, remise; cause called in court, put off. — embrouillée, douteuse; intricate, doubtful case. Donner gain de — à; to decide in favor of. Avoir gain de —; to gain the day. Être hors de —; not to be concerned in a law-suit. Mettre hors de —; to dismiss the parties (to a suit); (fig.) to free from blame; to put out of the question. Être condamné sans connaissance de —; to be cast without a hearing. Ses héritiers ou ayants —; his heirs or assigns. Un avocat sans —; a briefless barrister. Parler avec connaissance de —; to speak from a knowledge of the case. Être la — innocente, or involontaire, d’un accident; to be the harmless, or involuntary, cause of an accident. Il ne le fera pas, et pour —; he won’t do it, and for a very good reason. À ces —s; (jur.) these reasons moving us thereunto. À — de; for the sake of, on account of, because of, for. À — de quoi? why? wherefore? for what reason? À — que; because.

causer, v.a., to cause, to be the cause of, to occasion, to give rise to.

causer, v.n., to chat, to talk, to prate. — de choses et d’autres; to talk of one thing and another. — de la pluie et du beau temps; to talk about the weather. — littérature, voyages; to talk about literature, travels. Vous aurez causé; you have been babbling.

causerie (kôz-rî), n.f., talk, chat, gossip.

causette, n.f., chit-chat. Faire la —; to have a chat.

causeu-r, -se, adj., talkative, chatty.

causeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., talker, conversationalist.

causeuse, n.f., small sofa, settee.

causticité, n.f., causticity.

caustique, adj., biting, cutting, caustic.

caustique, n.m., caustic, biting, cutting.

caustique, n.f., (geom., phys.) caustic curve.

caustiquement, adv., caustically, cuttingly.

cauteleusement (kôt-leûz-mān), adv., craftily, slyly.

cauteleu-x, -se (kôt-leû), adj., cunning, crafty.

cautère, n.m., (med.) issue, cautery; (vet.) firing-iron. Panser un —; to dress a cautery. Pois à —; issue peas.

☉cautérétique. V. cathérétique.

cautérisation, n.f., cauterization.

cautériser, v.a., to cauterize, to sear, to burn.

caution, n.f., surety, security, bail, pledge. — légale; common bail. — solvable; special bail. Un homme sujet à —; a man not to be trusted.

cautionné, -e, part., bailed; (of things) suspicious, doubtful.

cautionnement (kô-sio-n-mān), n.m., bailing, bail, caution-money; security.

cautionner, v.a., to stand bail for any one, to stand surety for.

cavage, n.m., hollowing out, digging; cellarage.

cavalcade, n.f., ride, cavalcado.

☉cavalcadour, n.m., riding-master, equerry, master of the horse.

cavale, n.f., mare, steed.

cavalerie (ka-val-rî), n.f., cavalry, horse.

cavalier, n.m., horseman; rider, cavalier; trooper; gentleman, gallant; (dancing) partner; knight (at chess); (fort.) cavalier; (man.) rider; (mec.) spoil-bank. Servir de — à une dame; to escort a lady.

cavali-er, -ère, adj., cavalier, free, proud, haughty, unceremonious.

cavalièrement (-mān), adv., cavalierly, bluntly, unceremoniously.

cavatine, n.f., (mus.) cavatina.

cave, n.f., cellar, vault, cellarage; boot (of a coach); case of bottles, cellaret; (cards) pool, stock. Rat de —; twisted taper. Rats de —; excisemen.

cave, adj., hollow, sunken. Œil —; hollow eye. Lune —; lunar month of 29 days. Année —; lunar year (353 days).

caveau, n.m., small cellar; vault (in a church).

cavecé, -e, adj., with a black head (of a roan horse or mare). Cheval rouan — de noir; roan horse with a black head.

caveçon, n.m., (man.) cavezon, curb. Il a besoin de —; he wants curbing.

cavée, n.f., (hunt.) hollow way.

caver, v.a., to hollow, to make hollow, to scoop out, to dig under; to lunge (fencing); to stake (at play). — au plus fort; to play deep; to carry things to extremes.

se caver, v.r., to become hollow or sunken; to stake.

caverne, n.f., cavern; cave, hollow, den.

caverneu-x, -se, adj., hollow, sepulchral; (anat.) cavernous, spongy. Voix —se; hollow voice.

cavet, n.m., (arch.) cavetto.

caviar, n.m., (cook.) caviar, caviare.

cavillation (-vil-la-), n.f., sophistry, cavil, cavilling.

caviste, n.m., cellarer, cellar man.

cavité, n.f., cavity, hollow.

ce, cet, m., cette, f., ces, pl., demonst. adj., this, these; that, those. Ce livre; this or that book. Ce héros; this or that hero. Cet arbre; this or that tree. Cet homme; this or that man. Cette femme; this or that woman. Ces livres; these or those books. Ce livre-ci; this book. Ce livre-là; that book.

ce, demonst. pron., he, she, it; they. J’aime votre frère, c’est un bon ami; I love your brother, he is a good friend. Lisez Racine et Boileau, ce sont de grands poètes; read Racine and Boileau, they are great poets.

ce (for cela), it, that; he, she, they. C’est fait; it is done. C’est fort bien fait; that’s very well done. C’en est fait de moi; it is all up with me. C’en est fait; it is all over, it is done. C’est bien fait; it serves him right. Et ce, pour cause; and this for a good reason. Je lui ai dit telle chose, et ce pour le persuader de le faire; I told him such a thing, and it was to persuade him to do it. Qui est-ce? who is he? Qui était-ce? who was it? Qui sera-ce? who will it be? Qui est-ce qui arrive là? who is coming there? Est-ce moi? is it I? Est-ce lui? is it he? Est-ce nous qu’il menace? is it towards us his threats are directed? Est-ce eux que vous prétendez soumettre? is it they you pretend to subdue? Sont-ce les Anglais? is it the English? C’est vous qu’on demande; it is you who are wanted. Ce sont eux que j’ai vus; it is they I have seen. Sont-ce là les dames que vous attendiez? are these the ladies you expected? Oui, ces ont elles; yes, they are. C’était eux, ce furent eux, ce sera nous, ce sera vous autres, ce sera eux, ce serait eux; it was they, &c. Qu’est-ce? what is that? Qu’est-ce que je vois là-bas? what do I see yonder? Sont-ce là vos raisons? are those your reasons? Est-ce là votre carrosse? is that your coach? Oui, ce l’est; yes, it is. Sont-ce là vos chevaux? are these your horses? Oui, ce les sont; yes, they are. Quel jour est-ce aujourd’hui? what day is it to-day? C’est jeudi; it is Thursday. Quand sera-ce? when will it be? Ce sera pour demain; it will be for to-morrow.

ce qui, que, dont, à quoi; that, which, what, of what, to what. Je ne sais ce que nous deviendrons; I do not know what will become of us. Ce qui se passe; what happens. Ce que je vous dit; what I tell you. Faites ce dont je vous ai parlé; do what I told you of. Ce qui réussit est toujours approuvé; what meets with success always meets with approbation. C’est ce que je disais; it is what I said. Ce que j’ai vu de beau; the fine things I saw. Tout ce qu’on fait de mauvais; all the mischief that is done. Savez-vous à quoi il pense? do you know what he is thinking of?

ce qui or ce que, serve for two verbs, the latter of which, when ce begins the sentence, is governed by ce: if the latter verb is être, followed by que or de, ce must be repeated before it. Ce que je crains, c’est d’être surpris; what I fear is to be surprised. Ce qu’il demande, c’est une pension; what he asks for is a pension. [But ce cannot be repeated when être is followed by an adjective.] Ce qu’on vous a dit est vrai; what you have been told is true. Ce qu’on vous a dit, ce sont des contes; what you have been told are mere idle tales. C’était un grand capitaine que César; Cæsar was a great captain. Sont-ce les richesses qui vous rendront heureux? can riches make you happy? C’est moi qu’on veut perdre; I am the man they wish to ruin. C’est à vous que je parle; it is to you I speak. C’est d’elle que je parle; it is of her that I speak. C’est là que je les attends; there I shall have them. C’est un bonheur que d’avoir échappé; it is good luck to have escaped. C’était à vous de parler; it was your duty to speak. C’était à vous à parler; it was your turn to speak. Si c’était à refaire; if it were to be done again. C’est à qui parlera; they vie with one another as to who shall speak. C’était à qui s’offrirait; they vied with one another as to who would offer himself. Ce serait pour moi un grand plaisir; it would give me great pleasure. Ce n’est pas qu’il la craigne, mais il aime la paix; not that he fears her, but he loves peace. Ces malheureux ne savent ce que c’est que la vertu; these wretches know not what virtue is. C’est-à-dire; that is to say. Ce n’est pas à dire que; it does not follow that. C’est pourquoi; therefore, wherefore, for which reason. C’est que; you must know; I must tell you. Ce que c’est que de nous! what poor mortals we are.

céans, adv., within, here within, in this house, home. Maître de —; master of the house. Il dînera —; he will dine at home.

ceci, demonst. pron., this. Que veut dire —? what does this mean? C’est —, c’est cela; it is first one thing and then another.

cécité, n.f., blindness. Frapper de —; to strike blind.

cédant, n.m., -e, n.f., (jur.) grantor; assignor, transferrer.

cédant, -e, adj., that assigns, transfers; that grants.

céder, v.a., to give, to give up, to yield, to transfer; to sell, to part with, to make over. — le pas à quelqu’un; to give precedence to any one. — le haut du pavé; to give the wall.

céder, v.n., to give way, to give; to submit; to give in. Il faut —; we must submit. — à son penchant; to give way to one’s inclinations. Je lui cède en tout; I give in to him in everything. Ne le — à personne; to yield to no one; to be second to none. La porte céda; the door gave way.

*cédille, n.f., (gram.) cedilla.

cédrat, n.m., (bot.) (tree) cedrate, lemon-tree; (fruit) lemon.

cédratier, n.m., (bot.) cedrate, lemon-tree.

cèdre, n.m., cedar; cedar of Lebanon.

cédrie, n.f., cedrie, cedar-resin.

cédule, n.f., (jur.) cedule, schedule, memorandum, notice; note of hand.

ceindre (ceignant, ceint), v.a., to enclose, to encompass, to surround, to bind; to fence; to gird on, to put on, to encircle. Une corde lui ceignait les reins; his loins were girt with a cord. — le diadème; to put on the diadem.

se ceindre, v.r., to bind round one; to encircle one’s brow with anything.

ceintrage, n.m., (nav.) frapping, swifting (of rigging).

ceintrer, v.a., (nav.) to frap, to gird. — un vaisseau; to frap a ship.

ceinture, n.f., sash, girdle, belt; waist-band, waist-ribbon; the waist; enclosure, circle; (arch.) cincture (of a column), molding; (nav.) swifter. Bonne renommée vaut mieux que — dorée; a good name is better than riches. — de deuil; funeral hangings. Chemin de fer de —; circular railway.

ceinturé, -e, adj., confined, girt; wearing a sash.

ceinturer, v.a., to girdle, to girt.

ceinturier, n.m., girdle-maker, belt-maker.

ceinturon, n.m., belt, sword-belt.

cela, demonst. pron., that. — est vrai; that is true. Comment —? how so? C’est —; that’s it. Ce n’est pas —; that’s not it, that will not do. N’est-ce que —? is that all? Comme —; so so. Il est comme —; it is his way, it is just like him. C’est — même; that’s the very thing. Par — même; for that very reason. Pour — oui; most certainly. Pour — non; certainly not.

céladon, adj., m., sea-green (color). Ruban —; sea-green ribbon.

céladon, n.m., sea-green (color); sentimental lover; old beau.

célébrant, n.m., officiating priest at mass.

célébration, n.f., solemn performance, celebration.

célèbre, adj., celebrated, famous, renowned; eminent, distinguished.

célébrer, v.a., to praise, to extol, to sing, to solemnize; to glorify, to celebrate, to record.

célébrité, n.f., celebrity; fame.

celer or céler, v.a., to conceal, to keep close or secret, to secrete. Se faire —; to say “not at home.”

céleri (sèl-ri), n.m., celery. Botte de —; bundle of celery.

célérité, n.f., celerity, rapidity, dispatch, speed.

céleste, adj., celestial, heavenly, divine. Bleu —; sky-blue. La colère —; the anger of heaven.

célestin, n.m., celestin (monk — moine).

céliaque, adj., (anat.) cœliac.

célibat, n.m., celibacy, single life; single state. Femme, homme, dans le —; single woman, single man.

célibataire, n.m., single man, bachelor.

celle, demonst. pron. she, that. V. celui.

☉celle, n.f., cell (of a hermit).

cellér-ier, n.m., -ière, n.f., cellarer.

cellier, n.m., cellar, store-room.

cellulaire, adj., cellular.

cellule, n.f., cell, partition; cell (of honey).

celluleu-x, -se, adj., cellular.

célosie, n.f., (bot.) cock’s-comb; coxcomb.

celte, n.m., Celt.

celtique, adj., Celtic.

celtique, n.m., Celtic language.

celui, m., celle, f., ceux, celles, pl., demonst. pron., he, him; she, her, they, them; that, those. Ceux qui ont vécu avant nous; those who lived before us.

celui-ci, celle-ci, sing., ceux-ci, celles-ci, pl., demonst. pron.; this, these.

celui-là, celle-là, sing., ceux-là, celles-là, pl., demonst. pron.; that, those. Aimez-vous mieux celui-ci? do you like this best? Celui-là n’est pas si beau; that one is not so fine. Celui-ci est meilleur que celui-là; this is better than that. [Celui-ci relates to an object near the speaker; celui-là, to an object distant from him; or after two nouns already expressed, celui-ci refers to the last, celui-là to the first mentioned.]

cément, n.m., cement.

cémentation, n.f., cementation.

cémentatoire, adj., cementatory.

cémenter, v.a., to cement.

cénacle, n.m., (antiq.) guest-chamber (where the Lord’s supper was taken); (fig.) club, literary coterie.

cendre, n.f., ashes; embers; cinder; dust, ashes (of the dead). C’est un feu qui couve sous la —; it is a smoldering fire. La —, les —s des morts; the ashes of the dead.

cendres, n.f.pl., ashes. — ardentes; live embers. — qui couvent; smoldering ashes. Le mercredi des —; Ash-Wednesday. Mettre en —; to lay in ashes. Renaître de ses —; to rise from one’s ashes.

cendré, -e, adj., ashy. Gris —; ashy gray, pale gray. Lumière —; earth-shine.

cendrée, n.f., small shot.

cendreu-x, -se, adj., ashy, full of, or covered with, ashes.

cendrer, v.a., to paint ash-gray, to ash.

cendrier, n.m., ash-pan, cinder-pail; ash-hole; ash-tray.

*cendrille, n.f., (orni.) tomtit.

cène, n.f., the Lord’s supper, communion.

cenelle, n.f., (bot.) haw.

cénobite, n.m., cenobite, monk.

cénobitique, adj., cenobitical.

cénotaphe, n.m., cenotaph.

cens (sāns), n.m., cense, quit-rent; census, franchise, rating.

censable, adj., owner of quit-rent. Seigneur —; lord of the manor.

☉cense, n.f., farm, fee-farm.

censé, -e, adj., accounted, deemed, reputed, supposed, pretended. Il est — être; he is supposed to be.

censéable, adj., liable to quit-rent.

censeur, n.m., censor; censurer; critic; censor of the press; examiner of plays; proctor.

☉censier, adj.m., of quit-rent.

censi-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., farmer; rent-roll.

censitaire, n.m., copy-holder.

censive, n.f., quit-rent, manor.

censorial, -e, adj., censorial.

censuel, -le, adj., feudal, of quit-rent.

censurable, adj., censurable.

censure, n.f., censorship; censure, criticism; reproof; ecclesiastical censure; the censors.

censurer, v.a., to find fault with; to blame, to censure, to condemn.

cent, adj., hundred, cent. — un ans; one hundred and one years. Cinq pour —; five per cent. Je vous le donne en —; it’s 100 to 1 against your guessing it. [Cent takes the sign of the plural, if preceded and multiplied, but not followed, by a number: trois cents; trois cent cinquante.] Les — Jours; the Hundred days (from March 20th to end of June, 1815).

centaine, n.f., a hundred; a hundred, or so; thread that ties up a skein. V. sentène.

centaure, n.m., (myth., astron.) centaur.

centaurée, n.f., (bot.) centaury.

centenaire, adj., centenary, secular, of a hundred years’ standing, centennial.

centenaire, n.m.f., centenarian.

centenier, n.m., centurion (in the Channel Isles); sergeant of police.

centésimal, -e, adj., centesimal.

centiare, n.m., the hundredth part of an are (square yard 1.1960).

centième, adj., hundredth.

centième, n.m., the hundredth part.

centigrade, adj., centigrade.

centigramme, n.m., the hundredth part of a gram (grain 0.1543).

centilitre, n.m., the hundredth part of a liter (cubic inch 0.61028).

centime, n.m., the hundredth part of a franc (cent 0.193).

centimètre, n.m., the hundredth part of a meter (inch 0.39371).

centinode, n.f., centinody, knot-grass.

centipède, adj., centipedal; n.m., centipede.

centon, n.m., (lit.) cento.

central, -e, adj., central, chief, head.

centralisat-eur, -rice, adj., centralizing.

centralisation, n.f., centralization.

centraliser, v.a., to centralize.

se centraliser, v.r., to become centralized.

centre, n.m., center, middle. Chaque chose tend à son —; everything converged to its center. Être dans son —; to be in one’s element.

centrifuge, adj., centrifugal.

centripète, adj., centripetal.

centrisque, n.m., (ich.) centriscus, trumpet-fish.

cent-suisse, n.m., one of the hundred that formed the body-guard to the king of France. Les —s; the hundred Swiss guards.

centumvir, n.m., centumvir.

centumviral, -e, adj., centumviral.

centumvirat, n.m., centumvirate.

centuple, n.m., centuple, hundred-fold.

centuple, adj., a hundred-fold.

centupler, v.a., to increase a hundred-fold, to centuple.

centuriateur, n.m., (ecc. lit.) centuriator.

centurie, n.f., (antiq., ecc.) century; hundred (territorial division).

centurion, n.m., centurion.

cep, n.m., vine-stock, vine-stalk, vine-plant.

cépage, n.m., vine-slip, vines. Les —s de la Bourgogne; the vines of Burgundy.

cèpe, n.m., (bot.) esculent boletus.

cépée, n.f., (agri.) tuft of shoots from the same stump; (hunt.) young wood; a wood of one or two years’ growth.

cependant, adv., in the mean time, meanwhile; however, nevertheless; yet, still.

cependant, conj., yet, and yet.

céphalalgie, n.f., cephalalgy, headache.

céphalée, n.f., (med.) headache.

céphalique, adj., (med.) cephalic.

céphalète, n.f., (med.) cephalitis.

céphée, n.m., (astron.) Cepheus.

cérame, n.f., Greek vase.

céramique, adj., ceramic, fictile.

céramique, adj., fictile art, molding.

céraste, n.m., cerastes, horned viper.

cérat, n.m., ointment, salve.

cerbère, n.m., (myth.) Cerberus.

cerce, n.f., hoop, band, binding.

cerceau, n.m., hoop, ring; hoop-net; pinion-quill. Faire courir un —; to trundle a hoop.

cercelle, n.f., water-fowl, teal.

cerclage, n.m., hooping (of casks, &c.).

cercle, n.m., circle, sphere, round, ring, orb, hoop; club, company; binding-hoop. Un quart de —; a quadrant. Un demi-cercle; a semicircle. Décrire, former, un —; to describe, to form, a circle. — vicieux; arguing in a circle; begging the question.

cercler, v.a., to bind with hoops, to hoop.

cerclier, n.m., hoop-maker.

*cercueil (-keu-), n.m., coffin; (fig.) grave, tomb. — de bois; shell. Mettre au —; to bring to the grave.

céréale, adj., cereal, corn.

céréales, n.f.pl., corn, grain, corn crops, cerealia. Commerce des —; corn-trade, breadstuffs.

cérébral, -e, adj., cerebral, brain. Fièvre —e; brain fever.

cérébrite, n.f., (med.) inflammation of the brain.

cérémonial, n.m., ceremonial; ceremony, ceremonies, etiquette, state.

cérémoniaire, n.m., master of the ceremonies.

cérémonie, n.f., ceremony; (biblical) ceremonial; fuss, ado. Visite de —; formal visit. Faire des —s; to stand upon ceremonies. En grande —; in state.

cérémonieu-x, -se, adj., ceremonious, formal, precise.

cérès, n.f., (myth., astron.) Ceres; (fig.) harvest, corn.

cerf (sèr), n.m., stag, hart, deer. — commun; red-deer. Un bois de —; the horns of a stag. Corne de —; hartshorn.

*cerfeuil, n.m., (bot.) chervil. — musqué; sweet cicely.

cerf-volant (sèrvo-) n.m., (—s-—s) (ent.) stag-beetle, bull-fly; kite, paper-kite.

cerisaie, n.f., cherry-orchard.

cerise, n.f., cherry; (of coffee) berry.

cerise, n.m., cherry-color, cerise.

cerisier, n.m., (bot.) cherry-tree, cherry-wood.

cerne, n.m., (bot.) ring.

cerneau, n.m., kernel of a green walnut; green walnut.

cerner, v.a., to cut or dig round (a tree); to surround, to encompass, to hem in; to take the kernel out of green walnuts; (arch.) to gird; (milit.) to invest. Des yeux cernés; eyes with dark circles round them.

cérocome, n.m., (ent.) cerocoma.

céroxyle, n.m., (bot.) wax-palm, wax-tree.

cerre, n.m., bitter-oak.

certain, -e, adj., certain, sure, positive, undoubted; resolved, fixed, determined; some, certain. C’est un homme d’un — mérite; he is a man of some merit. À —es époques de l’année; at certain periods of the year. Dans —s cas; in certain cases. Un — personnage; a certain personage.

certain, n.m., certainty; certain; (exchange language) certain price. Il ne faut pas quitter le — pour l’incertain; we must not quit a certainty for an uncertainty.

certainement (-mān), adv., certainly, assuredly, without fail, indeed, surely, infallibly.

certes, adv., indeed, most certainly.

certificat, n.m., certificate, testimonial. — de vie; attestation, affidavit of existence.

certificateur, n.m., (jur.) certifier, voucher.

certification, n.f., certifying, vouching; witnessing.

certifier, v.a., to certify, to testify, to attest, to aver. — une caution; to guarantee that bail is valid. — véritable; to witness (a signature).

certitude, n.f., certitude, certainty; assurance, steadiness. Avoir la —; to be certain.

cérumen (-mèn), n.m., cerumen, ear-wax.

cérumineu-x, -se, adj., waxy, ceruminous.

céruse, n.f., ceruse, white lead.

cervaison, n.f., (hunt.) stag-season.

cerveau, n.m., brain; mind; intelligence. Rhume de —; cold in the head. — brûlé; disordered brain. Avoir le — creux; to be crack-brained, visionary. Être pris du —; to have a cold in one’s head. Se brûler le —; to blow out one’s brains.

cervelas, n.m., saveloy, Bologna sausage.

cervelet, n.m., (anat.) cerebellum.

cervelle, n.f., brains; head; mind; pith (of palm-trees). Se brûler la —; to blow out one’s brains. Cela lui tourne la —; that turns his head. Se creuser la —; to puzzle one’s brains. Tenir en —; to keep in suspense.

cervical, -e, adj., (anat.) cervical.

cervier. V. loup-cervier.

cervoise, n.f., a sort of beer, ale.

césar, n.m., Cæsar; emperor, prince, conqueror.

césarien, -ne (-è-n), adj., Cesarean.

césarisme, n.m., Cæsarism.

cessant, -e, adj., ceasing. Toute affaire —e; to the suspension of all other business.

cessation, n.f., cessation, suspension, intermission, discontinuance, stoppage.

cesse, n.f., ceasing, intermission, rest, respite. Parler sans —; to talk for ever.

cesser, v.n., to cease, to leave off, to forbear, to discontinue, to give over, to be at an end, to have done, to intermit, to end. Il ne cesse de pleurer; he never leaves off crying. Faire —; to put a stop to, or an end to.

cesser, v.a., to cease, to leave off; to intermit; to break off. — ses payments; (com.) to stop payment.

cessible, adj., (jur., com.) transferable, assignable.

cession, n.f., transfer, assignment (of property); yielding up, relinquishment; surrender.

cessionnaire, n.m., grantee; assignee, transferee.

ceste, n.m., (antiq., myth.) cestus, gauntlet; whirl-bat.

césure, n.f., cesura, pause, rest.

cet, cette. V. ce.

cétacé, -e, adj., cetaceous.

cétacé, n.m., cetaceous animal.

cétérac, n.m., (bot.) ceterach.

cétine, n.f., pure spermaceti, cetine.

cétoine, n.f., (ent.) floral-beetle.

chable, n.m., rope, tackle, tow-line.

chabler, v.a., to fasten a cable to a piece of timber; to lash, to fasten to a cable. — les noyers; to knock down walnuts with a pole.

chableur, n.m., water-bailiff.

chablis, n.m., wind-fallen wood, dead-wood; chablis (white wine).

chaboisseau, n.m., sea-scorpion.

chabot, n.m., (ich.) miller’s-thumb, bull-head.

chabraque, n.f. V. schabraque.

chacal, n.m., jackal.

chaconne, n.f., chacone (dance tune).

chacun, -e, pron., everyone, each. — veut être heureux; everybody wishes to be happy. — en parle; everybody speaks of it. Rendre à — ce qui lui appartient; to return everyone his own. — vit à sa guise; everyone lives as he likes. — le sien, n’est pas trop; everyone his own. — a sa marotte; every man has his hobby. — pour soi; everyone for himself. — à son tour; each in his turn. Ils s’en retournèrent — chez eux; each of them returned to his own home. Vous danserez — à votre tour; you will dance each in your turn. Ils auront — leur part; each of them will have his share. Donnez à — sa part; give everyone his share. Tous les membres ont voté — selon ses instructions; every member voted according to his instructions.

☉chacunière, n.m., one’s own house.

chafouin, -e, adj., sorry, mean-looking, pitiful, scrubby-looking.

chafouin, n.m., -e, n.f., pitiful object; poor wretch.

chagrin, n.m., sorrow, grief, vexation, trouble, concern, regret; fretfulness, peevishness, chagrin; shagreen (leather). Mourir de —; to die of a broken heart. Demi-—; half-bound.

chagrin, -e, adj., gloomy, melancholy, sad, dull, fretful, peevish, waspish, discontented, sullen, cross, morose.

chagrinant, -e, adj., sorrowful, sad; vexatious, provoking, troublesome.

☉chagrinement (-mān), adv., sorrowfully; peevishly, fretfully.

chagriner, v.a., to render gloomy, to grieve, to vex, to afflict, to cross, to trouble, to perplex, to disquiet; to shagreen (skins).

se chagriner, v.r., to fret, to vex one’s self, to grieve, to take on.

chagrinier, n.m., shagreen-maker.

chahut, n.m., vulgar dance; row, shindy.

chahuter, v.n., to make a row, kick up a shindy.

chai, n.m., wine store (above ground).

chaîne, n.f., chain, shackle, cord; galleys, chain of galley-slaves; belting-course (for walls); bonds, bondage; drag-chain (of canals); warp (weaving); (land-surveying) chain, Gunter’s chain; (dancing) right and left. — longue; watch guard. — de gilet; Albert chain. — de sûreté; coupling-chain. Charger quelqu’un de —s; to load with fetters. — de montagnes; long ridge of mountains. La — des idées; the chain of ideas. Attacher avec des —s; to chain up. Tendre des —s; to lay chains across. À la —; chained up. Faire la — (in a fire); to form in line; to pass buckets from hand to hand.

chaînetier (shên-tié), n.m., chain-maker.

chaînette, n.f., little chain; (arch.) catenary arch.

chaînon, n.m., link.

chair, n.f., flesh, meat; skin (of a person). pl., (paint.) flesh. — vive; quick flesh. — morte; dead skin. — ferme, molle; firm, soft, flesh. —s baveuses; (med.) proud flesh. — blanche; white meat. — noire; game. — de poule; goose-flesh, (med.) cutis anseris. J’en ai la — de poule; I shudder at the thought, it makes my flesh creep. Un morceau de —; a piece of meat. La — d’un poisson; the fleshy part of a fish. Couleur de —; flesh-color. Convoitises de la —; the lusts of the flesh. Le Verbe s’est fait —; the Word was made flesh. La résurrection de la —; the resurrection of the body. Pester entre cuir et —; to keep one’s ill humor to one’s self. Hacher menu comme — à pâté; to make mince meat of. Ni — ni poisson; neither fish, flesh nor fowl. En — et en os; in flesh and blood.

chaire, n.f., pulpit; professorship; desk (in churches); bishop’s throne. Monter en —; to mount the pulpit. — apostolique; apostolic see. — curule; curule chair. — de droit; professorship of law.

chaise, n.f., chair, seat; (carp.) timber-work, frame; curb; chaise (carriage). — à dos; high-backed chair. — de paille; straw-bottomed chair. — percée; close-stool. — brisée; folding chair. — à deux chevaux; chaise and pair. — à bascule; rocking-chair. — à porteurs; sedan-chair. — longue; lounging-chair; couch.

chaisier, n.m., chair-maker; chaisière, n.f., chair-letter.

chako, n.m. V. shako.

chaland, n.m., -e, n.f., customer, purchaser.

chaland, n.m., (nav.) lighter, barge.

chalandeau, n.m., lighterman, bargeman.

☉chalandise, n.f., custom.

chalastique (ka-), adj., (med.) chalastic.

chalcédoine. V. calcédoine.

chalcite (kalsit), n.m., (chem.) chalcite.

chalcographe (kal-), n.m., chalcographer, engraver on brass.

chalcographie (kal-), n.f., chalcography, engraving on brass; engraving establishment; printing-office (of the pope).

chaldaïque (kal-), adj., Chaldaic.

chaldéen, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj. V. chaldaïque.

chaldéen, n.m., -ne, n.f., Chaldean.

chaldéen, n.m., Chaldaic, Chaldean.

châle, n.m., shawl.

châlet, n.m., cheese-house, Swiss cottage.

chaleur, n.f., heat, glow; fervency, zeal, ardor; warmth; (phys.) calorie. Son style manque de —; his style lacks warmth. Les grandes —s; the hot season; the height of summer. Sentir de la —; to feel warm.

chaleureu-x, -se, adj., warm, ardent; glowing; spirited, vehement.

☉châlit, n.m., bedstead.

☉chaloir, v.imp., to care for, to matter. Il ne m’en chaut; I don’t care, it matters not to me. Peu m’en chaut; it signifies little to me.

chalon, n.m., drag, drag-net.

chaloupe, n.f., (nav.) ship’s boat, long boat, launch. — canonnière; gun-boat.

chalumeau, n.m., stalk of corn; straw; pipe, reed; blow-pipe; shawm.

chalumet, n.m., top (of a pipe).

chalut, n.m., drag-net, trawl.

chalybé, -e (ka-), adj., chalybeate.

chamade, n.f., (milit.) parley, chamade. Battre la —; to sound a parley; to surrender, to yield.

*chamailler, v.n., to bicker, to squabble, to wrangle.

*se chamailler, v.r., to squabble, to wrangle. — des dents; to feed, to stuff.

*chamaillis, n.m., fray, squabble, uproar, wrangle.

charmarre, n.f., smock-frock; lace, embroidery.

chamarrer, v.a., to lace, to trim with lace, to bedizen; to load with ridicule.

chamarrure, n.f., trimming, lacing, bedizening.

chambellan (-bel-lān), n.m., chamberlain.

chambourin, n.m., strass.

chambranle, n.m., (carp.) chambranle; casing of a chimney, door-case, window-frame. — de cheminée; mantel-shelf.

chambre, n.f., chamber, room; lodging, apartment; House (of parliament); (metal.) bead, chaplet; (opt.) camera, chamber; (artil.) chamber; (nav.) cabin; honey-comb (of cannon). — ardente; ardent chamber (history of France). — claire; light room; (opt.) camera lucida. — haute; House of Lords. — à coucher; bed-chamber. — garnie; furnished lodging. Femme de —; chambermaid. Robe de —; dressing-gown. Garder la —; to keep one’s room. Convoquer les —s; to convoke parliament. Avoir des —s à louer dans la tête; to be rather empty-headed, to be a visionary. Arrêter, louer, une —; to hire, to secure a room. Faire une —; to do (clean) a room.

chambré, -e, adj., (of fire-arms) chambered, provided with a powder-chamber; honeycombed (of cannon).

chambrée, n.f., persons sleeping in one room; (thea.) house; mess, barrack-room (of soldiers).

chambrelan, n.m., (pop., l.u.) workman who works in his own room; single-room lodger.

☉chambrer, v.n., to chum together.

se chambrer, v.r., to become honeycombed.

chambrer, v.a., to keep anyone confined either by force or art; to take one aside in a company; to chamber (of guns).

chambrette, n.f., little room.

☉chambrier, n.m., chamberlain.

chambrière, n.f., chamber-maid; (man.) horse-whip.

chame or came, n.f., (conch.) chama; muscle, heart-cockle.

chameau, n.m., camel; (fig.) heavy fellow. Rejeter le moucheron et avaler le —; to strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel.

chamelier, n.m., camel-driver.

chamelle, n.f., female camel.

chamelon (sham-lon), n.m., young camel.

chamois, n.m., chamois, shamoy, wild goat; shammy; shammy-leather; chamois leather.

chamois, adj., buff, drab.

chamoiser, v.a., to shamoy.

se chamoiser, v.r., to be shamoyed.

chamoiserie, n.f., chamois factory; chamois leather.

chamoiseur, n.m., shamoy-dresser.

champ (shān), n.m., field, piece of ground; career; opportunity, scope; matter, theme, subject; compass, space; (her.) field. À tout bout de —; every moment. À travers —s; over hedge and ditch, across country. — de bataille; field of battle. — de courses; race-course. — de repos; the churchyard, God’s acre. — clos; lists (for combat). Sur-le-—; at once, immediately. Battre aux —s; (milit.) to beat a salute. Donner la clef des —s; to give anyone his liberty. Être aux —s; to be in the country; (fig.) to be in a passion. Courir les —s; to run about the country. Prendre la clef des —s; to take to one’s heels; to bolt. Le — est libre; the coast is clear. Il est fou à courir les —s; he is as mad as a march hare. Être aux —s; not to know where one is.

*champagne, n.m., champagne. — frappé; iced champagne. — mousseux; sparkling champagne. — non mousseux; still champagne. Fine —; liqueur brandy.

*champagniser, v.a., to turn into champagne.

champart, n.m., (feudality) field-rent paid in kind to the lord.

champarter, v.a., to exercise the right of levying field-rent in kind.

champarteur, n.m., bailiff charged to collect field-rent in kind.

☉champeaux, n.m.pl., grass fields.

champenois, n.m., -e, n.f., native of Champagne.

champenois, -e, adj., of Champagne.

champêtre, adj., rural, rustic, country-like, sylvan. Garde —; keeper.

champignon, n.m., mushroom, toadstool; waster, thief (in a candle); bonnet-stand, peg; (arch.) cap.

*champignonnière, n.f., mushroom-bed.

champion, n.m., champion, chieftain; combatant.

championnat, n.m., championship.

champlure, n.f., frost-bite (of a vine); tap-hole (of a cask).

chance, n.f., hazard (at dice); chance, luck, good luck, good fortune; risk. Courir la —; to run the risk. Être en —; to be lucky, or in luck’s way. Souhaiter bonne — à quelqu’un; to wish any one good luck. Il n’est — qui ne retourne; luck will change.

chancelant, -e, adj., staggering, tottering, unsettled; unsteady, irresolute, wavering.

chanceler, v.n., to stagger, to totter, to reel, to falter, to waver, to be unsteady.

chancelier, n.m., chancellor. Grand —; high chancellor.

chancelière, n.f., chancellor’s wife; foot-muff.

chancellement (-mān), n.m., reeling, tottering, staggering, unsteadiness.

chancellerie (-sèl-rî), n.f., chancellor’s house, office, chancellery. Grande —; office of the great seal. Petite —; office of the privy seal.

chanceu-x, -se, adj., lucky, fortunate; uncertain, doubtful (of things).

chancir, v.n., to grow musty, moldy.

chancissure, n.f., mustiness, moldiness.

chancre, n.m., (agri., bot., vet.) canker; (med.) chancre.

chancreu-x, -se, adj., cancerous, cankered; (med.) chancrous.

chandeleur (shand-lēur), n.f., Candlemas.

chandelier, n.m., candlestick; chandler, tallowchandler; (nav.) crotch. — à manche; flat candlestick. — de mineur; miner’s crowbar. Être placé sur le —; to occupy a conspicuous position.

chandelière, n.f., tallow-chandler (woman).

chandelle, n.f., candle, tallow-candle; light. — plongée; dip-candle. — de glace; icicle. — de veille; rush-light. Moucher la —; to snuff the candle. Eteindre la —; to put out the candle. Souffler la —; to blow out the candle. Travailler à la —; to work by candle-light. Brûler la — par les deux bouts; to burn the candle at both ends. Le jeu n’en vaut pas la —; it is not worth one’s while. S’en aller comme une —; to go off like the snuff of a candle. Voir trente-six —s; to be stunned; to see the stars by daylight. C’est une économie de bouts de —; that is penny wise and pound foolish. Il vous doit une belle —; he ought to be very grateful to you.

chandellerie, n.f., candle-factory.

chanfrein, n.m., forehead (of a horse); chanfrin (armor for a horse’s head); (arch.) chamfer, chamfret; (zoöl.) chaffron.

chanfreiner, v.a., (arch.) to chamfer, to rabbet; (carp.) to cant, to edge.

change, n.m., exchange (barter); (com.) exchange; money-change; agio; (fig.) wrong scent. Lettres de —; letters of exchange. Agent de —; stock-broker. — commun; average exchange. — direct; direct exchange. — extérieur; foreign exchange. — du jour; current exchange. Commerce de —; exchange business. Cote de —; current rate of exchange. Fausse lettre de —; forged bill. Lettre de — sur l’étranger; foreign bill of exchange. Le — est au pair; the exchange is at par. Première de —; first of exchange. Seconde de —; second of exchange. Seule de —; sole of exchange. Au — de; at the rate of exchange of. Bureau de — de monnaie; exchange office. Donner le — à quelqu’un; to put any one on the wrong scent. Rendre le — à quelqu’un; to give a Roland for an Oliver, or tit for tat; to pay back in one’s own coin. Tirer une lettre de — sur quelqu’un; to draw a bill on anyone.

changeant, -e (-jān, -t), adj., changeable, fickle, unsteady, variable, inconstant, unstable, unsettled (of the weather).

changement (shanj-mān), n.m., change, alteration, changing, variation, mutation; (jur.) amendment. Amener un —; to bring about a change. — à vue; scene-shifting. — de voie; shunting.

changeoter (-jo-té), v.n., (fam., l.u.) to change often.

changer, v.a., to change, to exchange; to alter, to turn, to commute, to convert, to transform.

se changer, v.r., to be changed, converted; to alter, to change.

changer, v.n., to change, to alter. — de logis, de demeure; to shift one’s quarters, to remove. — d’avis; to alter one’s mind. — de chemise; to change one’s shirt. — d’habits; to change clothes. — de voie (rail.); to shunt.

changeur, n.m., money-changer.

chanoine, n.m., canon.

chanoinesse, n.f., canoness.

☉chanoinie, n.f., canonry, canonship.

chanson, n.f., song, ballad; ditty; (fig.) idle story, stuff, trash. Refrain d’une —; chorus of a song. C’est toujours la même —; it is the same thing over and over again; it is always harping on the same string. Voilà bien une autre —; that is another story altogether. —s que tout cela! all idle stories! —s! humbug, stuff!

chansonner, v.a., (b.s.) to lampoon.

chansonnette, n.f., little song, ditty.

chansonneur, n.m., lampooner.

chansonnier, n.m., ballad-writer; song-book.

chansonnière, n.f., song-writer (woman).

chant, n.m., singing, strain, song; air; lay, ditty, melody; chant, hymn, book. Plain —; plain chant, canto fermo. Le — du coq; the crowing of the cock. — funèbre; dirge.

chantable, adj., fit to be sung, worth singing.

chantage, n.m., extortion of hush money; blackmailing.

chantant, -e, adj., tunable, easily sung, easily set to music; musical, harmonious.

chanteau, n.m., hunch of bread; bit of stuff.

chantepleure (shant-pleur), n.f., funnel with a rose; gully-hole.

chantepleurer, v.a., to tread (grapes).

chanter, v.n., to sing, to chant; to chirp, to warble, to crow; (fam.) to say too much. Ce criminel a chanté à la question; (fam.) that prisoner let the cat out of the bag. — juste, agréablement, passablement; to sing true, agreeably, tolerably. — faux; to sing out of tune. — à livre ouvert; to sing at sight. C’est comme si vous chantiez; it is as if you were talking to the wind. L’alouette chante; the lark carols. Le coq chante; the cock crows. La cigale chante; the grasshopper chirps. — sur tous les tons; to ring the changes on. Tel chante qui ne rit pas; the heart may be sad though the face be gay. Je lui ai chanté sa gamme; I lectured him finely. — à faire pitié; to sing wretchedly.

chanter, v.a., to sing, to chant; to extol, to praise; to celebrate; to warble; to talk, to tell, stuff. — victoire; to cry victory, to crow over a victory. Que me chantez-vous là? what stuff are you telling me now? Se —; to be sung.

chanterelle (shān-trél), n.f., first string of a violin, &c.; decoy-bird; musical-bottle.

chanteu-r, -se, adj., singing (of birds).

chanteur, n.m., singer, vocalist; songster (of birds). — des rues; ballad-singer; extortioner.

chanteuse, n.f., singer, street-singer, vocalist.

chantier (-tié), n.m., timber-yard, wood-yard; stone-yard; dock-yard; stand, block, stocks; shop, shed. L’ouvrage est sur le —; the work is begun or in hand.

*chantignole, n.f., (carp.) wooden block; bracket.

chantonner, a.n., to hum, to hum a tune.

☉chantonnerie (to-n-rî), n.f., humming, drawling.

chantournage, n.m., cutting in profile.

chantourné, n.m., head-piece of a bedstead.

chantourner, v.a., to cut in profile.

chantre, n.m., singer, chorister, chanter; precentor, lay-clerk; songster, songstress (of birds). Les —s des bois; the feathered songsters.

chantrerie, n.f., precentorship.

chanvre, n.m., hemp.

chanvrier, n.m., hemp-dresser, dealer in hemp.

chanvrière, n.f., hemp-field.

chaos (kaô), n.m., chaos, confusion, disorder.

chaotique, adj., chaotic.

chape, n.f., cope (church garment); (arch.) cope. Disputer de la — à l’évêque; to dispute about what does not concern one.

chapeau, n.m., hat; bonnet; wreath of flowers (for a bride); (carp.) hand-piece; (bot.) cap; pileus (of a mushroom). — à grand bord; broad-brimmed hat. — à petit bord; narrow-brimmed hat. — à haute forme; tall-hat, top-hat. — d’évêque; (bot.) barrenwort. — chinois; (milit. mus.) Chinese bells. — de paille d’Italie; Leghorn hat. La carre d’un —; the crown of a hat. — à cornes; three-cornered hat. Ôter son —; to take off one’s hat. — bas; hat in hand. —x bas! hats off. — de paille; straw hat. — de velours; velvet bonnet. Le bord, la passe, la forme d’un —; the border, the front, the shape of a hat. — de fleurs; garland of flowers. Frère —; assistant-brother (monk). Enfoncer son —; to pull one’s hat over one’s eyes; to screw up one’s courage. Il y a eu bien des —x de reste; there were many men killed. Il n’y avait pas un seul —; there wasn’t a single man there.

☉chape-chute, n.f., windfall, lucky hit.

☉chape-chuter, v.n., to make a slight noise.

chapelain (shap-lin), n.m., chaplain.

chapeler (sha-plé), v.a., to rasp (bread).

chapelet (cha-plè), n.m., chaplet, rosary, beads, bead-roll; (man., arch.) chaplet; beads (in brandy). Dire son —; to tell one’s beads. Défiler son —; to say all one has to say; to empty one’s budget. Il n’a pas gagné cela en disant son —; he did not get that for nothing.

chapeli-er, -ère, n.m.f., hatter, hat manufacturer.

chapelle, n.f., chapel; church plate, living; vault of an oven. Faire —; (nav.) to broach to, to chapel the ship. Maître de —; precentor. — ardente; lights round a coffin. Pour la petite — s’il vous plaît; please remember the grotto. Tenir —; to attend divine service in state.

chapellenie (sha-pèl-nî), n.f., chaplainship, chaplaincy.

chapellerie (sha-pèl-rî), n.f., hat-making; hat-trade.

chapelure (sha-plur), n.f., bread; raspings; grated bread.

chaperon (sha-pron), n.m., chaperon, hood; shoulder-knot; chaperon; coping of a wall; holster-cap.

chaperonner, v.a., to cope a wall; to chaperon (a young girl); to hood (a hawk).

chapier, n.m., priest with a cope, cope-maker.

chapiteau, n.m., (arch.) capital; crest; top; (of a press, mirror, &c.); head of a still; cap (of a fusee).

chapitre, n.m., chapter (of a book, of knights, of a cathedral); chapter; chapter-house; subject, matter of discourse, head. En voilà assez sur ce —; that is quite enough on that score. Avoir voix au —; to have interest at the board. Passons sur ce —; let us waive the subject.

chapitrer, v.a., to reprimand, to rebuke, to lecture any one.

chapon, n.m., capon; sop in broth; crust of bread rubbed with garlic. Le vol du —; certain extent of ground about a country-seat. Avoir les mains faites en — rôti; to have crooked fingers; to be light-fingered. Qui — mange — lui vient; money begets money.

chaponneau, n.m., (l.u.) young capon.

chaponner, v.a., to capon.

chaponnière, n.f., stew-pan (for capons).

chaque, adj., each, every. — pays a ses coutumes; every country has its customs. À — jour suffit sa peine; sufficient for the day is the evil thereof.

char, n.m., car, chariot. — funèbre; hearse. — à bancs; wagonette, jaunting car. — de triomphe; triumphal car.

charabia, n.m., gibberish, gabble.

charade, n.f., charade.

charançon, n.m., snout, beetle, weevil.

charançonné, -e, adj., (of corn) weeviled.

charbon, n.m., coal; embers; charcoal; carbuncle; (agri.) black rust; (med.) anthrax. — de bois; charcoal. — de terre; coal. Être sur les —s; to be on thorns. Mine à —; coal-mine.

charbonnage, n.m., (l.u.) coal-mining.

charbonnée, n.f., short rib of beef.

charbonner, v.a., to char; to black with coal; to besmut.

se charbonner, v.r., to be charred, to burn black, to smolder.

charbonnerie (-bo-n-rî), n.f., coal-store.

charbonneu-x, -se, adj., (med.) carbuncled.

charbonnier, n.m., charcoal-burner, coal-seller, coal-man; coal-shed, coal-hole; (ich.) coal-fish; (nav.) collier. Le — est maître chez lui or chez soi; a man’s house is his castle.

charbonnière, n.f., charcoal-kiln; coal-seller; coal-man’s wife; (orni.) titmouse.

*charbouiller, v.a., (agri.) to blight.

charbucle, n.f., (agri.) blight (in corn).

charcuter, v.a., to chop up (meat); to hack, to mangle.

charcuterie (-ku-trî), n.f., pork-butcher’s meat; pork-butcher’s business; dressed pork.

charcuti-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., (-tié, -ti-èr), pork-butcher.

chardon, n.m., thistle; spike (on a wall). — aux ânes; cotton-thistle. — à foulon; teasel. — étoilé; star-thistle.

chardonner, v.a., to teasel (cloth).

chardonneret (-do-n-rè), n.m., (orni.) gold-finch; painted-lady, butterfly.

chardonnette or cardonnette, n.f., prickly artichoke.

chardonnière, n.f., thistle-waste.

charge, n.f., load, lading, freight, pack; tax, expense; burden, clog; charge; accusation, imputation, indictment; post; place; office, employment; order, command, commission; custody, care; charge, onset; charge (of a gun); (vet., paint., jur.) charge; exaggeration, caricature. Femme de —; housekeeper. Être à — à quelqu’un; to be a burden upon any one. Cela est à ma —; I have to pay for that. Il faut prendre le bénéfice avec les —s; we must take the good with the bad. Faire une —; (milit.) to charge. Se démettre de sa —; to resign one’s place or office. On a donné trop de — à ce mur; this wall has been overloaded. Sonner la —; to sound the charge. Revenir à la —; to make a new attempt. À la — de, à la — que; upon condition that, provided that. Prendre —; to take in cargo. Rompre —; to break bulk.

chargé, -e, part., loaded, burdened; (print.) foul (of proofs). Dés —s; loaded dice; registered (of a letter). Le temps est —; the weather is overcast. — d’affaires; chargé d’affaires, envoy. — de cours; assistant-lecturer; professor; substitute.

chargeant, -e (-jān, -t), adj., clogging, heavy.

chargement, n.m., cargo, lading, freight, shipment; bill of lading; shipment.

charger, v.a., to load, to saddle, to lade, to freight, to charge; to burden, to clog, to overburthen, to encumber; to impute, to lay a thing to any one’s charge; to charge with, to command, to give a thing in charge, to trust with; to charge, to fall upon, to make an onset on; to load (a gun); to fill (pipe); to set down; to lay on; (paint.) to overcharge, to exaggerate. — un fusil; to load a gun. — toutes les voiles; to clap on all sails. — une lettre; to register a letter.

se charger, v.r., to take charge, to charge one’s self; to become overcast (of the weather); to burden one’s self, to saddle one’s self with.

charger, v.n., to load; to exaggerate, to lay it on.

chargeur, n.m., loader, ship-porter; (nav.) gunner.

☉charier. V. charrier.

chariot, n.m., wagon, cart, truck, trolley, wain. (astron.) Le grand —; Charles’ wain; Ursa Major. Le petit —; Ursa Minor.

charitable, adj., charitable.

charitablement, adv., charitably.

charité, n.f., charity, love, benevolence; alms, almsgiving. Faire la —; to give alms. Demander la —; to beg. — bien ordonnée commence par soi-même; charity begins at home. Sœur de —; sister of mercy. La —, s’il vous plaît! a penny, kind gentleman, if you please.

charivari, n.m., rough music, hubbub, clatter, noise, shindy.

charivariser, v.a., to give rough music; to kick up a row.

charivariseur, charivarieur, or charivariste, n.m., mock-musician; rioter, roysterer.

charlatan, n.m., mountebank, quack, charlatan, empiric, wheedler.

charlatane, n.f., wheedler.

charlataner, v.a., to gull, to wheedle, to cajole.

charlatanerie, n.f., quackery, charlatanery, juggling.

charlatanesque, adj., quackish.

charlatanisme, n.m., quackery, charlatanism, charlatanry.

charlemagne, n.m., (fig.) short broadsword. Faire —; to leave off a winner.

charlot, n.m., curlew. — de plage; sea-lark.

charlotte, n.f., (cook.) charlotte.

charmant, -e, adj., charming, delightful, pleasing, lovely.

charme, n.m., charm, spell, enchantment; attraction, delight; (bot.) horn-beam, yoke-elm. Cela vous va comme un —; that fits you perfectly, splendidly, to a tee. Se porter comme un —; to be in perfect health. Sous le —; under the spell.

charmer, v.a., to charm, to enchant, to bewitch, to fascinate; to captivate, to please, to delight, to beguile, to while away. Je suis charmé de vous voir; I am delighted to see you.

charmeur, n.m., (l.u.) charmer, enchanter.

charmeuse, n.f., (l.u.) bewitching woman, enchantress.

*charmille, n.f., horn-beam, yoke-elm; hedge of yoke-elm trees; bower, arbor.

charmoie, n.f., grove of hornbeam or yoke-elm trees.

charnel, -le, adj., carnal, sensual.

charnellement (-mān), adv., carnally.

charnier, n.m., charnel-house; ☉larder.

charnière, n.f., hinge, joint.

charnu, -e, adj., fleshy, plump; brawny, carneous.

charnure, n.f., flesh, skin.

*charogne, n.f., carrion; (fig.) blackguard.

charpente, n.f., timber-work, carpenter’s work; frame, frame-work. Bois de —; timber.

charpenter, v.a., to square timber; to hack, to mangle.

charpenterie (-pān-trî), n.f., carpentry; carpenter’s work, carpenter’s trade; timberwork; timber-yard (of dock-yards).

charpentier (-tié), n.m., carpenter; (whale-fishery), whale-cutter.

charpi, n.m., cooper’s block.

charpie, n.f., lint. En —; (of meat) boiled to rags.

charrée, n.f., buck-ashes; lye.

charretée (shar-tée), n.f., cart-load.

charretier (shar-tié), n.m., carman, carter, wagoner; plow-boy, plowman. Il n’y a si bon — qui ne verse; it’s a good horse that never stumbles. Jurer comme un — embourbé; to swear like a trooper.

charreti-er, -ère, adj., passable for carts, &c. Chemin —; cart-road. Voie —ère; track (space between the two wheels of a cart).

charrette, n.f., cart. — à bras; hand-cart. — à ressorts; spring-cart. Train de —; skeleton-cart. Mettre la — devant les bœufs; to put the cart before the horse. Mieux vaut être cheval que —; better lead than be led. C’est un avaleur de —s ferrées; he is a great brag.

charriage, n.m., cartage.

charrier, v.a., to cart, to bring in a cart; to drift; (med.) to be loaded with.

charrier, v.n., to drift (of ice), scud (of clouds). La rivière charrie; the river is filled with drift-ice. — droit; to behave properly; to do what is right.

charrier, n.m., bucking-cloth.

charroi, n.m., carting, wagonage.

charron, n.m., wheelwright.

charronnage, n.m., wheelwright’s work.

charroyer, v.a., to cart (heavy things).

charrue, n.f., plow. Mettre la — devant les bœufs; to put the cart before the horse. Passer la — sur; to plow. Tirer la —; to drudge, work hard.

charte, n.f., charter; policy; title-deeds. La grande —; Magna Charta.

charte-partie, n.f., (—s-—s) (com.) charter-party.

chartographe, n.m., chartographer.

chartographique, adj., chartographic.

chartographie, n.f., chartography; mapping.

☉charton or charreton, n.m., carter, coachman.

☉chartre, n.f., charter (old document).

☉chartre, n.f., prison; consumption. Tenir quelqu’un en — privée; to detain anyone illegally.

chartreuse, n.f., Carthusian convent; Carthusian nun; isolated country-house; (cook.) mixed vegetables. Liqueur —; (cordial).

chartreux, n.m., Carthusian friar, cat of a bluish gray.

chartrier, n.m., charter-house; charter-room, muniment-room; keeper of charters.

chartron, n.m. Faire or former le —; to stand in a row near the footlights.

charybde, n.m., Charybdis. Tomber de — en Scylla; to fall from the frying-pan into the fire.

chas, n.m., eye (of a needle); weaver’s starch; (tech.) plumb rule.

châsse, n.f., reliquary; shrine; frame; handle (of lancets); cheek (of a balance).

chassé, n.m., chasse, a step in dancing.

chasse, n.f., chase, hunt, hunting, chasing, pursuit; game; (mus.) chasse; play (of machinery). — à courre; coursing, hunting. — au tir; shooting. — au vol, — aux oiseaux; fowling. — aux flambeaux; bat fowling. Un garde-—; a game-keeper. Prendre — (nav.); to sheer off. Donner —; to pursue. Soutenir —; to maintain a running fight.

chasse-avant, n.m., (—) overseer, foreman.

chasse-chien, n.m., (—, or —-—s) beadle; keeper employed to drive away dogs.

chasse-coquins, n.m., (—, or —-—s) beggar-driver, beadle.

chasse-cousins, n.m., (—, or —-—s) paltry dinner, bad wine; cold shoulder, poor reception.

chasse-croisé, n.m., (—s-—s) (dancing) chasse-croisé; (fig.) a change of office or situation.

chasse-ennui, n.m., (—) an exhilarant, stimulant.

chasselas (shas-la), n.m., grapes, chasselas.

chasse-marée, n.m., (—) fish-cart; driver of a fish-cart; lugger.

chasse-mouches, n.m., (—) fly-flap; fly-net.

chasse-mulet, n.m., (—, or —-—s) miller’s man.

chasse-neige, n.m., snow-plow.

chasse-pierres, n.m., (—) (railways) guard-iron, cow-catcher; catapult.

*chasse-poignée, n.m., (—, or —-—s) cutler’s tool, driver.

chassepot, n.m., name of the rifle in use in the French army until 1871.

chasser, v.a., to hunt, to chase, to pursue; to beat (gold); to turn out, to expel; to drive, to drive forward. — un clou; to drive in a nail. — un domestique; to turn away, to discharge, a servant. Qui deux choses chasse, ni l’une ni l’autre ne prend; (prov.) between two stools one falls to the ground. — le mauvais air; to ventilate. Ne pas — deux lièvres à la fois; not to have too many irons in the fire. Un clou chasse l’autre; one idea drives away another. — la terre; (nav.) to approach, to reconnoiter, the coast.

chasser, v.n., to shoot; to hunt; to roll along easily; to drive (of clouds); (print.) to drive out. — au fusil; to shoot. — aux perdrix; to shoot partridges. — aux lions; to hunt lions. — sur son ancre; (nav.) to drag the anchor. — à courre; to hunt, to course. — au faucon; to hawk. — de race; (prov.) to be a chip of the old block. — aux blancs moineaux; to lose one’s time in running after impossibilities.

chasseresse (shas-rès), n.f., huntress.

chasse-roue, n.m., (—, or —-—s) spur-post; guard-iron.

chasseu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., hunter, sportsman; huntsman, gamekeeper; chasseur (footman); light infantry soldier; ship that chases another. —s à cheval; (milit.) light cavalry.

chassie, n.f., gum of the eye.

chassieu-x, -se, adj., blear-eyed.

châssis, n.m., (print.) chase; window-sash frame. Fenêtre à —; sash-window. — dormant; the fixed part of a window-frame. — de jardin, de couche; garden-frame; glass-frame. (motor) chassis. — presse; (phot.) printing-frame.

chassoir, n.m., cooper’s tool, driver; (tech.) drift.

chaste, adj., chaste, continent, honest, modest, pure, virtuous; (style) neat, correct, terse.

chastement, adv., chastely, honestly, purely, virtuously.

chasteté, n.f., chastity, chasteness, continence, purity.

chasuble, n.f., chasuble.

chasublier, n.m., maker of chasubles.

chat, n.m., -te, n.f., cat; darling, dear; searcher (to examine cannons); plumb-rule; (nav.) cat. Petit —; kitten. Herbe aux —s; cat’s-mint. — musqué; civet, musk-cat. — cervier; lynx. — bon aux souris; good mouser. — à neuf queues; cat-o’-nine-tails. Votre chatte est pleine; your cat is with kitten. À bon — bon rat; set a thief to catch a thief; tit for tat; diamond cut diamond. — échaudé craint l’eau froide; a burnt child dreads the fire. La nuit tous les —s sont gris; when candles are away all cats are grey. Il n’y a pas là de quoi fouetter un —; it is a mere trifle. N’éveillez pas le — qui dort; let sleeping dogs lie. Acheter — en poche; to buy a pig in a poke. Se servir de la patte du — pour tirer les marrons du feu; to make a cat’s-paw of anyone. Il n’y a pas un —; there is not a living soul there. Le — parti, les souris dansent; when the cat’s away the mice will play. Comme — sur braise; like a cat on hot bricks. Œil-de-—; calf’s snout, snapdragon. Patte-de-—; ground-ivy. Pied-de-—; cat’s-foot, ale-hoof, tune-hoof. Sabbat de —, musique de —; caterwauling. Mon petit —; (term of endearment) my dear, my darling. Appeler un — un —; to call a spade a spade, not to mince matters. Avoir un — dans la gorge; to have a phlegm in one’s throat (of singers). Nous avons d’autres —s à fouetter; we have other fish to fry. — en poche; a pig in a poke. Bailler le — par les pattes; to bell the cat. Ces gens vivent comme chien et —; these people live like cat and dog. Emporter le —; to go away without paying one’s reckoning, to take French leave.

*châtaigne, n.f., chestnut. — amère; horse-chestnut. — d’eau; water-caltrops.

*châtaigneraie, n.f., chestnut grove.

*châtaignier, n.m., chestnut-tree or wood.

châtain, adj., chestnut, nut-brown, auburn. — clair; light auburn.

chataire, n.f. V. cataire.

château, n.m., castle, fort, citadel; country-seat, mansion, palace. — fort; fortress. — seigneurial; baronial-hall. Faire des —x en Espagne; to build castles in the air. — de carte; house of cards. — d’eau; water-works, artificial fountain.

châteaubriand, n.m., fillet-steak.

châtelain (shâ-tlin), n.m., -e, n.f. and adj., lord, lady, of a manor, squire.

châtelé, -e, adj., (her.) turreted.

☉châtelet (sha-tlè), n.m., small castle; a former prison or law-courts at Paris.

☉châtellenie, n.f., castellany, castle-ward.

☉chatepeleuse, n.f., curculio, weevil.

chat-huant (sha-uān), n.m., (—s-—s) owl, screech-owl, horn-owl.

châtiable, adj., chastisable, punishable.

châtier (-tié), v.a., to chastise, to correct, to punish, to scourge, to flog; (c.rel.) to chasten. Qui aime bien, châtie bien; spare the rod and spoil the child. — une pièce de vers; to polish a piece of poetry.

chatière (-ti-èr), n.f., cat’s hole; cat-trap.

châtiment, n.m., chastisement, correction, punishment, castigation; (c.rel.) chastening.

chatoiement or chatoîment, n.m., chatoyment, sparkling, glistening, play of colors.

chaton, n.m., kitten; bezel (of a ring); outward husk or cup of the nut; (bot.) catkin; case of a watch.

*chatouillement, n.m., tickling; titillation.

*chatouiller, v.a., to tickle, to titillate; to please, to gratify; to flatter; to touch a horse lightly with the spur.

se chatouiller, v.r., to tickle oneself; to excite oneself (to gayety, good humor).

*chatouilleu-x, -se, adj., ticklish, delicate, nice; touchy.

chatoyant, -e, adj., chatoyant, shot, glistening (of colors).

chatoyer, v.n., to be chatoyant, to glisten; to play (of colors); (of style) to be florid.

chat-pard, n.m., (—s-—s) mountain-cat.

châtré, n.m., eunuch. Voix de —; shrill voice.

châtré, -e, adj., emasculate, castrated.

châtrer, v.a., to castrate; to expurgate; to take away the honey and wax from a bee-hive; to lop, prune; (fig.) to mutilate, to curtail, to retrench; (vet.) to geld. — une truie; to spay a sow. — des cotrets; to take sticks from fagots of wood. — les tiges de tabac; to top tobacco-plants.

se châtrer, v.r., to castrate oneself; to be mutilated (of books, plays, &c.).

châtreur, n.m., gelder.

châtrure, n.f., castrating; gelding.

chatte, n.f., she-cat. V. chat.

chattée, n.f., litter of kittens.

chattemite, n.f., demure-looking person; hypocrite, dissembler.

chatter, v.n., to kitten.

chatterie, n.f., playfulness; hypocritical caress; daintiness; pretty or coaxing way.

chaud, -e, adj., hot, warm, burning, glowing; ardent; fervent, fervid, fierce; zealous, eager; coaxing, hasty, hot-headed, passionate; proud (of animals). Fièvre —e; violent fever. Pleurer à —es larmes; to cry bitterly. Tomber de fièvre en — mal; to fall out of the frying-pan into the fire. Faire —; to be warm (of weather). Avoir la tête —e; to be passionate. Tout —; quite hot. Il faut battre le fer pendant qu’il est —; (prov.) strike while the iron is hot; make hay while the sun shines. Cet ouvrage est tout —; this work is quite new. Ne trouver rien de trop — ni de trop froid; to wish to have everything. La donner bien —e; to excite unnecessarily great alarm. Être — de vin; (fam.) to be a little sprung. L’action fut —e; (milit.) the engagement was a warm one. Manger —, boire —; to eat, drink, warm things.

chaud, n.m., heat, warmth. Il fait —; it is hot. Il fait grand —; it is very hot. Avoir —; to be hot. Souffrir le — et le froid; to endure heat and cold. Cela ne fait ni — ni froid; that is immaterial, of no importance; that is neither here nor there. Souffler le — et le froid; to blow hot and cold in the same breath. Cela ne lui fait ni — ni froid; that is quite indifferent to him.

chaud, adv., hot, warm.

chaude, n.f., (metal.) heating. Battre la —; to beat whilst the metal is hot. À la —; in the first heat of passion, on the spur of the moment.

☉chaudeau, n.m., caudle; egg-flip.

chaudelait, n.m., batter-pudding.

chaudement (shôd-mān), adv., warmly, briskly, quickly, eagerly, fiercely, hotly.

chaud-froid, n.m., fancy dish (eaten cold).

chaudier, v.n., (hunt.) (of bitches) to be proud; to couple.

chaudière, n.f., copper, large kettle; boiler (of a steam-engine).

chaudret or chauderet, n.m., (gold-beating) mould of about one thousand leaves.

chaudron, n.m., large kettle, boiler, caldron.

chaudronnée, n.f., caldronful, kettleful.

chaudronnerie, n.f., coppersmith’s trade, copper wares, brazier’s wares.

chaudronni-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., brazier, coppersmith. — de campagne; tinker.

chauffage, n.m., fuel, firewood, firing; right of cutting firewood; (nav.) breaming.

chauffe, n.f., (metal.) furnace.

chauffe-assiettes, n.m., (—) plate-warmer.

chauffe-chemise, n.m., (—, or —-—s) or chauffe-linge, n.m., (—) clothes-horse, linen-warmer.

chauffe-cire, n.m., (—) (pers.) chafe-wax.

chauffe-lit, n.m., (—, or —-—s) bed-warmer.

chauffe-pieds, n.m., (—) foot-warmer.

chauffer, v.a., to heat, to warm; to excite. — un vaisseau; (nav.) to bream a ship. — un poste; (milit.) to keep up a sharp fire on a post. — quelqu’un; to pay any one off.

se chauffer, v.r., to warm one’s self. Ne pas se — du même bois; not to be of the same way of thinking. Savoir de quel bois on se chauffe; to know what stuff anyone is made of.

chauffer, v.n., to be heating, to grow hot; to be brewing; to be urgent, pressing; (of a steam engine) to get up steam. Ce n’est pas pour vous que le four chauffe; there is nothing for you.

chaufferette (shô-frèt), n.f., foot-warmer (in the house); chafing-dish.

chaufferie, n.f., chafery, stoke-hole.

chauffeur, n.m., fireman, stoker, chauffeur; bellows-blower; (fig.) braggart, humbug.

chauffoir, n.m., warming-place; warm cloth; heater.

chauffure, n.f., flaw (in iron or steel).

chaufour, n.m., lime-kiln.

chaufournier, n.m., lime-burner.

chaulage, n.m., (agri.) liming.

chauler, v.a., to lime; to steep wheat in lime-water previous to sowing it.

chaulier, n.m., lime-burner.

chaumage, n.m., stubble-cutting; time at which stubble is cut.

chaume, n.m., stubble; stubble-field; thatch; (bot.) culm, haulm. Être né sous le —; to be born in a cottage. Couvreur en —; thatcher. Couvrir de —; to thatch. Plein de —; stubbly.

chaumer, v.a. and n., to cut stubble.

chaumière, n.f., thatched house, cottage, cot.

chaumine, n.f., small cottage, hut.

chaussant, -e, adj., (l.u.) easy to put on, fitting (leg or foot).

chausse, n.f., stocking, hose; shoulder-knot; straining-bag, filter. — d’aisances; waste-pipe of a water-closet.

chaussé, -e, part., shod. Bien —; well-shod, nicely booted. Ils sont chaussés au même point; they get on capitally.

chaussée, n.f., causeway; bank, highway. Au rez de —; level with the ground. J’habite le rez-de-chaussée; I live on the ground-floor.

chausse-pied, n.m., (—-—s) shoe-horn; (fig.) help, assistance.

chausser, v.a., to put on (shoes, boots, stockings); to make shoes; to get firmly fixed into one’s head; to suit; (man.) to put one’s feet too far forward in the stirrups. — le cothurne; to put on the buskin, go on the tragic stage; to write in an inflated style. — le brodequin; to put on the sock, go on the comic stage; to compose, to act comedy. Les cordonniers sont les plus mal chaussés; nobody is worse shod than the shoemaker’s wife. — des arbres; to earth up trees. — une opinion; to be wedded to an opinion. Cet homme n’est pas aisé à chausser; (fam. and fig.) that man is not easily persuaded.

se chausser, v.r., to put on one’s shoes, boots, stockings; to become strongly wedded to an opinion.

chausser, v.n., to make boots or shoes, to wear shoes. Ils chaussent au même point; they wear shoes of the same size; (fig.) they are of the same stamp.

chausses, n.f.pl., breeches, small-clothes, trowsers. — à tuyaux d’orgue; trunk hose. Ne pas avoir de —; to be very poor. Avoir la clef de ses —; to be one’s own master. Laisser ses — quelque part; to leave one’s bones somewhere, to die. Tirer ses —; to scamper away. Elle porte les —; she wears the breeches.

chaussetier (shôs-tié), n.m., hosier.

chausse-trape, n.f., (—-—s) (milit.) caltrop; snare, trap; (bot.) star-thistle.

chaussette, n.f., sock; under-stocking; anklet.

chausson, n.m., sock; under-stocking; pump; light shoe (worn when playing rackets, or when fencing); list-shoe; puff-paste; fruit-tart.

chaussure, n.f., foot-gear, shoes, slippers, boots, pumps. Il a trouvé — à son pied; he has found what he wanted; he has met with his match.

chauve, adj., bald, baldpated.

chauve-souris, n.f., (—s-—) bat, flitter-mouse.

☉chauveté (shôv-té), n.f., baldness, calvity.

chauvinisme, n.m., Chauvinism.

chauvir, v.n., to prick up the ears (of horses, asses, mules).

chaux, n.f., lime; limestone; (chem.) calx, lime. — éteinte; slaked lime. — vive; quicklime. Pierre à —; limestone. Donner un blanc de —; (mas.) to give a coat of whitewash. Être fait à — et à ciment, or à — et à mortier; to be well and solidly done.

chavirement, n.m., capsizing, upsetting.

chavirer, v.n., to capsize, to upset.

chavirer, v.a., to turn upside down; to turn inside out.

chebec, n.m., (nav.) xebec.

chef, n.m., chief, head, commander, conductor, master, principal, ringleader, foreman (of a jury); fag-end (of a piece of linen); (nav.) end of a cable; (med.) tail of a bandage. En —; in chief. — de bureau; senior clerk. — de cabinet; head of a department. — d’état-major; chief of the staff. — d’état major-général; quarter-master-general. — de musique; band-master. — d’orchestre; musical-director. — de parti; party-leader. — de pièce; captain of a gun. — de rayon; (com.) head of a department. — de train; railway guard. — de famille; head of a house. — de cuisine; master-cook. — d’accusation; count of indictment, charge. Faire quelque chose de son —; to do a thing on one’s own responsibility. De son —; in one’s own right.

chef-d’œuvre (shè-deuvr), n.m., (—s-—) trial piece; master-piece; master-stroke.

☉chefecier. V. chevecier.

chef-lieu, n.m., (—s-—x) chief residence; head-quarters, chief town; county-town.

chégros, n.m., shoemaker’s thread or end, cobbler’s-ends, wax end.

cheik or scheik, n.m., sheik.

chéiroptère (ké-). V. chiroptère.

chélidoine (ké-), n.f., (bot.) celandine, swallow-wort.

chélone (ké-), n.f., (bot.) chelone, snake-head, shell-flower.

chélonée (ké-), n.f., sea-tortoise.

chélonite (ké-), n.f., chelonite.

☉se chêmer, v.r., to fall away, to waste, to pine.

chemin, n.m., way, road, path, track; means; course; (nav.) way; (railways) line, road. Grand —; highway, high-road. Voleur de grands —s; highwayman. — passant; much frequented thoroughfare. —s vicinaux, communaux; village, parochial roads. — de traverse; cross-road. — détourné; out of the way road. — de fer; railway, railroad. — de fer à rail plat; tramroad. — de service; (railways) attendant path. Embranchement de — de fer; branch railway. Le — de l’hôpital; the way to the work-house. — couvert; (fort.) covered way, corridor. — de halage; towing-path. À mi-—; half-way. — faisant; on the way. — de velours; the primrose path. Le — des écoliers; the longest way. Se mettre en —; to begin a journey. Rebrousser —; to go back. Être toujours par voie et par —; to be always gadding about. Aller toujours son —; to pursue one’s point. Aller son petit bonhomme de —; to jog along quietly. Passez votre —; go your way. Tout — mène à Rome; there are more ways to heaven than one. Ce jeune homme fera son —; this young man will make his way. N’y pas aller par quatre —s; not to beat about the bush. Qui trop se hâte, reste en —; slow and sure wins the race. — de Saint-Jacques; (astron.) milky-way. Faire voir du —; to give trouble.

chemineau, n.m., portable stove; tramp.

cheminée, n.f., chimney; fire-place; mantel-shelf; nipple (of a percussion gun). Tuyau de —; chimney-flue. Ramoneur de —; chimney-sweep. Corps de —; chimney-stack. Sous le manteau de la —; secretly (sub rosâ). Il faut faire une croix à la —; we must chalk that up. Se chauffer à la — du roi René; to warm one’s self in the sun.

cheminement, n.m., (milit.) approach, progress (of siege operations).

cheminer, v.n., to walk, to go; to proceed leisurely; to be well connected (of things). Ce poème chemine bien; the various parts of this poem are well connected.

chemise, n.f., shirt, shift, chemise; (fort., mas.) chemise; coat (of a mold); wrapper, cover, envelope; case. — blanche; clean shirt. — de nuit; night-gown; night-shirt. — de mailles; coat of mail. Vendre jusqu’à sa —; to sell the shirt off one’s back. Passer une —; to put on a shirt. La peau est plus proche que la —; near is my shirt, but nearer is my skin. En manches de —; in shirt-sleeves. Le temps de mettre une —; just time to dress.

chemiser, v.a., to coat.

chemiserie, n.f., shirt-warehouse; shirt-making; shirts.

chemisette, n.f., light under-waistcoat; shirt-front; dicky; chemisette. Corps de —; habit-shirt.

chemisi-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., shirt-maker.

chênaie, n.f., oak-plantation.

chenal, n.m., channel, watercourse (of harbors, &c.); (geog.) track; gutter (of roofs).

chenaler, v.n., (nav.) to sail through a channel.

chenapan, n.m., (pop.) vagabond, good for nothing wretch, scamp, blackguard.

chêne, n.m., (bot.) oak. De —; oaken. — vert; evergreen-oak. — liège; cork-tree.

chêneau, n.m., young oak.

chéneau, n.m., gutter (of roofs).

chenet, n.m., andiron, fire-dog.

chênette, n.f., (bot.) germander. — amère; wall germander.

chènevière, n.f., hemp-field.

chènevis (shèn-vi), n.m., hemp-seed.

chènevotte, n.f., boon, stalk (of hemp).

chènevotter, v.n., (agri.) to shoot weak wood.

chenil (-ni), n.m., dog-kennel; dirty hovel; kennel of hounds.

*chenille, n.f., caterpillar, worm; kind of silk cord; kind of dressing-gown; evil doer; bore (troublesome person). — velue; hairy caterpillar. — rase; naked caterpillar. Laid comme une —; as ugly as a toad.

*chenillette, n.f., (bot.) caterpillar.

chénopode (ké-), n.m., (bot.) all-good.

chenu, -e, adj., hoary, hoar-back; gray-headed.

cheptel (shĕ-tèl), n.m., (jur.) lease of cattle; cattle leased out.

chèque, n.m., check; cheque. — barré; crossed cheque.

ch-er, -ère, adj., dear, beloved; dear, costly, expensive. Rendre —; to endear. Il fait — vivre à Paris; living is dear in Paris.

cher, adv., dear, dearly. Acheté, payé —; dear bought. Je le lui ferai payer plus — qu’au marché; I will make him pay dearly for it. Faire payer trop —; to ask too much for.

chᵉʳ., ab. for Chevalier.

chercher, v.a., to seek, to look for, to search, to be in quest of; to endeavor, to cast about for, to attempt, to try to find. Que cherchez-vous? what are you looking for? Aller —; to go and bring, to go and fetch, to go for. Je viendrai vous —; I will come for you. Envoyer —; to send for. Il est allé — son cheval; he has gone to fetch his horse. Allez me — la lettre; go and bring me the letter. — noise, — querelle à; to pick a quarrel with. — quelqu’un par mer et par terre; to look for any one high and low. — des yeux; to look for. — midi à quatorze heures; to seek for difficulties where there are none; (prov.) to look for a knot in a bulrush. Le bien cherche le bien; money begets money; money flies to money; deep calls to deep.

chercheu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., seeker, searcher, inquirer. — de franches lippées; spunger.

chère, n.f., cheer, entertainment, fare; reception. Bonne —; junketing. Homme de bonne —; a man who likes good living. Faire bonne —; to live well. Faire maigre —; to live poorly. Ne savoir quelle — faire à quelqu’un; not to know how to welcome any one enough. Il n’est — que d’appétit; hunger is the best sauce. Il n’est — que de vilain; there is nothing like a miser’s feast. Faire — de prince à quelqu’un; treat any one sumptuously.

chèrement, adv., dearly, tenderly; dear, at a high price.

chéri, -e, part., beloved, cherished.

chérif, n.m., (—s) cherif (Arabian prince).

chérir, v.a., to love dearly, to cherish; to hug.

chérissable, adj., deserving, worthy of love.

cherté, n.f., dearness, high price, dearth.

chérubin, n.m., cherub.

chervis, n.m., (bot.) skirret.

chéti-f, -ve, adj., lean, thin, pitiful, piteous, puny; sorry, bad, mean, wretched.

chétivement (-tiv-mān), adv., meanly, pitifully, sorrily, poorly, penuriously; feebly.

cheulard, n.m., lout, gaby.

cheval, n.m., horse, nag; horse-flesh; (astron.) horse. — de frise; cheval de frise. — fondu; saddle my nag (game). — marin; sea-horse. — de rivière; river-horse. Fer à —; horse-shoe. — gris pommelé, truité, aubère, rouan, poil de souris, isabelle, soupe au lait; dapple-gray, trout-colored, fleabitten-gray, roan, mouse-colored, light dun, cream-colored, horse. Petit —; nag, pony. — de parade, de bataille; prancer, charger. — de selle, de chasse, de trait; saddle-horse, hunter, draught-horse. — de brancard, de main, à deux mains; shaft-horse, led-horse, saddle and shaft-horse. — de bât; pack-horse; lout, booby. — de course, d’amble; race-horse, nag. — de Barbarie or Barbe; barb. — entier; — hongre; entire horse, stone-horse; gelding. — à bascule; rocking-horse. — simulé; (fowling) stalking-horse. — de bois; (milit.) horse (for punishment). — de charrue, de labour; plow-horse. — de conduite; led horse. — de gauche; near-side horse. — sous la main; off-side horse. — de louage; horse for hire, livery horse. — à une main; horse for riding or driving only. — à deux mains, à deux fins, à toutes mains; horse for riding and driving. — de race, de pur sang; blood-horse. — au vert; grass-horse. — qui a beaucoup d’action; high stepper. Chevaux de frise; (milit.) chevaux de frise. Case, wagon, pour les chevaux; horse-box. Chair de —; horse-flesh. L’art de monter à —; horsemanship. Aller à —; to ride. À —! to horse! Être à —; to be on horseback. Être à — sur un bâton; to ride a stick. Il est le — de bât; he is the drudge. Travail de —; hard work. Brider son — par la queue; to begin at the wrong end. Parler à —; to speak magisterially, severely. Être mal à —; to be in a quandary. Monter sur ses grands chevaux; to ride the high horse. À — donné il ne faut point regarder à la bride; one must not look a gift horse in the mouth. Il n’est si bon — qui ne bronche; ’tis a good horse that never stumbles. Huile de —; horse-grease. Être à — sur l’étiquette; to be a stickler for etiquette. Changer son — borgne contre un aveugle; to make a bad bargain; to change for the worse. L’œil du maître engraisse le —; matters prosper under the master’s eye.

chevalement, n.m., (arch.) prop, stay, shore.

chevaler, v.a., to prop, to shore up.

chevaler, v.n., to run about, to run up and down.

chevaleresque, adj., chivalrous, knightly.

chevalerie, n.f., knighthood, chivalry. — errante; knight-errantry.

chevalet, n.m., wooden horse (instrument of torture); bridge (of a stringed instrument); easel; the gallows of a printing-press; horse for scraping hides on; sawing-trestle or horse; buttress, prop, shore; clothes-horse; cross-beam (of a dormer window); pyrotechnist’s horse or rack; (nav.) roller (to pass the cables from one place to another). Tableau de —; (paint.) easel-piece.

chevalier, n.m., knight; cavalier; knight (at chess); (orni.) sandpiper. Armer quelqu’un —; to dub any one a knight. — d’honneur; the first gentleman-usher to the queen. Le — du guet; formerly the captain of the night watch at Paris. — de l’arquebuse; one of the artillery-company. — errant; knight-errant. — d’industrie; one that lives by his wits, sharper, swindler. — de la coupe; tavern-knight. Se faire le — de quelqu’un; to stand up for any one. — de Saint-Louis; knight of St. Louis. — de la légion d’honneur; knight of the legion of honor. — rouge; (orni.) red-shank.

chevalière, n.f., knight’s lady; signet-ring.

chevaline, adj., equine, of horses.

chevalis, n.m., passage, canal (cut in the bed of a river).

☉chevance, n.f., goods and chattels, substance.

chevane, n.f., (pisc.) chub, cheven.

chevauchage, n.m., (print.) riding.

chevauchant, -e, adj., (bot.) equitant.

chevauchée, n.f., circuit, progress; riding.

chevauchement (-vôsh-mān), n.m., (of bones) overlapping.

chevaucher, v.n., to ride, to be astride; (nav.) to ride, to cross; (carp.) to overlap; (print. and surg.) to ride.

chevaucher, v.a. — le vent; to beat up against the wind.

chevaucheur, n.m., rider, horseman.

☉à chevauchons, adv., astraddle.

chevau-léger, n.m., light-horseman. —-—s; light cavalry.

chevêche, n.f., white owl, owlet, church owl.

chevecier, n.m., dean (of certain chapters).

chevelé, -e, adj., (her.) (of the hair) crined.

cheveline (shĕv-), n.f., coral club-top.

chevelu, -e, (shĕve-), adj., long-haired, hairy; (bot.) fibrous; (of literature) romantic. Comète —e; haired comet. Cuir —; scalp.

chevelu, n.m., (bot.) chevelure; beard of the root.

chevelure (shĕv-), n.f., hair, head of hair; scalp. La — de Bérénice; (constellation) Berenice’s hair (Coma Berenices).

chever, v.a., (gold.) to hollow out.

chevet, n.m., pillow; bolster; the head (of a bed); bedside; (nav.) cushion, bag. Droit de —; sort of fee or present. Le — d’une église; apsis of a church. Trouver quelque chose sous son —; to dream of anything. C’est son épée de —; he is his trusty councilor.

chevêtre, n.m., halter; (carp.) binding-joist; (surg.) bandage to support the lower jaw.

cheveu, n.m., hair. Les —x; the hair of the head. —x de Vénus; (bot.) maiden-hair. Tresse de —x; plait of hair. —x roux; sandy hair. —x d’ébène; raven locks. —x épars; disheveled locks. —x postiches; false hair. Je désire me faire couper les —x; I want to have my hair cut. Raser les —x; to shave the head. Se prendre aux —x; to take one another by the hair. Cela fait dresser les —x sur la tête; that makes one’s hair stand on end. Prendre l’occasion aux —x; to take time by the forelock. En —x; bare-headed (wearing nothing on one’s head). Tiré par les —x; far-fetched.

*chevillage, n.m., pegging, bolting.

chevillard, n.m., carcass-butcher, meat-salesman.

*cheville, n.f., peg, pin; bolt; plug; botch, stop-gap; (poet.) line or word of necessity; (nav.) iron bolt; branch (of a deer’s head). Trouver à chaque trou une —; to find a peg for every hole. — ouvrière; pole-bolt of a coach; principal agent, mainspring of a party, of an affair. La — du pied; the ankle-bone. — à goujon; common bolt. — à goupille; forelock bolt. — à bouche et à croc; bolt with ring and hook. — à tête de diamant; square-headed bolt. — à pointe perdue; short drove-bolt. — d’affût; gun-carriage bolt. — à cosse; fender-bolt. Vous ne lui allez pas à la —; you are a pigmy compared with him; no match for him. À la —; by the carcass, or half carcass.

*chevillé, -e, adj., (her.) branched.

*cheviller, v.a., to peg or pin, to fasten with a peg; (dy.) to wring. Des vers chevillés; botched verses. Il a l’âme chevillée dans le corps; he has nine lives.

*chevillette, n.f., key or peg (of a book-binder’s sewing press).

*chevillon, n.m., turner’s peg.

*chevillot, n.m., (nav.) toggle, belaying-pin.

*chevillure, n.f., branches of a deer’s head.

chèvre, n.f., she-goat, nanny-goat; (mec.) crab, gin; crane; (astron.) capella. Enter en pied de —; to graft slopeways. Barbe-de-—; (bot.) jew’s beard. — à musc; musk goat, Thibet musk. Avoir la —, prendre la —; to take offense. Ménager la — et le chou; to run with the hare and hold with the hounds. Où la — est attachée il faut qu’elle broute; one must bow to circumstances.

chevreau, n.m., kid; kid (skin).

*chèvrefouille, n.m., honeysuckle. — des bois; woodbine.

chèvre-pied or chèvre-pieds, adj., (of satyrs) goat-footed.

chevrette, n.f., roe, doe; shrimp, prawn; syrup-pot; little andiron or fire dog.

*chevreuil, n.m., roebuck, roe-deer; venison.

chevri-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., goat-herd.

*chevrillard, n.m., young roebuck.

chevron, n.m., rafter; stripe (on a soldier’s sleeve); (nav.) scantling, long wedge; (her.) chevron. — de long pan; long rafter. —s de croupe; hips. —s cintrés; arched rafters. —s de remplage; joists. Mettre les —s à la batterie; to apply the wedges to the trucks.

chevronné, -e, adj., (her.) chevroned.

☉chevrotage, n.m., goat-fee.

chevrotain, n.m., chevrotain.

chevrotant, -e, adj., quivering, tremulous.

chevrotement (-mān), n.m., tremulous motion, trembling, quivering of the voice.

chevroter, v.n., to kid; to sing or speak in a tremulous voice.

chevrotin, n.m., kid leather.

chevrotine, n.f., buck-shot.

chez (shé), prep., at, to, in, one’s house; at the house of; at, to, the native place of; in, with; among. J’ai été — vous; I have been at your house. Chacun est maître — soi; every man is master in his own house. Je viens de — vous; I come from your house. J’ai pas se par — vous; I called at your house in passing. Je viens de — ma mère; I come from my mother’s. C’est — lui une habitude; it a habit with him. Avoir un — soi; to have a home of one’s own. Il n’y a pas de petit — soi; home is home, be it ever so homely.

chiaoux, n.m., Turkish officer, messenger.

chiasse, n.f., dross, scum; dung (of flies).

chibouque, n.f., chibouk (Turkish pipe).

chic, n.m., tact, effect, knack, style (paint.). Il a du —; there is something stylish about him.

chicambaut, n.m., (nav.) bumkin, luff-block.

chicane, n.f., cavil, evasion, quibble; chicanery, pettifogging, caviling, quibbling; the quirks of the law; wrangling. Gens de —; pettifoggers. Chercher — a quelqu’un; to pick a trumpery quarrel with any one.

chicaner, v.n., to chicane, to cavil, to quibble, to use tricks, to quarrel with; to use quirks, shifts; to wrangle, to perplex. — le vent; (nav.) to hug the wind.

chicanerie (shi-), n.f., chicanery; quibbling, caviling.

chicaneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., chicani-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., and adj., chicaner, caviler, pettifogger, wrangler; litigious, caviling, wrangling.

chicard, -e, adj., (pop.) swellish.

chiche, adj., niggardly, penurious, stingy, scurvy, shabby, scanty, sordid, sparing, parsimonious, niggard. Pois —s; chick-peas, dwarf-peas.

chichement (shish-mān), adv., niggardly, penuriously, stingily, parsimoniously.

☉chicheté, n.f., niggardliness, covetousness, penuriousness.

chicon, n.m., cos-lettuce; heart (of).

chicoracé, -e, adj., endive-like, chicoraceous.

chicoracée, n.f., (bot.) chicoraceous plant.

chicorée, n.f., succory, endive, chicory.

chicot, n.m., small broken piece of wood; stump (of teeth); stub, stump (of trees). — du Canada; bonduc.

chicoter, v.n., (pop.) to wrangle, to trifle, to split hairs.

chicotin, n.m., orpine, rosewort, rose-root, livelong; juice of bitter apple. Amer comme —; as bitter as gall.

chie-en-lit, n.m., (—) merry-andrew, masker, jack-pudding.

chien, n.m., -ne, n.f. (-in, -è-n), dog, bitch; cock (of a gun or pistol). — babillard; (hunt.) liar. — caniche; poodle-dog; poodle; water-dog. — volant; tailless bat. Grand —; dog-star. — de pure race; true-bred dog. — métis; half-bred dog; mongrel. Cette chienne est pleine; that bitch is with pup. — d’arrêt; pointer. — couchant; setter; toad-eater; lick-spittle. — courant; beagle. — turc; Barbary, Turkish dog. — d’attache; ban-dog. — de basse-cour; house-dog. — de berger; shepherd’s dog. — de boucher; mastiff. — de ferme; house-dog. — marin, — de mer; (ich.) dog-fish, hound-fish. — de race; thorough-bred dog. — pour le renard; fox-hound. — pour le sanglier; boar-hound. — du grand Saint-Bernard; Alpine mastiff. — de Terre-neuve; Newfoundland dog. — terrier; terrier. Une meute de —s; a pack of hounds. Un petit —, un jeune —; a puppy, a whelp. — de salon; lap-dog. Chasser au — d’arrêt; to shoot over dogs. Donner lâcher les —s; to let loose, cast off, the dogs. Jeter sa langue aux —s; to give it up (of a riddle). C’est Saint Roch et son —; they are like Darby and Joan; they are inseparable. Hâler les —s; to set on the dogs. Rompre les —s; to call off the dogs. Être comme un — à l’attache; to be like a galley-slave. Faire le — couchant; to creep and crouch and truckle. Mener une vie de —; to lead a dog’s life. Bons —s chassent de race; like father, like son; cat after kind. Entre — et loup; in the dusk of the evening. Ils s’accordent comme — et chat; they agree like cat and dog. Leurs —s ne chassent pas ensemble; they don’t agree together. Qui m’aime, aime mon —; love me, love my dog. — qui aboie ne mord pas; his bark is worse than his bite. — hargneux a toujours l’oreille déchirée; quarrelsome curs have dirty coats. Qui veut noyer son — l’accuse de la rage; give your dog a bad name, and hang him. Un — regarde bien un évêque; a cat may look at a king. C’est le — du jardinier; it is the dog in the manger. Autant vaut être mordu d’un — que d’une chienne; as well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb. Être reçu comme un — dans un jeu de quilles; to be as welcome as a dog at a wedding.

chien de mer or chien marin, n.m., (ich.) dog-fish, hound-fish.

chiendent, n.m., dog-grass, quitch-grass, couch-grass. — fossile; amianthus.

chiennée, n.f., a litter of pups.

chienner (shiè-), v.n., to whelp, to pup.

chiffe, n.f., poor stuff; rags.

chiffon, n.m., rag, scrap; trinket, frippery. Mon petit —; you little darling.

chiffonnage, n.m., (paint.) rumpled drapery; rumpling, crumpling, tumbling.

chiffonne, adj.f., (gard.) puny, useless. Branche —; puny, stunted, branch.

chiffonner, v.a., to rumple, to wrinkle, to crumple, to tumble, to ruffle, to tease, to vex.

chiffonni-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., rag-picker.

chiffonni-er, n.m., or -ère, n.f., chiffonier.

chiffre, n.m., figure, number; total amount; cipher; flourish of letters, monogram; digit. — périodique; (arith.) figure of the recurring period. Ecrire en —; to write in cipher.

chiffrer, v.n., to cipher, to mark, to write in cipher.

chiffrer, v.a., to cipher, to foot up; to figure, to number (of music).

chiffreur, n.m., reckoner.

*chignon, n.m., nape (of the neck); hair twisted behind, chignon.

chimère, n.f., (myth.) chimera; myth, idle fancy, vain imagination; (conch., ich.) chimera.

chimérique, adj., chimerical, visionary, fantastical.

chimériquement, adv., chimerically.

chimie, n.f., chemistry.

chimique, adj. chemical.

chimiste, n.m., chemist.

chimpanzé, n.m., (zoöl.) chimpanzee.

china, n.m., (bot.) China-root. V. squine.

chinchilla, n.m., (mam.) chinchilla.

chiner, v.a., (manu.) to color, to dye.

chinois, -e, n. and adj., Chinese.

chinoiserie, n.f., Chinese ornament; knick-knack; folly, farce, joke.

chiourme, n.f., convict-gang.

chiper, v.a., to pilfer, to crib, to prig, to bag.

chipie, n.f., affected, mincing, peevish woman; prude.

chipoter, v.n., to dally, to trifle, to dispute about trifles; to higgle; to haggle.

chipoti-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., trifler, dallier, shuffler; higgler, haggler.

chique, n.f., quid of tobacco; (ent.) chegre, chegoe, chigre; marble (to play with).

chiquenaude (shik-nôd), n.f., fillip.

chiquenauder, v.a., to fillip.

chiquer, v.n., to chew tobacco; to eat heartily; (paint.) to dash off.

chiquet, n.m., driblet, bit; shred. Un — de vin; a drop of wine. — à —; bit by bit.

chiragre (ki-), n.f., chiragra.

☉chirimoya, n.f., custard-apple.

chirographaire (ki-), adj., on note of hand.

chirologie (ki-), n.f., chirology.

chiromancie (ki-), n.f., chiromancy, palmistry.

chiromancien (ki-), n.m., chiromancer.

chirone, n.f., (bot.) centaury.

chiroptère (ki-), n.m., (mam.) cheiropter, bat.

chirurgical, -e, adj., surgical.

chirurgie, n.f., surgery.

chirurgien (-in), n.m., surgeon. Aide-—, (—s-—s) assistant surgeon.

chirurgique, adj., surgical.

chiste (kist), n.m., (surg.) cyst.

chiure, n.f., fly-blow. Marqué de —s de mouches; fly-bitten. Faire des —s de mouches sur; to fly-blow.

chlamyde (kla-), n.f., chlamys.

chlorate (klo-), n.m., (chem.) chlorate.

chlore (klor), n.m., (chem.) chlorine; (bot.) yellow-wort.

chloré, -e (klo-), adj., chloruretted.

chlorhydrate (klo-), n.m., (chem.) hydrochlorate.

chlorhydrique (klo-), adj., (chem.) hydrochloric, muriatic.

chloride (klo-), n.m., (chem.) a combination of chlorine with a simple substance, chloride.

chlorique (klo-), adj., (chem.) chloric.

chloroforme (klo-), n.m., chloroform.

chloroformer, v.a., to administer chloroform.

chloromètre (klo-), n.m., chlorometer.

chlorométrie (klo-), n.f., chlorometry.

chlorose (klo-rôz), n.f., (med.) chlorosis, green sickness; (bot.) etiolation.

chlorotique (klo-), adj., chlorotic.

chlorure (klo-), n.m., chloride.

choc, n.m., shock, clashing, encounter; brunt; collision, disaster, blow. Soutenir le —; to stand the shock.

chocolat, n.m., chocolate. Bâton de —; stick of chocolate.

chocolati-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., chocolate-maker; chocolate-dealer.

chocolatière (-ti-èr), n.f., chocolate-pot.

chœur (keur), n.m., choir, chorus. Enfant de —; choir boy, chorister. Chanter en —; to sing in chorus.

choir (chu), v.n., to fall.

choisir, v.a., to choose, to make choice of; to pitch upon, to pick out; to nominate; to single out, to select. Il n’y a point à —; there is no choice left. Se —; to choose for one’s self.

choix (shoâ), n.m., choice, choosing, option, selection, distinction, discernment. Par —; from choice. Sans —; indifferently. Au —; all at one price. Avoir le — forcé; to have Hobson’s choice.

cholagogue (ko-la-gog), n.m., (med.) cholagogue.

cholédoque, adj., (anat.) biliary, hepatic. Canal —; hepatic duct.

choléra-morbus (ko-), n.m., (n.p.) cholera-morbus. Faux —; cholerine.

cholérine (ko-), n.f. cholerine.

cholérique, n.m.f., (med.) person affected with cholera; cholera patient. adj., choleric, bilious.

choliambe (ko-), n.m., choliambic verse.

chômable, adj., to be kept as a holiday.

chômage, n.m., stoppage; want of work; cessation from work; enforced idleness; respite. Le — d’un moulin; the standing still of a mill.

chômer, v.a., to abstain, to cease, from work on a particular day, to rest. C’est un saint qu’on ne chôme pas; he is in no great repute.

chômer, v.n., to want work, to be at a stand-still; (agri.) to lie fallow. Il chôme de besogne; he is out of work. — de quelque chose; to stand in need of a thing.

*chondrille (kon-), n.f., (bot.) gum-succory; wall-lettuce.

chondrologie, n.f., chondrology.

chope, n.f., large beer-glass; mug of beer.

☉chopine, n.f., pint (a measure nearly equal to an English pint).

chopiner, v.n., to tipple.

chopper, v.n., to stumble, to trip up; to blunder.

choquant, -e, adj., rude, offensive; shocking; unpleasant, disagreeable, improper.

choquer, v.a., to shock, to strike, to dash against, to clash with; to offend, to give offense, to shock, to disgust, to displease, to grate upon; (nav.) to surge.

se choquer, v.r., to take offense; to come into collision with.

choquer, v.n., to strike glasses; to be offensive; to hurt any one’s feelings; to be shocking.

choral (ko-), adj., choral, n.m., chant.

chorée (ko-), n.m., (poet.) choreus.

chorée (ko-), n.f., chorea, St. Vitus’ dance.

chorège (ko-), n.m., (antiq.) chorægus.

chorégraphe (ko-) n.m., chorographer.

chorégraphie (ko-), n.f., choregraphy.

chorégraphique (ko-), adj., choregraphical.

chorévêque (ko-), n.m., chorepiscopus.

choriambe (ko-ri-ānb), n.m., (poet.) choriamb.

chorion, n.m., (anat.) chorion.

choriste (ko-), n.m., chorister; chorus singer (thea.).

chorographie (ko-), n.f., chorography.

chorographique (ko-), adj., chorographical.

choroïde (ko-), n.f., adj., (anat.) choroid.

chorus (ko-rûss) n.m., chorus. Faire —; to sing the chorus, to join in; to chime in; to applaud, to approve, to agree.

chose, n.f., thing; matter, business, affair, deed; reality, action; (jur.) chattels. Ce n’est pas grand —; ’tis no great matter. Quelque — de beau; something fine. Peu de —; a mere trifle, nothing. La — publique; the commonwealth, common weal. Être tout —; (pop.) to be out of sorts. Rester tout —; to remain confused. C’est tout autre —; that is quite another thing. Dites bien des —s de ma part à votre frère; remember me to your brother. Bien des — chez vous; kind regards at home. Monsieur —; Mr. “what’s his name.” —s de la mer (nav.); wreckage; flotage, flotsam (jur.)

chou, n.m., cabbage; colewort; puff-paste; kale; darling, dear; bow, rosette. — cabus; headed-cabbage. — marin; sea-kale, wort, sea-cabbage. — pommé; white-headed cabbage. — non pommé; bore-kale, brown-kale. Filet à —; cabbage-net. Rejet de —; cabbage-sprout. Pomme de —; cabbage-head. Tige, trognon, de —; cabbage-stalk. — crépu; Scotch kale. — de Milan; savoy. —x verts, jeunes —x; sprouts. —x blancs; white-heart cabbages. —x brocolis; broccoli. — oléifère; colza. — de chien; dog’s cabbage. —-palmiste, (—x-—s); palm-cabbage. —-navet, (—x-—s); rape-colewort. —-rave, (—x-—s); turnip-cabbage. —! —-là! —-pille!; (hunt.) at it! go it! Des —x et des raves; ducks and drakes. — pour —; taking one thing and another. Il en fait ses —x gras; he feathers his nest with it. Il s’entend à cela comme à ramer des —x; he knows nothing at all about it. Aller planter ses —x; to retire into private life. Mon petit —; my little darling. Bête comme un —; as stupid as an owl.

chouan, n.m., brown owl, royalist insurgent (French Revolution).

chouanner, v.n., to carry on a guérilla warfare (after the manner of the Chouans).

chouannerie, n.f., the party of the Chouans; Vendean royalists.

chouant, n.m., a sort of owl.

choucas, n.m., or chouchette, n.f., jackdaw.

choucroute, n.f., sour-krout, sauer-kraut.

chouette, n.f., screech-owl. adj., capital, excellent, stunning. Faire la —; (piquet) to play alone against two.

chouettement, adv., (pop.) capitally, famously.

chou-fleur, n.m., (—x-—s) cauliflower.

*chou-pille, n.m., (—) shooting-dog.

chouquet, n.m., (nav.) block, moor’s-head, cap of the mast-head.

chou-rave, n.m., (—x-—s) turnip-cabbage.

choyer, v.a., to take great care of, to be fond of, to pamper, to fondle, to pet, to make much of, to cocker-up.

se choyer, v.r., to pamper one’s self.

chrématologie (kré-), n.f., (l.u.) chrematology.

chrématologique (kré-), adj., chrematological.

chrême (krem), n.m., chrism, holy oil.

chrémeau (kré-), n.m., chrism-cloth.

chrestomathie (kres-to-ma-ci), n.f., chrestomathy, select extracts.

chrétien, -ne (kre-ti-in, -ti-è-n), n. and adj., Christian.

chrétiennement (kré-tien-mān), adv., Christianly, Christian-like.

chrétienté (kré-ti-in-té), n.f., Christendom. Marcher sur la —; (fam.) to wear shoes and stockings in holes.

chrismal (kri-), n.m., chrismatory.

chrismation, n.f., chrismation.

le christ (krist), n.m., Christ, crucifix. Jésus Christ (jé-zu-kri); Jesus Christ. [Christ without Jésus is never used in French without le.]

christe (krist), n.f., (bot.) crithmum, samphire, sea-fennel. — marine; crithmum, samphire, sea-fennel.

christianiser (kris-), v.a., to Christianize.

christianisme (kris-tia-nism), n.m., Christianity.

christiaque (kris-tiak), adj., Christian.

chromate (kro-), n.m., (chem.) chromate.

chromatique (kro-), adj., (chem. and mus.) chromatic.

chromatique, n.f., (mus., paint.) chromatics.

chromatiquement, adv., (mus.) chromatically.

chrome (krôm), n.m., chromium.

chromique, adj., (chem.) chromic.

chromolithographie, n.f., chromo-lithography.

chronicité (kro-), n.f., (med.) chronicity.

chronique (kro-), n.f., chronicle, history; summary, reports. — scandaleuse; tittle-tattle, scandalous reports.

chronique, adj., (med.) chronic.

chroniqueur (kro-), n.m., chronicler.

chronogramme (kro-), n.m., chronogram.

chronographe (kro-), n.m., chronographer.

chronographie (kro-), n.f., chronography.

chronologie (kro-), n.f., chronology.

chronologique (kro-), adj., chronological.

chronologiste (kro-), n.m., chronologer.

☉chronologue (kro-), n.m., chronologer.

chronomètre (kro-), n.m., chronometer.

chrysalide (kri-), n.m., aurelia, chrysalis, nympha; pupa; pupe; grub.

chrysanthème (kri-), n.m., chrysanthemum; ox-eye daisy; marigold.

chrysite (kri-), n.f., chrysite, touch-stone.

chrysobate (kri-), n.f., chrysobates.

chrysobéril (kri-), n.m., chrysober.

chrysocale (kri-), n.m., an alloy of copper and zinc, resembling gold; pinchbeck.

chrysocolle (kri-), n.f., chrysocolla, borax.

chrysocome (kri-), n.f., (bot.) chrysocoma, goldylocks.

chrysogonum (kri-), n.m., moth-mullein, red turnip.

chrysolithe (kri-), n.f., chrysolite.

chrysophris (kri-), n.m., (ich.) gilt-head.

chrysoprase (kri-), n.f., chrysoprase.

☉chrysulée (kri-), (chem.) n.f., chrysulea, aqua regia.

chu, -e, part., (of choir), fallen.

☉chucheter, v.n., to whisper; to twitter.

chuchotement, n.m., whispering, whisper, rustling.

chuchoter, v.n. and a., to whisper.

chuchoterie (sho-trî), n.f., whispering.

chuchoteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., whisperer.

chut (shut), int., hush!

chute, n.f., fall, tumble; decline; falling, overthrow, lapse, downfall, descension, decay; catastrophe, disaster; failure, miscarriage. — d’eau; waterfall, cataract. La — du jour; the close of day. — d’eau; waterfall, watercourse. — d’une voile; (nav.) depth of a sail; drop (of the principal square sails). — de courants; setting of the tides.

chuter, v.n., (thea.) to fail, to be damned.

chyle, n.m., chyle.

chyleu-x, -se, adj., chylous.

chylifère, adj., (anat.) chyliferous.

chylification, n.f., chylifaction, chylification.

chylose, n.f., chylification.

chyme, n.m., chyme.

chymification, n.f., chymification.

ci, adv., here. Celui-— est meilleur que celui-là; this is better than that. Cet homme-—; this man. —-dessus, —-devant; above, before, heretofore, ex, former. Par-— par-là; here and there, up and down; off and on. —-après; hereafter. —-dessous; below. —-contre; opposite. Entre — et demain; between this time and to-morrow. Entre — et là; between this and then. (French Revolution) Un —-devant noble, un —-devant; an ex-noble, royalist. Les —-devant nobles, les —-devant; the royalists, the aristocracy.

cibagé, n.m., an Indian pine, cibage.

cibaudière, n.f., sort of fishing-net.

cible, n.f., mark to be shot at, target.

ciboire, n.m., a sacred vase, pyx; (arch.) ciborium, canopy.

ciboule, n.f., scallion, green onion; eschalot.

ciboulette, n.f., (bot.) chive. V. civette.

cicatrice, n.f., scar, seam, mark.

cicatricule, n.f., cicatricule, eye or thread; (of an egg) small scar.

cicatrisant, -e, adj., cicatrizing.

cicatriser, v.a., to mark with a scar, to scar; to cicatrize; to close, heal up.

se cicatriser, v.r., to be cicatrized, to skin over, to heal up.

ciccus, n.m., a species of grasshopper; a species of wild-goose; ciccus.

cicéro, n.m., (print.) pica. — gros œil; pica. — petit œil; small pica.

cicérole, n.f., chick-pea.

cicéron, n.m., Cicero.

cicérone, n.m., cicerone.

cicéronien, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., Ciceronian.

cicindèle, n.f., cicindela.

☉cicisbée. V. sigisbée.

ciclamor, n.m. V. orle.

cicutaire, n.f., cicuta, water-hemlock.

cid (sid), n.m., cid (chief, commander).

cidre, n.m., cider. Gros —; strong cider. — paré; old cider. — piquant; rough cider.

cⁱᵉ., (ab.) Co. (for Company).

ciel (siel), n.m., (cieux) heaven, the heavens, the firmament, the sky; paradise. Grâces au —; thanks be to heaven, to God. C’est un coup du —; it is a judgment of heaven. O —! O heavens! Juste —! good heavens! great god! Du —; heavenly. Arc-en-— (—s-—); rainbow. Remuer — et terre; to leave no stone unturned.

ciel, n.m., (ciels) tester of a bed; (c.rel.) the canopy which is carried over the host; sky (paint.); the roof of a quarry; air, climate. Un beau —; a fine climate. L’Italie est sous un des plus beaux —s de l’Europe; Italy has one of the finest climates in Europe.

cierge, n.m., wax-taper, church candle, wax-light. — du Pérou; torch thistle. — pascal; Easter cierge. —s d’eau; water-jets. Droit comme un —; as stiff as a poker.

ciergé, -e, adj., (nav.) stiff.

ciergier, n.m., wax-chandler.

cigale, n.f., cicada, grasshopper. — de rivière; water-grasshopper. — de mer; shrimp.

cigare, n.m., cigar.

cigarette, n.f., cigarette.

*cigogne, n.f., (orni.) stork. — à sac; hurgil. Bec de —; (bot.) crane’s bill. Conte à la —, or conte de la —; absurd and improbable story.

*cigogneau, n.m., (fam.) a young stork.

ciguë (si-gû), n.f., hemlock. — vireuse, or — d’eau; water-hemlock, cow-bane.

cil, n.m., eye-lash; (bot.) lash, hair.

ciliaire, adj., ciliary.

cilice, n.m., hair-cloth.

cilié, -e, adj., (bot.) ciliated, lashed.

*cillement, n.m., twinkle, winking.

*ciller, v.a., to wink, to twinkle; (hawking) to seel.

*ciller, v.n., to wink; to twinkle.

*cillo, n.m., (med.) winker.

cimaise, n.f., cyma, ogee.

cimbalaire, n.f. V. cymbalaire.

cime, n.f., top, summit, peak; height; (bot.) cyme, summit. En —; (bot.) cymose.

ciment, n.m., cement.

cimenter, v.a., to cement; to confirm, to strengthen, to consolidate.

cimentier (-tié), n.m., (tech.) cement-maker.

cimeterre (sim-tèr), n.m., scimeter, falchion, sword.

cimetière (sim-tièr), n.m., church-yard, burying-ground, cemetery.

cimier, n.m., buttock, round of beef; crest of a head-piece; apex. — de cerf; haunch of venison.

cimolée, n.f., cimolite; cimolian earth; cutler’s dust.

cimolée or cimolie, adj.f., cimolian.

cinabre, n.m., cinnabar.

cincenelle, n.f., tow-line.

cinchonine, n.f., cinchonia, cinchonine.

cincle, n.m., (orni.) water-ouzel, dipper.

cinéraire, adj., cinerary.

cinéraire, n.f., (bot.) cineraria.

cinération, n.f., cineration.

cinglage, n.m., ☉run of a ship in twenty-four hours, ship’s course, sailing; (metal.) shingling.

cingler, v.n., to sail before the wind, to scud along.

cingler, v.a., to lash; (metal.) to shingle.

cinglerie, n.f., shingling-house.

cinnamome, n.m., cinnamon.

cinq (sīnk), adj., five.

cinq, n.m., a five; cinque (at games).

cinquantaine, n.f., some fifty; half a hundred.

cinquante, adj., fifty.

☉cinquantenier, n.m., captain of fifty men.

cinquantième (-ti-èm), adj., fiftieth.

cinquantième, n.m., fiftieth part.

cinquième, adj., fifth.

cinquième, n.m., fifth part; pupil on the fifth form. n.f., the fifth form in colleges and public schools.

cinquièmement, adv., fifthly.

cintrage, n.m., arching, curving.

cintre, n.m., arch, semi-circle; curve; (carp.) center-bit. Cette cave est en —; that cellar is built arch-wise. — surbaissé; elliptical arch; adj., (fig.) low, flattened. À plein —; semi-circular.

cintrer, v.a., to arch, to build in the form of an arch, to curve.

cioutat, n.m., cioutat (a kind of grape).

cipaye, n.m., Sepoy.

cipolin, n.m., cipollino, cipolin marble.

cippe, n.m., cippus (column).

cirage, n.m., waxing; blacking; (paint.) cameo with a yellow ground.

circée, n.f., (bot.) enchanter’s nightshade.

circompolaire, adj., circumpolar.

circoncire, v.a., to circumcise.

circoncis, n.m., one who is circumcised.

circonciseur, n.m., circumcisor.

circoncision, n.f., circumcision.

circonférence, n.f., circumference.

circonflexe, n.m. and adj., circumflex accent; circumflex.

circonlocution, n.f., circumlocution.

circonscription, n.f., circumscription, bound; division, district.

circonscrire, v.a., to circumscribe, to encircle, to enclose, to limit, to stint.

circonspect, -e (-pé, -pèkt), adj., circumspect, wary, guarded, discreet, cautious.

circonspection, n.f., circumspection, wariness, caution. Avec —; cautiously.

circonstance, n.f., circumstance, occasion; occurrence, event, conjuncture, case. — aggravante; aggravation. De —; required by or adapted to circumstances. Suivant les —s; as the case may be. Dans les —s critiques; on critical occasions, or in emergencies.

circonstancier, v.a., to state circumstantially; to tell, to detail, to particularize.

circonvallation (-val-la-), n.f., circumvallation.

circonvenir, v.a., to circumvent, to deceive, to impose upon; to over-reach.

circonvention, n.f., circumvention, over-reaching. User de —; to circumvent.

circonvoisin, -e, adj., circumjacent, neighbouring, adjoining.

circonvolution, n.f., circumvolution.

circuit, n.m., circuit; roundabout road; circumlocution.

circulaire, adj., circular, round.

circulaire, n.f., circular.

circulairement (-lèr-mān), adv., circularly.

circulant, -e, adj., circulating.

circulation, n.f., circulation; currency, issue; traffic. Mettre en —; to issue (money).

circulatoire, adj., circulatory, circulating.

circuler, v.n., to circulate; to pass from hand to hand; to spread. Faire —; to make people move on. Circulez, Messieurs! move on, please!

circumnavigateur (-kom-), n.m., circumnavigator.

circumnavigation (-kom-), n.f., circumnavigation.

cire, n.f., wax; beeswax; wax-light. — à cacheter, or — d’Espagne; sealing-wax.

cirer, v.a., to wax, to black (boots). Se —; to be waxed. Se — les bottes; to clean one’s boots.

cirier, n.m., wax-chandler; wax-maker; (bot.) candle-berry, wax-tree.

ciron, n.m., (ent.) flesh-worm, mite.

cirque, n.m., circus.

cirre, n.m., (bot.) tendril; (zoöl.) cirrus.

cirreu-x, -se, adj., ending in a cirrus.

cirrhose, n.f., (med.) cirrhosis.

cirrus, n.m., cirrus, curl-cloud; mare’s tail.

cirsakas, n.m. V. sirsacas.

cirse, n.m., (bot.) horse-thistle. — des champs; way-thistle, field-thistle.

cirsion, n.f., (bot.) cirsium, gentle-thistle.

cirsocèle, n.f., (med.) cirsocele.

cirure, n.f., prepared wax.

*cisaille, n.f., (coin.) clippings or shearings of metals; pl., shears.

*cisailler, v.a., (coin.) to mark, to clip.

cisalpin, -e, adj., Cisalpine.

ciseau, n.m., chisel. — d’orfèvre; graver.

ciseaux, n.m.pl., scissors. — de jardinier; shears. — de tailleur; shears. — boutonnés (surg.); probe-scissors. — mousses (surg.); blunt-pointed scissors.

ciseler (siz-lé), v.a., to chisel, to chase, to carve, to emboss, to sculpture.

ciselet (siz-lè), n.m., graver; chasing tool.

ciseleur (siz-leur), n.m., chaser; carver; sculptor.

ciselure (siz-lur), n.f., chasing, sculpture, carving; chased work, carved work, sculpturing.

cisoires, n.f.pl., bench-shears.

cissite, n.f., aetites, eagle-stone.

cissoïdal, -e, adj., cissoid.

cissoïde, n.f., (geom.) cissoid.

ciste, n.m., (antiq.) basket; (arch.) cist; (bot.) cistus, rock-rose.

cistophore, n.f., (antiq.) cistophora, canephora.

cistophore, n.m., (antiq.) cistophorus.

citadelle, n.f., citadel, fortress, castle.

citadin, n.m., -e, n.f., citizen, burgess; (b.s.) cit; cockney.

citadine, n.f., hackney-coach, fly.

citateur, n.m., quoter; book containing a collection of quotations.

citation, n.f., citation, quotation, quoting; summons. Se faire délivrer une —; to take out a summons. Lancer une —; (jur.) to issue a summons.

cité, n.f., city; town. La céleste —; the heavenly city. Droits de —; the rights of a citizen; freedom (of a city); citizenship.

citer, v.a., to cite, to quote; to name; to summon; to subpœna.

citérieur, -e, adj., citerior, hither.

citerne, n.f., cistern, reservoir, tank.

citerneau, n.m., small cistern or tank.

cithare, n.f., (antiq.) cithara; zither.

citli, n.m., tapeti, Brazilian rabbit.

citole, n.m., a musical instrument, dulcimer.

citoyen, n.m., -ne, n.f. (-in, -è-n), citizen, freeman of a city, patriot.

citragon, n.m., balm-mint.

citrate, n.m., (chem.) citrate.

citrin, -e, adj., citrine, lemon-colored, pale yellow.

citrique, adj., citric.

citron, n.m., citron, lemon; lime; lemon-color. adj., lemon-colored.

citronnade, n.f., lemon-squash.

citronnat, n.m., candied lemon-peel; sugar-plum with lemon-peel in it.

citronné, -e, adj., lemon-flavored.

citronnelle, n.f., balm-mint, garden-mint, citron-water.

citronnier, n.m., lemon-tree; citron-tree.

*citrouille, n.f., pumpkin, gourd.

civade, n.f., a kind of beard-fish.

☉civadière, n.f., (nav.) sprit-sail.

cive or civette, n.f., (bot.) chive.

civet, n.m., — de lièvre; stewed or jugged hare.

civette, n.f., (mam.) civet-cat; civet; (bot.) chive.

civière, n.f., hand-barrow; litter, stretcher.

civil, -e, adj., relating to the community in general; private, plain; civil, courteous, well-bred, gallant. Requête —e; bill of review. Partie —e; the public prosecutor. Droit —; (jur.) common law.

civil, n.m., civil, civil service.

civilement (-mān), adv., civilly; courteously, politely. Mort —; dead in law.

civilisable, adj., civilizable.

civilisat-eur, -rice, adj., civilizing.

civilisation, n.f., civilization.

civiliser, v.a., to civilize.

se civiliser, v.r., to become civilized.

civilité, n.f., civility, good manners, good breeding, politeness, courtesy, manners; compliment, courteousness. Il n’a pas lu la — puérile et honnête; he never learned politeness. Mes —s à Monsieur votre frère; my compliments to your brother. Il est de la —, il est de — de; it is but common civility to.

civique, adj., civic.

civisme, n.m., civism.

clabaud, n.m., (hunt.) liar; (b.s.) babbler, bawler, ranter.

clabaudage, n.m., barking, baying; clamor, bawling.

clabaudement, n.m., peg-peg (i.e., of a wooden leg).

clabauder, v.n., to give tongue (falsely); to clamor, to bawl out.

clabauderie (-bo-drî), n.f., clamor, bawling; ranting, abuse; tall-talk, brawl.

clabaudeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., brawler, clamorer, scold.

claie, n.f., wattle, hurdle; (of a sieve) screen. Passer à la —; to screen.

clair, -e, adj., clear, bright, relucent, shining, luminous; light, lightsome, light-colored; transparent; pure, limpid; thin; plain, manifest, evident, obvious, intelligible, visible. C’est — comme jour; it is as plain as a pike-staff. Etoffe —e; thin, flimsy stuff. Lait —; whey; (of eggs) addled, barren.

clair, n.m., light, clearness; (paint.) light. Il fait — de lune; it is moonlight. Vin tiré au —; racked wine. Tirer au —; to bottle off; to clarify, to fine.

clair, adv., clearly, plain, plainly. Parler — et net; to speak out plainly, openly; not to mince matters. N’y pas voir —; not to see; (fig.) not to understand. Arbres — semés; sparse, thinly scattered trees.

clairçage, n.m., decoloring (of sugar).

claircer, v.a., to decolor; (sugar) to clarify.

claire, n.f., burnt bones; sugar-boiler.

clairée, n.f., clarified sugar.

clairement (klèr-mān), adv., clearly, plainly, distinctly, evidently, intelligibly.

clairet, adj., (of wines) palish, lightish.

clairet, n.m., precious stone that is too pale; pale wine; clairet (an infusion of wine, honey, sugar, and aromatic plants).

clairette, n.f., a kind of grape.

claire-voie, n.f., (—s-—s) opening (in a garden wall); lattice, wicket; (nav.) sky-light. A —; in open work. Semer à —; to sow thin.

clairière, n.f., glade; thin part (in linen).

clair-obscur, n.m., (—s-—s) (paint.) chiaroscuro, clare-obscure, light and shade; mezzotint.

clairon, n.m., clarion, trumpet, bugle; (nav.) rift (in a cloud).

clairsemé, -e, adj., thin, thinly sown, scarce, scattered.

clairvoyance, n.f., sharpness, acuteness, perspicacity; clear-sightedness; clairvoyance.

clairvoyant, -e, adj., clear-sighted, discerning, sharp, acute; clairvoyant.

clameur, n.f., clamor, outcry.

clamponnier, n.m., long pasterned horse.

clan, n.m., clan. Chef de —; chieftain of a clan. Membre d’un —; clansman.

clandestin, -e, adj., clandestine, secret, underhand.

clandestine, n.f., (bot.) broom-rape, mother-wort.

clandestinement (-ti-n-mān), adv., clandestinely, privately, underhandedly.

clandestinité, n.f., clandestineness, secrecy.

clape, n.f., (mec.) sluice.

clapet, n.m., valve, clapper, clack.

clapier, n.m., burrow; hutch.

clapir, v.n., to squeak (of rabbits).

se clapir, v.r., to hide in a hole, to squat, to cower.

clapotage, n.m., rippling, plashing; (nav.) chopping.

clapoter, v.n., to ripple, to plash, to chop.

clapoteu-x, -se, adj., rippling, choppy, plashing; rough.

clapotis, n.m. V. clapotage.

clappement (klap-mān), n.m., clacking, smacking (of the tongue against the palate).

clapper, v.n., to clack, to smack.

claque, n.f., flap, slap, smack; claque (paid clappers at theaters). pl., clogs, galoches. Chapeau à —; cocked hat. Face à —s; sneering face, i.e., which you would like to slap.

claque, n.m., opera hat, crush hat.

claquebois, n.m., (mus.) musical sticks.

claquedent, n.m., (l.u.) poor half-starved wretch, beggar; boaster.

claquement (klak-mān), n.m., clapping, clap; snapping (of the fingers); cracking (of whips); chattering (of the teeth).

claquemurer, v.a., to immure, to coop up, shut up, confine, imprison.

se claquemurer, v.r., to shut one’s self up.

*claque-oreille, n.m.,(—-—s) (pop.) flop hat, slouch hat.

claquer, v.n., to snap, to crack; to clap, to smack, to clack. Faire —; to crack (a whip), to snap (one’s fingers), to smack (one’s tongue). — des mains; to clap. — des dents; to chatter. (fig.) Faire — son fouet; to boast; (fam.) to die, to kick the bucket.

claquer, v.a., to slap, to crack, to smack; (fig.) to applaud.

claquet, n.m., mill-clapper.

claquette, n.f., clapper, rattle.

claqueur, n.m., clapper.

clarification, n.f., clarification, clarifying, fining.

clarificatoire, adj., clarifying.

clarifier, v.a., to clarify, to purify, to fine.

se clarifier, v.r., to clarify, to get clarified, to settle.

clarine, n.f., little bell (for cattle).

clarinette, n.f., (mus.) clarinet, clarionet.

clarté, n.f., light, splendor, clearness, transparency, limpidity, brightness; perspicuity.

classe, n.f., class, order, rank; tribe; form (in a school); school-room, school-time. pl., school-days. En —; in school. Basses —s; junior classes. Hautes —s, —s supérieures; upper classes (of schools). Il a fait toutes ses —s; he has gone through all the forms. L’ouverture, or la rentrée, des —s; the reopening of the schools. Hautes —s; higher classes (of society); (nav.) enrollment.

classement (klas-mān), n.m., classing, classification.

classer, v.a., to class, to sort; (nav.) to enroll.

classeur, n.m., portfolio, sorter.

classicisme, n.m., classicism.

classification, n.f., classification.

classifier, v.a., to classify.

classique, adj., classic, academical; standard (of authors, books).

classique, n.m., classic.

clatir, v.n., (hunt.) to blab (of dogs).

claude, n.m. and adj., (fam.) simpleton, fool, dolt; doltish; silly.

claudication, n.f., claudication, lameness, limping.

claudicant, -e, adj., lame, limping.

clause, n.f., clause, condition, stipulation.

claustral, -e, adj., claustral; monastic.

clavaire, n.f., (bot.) club-top.

clavé, -e, adj., (bot.) club-like.

claveau, n.m., rot, scab (of the sheep); (arch.) key or arch-stone.

clavecin (klav-sin), n.m., harpsichord.

claveciniste, n.m.f., harpsichord-player.

clavelé, -e, adj., (vet.) affected with rot.

clavelée, n.f., rot, scab.

clavette, n.f., (tech.) peg, cotter-pin; key, catch, latch.

clavicule, n.f., clavicle, collar-bone.

claviculé, -e, adj., (zoöl.) having a collar-bone.

clavier, n.m., key-board, key-frame; key-ring.

claviforme, adj., (bot.) clavate, club-shaped.

clayer, n.m., hurdle.

clayère, n.f., oyster-bed; breeding-ground.

claymore, n.f., claymore.

clayon, n.m., small hurdle, stand (for cheese).

clayonnage, n.m., wicker; basket-work.

clef (klé), n.f., key; plug (of cocks); (arch.) crown; fid (of masts); (nav.) hitch; (mus.) clef, tuning-key. Un trousseau de —s; a bunch of keys. — de voûte; keystone of a vault. Fermer une porte à —; to lock a door. La grammaire est la — des sciences; grammar is the key to the sciences. Mettre la — sur la fosse; to relinquish an inheritance. Mettre la — sous la porte; to run away from one’s creditors; to bolt. La — est à la porte; the key is in the door.

clématite, n.f., (bot.) clematis, climber.

clémence, n.f., clemency, mercy, forgiveness, leniency.

clément, -e, adj., clement, merciful, lenient; mild (of the weather).

clémentines, n.f.pl., Clementines (the constitutions of Clement the Fifth).

clenche or clenchette, n.f., thumb-lift of a latch; (mus.) clef.

clephte, n.m., free Greek mountaineer.

clepsydre, n.f., clepsydra, water-clock.

clerc (klèr), n.m., clerk, clergyman; scholar. Petit —; junior clerk. Maître —; head-clerk. Pas de —; blunder. Ce n’est pas un grand —; he is no great scholar.

clergé, n.m., clergy.

clérical, -e, adj., clerical.

cléricalement (-kal-mān), adv., clerically.

cléricalisme, n.m., clericalism.

cléricature, n.f., clerkship, apprenticeship, articles; ministry, holy orders.

cléristère, n.m., (arch.) clearstory, clerestory.

clic-clac, n.m., cracking (of a whip).

clichage, n.m., stereotyping, casting.

cliché, n.m., stereotype plate; (photo.) negative; (sculp.) cast.

clicher, v.a., to stereotype.

clicheur, n.m., stereotyper.

client, n.m., -e, n.f., client (of lawyers); patient (of physicians); customer (of tradesmen).

cliéntèle, n.f., clients; practice (of physicians); (Rom. antiq.) protection, patronage, business; custom (of tradesmen); connection. Se faire une —; to form a connection.

clifoire, n.f., squirt (toy).

*clignement, n.m., winking, blinking, wink.

☉*cligne-musette, n.f., (n.p.) hide and seek.

*cligner, v.a., to blink, to wink, to twinkle.

*clignotant, -e, adj., winking, blinking.

*clignotement (kli-gnot-mān), n.m., winking, twinkling, blinking.

*clignoter, v.n., to wink, to twinkle, to blink.

climat, n.m., climate, clime.

climatérique, adj., climacteric, climatic.

climatérique, n.f., climacteric, climatic. La grande —; the great climacteric.

climax (-maks), n.m., (l.u.) (rhet.) climax.

clin, n.m., wink (of an eye); (archit.) louvre-boarding; (nav.) clincher-work. À —; clincher-built. Faire un — d’œil à quelqu’un; to wink at any one. En un — d’œil; in the twinkling of an eye, in an instant, in a trice.

*clincaille, clincaillerie, clincaillier. V. quincaille, quincaillerie, quincaillier.

clinique, adj., clinic, clinical.

clinique, n.f., clinical surgery, clinical medicine, or lectures.

clinquant, n.m., tinsel; glitter; affectation; foil.

clinquanter, v.a., to cover with tinsel.

clique, n.f., set, coterie, party; clique. Emporter ses —s et ses claques; to pack bag and baggage, to be off.

cliquet, n.m., click; catch.

cliqueter (klik-té), v.n., to clack, to click.

cliquetis (klik-tî), n.m., clanking of arms, clash; clatter; rattling, jingle.

cliquettes (kli-kèt), n.f.pl., snappers, bones.

clisse, n.f., wicker-mat; (surg.) splint.

clissé, -e, adj., cased in wicker.

clitoris (-rî), n.m., (anat.) clitoris.

clivage, n.m., (min.) cleavage.

cliver, v.a., to cleave (diamonds). Se —; to be cleft.

cloaque, n.m., sink; cess-pool, sewer; filthy hole; (anat.) cloaca.

cloche, n.f., bell; blister (on the hands, feet); cover, dish-cover; (cook.) stew-pan; (gard.) bell-glass, hand-glass; (chem., phys.) receiver. — de plongeur; diving-bell; (nav.) barrel (of a capstan). Tinter les —s; to toll the bells. Qui n’entend qu’une — n’entend qu’un son; one should hear both sides of a question.

clochement (klosh-mān), n.m., hobbling, halting, limping; lameness.

cloche-pied, n.m., (n.p.) hopping on one leg. À —; upon one foot, hopping. Aller à —; to hop.

clocher, n.m., steeple, belfry, parish. Course au —; steeple-chase. Avoir la maladie du —; to be homesick. Il n’a jamais quitté son — de vue; he has never been out of his parish. Esprit de —; narrowmindedness; prejudice, short-sightedness.

clocher, v.n., to halt, to limp, to hobble. — du pied droit; to limp with the right foot. Raisonnement qui cloche; lame argument. Il y a quelque chose qui cloche; there’s something wrong somewhere; a hitch somewhere.

clocher, v.a., (gard.) to cover with a glass-bell.

clocheton, n.m., little steeple, bell-turret.

clochette, n.f., small bell, hand-bell; (bot.) bell-flower.

cloison, n.f., partition (of boards or masonry), division, compartment; (anat., bot.) partition; (nav.) bulkhead.

cloisonnage, n.m., partition-work, wainscoting.

cloisonné, -e, adj., (bot.) valved; (conch.) chambered, wainscoted.

cloisonner, v.a., to partition.

cloître, n.m., cloister; close; monastery.

cloîtré, -e, adj., cloistered (of a person).

cloîtrer, v.a., to shut up in a cloister, to cloister, to immure.

cloîtrier, n.m., cloister monk.

clopin-clopant, adv., limpingly, haltingly; hobbling along.

clopiner, v.n., to limp, to halt, to hobble.

cloporte, n.m., (ent.) multiped, woodlouse.

cloque, n.f., blister; (agri.) brown rust.

clore, v.a., to inclose, to fence, to shut in; to end, to finish, to conclude; to close (accounts, discussions, a session).

clore, v.n., to close, to shut.

clos, -e, part., closed, tight, shut, sealed. A huis —; with closed doors. Bouche —e; mum’s the word. Champ —; lists. Ce sont lettres —es; it’s a secret. — et couvert; wind and water tight.

clos, n.m., close; inclosure, field. — de vigne; vineyard.

closeau, n.m., small garden.

closerie, n.f., small farm; bit of land.

clossement, n.m. V. gloussement.

closser, v.n. V. glousser.

clôture, n.f., inclosure, fence; seclusion (of nuns); closing, close, (parl.) closure, proroguing. Mettre une —; to inclose.

clôturer, v.a., (jur., parliament) to close, to prorogue.

clou, n.m., nail, hobnail, spike; stud; (med.) carbuncle, boil; clove. — à crochet; tenter-hook. —s à vis; clincher-nails. Enfoncer un —; to drive a nail. River le — à quelqu’un; to clinch any one’s argument. Cela ne vaut pas un — à soufflet; that’s not worth a straw, a rap; (lit., a tin-tack). Un — chasse l’autre; one idea drives away another.

clouage, clouement, n.m., nailing; nail-work.

clouer, v.a., to nail; to fix; to rivet; to detain, to confine.

se clouer, v.r., to buckle to; to be nailed (of a thing).

clouter, v.a., to adorn with nails, to stud.

clouterie (-trî), n.f., nail manufactory, nail-trade.

cloutier (-tié), n.m., nail-maker, nail-dealer.

cloutière, n.f., anvil for making nails.

clovisse, n.m., (conch.) winkle.

cloyère, n.f., oyster-basket.

club, n.m., club, assembly.

clubiste, n.m.f., member of a club.

clysoir, n.m., clyster-pipe.

☉clystère, n.m., injection, clyster, enema.

clystériser, v.a., (jest.) to give clysters.

cnique (knik), n.m., (bot.) horse-thistle.

co (prefix used in composition, signifying with, conjointly), co.

coaccusé, n.m., -e, n.f., fellow-prisoner; co-respondent.

coacquéreur, n.m., co-purchaser, co-buyer; joint buyer.

coacti-f, -ve, adj., coactive, coercive.

coaction, n.f., coaction.

coadjut-eur, n.m., -trice, n.f., coadjutor, coadjutrix.

coadjutorerie (-torirî), n.f., coadjutorship.

coadné, -e, adj., (bot.) joined, coadunate.

coadunation, n.f., coadunation.

coagulant, -e, adj., coagulative.

coagulation, n.f., coagulation, congealing.

coaguler, v.a., to coagulate, to congeal.

se coaguler, v.r., to coagulate, to congeal.

coagulum (-lom), n.m., (chem.) coagulum.

coalescence, n.f., coalescence.

coalescent, -e, adj., coalescent.

se coaliser, v.r., to coalesce, to league, to unite, to combine.

coalition, n.f., coalition.

coassement (ko-as-mān), n.m., croaking (of frogs).

coasser, v.n., to croak (of frogs).

coassocié, n.m., (com.) co-partner, fellow-partner.

coati, n.m., (mam.) coati.

cobalt, n.m., (min.) cobalt.

cobaye, n.m., guinea-pig.

cobéa, n.m., (bot.) cobæa.

cobelligérant, -e, adj., cobelligerent.

cobit, n.m., (ich.) cobitis, loach.

cobourgeois, n.m., co-partner in a ship.

cobra-capello, n.m., (—) hooded-snake, spectacle-snake.

coca, n.m., (bot.) coca, erythroxylon coca.

*cocagne, n.f., feast, treat; the land of milk and honey. Mât de —; greasy pole. Pays de —; the land of plenty.

cocarde, n.f., cockade, ear-knot.

cocasse, adj., (pop.) odd, laughable, ridiculous, comical, droll.

cocasserie, n.f., drollery, caricature.

cocatrix, n.m., cockatrice.

coccifère, adj., (bot.) cocciferous.

coccinelle, n.f., (ent.) lady-bird, lady-cow.

coccoloba, n.m. (—), (bot.) grape-tree.

coccyx (kok-sis), n.m., (anat.) coccyx.

☉coche, n.m., barge; coach. — d’eau; tow-barge. Manquer le —; to let slip the opportunity. C’est la mouche du —; he is a busy-body. Le siège du —; the coachman’s box.

coche, n.f., notch, score; sow, she-pig. Faire une —; to notch.

cochenillage, n.m., cochineal.

*cochenille (kosh-), n.f., cochineal.

*cocheniller, v.a., to dye with cochineal.

*cochenillier, n.m., cochineal-fig, nopal.

cocher, n.m., coachman, driver; (astron.) Auriga. — de fiacre, de cabriolet; hackney coachman, cabman.

cocher, v.n., to tread (of birds).

côcher, v.a., to notch.

cochère, adj.f., for carriages. Porte —; carriage-entrance, gateway.

cochet, n.m., young cock.

cochevis (kosh-vi), n.m., tufted or crested lark.

cochléaria (-klé-), n.m., (bot.) cochlearia, scurvy-grass.

cochon, n.m., hog, pig, boar, porker; (metal.) pig, dross. — de lait; sucking-pig. — d’Inde or de Barbarie; Guinea-pig. C’est un —; he is a dirty fellow. Avoir gardé les —s ensemble; to be hail fellows well met.

cochonnée, n.f., litter (of pigs).

cochonner, v.n., to farrow, to pig.

cochonner, v.a., to do a thing in a slovenly manner, to botch.

cochonnerie (ko-sho-n-rî), n.f., nastiness, filth; beastliness, beastly or blackguard action or language, obscenity; trash, rubbish.

cochonnet, n.m., young pig; die with twelve sides; jack (at bowls).

coco, n.m., cocoa, cocoa-nut; liquorice-water; (fam.) chap, fellow, darling; horse, nag.

cocon, n.m., cocoon.

cocorico. V. coquerico.

cocorli, n.m., (orni.) dunlin; purr; sea-lark.

cocotier (-tié), n.m., cocoa-tree.

cocréancier, n.m., joint-creditor.

cocrète, n.f., (bot.) yellow-rattle. — des prés; lousewort.

coction, n.f., coction, boiling.

cocu, n.m., (l.ex.) cuckold.

cocuage, n.m., (l.ex.) cuckoldom.

cocufier, v.a., (l.ex.) to cuckold.

code, n.m., code, digest, collection of laws; law; (phar.) pharmacopœia.

codébit-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., joint-debtor.

codécimateur, n.m., fellow tithe-owner.

codemandeur, n.m., co-plaintiff, joint-plaintiff.

codétenteur, n.m., joint-holder.

codétenu, -e, n.m. and f., fellow-prisoner.

codex (-deks), n.m., pharmacopœia.

codicillaire, adj., contained in a codicil.

codicille, n.m., codicil.

codification, n.f., codification.

codifier, v.a., to codify.

*codille, n.m., codille (at the game of ombre).

codonataire, n.m.f., joint donor or donee.

cœcum. V. cæcum.

coefficient, n.m., (alg.) coefficient.

coégal, -e, adj., coequal.

coégalité, n.f., coequality.

coemption, n.f., coemption.

coéquation, n.f., assessment of taxes.

coercible, adj., coercible.

coerciti-f, -ve, adj., coercive.

coercition, n.f., coercion.

coéternel, -le, adj., coeternal.

coéternité, n.f., coeternity.

cœur (keur), n.m., heart, mind, soul; courage, spirit, spiritedness, mettle; stomach; core; depth; hearts (cards); middle, midst. Mal au —; sickness. Serrement de —; heartpang. Du fond de son —; from the bottom of one’s heart. Au — dur; hard-hearted. De —; with one’s whole heart, with all one’s might. À vous de —; affectionately yours. Avoir le — contrit; to be of a contrite heart. Le — lui saigne; his heart bleeds. Avoir à —, prendre à —; to have at heart. Cela lui tient au —; he has set his heart upon it. Avoir quelque chose sur le —; to have something on one’s mind. Le — me le disait bien; my heart misgave me. Si le — vous en dit; if you feel inclined. Il a le — au métier; he loves his business. Il a le — porté à cela; he is bent upon it. Avoir le — tendre; to be tender-hearted. Il a le — bien placé; his heart is in the right place. Il n’a point de —; he has no spirit. Sans —; heartless. Avoir le — bas; to be mean-spirited. Avoir le — sur les lèvres; to be open-hearted. Soulèvement de —; rising of the stomach. J’ai mal au —; I feel sick. Avoir le — mort; to be sick at heart. Ouvrir, décharger, son — à quelqu’un; to unbosom one’s self to any one. En avoir le — net; to know the rights of any thing. Au — de l’hiver; in the depth of winter. À contre-—; against one’s will, reluctantly, against the grain. De bon —; heartily. De grand —; gladly, willingly, with pleasure. De tout mon —; with all my heart. De gaîté de —; in sheer wantonness. À — joie; to one’s heart’s content. Par —; by heart. Dîner par —; to dine with Duke Humphrey (i.e., to go without dinner). Tant que le — me battra; to the last drop of my blood. Tenir au —; to stick in one’s throat. Avoir le — brisé; to be broken-hearted. Avoir le — fendu; to be cut to the heart. Loin des yeux loin du —; out of sight, out of mind. Avoir le — gros; to be ready, to cry, to have one’s heart full. C’est un crevé —; it is a heart-rending thing. Mettre du — au ventre à quelqu’un; to give heart to any one. Faire contre fortune bon —; to put a good face upon matters.

coexistant, -e, adj., co-existent.

coexistence, n.f., co-existence.

coexister, v.n., to co-exist.

coffre, n.m., chest, trunk, coffer; (hunt.) carcase; drum (of a mill); (print.) coffin. — de sûreté; strong box. — de bord; sea-chest. Elle est belle au —; she has golden charms (i.e., is rich), Un —-fort, (—s-—s) a strong box. Avoir le — bon; to be strong chested.

coffrer, v.a., (fam.) to imprison, lock up.

coffret, n.m., little chest or trunk, casket.

coffretier (-tié), n.m., trunk-maker.

cofidéjusseur, n.m., joint surety.

*cognasse, n.f., wild quince.

*cognassier, n.m., wild quince-tree.

cognat, n.m., cognate.

cognation, n.f., cognation.

*cognée, n.f., ax, hatchet. Mettre la — à l’arbre; to lay the ax to the tree; to begin an enterprise. Aller au bois sans —; to go to sea without biscuit (i.e. to be unprepared). Jeter le manche après la —; to give a thing up in despair.

*cogne-fétu, n.m., (—, or —-—s) (pop.) great worker, little doer; fussy-do-nothing.

*cogner, v.a., to knock in, to drive in, to bump.

*se cogner, v.r., to knock up against, to hit, to strike one’s self.

cogniti-f, -ve, adj., (philos.) cognitive.

*cognoir, n.m., (print.) shooting-stick.

cohabitation, n.f., cohabitation.

cohabiter, v.n., to cohabit.

cohérence, n.f., coherency.

cohérent, -e, adj., coherent.

cohériter, v.n., to inherit conjointly.

cohériti-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., co-heir, co-heiress.

cohésion, n.f., cohesion.

cohobation, n.f., (chem.) cohobation.

cohober, v.a., (chem.) to cohobate.

cohorte, n.f., cohort, band, crew, troop, horde, gang.

cohue, n.f., rout, mob, crush, tumultuous crowd, clamorous multitude; (fig.) court of justice.

coi, -te, adj., quiet, still, snug.

coiffe, n.f., head-dress; caul, hood (of children); skull-cap; net; (bot.) galla. — de chapeau; lining of a hat.

coiffer, v.a., to put (anything) on one’s head; to dress the hair; to infatuate; to throw at any one’s head; to make tipsy; (hunt.) to take by the ears; (nav.) to back; to cap (bottles); (arch.) to cap. Être bien coiffé; to have one’s hair well dressed; to have a hat that becomes one. Enfant né coiffé; child born with a caul upon its head. Il est né coiffé; he was born to fortune or with a silver spoon in his mouth. — sainte Catherine; to remain an old maid. Du vin coiffé; mixed wine. — une bouteille; to cap a bottle. Chien bien coiffé; dog with a handsome head and long ears. Cette femme coiffe son mari; that woman deceives her husband. Il est coiffé de cette femme; he is bewitched, smitten with that woman. — une voile; to back a sail.

se coiffer, v.r., to wear (on one’s head); to dress one’s hair; to get intoxicated; to be infatuated with; (nav.) to be laid aback. Se — de faux cheveux; to wear false hair. Se — en cheveux; to wear no cap.

coiffer, v.n., to dress hair; to become; to suit; (nav.) to be laid aback.

coiffeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., hairdresser.

coiffure, n.f., head-dress, style of arranging the hair.

coin, n.m., corner, angle, nook, coin; (coin.) stamp; (railways) pin; (print.) quoin; clock (of stockings); (tech.) gad; (mec.) wedge. Il n’a pas bougé du — du feu; he has never been from home. Être marqué au —; to bear the stamp of. Frappé au bon —; of the right sort, excellent in every way. Il mourra au — d’un bois (d’une laie); he will die destitute. —s et recoins; cricks and corners, nooks and crannies. Jouer aux quatre —s; to play puss in the corner.

coinçage, n.m., wedging, keying.

coincer, v.a., to wedge.

coïncidence, n.f., coincidence.

coïncident, adj., coincident.

coïncider, v.n., to coincide, to be coincident.

coïndication, n.f., (med.) coindication.

coïng (coin), n.m., quince.

coïntéressé, n.m., associate, partner having a joint interest with another.

coïon or couillon, n.m., (l.ex.) dastard, coward.

coïonner or couillonner, v.a., (l.ex.) to use one scurvily, to make a fool of one; to call one a coward.

coïonner or couillonner, v.n., (l.ex.) to joke, to gammon, to humbug.

coïonnerie (ko-io-n-rî) or couillonnerie, couillonnade, n.f., (l.ex.) dastardliness, a mean, low action; gammon, humbug.

coït, n.m., coition, copulation.

coite, n.f. V. couette.

cojouissance, n.f., joint use.

coke, n.m., coke.

col, n.m., neck (of the body); cravat; neck (of bottles, of mountains); pad, stiffener; collar. Faux —; collar. — droit; stand-up collar. — de cravate; stiffener. — de la vessie, de la matrice; neck of the bladder, of the womb.

colarin, n.m., (arch.) gorgerin.

colas, n.m., booby, fool.

colature, n.f., (pharm.) colature, straining.

colback, n.m., colback, busby.

colchique, n.m., meadow-saffron, colchicum.

colcotar, n.m., (chem.) colcothar.

colégataire, n.m., co-legatee.

coléoptère, adj., coleopterous. n.m., coleopter, beetle.

coléoptères, n.m.pl., coleoptera.

colère, n.f., passion, anger, wrath, rage, fury. Accès de —; fit of passion. Être en —; to be angry. Se mettre en —; to fly into a passion.

colère, adj., passionate, hasty, choleric.

colérique, adj., choleric, irascible, passionate.

coliart, n.m., (ich.) skate.

colibri, n.m., humming-bird.

colicitant, n.m., (jur.) co-vendor.

colifichet, n.m., knick-knack, gew-gaw, trifle, bauble, trumpery, toy, bird-cake.

colimaçon, n.m., snail.

colin, n.m., (ich.) coal-fish.

*colin-maillard, n.m., (n.p.) blindman’s-buff; blindman (at blindman’s buff).

colin-tampon, n.m., (n.p.) a Swiss beating of drum. Je m’en moque comme de —; (pop.) I do not care a fig about it.

colique, n.f., colic, griping; stomach-ache. pl., after-pains. — saturnine; painter’s colic.

colis, n.m., package, parcel, bale, case, article.

colisée, n.m., Coliseum; Colosseum.

collaborat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., (kol-la-), fellow-laborer, assistant, associate, contributor.

collaboration (kol-la-), n.f., assistance, contribution, coöperation.

collaborer, v.n., to work together, to coöperate.

collage, n.m., pasting, gluing, sizing (of paper); paper-hanging.

collant, -e, adj., sticky, tight, close-fitting.

collants, n.m.pl., tights.

collapsus (-sus), n.m., (med.) collapse.

collataire (kol-la-tè-r), n.m., one who has been collated to a benefice.

collatéral, -e (kol-la-), adj., collateral.

collatéral, n.m., (jur.) collateral.

☉collatérale, n.f., aisle (of churches).

collatéralement, adv., (jur.) collaterally.

collateur (kol-la-), n.m., collator.

collati-f, -ve (kol-la-), adj., collative.

collation (kol-la-cion), n.f., collation.

collation (ko-la-cion), n.f., collation, light repast; (eccl.) advowson-gift.

collationner (kol-la-cio-né), v.a., to collate, to compare.

collationner (ko-la-cio-né), v.n., to make a light repast; to take a collation.

colle, n.f., paste, glue; sham, fib, bouncer, cracker. — forte; glue. — à bouche; mouth-glue. — de poisson; isinglass.

collecte (kol-lèkt), n.f., gathering; collection (of money); collect (prayer).

collecteur (kol-lèk-teur), n.m., collector, tax-gatherer.

collecti-f, -ve (kol-lèk-), adj., collective.

collectif (kol-lèk-), n.m., collective noun.

collection (kol-lèk-cion), n.f., collection; set, file.

collectionner (kol-lèk-cio-né), v.a., to collect, to make collections of things.

collectionneu-r (kol-lèk-cio-), n.m., -se, n.f., collector.

collectivement (kol-lèk-tiv-mān), adv., collectively.

collège, n.m., college, grammar-school. — électoral; assembly of electors; constituency.

collégial, -e, adj., collegial; collegiate. Eglise —e; a collegiate church.

collégiale, n.f., collegiate church.

collégialement, adv., scholastically.

collégien (-ji-in), n.m., collegian, school-boy.

collègue (kol-lèg), n.m., colleague.

collement, n.m., (med.) cohesion, adhesion.

coller, v.a., to paste, to glue; to size; to stick together; to clear (with isinglass); to stump (embarrass any one); to plow (at exam.); to hang (paper). Être collé; to be close up against the cushion (at billiards). J’ai été collé; I was plowed.

se coller, v.r., to stick to; to cake; to apply closely to; (at billiards) to be right up against the cushion.

coller, v.n., to stick, to adhere; to fit tight (of clothes). Ce pantalon colle bien; those trousers fit nicely.

collerette (kol-rèt), n.f., collar (for ladies); (bot.) involucrum; (tech.) flange.

collet, n.m., collar (of a gown, coat); cape; bands (for the neck); neck (of teeth); (hunt.) snare; crown (of anchors); (tech.) collet; clergyman. — montant; stand-up collar. — rabattu; turned-down collar. Petit —; one of the cloth, young clergyman. — monté; buckram collar. Un — monté; a stuck-up, strait-laced, prudish person. — de mouton; neck of mutton. Prendre, saisir, quelqu’un au —; to collar any one. Prêter le — à quelqu’un; to cope with any one, to try one’s strength with any one. Tendre un —; to set a snare.

colleter (kol-té), v.a., to collar any one, to seize any one by the neck.

se colleter, v.r., to collar each other; to lay hold of each other by the collar, to grapple with, to wrestle.

colleter, v.n., to set snares (for game).

colleteur, n.m., gin-setter; (pop.) wrangler, fighter.

colleur, n.m., paper-hanger; gluer; paster; bill-sticker; sizer.

collier, n.m., collar; ring (mark round the neck of certain animals); bow (of spurs); (arch., tech.) collar; necklace. Cheval de —; draught-horse. — de force; training collar. — de misère; drudgery. Donner un coup de —; to make a strenuous effort. Être franc du —; never to shirk one’s work; to be always in earnest; (of a horse) to work well.

☉colliger, v.a., to collect, to cull.

colline, n.f., hill, hillock. La double —; Parnassus. Gagner la —; to take to one’s heels. Le penchant d’une —; the declivity of a hill; a hill-slope.

colliquati-f, -ve (kol-li-koua-), adj., (med.) colliquative.

colliquation (kol-li-koua-), n.f., (med.) colliquation, melting.

collision (kol-li-), n.f., collision.

collocation (kol-lo-) n.f., collocation; setting in order, rank. — de l’argent; investing of money.

collodion, n.m., collodion.

colloque (kol-lok), n.m., colloquy, conference, dialogue.

colloquer (kol-lo-ké), v.a., to rank, to place in order; to place. v.n., to colloquize.

colluder (kol-lu-dé), v.n., to collude.

collusion (kol-lu-zion), n.f., collusion, prevarication. User de —; to prevaricate.

collusoire (kol-lu-zoar), adj., collusory, collusive.

collusoirement (kol-lu-zoar-mān), adv., collusively.

collyre, n.m., (med.) collyrium, eye-salve.

colmatage, n.m., (agri.) warping (of land).

colmate, n.m., warp, warped land.

colmater, v.a., to warp (land).

colombage, n.m., (carp.) stud-work, joists.

colombe, n.f., dove; (carp.) joist, upright.

colombier, n.m., dove-cot, pigeon-house; (print.) pigeon-hole, gap. Faire venir les pigeons au —; to draw customers to the shop. Grand —; atlas paper.

colombin, -e, adj., columbine, dove-color.

colombin, n.m., (min.) lead ore; (orni.) stock-dove.

colombine, n.f., pigeon-dung, fowls’-dung; (bot.) columbine.

colombo, n.m., (bot.) calumba, colombo.

colon, n.m., colonist, planter; cultivator; West Indian settler.

côlon, n.m., (anat.) colon.

colonel, n.m., colonel. Grade de —; colonelcy.

colonelle, n.f. and adj., ☉colonel’s company; colonel’s wife.

colonial, -e, adj., colonial.

colonie, n.f., colony, settlement.

colonisation, n.f., colonizing, colonisation.

coloniser, v.a., to establish a colony, to colonize.

colonnade, n.f., (arch.) colonnade.

colonne, n.f., column, pillar; bed-post; row (of units, tens); (milit., nav., phys., print., arch.) column. — cannelée; fluted column. — plaquée; pilaster. — torse; wreathed column.

colonnette, n.f., little column.

colophane, n.f., black rosin, colophony.

coloquinte, n.f., colocynth; bitter apple.

colorant, -e, adj., coloring.

coloration, n.f., coloration.

coloré, -e, part., colored. Vin —; deep-colored wine. Teint —; ruddy complexion.

colorer, v.a., to color, to dye; to varnish; to color (to give a false appearance to).

se colorer, v.r., to color (of a thing).

coloriage, n.m., (paint.) coloring.

colorier, v.a., to color, to illuminate.

coloris, n.m., color, hue; (paint.) coloring.

coloriste, n.m., colorer; colorist.

colossal, -e, adj., colossal, of giant proportions.

colosse, n.m., colossus, giant.

colostrum, n.m., (n.p.) (med.) colostrum.

colportage, n.m., hawking; peddling; peddlery; book-stall trade.

colporter, v.a., to hawk about; to retail; to spread. — une nouvelle; to retail a piece of news.

colporteur, n.m., hawker, peddler; spreader of news.

coltis, n.m., (nav.) beak-head.

colure, n.m., (astron., geog.) colure.

columelle, n.f., (bot.) columella.

colza, n.m., colza, rape, rape-seed.

coma, n.m., (med.) coma.

comateu-x, -se, adj., comatose.

combat (kon-ba), n.m., combat, fight, battle; fighting; contest, action, engagement, struggle; strife, warring. — singulier; single combat. — à outrance; mortal combat. — égal; drawn battle. — simulé; sham fight. Au fort du —; in the thick of the fight. Être hors de —; to be disabled. Mettre hors de —; to disable. Faire branle-bas de —; (nav.) to clear for action.

combattable, adj., combatable.

combattant, n.m., combatant, fighting man, champion; (orni.) ruff.

combattre, v.a., to fight, to combat; to wage war against, to battle with, to dispute, to contest, to strive against. — une opinion; to combat an opinion.

se combattre, v.r., to combat; to contend with each other.

combattre, v.n., to fight, to combat, to war, to contend, to vie with one another, to struggle. — de politesse; to vie with one another in politeness.

☉combe, n.f., valley.

combien (kon-bi-in), adv., how much, how many; how; how far; how long; what. En — de temps? in how long? — y a-t-il depuis cela? how long is it since then? — cela vaut-il? what is that worth? À — évaluez-vous cela? What price do you put upon that?

combinaison, n.f., combination; contrivance; ingenuity; management; calculation.

combinat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., combiner, contriver.

combiné, -e, part., united; (chem.) combined.

combiner, v.a., to combine, to contrive.

se combiner, v.r., to combine, to be contrived.

comble, n.m., heaping (of measure); consummation; fulfillment; zenith; acme; summit, height, top, complement. pl., roof, roof-timbers. Ferme des —s; (carp.) framing of a roof. De fond en —; from top to bottom. Ruiné de fond en —; utterly ruined. La mesure est au —; the measure is full. Pour — de gloire; to complete his glory. Pour — de malheur; to crown all; to cap our misfortune. Au — de; at the height of. Mettre le — à; to complete, to crown.

comble, adj., heaped up full to the top. Salle —; house full, packed.

combleau, n.m., (mil.) gun-tackle.

comblement, n.m., filling up, heaping up.

combler, v.a., to heap, to heap up, to make up, to fill up, to crown; to cover (deficit); to complete; to overwhelm. — de faveurs; to load with favors.

comblète, n.f., (hunt.) cleft (of a deer’s foot).

combrière, n.f., tunny net.

combuger, v.a., to rinse out (casks).

comburant, -e, adj., (chem.) burning.

combustible, n.m., combustible.

combustible, n.m., fuel, firing; (chem.) combustible.

combustibilité, n.f., combustibility.

combustion (kon-bus-tion), n.f., combustion, conflagration, flame; (fig.) tumult, uproar.

comédie, n.f., comedy, play; play-house, theatre; shamming, farce; players; play-book. Donner la —; to make people laugh; to be the laughing-stock. Jouer une —; to act a play. Le sujet, l’intrigue, le dénouement, d’une —; the subject, plot, upshot, of a comedy.

comédien, n.m., -ne, n.f. (-di-in, di-è-n), comedian, actor, actress, player; hypocrite, dissembler. Troupe de —s; company of actors. —s ambulants; strolling players.

comestible, adj., eatable; edible.

comestible, n.m., eatable. pl., eatables, provisions, victuals.

cométaire, adj., cometary.

comète, n.f., comet; kind of game at cards; satin ribbon; peculiar kind of firework. — chevelue; haired comet. — barbue; bearded comet. — à queue; tailed comet. Vin de la —; wine of the year 1811.

cométographie, n.f., cometography.

comices, n.f.pl., (antiq.) comitia.

comicial, -e, adj., comitial.

comifère, adj., (bot.) comose.

comique, adj., comical, ludicrous, laughable, funny. Le genre —; comedy. Acteur —; comic actor.

comique, n.m., the comic art, comedy; comical part or side; comic actor or author or singer. Avoir du — dans la figure; to have a comical face.

comiquement (-mān), adv., comically, humorously.

☉comite or come, n.m., overseer of a crew of galley-slaves, warder.

comité, n.m., meeting of a few persons; small party; committee, board. — permanent; standing committee. La chambre formée en —; a committee of the whole house. Petit —; a small party; select few. En petit —; among ourselves. Dîner en petit —; to have a small dinner party of intimate friends. — de lecture; a committee for deciding upon the performance of new plays.

comma, n.m., (print.) colon; (mus.) comma.

command, n.m., (jur.) purchaser; principal.

commandant, adj., (milit., nav.) commanding; (fig.) imposing, dictatorial.

commandant, n.m., (milit., nav.) commandant, major. — de place; governor (of a fortified town). — de la marine; flag-officer. — d’une escadre; commodore. Bien, mon —! very well, major.

commande, n.f., order. Ouvrage de —; work done to order. Marchandise de —; goods, bespoken. Sur —; to order. Maladie de —; feigned sickness. Louanges de —; forced praise.

commandement, n.m., command, order; word of command; manner of commanding; writ, order; commandment, precept, law, rule, injunction. Il a tout à son —; he has all things at command. Être de —; to be prescribed or ordered. Secrétaire des —s; private secretary (to a prince).

commander, v.a., to command, to order, to govern; to have the command of; to bespeak; to overlook. Cette tour commande la ville; that tower overlooks the town.

commander, v.n., to command, to rule; to direct; to order, to bid; (milit., nav.) to give the word of command. — à ses passions; to master one’s passions. — à la route (nav.); to shape a ship’s course.

se commander, v.r., to control oneself.

commanderie (ko-mān-drî), n.f., commandery.

commandeur, n.m., commander (in orders of knighthood).

commanditaire, n.m., sleeping partner.

commandite, n.f., limited joint-stock company.

commanditer, v.a., to finance a commercial undertaking, to become a sleeping partner.

comme, adv., as, like; so; almost, nearly; as it were, as if; how, in what way; so much. — aussi; (jur.) and likewise. Faites — lui; do like him. — ci — cela; so so, indifferently. Il est — mort; he is almost dead. La lumière est — l’une des couleurs; light is, as it were, one of the colors. — vous me traitez; how badly you treat me. Vous voyez — il travaille; you see how hard he works. — quoi; as how.

comme, conj., as, seeing that, since, because.

commémoraison, n.f., (c.rel.) commemoration, remembrance, mention, of a saint.

commémorati-f, -ve, adj., commemorative.

commémoration (kom-mé-), n.f., (c.rel.) commemoration. La — des morts; commemoration of the dead; All-Souls’-Day. Faire — de quelqu’un; (fam.) to make mention of any one.

commémorer, v.a., (neologism) to commemorate, to remember, to recollect.

commençant, n.m., -e, n.f., beginner, novice, tyro.

commencement (ko-māns-mān), n.m., beginning, commencement; setting in. Au —; in the beginning, at first. Les —s sont toujours difficiles; beginnings are always difficult.

commencer, v.a., to begin, to commence; to initiate, to impart the first principles to. — quelqu’un; to initiate, to begin with anyone. — un cheval; to begin training a horse.

commencer, v.n., to commence, begin. Lors-qu’il commença de parler; when he began speaking. Cet enfant commence à parler; this child begins to speak. [Commencer de indicates an action which will have an ending; commencer à indicates an action which will go on progressing.] N’a pas fait qui commence; the beginning is not every thing. À moitié fait qui commence bien; a good beginning is half the battle.

commendataire, adj., (canon law) commendatory.

commende, n.f., (canon law) commendam.

commender, v.a., to give in commendam.

commensal, n.m., -e, n.f., habitual guest; boarder; officer admitted to the royal table. Être — d’une maison; to be habitually a guest in a house. Être commensaux; to be companions at meals.

commensalité, n.f., right of admission to the royal table.

commensurabilité, n.f., (math.) commensurableness, commensurability.

commensurable, adj., (math.) commensurable.

commensuration, n.f., (math.) commensuration.

comment, adv., how, in what manner; why, wherefore; what! indeed! — cela? how is that? — faire? what is to be done? How can it be helped? —! vous voulez le faire; what! you wish to do it!

comment, n.m., the reason, the why and the wherefore. Savoir le pourquoi et le —; to know the why and the wherefore.

commentaire, n.m., commentary, comment, exposition; remark, observation. Point de —! (fam.) no impertinent remarks!

commentateur, n.m., commentator, annotator.

commenter, v.a., to comment, to criticise, to explain, expound, annotate.

commenter, v.n., to criticise; to comment upon.

commérage, n.m., gossiping; gossip, tittle-tattle.

commerçable, adj., negotiable.

commerçant, n.m., trader, merchant, tradesman.

commerçant, -e, adj., commercial, mercantile; trading.

commerce, n.m., commerce, trade, trading, traffic; intercourse, communication, correspondence, acquaintance, communion, conversation; a game at cards. — des colonies, — avec les colonies; colonial trade. Affaires de —; mercantile affairs. Femme de —; tradeswoman. Fond de —; business, stock. Être dans le —; to be in business, in trade. — en gros; wholesale trade. — en détail; retail trade. Il fait un gros —; he drives a roaring trade. Chambre de —; chamber of commerce. — de galanterie; intrigue. Lier — avec quelqu’un; to establish a correspondence with anyone. Liez — avec lui; get acquainted with him. Être d’un — sur; to be a person to be depended upon.

commercer, v.n., to trade, to drive a trade, to traffic in.

commercial, -e, adj., commercial.

commercialement, adv., commercially.

commère, n.f., godmother; gossip; friend, body. Cet homme est une vraie —; that man is a regular gossip. C’est une fameuse —; (fam.) she is a bold, cunning woman, not easily discouraged. Tout se fait par compère et par —; all is done by favor.

commérer, v.n., to gossip, to tittle-tattle.

commettage, n.m., (nav.) laying of ropes and cables.

commettant, n.m., constituent; employer; principal; (jur.) warrantor. Corps de —s; constituents, constituency.

commettre, v.a., to commit, to perpetrate; to appoint, to delegate, to constitute, to commission, to empower; to commit to any one’s charge, to intrust, to trust with, to confide; to expose; to embroil; to set by the ears, to make mischief between; (nav.) to lay.

se commettre, v.r., to commit oneself; to expose oneself, to trust oneself.

commination, n.f., (rhet.) commination.

comminatoire, adj., (jur.) comminatory.

comminuti-f, -ve, adj., comminutive.

comminution, n.f., comminution.

commis, -e, part., committed, appointed, entrusted, exposed; (nav.) laid.

commis, n.m., clerk; book-keeper; shopman. Premier —; head clerk. — marchand; merchant’s clerk. — voyageur; commercial traveler, bagman. — aux vivres; (nav.) steward. — d’administration; accountant. — de boutique, de magasin; shopman, counter jumper.

commise, n.f., (feudal jur.) forfeit, escheat; female-clerk, counterwoman.

commisération (kom-mi-), n.f., commiseration.

commissaire, n.m., commissary; commissioner; manager; trustee; (of a vessel) purser. — des guerres; commissary. — des vivres; commissary of stores. — adjoint; deputy commissioner. — des pauvres; member of a charitable board. — aux saisies réelles; sequestrator. — de police; superintendent of police. — priseur; (—s —s) auctioneer, appraiser.

commissariat, n.m., commissaryship, trusteeship; (milit.) commissariat.

commission, n.f., commission, trust, charge; commission-trade; errand; mandate, warrant; the holding a trust for a time only; a committee. Il est allé en —; he is gone on an errand. Obtenir — d’un juge; to obtain a judge’s warrant. — rogatoire; writ of inquiry. — d’enquête; committee of inquiry. Maison de —; agency-office. Membre d’une —; committee-man. En —; (nav.) in commission. En —; (com.) on sale or return. Faire des —s; to run errands or to obtain orders.

commissionnaire, n.m., messenger; porter, carrier, errand-boy; agent. — de vente; salesman. — de roulage; carrier, wagon office-keeper. — chargeur; freight agent. — expéditeur; shipping-agent.

commissionner, v.a., to empower, to commission.

commissoire, adj., (jur.) binding.

commissure, n.f., (anat.) commissure.

commissural, -e, adj., commissural.

committimus, n.m., (n.p.), (jur.) Lettres de —; chancery order appointing the court which is to take cognizance of an action.

committitur, n.m. (n.p.), (jur.) order of the president of a court of justice appointing a judge to hold an inquiry.

commodat, n.m., (jur.) gratuitous loan (to be repaid in kind); bailment.

commode, adj., commodious, convenient, favorable, serviceable, handy; comfortable; agreeable, easy; good-natured, accommodating. Une maison —; a comfortable house. Il n’est pas —; he is not accommodating, not easy, to get on with.

commode, n.f., chest of drawers, drawers.

commodément, adv., commodiously, conveniently, comfortably, suitably, easily.

commodité, n.f., convenience, accommodation; ☉conveyance; comfort, ease. —s; water-closet.

commodore, n.m., (nav.) commodore.

commotion, n.f., commotion; shock; (med.) concussion (of the brain).

commuable, adj., commutable.

commuer, v.a., (jur.) to commute.

commun, -e, adj., common; usual, ordinary, every day; mean, vulgar. Le sens —; common sense. Je n’ai rien de — avec lui; I have nothing in common with him. À frais —s; jointly. Faire bourse —e; to have one common stock or purse. Lieux —s; common places. Le droit —; common law. D’une —e voix; unanimously. Une voix —e; a vulgar voice. Le bruit —; current report. Cette terre vaut tant de revenu année —e; that land yields so much a year on an average. Peu —; uncommon, rare, unusual.

commun, n.m., the generality; commonalty; common people, the vulgar, the mob. Vivre sur le —; to spunge. L’âne du — est toujours le plus mal bâté; matters of public concern are commonly neglected. Le — des hommes; the generality of men. Le — des martyrs; the common herd. —s; servants, or domestic offices, out-buildings.

communal, -e, adj., parochial; parish; communal.

communauté, n.f., community, society; communion; corporation. — de biens; community of property (between husband and wife); (jur.) communion.

communaux, n.m.pl., (jur.) pasture grounds, common.

commune, n.f., commune (inhabitants); parish, township (in France); town-hall. La chambre des —s; the House of Commons. Le maire d’une —; the mayor of a district. Assemblée de la —; vestry.

communément, adv., commonly, usually, generally.

communiant, n.m., -e, n.f., communicant.

communicabilité, n.f., communicability.

communicable, adj., communicable.

communicati-f, -ve, adj., communicative.

communication, n.f., intercourse, communication, — de pièces; (jur.) production of documents. En — avec; open to (mec.). De —; communicating, connecting.

communicativement, adj., communicatively.

communier, v.n., to communicate, to receive the sacrament.

communier, v.a., to give the communion.

communion, n.f., communion, fellowship; sacrament. Faire sa première —; to receive the sacrament for the first time; to be confirmed.

communiqué, n.m., official communication, statement.

communiquer, v.a., to communicate, to impart; to show, to tell, to acquaint.

se communiquer, v.r., to be communicative, to communicate with, to spread (of places). Vous vous communiquez trop; you are too communicative.

communiquer, v.n., to hold or keep up a correspondence with.

communisme, n.m., communism.

communiste, n.m.f., communist.

commutati-f, -ve, adj., (jur.) commutative.

commutation, n.f., (jur.) commutation.

comocladie, n.f., (bot.) maiden-plum, comocladia.

compacité, n.f., (phys.) compactness, density.

compact, -e, adj., compact, close, serried; (phys.) dense, solid.

*compagne, n.f., female companion; consort, partner; helpmate; playmate; (of animals) mate. Fidèle —; faithful attendant.

*compagnie, n.f., society, company; (com.) company; (hunt.) covey; levy, troop. — ordonnancée; chartered company. — de commerce; trading company. Il n’y a pas si bonne — qui ne se sépare; the best of friends must part. Sa maison est le rendez-vous de la bonne —; his house is the resort of fashionable people. Dame de —; lady’s companion. Être de bonne —; to be well-bred. Aller en —; to go together. Tenir — à quelqu’un; to keep any one company. Fausser — à quelqu’un; to desert any one, to give the slip to any one. Une — de perdrix; a covey of partridges. Vous me traitez comme si j’étais —; you treat me as if I were somebody. Former une —; to establish a company. Règle de —; fellowship. Une — d’infanterie; a company of foot. Une — de cavalerie; a troop of horse. — franche; independent company.

*compagnon, n.m., companion, fellow, associate, co-mate, consort, mate, partner; journeyman, playfellow, playmate; droll fellow. — d’école, d’étude; schoolfellow. — de table; messmate. — de jeu; playfellow. — de taverne; pot-companion. — d’armes; companion in arms. Joyeux —; jolly fellow, jolly dog. Traiter de pair à —; to go cheek by jowl; to be “hail fellow well met” to anyone.

*compagnonnage, n.m., journeymanship, trades-union, time of service.

comparabilité, n.f., comparableness.

comparable, adj., comparable, to be compared.

comparaison, n.f., comparison; simile, similitude. Toute — cloche; comparisons are odious. Il n’y a point de — de vous à lui; there is no comparison between you and him. Ce n’est qu’un ignorant en — d’un tel; he is a mere ignoramus in comparison with such a one. Par — à, or avec, ce que j’ai fait; in comparison to, or with, what I have done.

comparaître, v.n., to appear (before a tribunal).

comparant, -e, n.m.f. and adj., person appearing in court on a summons; appearer.

comparati-f, -ve, adj., comparative.

comparatif, n.m., (gram.) comparative, comparative degree.

comparativement (-mān), adv., comparatively.

comparer, v.a., to compare. Se —; to be compared.

☉comparoir, v.n., (jur.) to appear.

comparse, n.m., (thea.) supernumerary, figurant, figurante.

compartiment, n.m., compartment, division.

compartimenté, -e, adj., with compartments.

comparution, n.f., (jur.) appearance.

compas, n.m., pair of compasses, compass. — à trois branches; triangular compasses. — à pointes changeantes; draught compasses. — de réduction; proportional compasses. — de variation; azimuth compass. Faire toutes choses par règle et par —, to do everything by rule and compass. Il a le — dans l’œil; he has a good eye for distances, or he has a sure eye.

compassé, -e, adj., formal, stiff, starched.

compassement (-pâs-mān), n.m., compassing, (fig.) stiffness, starchedness.

compasser, v.a., to measure with compasses; to proportion; to regulate; to weigh; to consider. Un homme bien compassé; a formal, affected man.

compassion, n.f., compassion, pity, mercy. Avoir — de quelqu’un, avoir de la — pour quelqu’un; to take compassion on any one, to have compassion for any one.

compatibilité, n.f., compatibility.

compatible, adj., compatible, consistent. Son humeur n’est pas — avec la mienne; his temper does not agree with mine.

compatir, v.n., to sympathize with, to compassionate, to commiserate, to pity; to agree, to be compatible with.

compatissance, n.f., pity, sympathy.

compatissant, -e, adj., compassionate, tender, pitying, feeling.

compatriote, n.m.f., compatriot, fellow-countryman, fellow-countrywoman.

compendieusement, adv., in brief, compendiously.

compendium (kon-pin-di-om), n.m., compendium, abridgment, summary.

compensable, adj., that may be compensated, compensable.

compensateur, n.m., (horl.) compensating balance. — magnétique; magnetic compensator (to indicate the deviations of the mariner’s compass).

compensat-eur, -rice, adj., (horl.) compensative, compensating. Pendule —; compensating pendulum.

compensation, n.f., compensation, amends, reparation, satisfaction; set-off. Faire —; to compensate, to make amends for.

compensatoire, adj., compensatory.

compenser, v.a., to counter-balance, to set against; to compensate, to make up for. Rien ne compense la perte de l’honneur; nothing can make up for the loss of honor.

se compenser, v.r., to compensate each other; to be balanced, to be set off against; to be counteracted by.

compérage, n.m., compaternity; cheating, trickery, collusion.

compère, n.m., godfather; gossip; crony; pal; confederate of a quack. Un bon —; a good companion, fellow. Un rusé —; a sly old blade. Par — et par commère; by favor and interest.

compère-loriot, n.m., (—s-—s) (orni.) goldhammer, goldfinch, loriot, stye (on the eye).

compétemment (kon-pé-ta-mān), adv., (l.u.) competently.

compétence, n.f., competency, cognizance; competition; department, sphere, province. Cela n’est pas de votre —; that is beyond your province.

compétent, -e, adj., sufficient, suitable, requisite; due; (jur.) cognizant; competent. C’est un juge —; he is a competent judge. Vous n’êtes pas — pour cela; you are not fit for that.

compéter, v.n., (jur.) to belong; to be due; to be cognizable.

compétit-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., competitor, competitress, candidate.

compétition, n.f., competition, rivalry, strife.

compilateur, n.m., compiler.

compilation, n.f., compilation.

compiler, v.a., to compile.

complainte, n.f., complaint (jur.); lament, complaint, lamentation, moan, plaint, wailing; plaintive ballad.

complaire, v.n., to humor, to please, to gratify, to comply with the wishes (of); to condescend to.

se complaire, v.r., to delight in; to admire one’s self.

complaisamment (-zam-an), adv., complaisantly, obligingly.

complaisance, n.f., kindness, goodness; complaisance, complacency; (com.) accommodation. —s; love, affection. Abuser de la — de quelqu’un; to abuse any one’s goodness. Faire une chose par —; to do a thing out of kindness.

complaisant, -e, adj., complaisant, affable, civil, obliging; kind.

complaisant, n.m., -e, n.f., over-civil person, fawner; go-between.

complant, n.m., (agri.) plantation, vineyard.

complément, n.m., complement, completion, supplement; objective case.

complémentaire, adj., complementary, completing.

compl-et, -ète, adj., complete, full, total, whole, perfect. Un habillement —; a complete suit of clothes. Œuvres —ètes; complete works.

complet, n.m., complement, full number. Être au —; to be full. Au grand —; quite full; all present.

complètement (kon-plet-mān), adv., completely, thoroughly, entirely, wholly; utterly.

complètement, n.m., finishing, completion.

compléter, v.a., to complete, to perfect; to fill up, make up.

compléti-f, -ve, adj., (gram.) completive.

complexe, adj., complex; complicated.

complexion, n.f., constitution; disposition, complexion, humor, temper, inclination.

complexionné, -e, adj., constituted; inclined.

complexité, n.f., complexity.

complication, n.f., intricacy, complication.

complice, n.m.f. and adj., accomplice, accessory, privy to; a party to.

complicité, n.f., complicity, participation.

complies, n.f.pl., (c.rel.) compline.

compliment, n.m., compliment. pl., congratulations. Faire — à quelqu’un; to compliment any one. Faites-lui mes —s; give him, her, my compliments. Mes —s chez vous; remember me to all at home. Je vous en fais mon —; I wish you joy. Rengainer son —; to stop short, not to go on with. Sans —; really, sincerely.

complimenter, v.a., to compliment, to congratulate.

complimenteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., complimenter.

complimenteu-r, -se, adj., complimentary.

compliqué, -e, adj., complicated, intricate.

compliquer, v.a., to render intricate, to complicate, to entangle.

se compliquer, v.r., to become complicated.

complot, n.m., plot, conspiracy.

comploter, v.a., to plot.

comploteur, n.m., plotter, schemer.

componction, n.f., compunction, contrition, remorse.

componé, -e, adj., (her.) compony.

☉comportement, n.m., demeanor, comportment.

comporter, v.a., to permit, to allow, to admit of. Le temps le comporte; the times require it.

se comporter, v.r., to behave, to behave one’s self; to act; to manage. Se — mal; to misbehave. Il se comportera mieux à l’avenir; he will behave better for the future.

composant, n.m., (chem.) component.

composante, n.f., (math.) component.

composé, -e, adj., composed, compound; complicate; affected, stiff. Un mot —; a compound word. Il a l’air extrêmement sérieux et —; he looks very grave and formal. Air —; stiff, starched air.

composé, n.m., compound.

composée, n.f., (bot.) composite flower.

composer, v.a., to compose, form, create, compound, make, fashion, adjust, regulate. — sa mine; to adjust one’s looks. Il faut savoir se — selon le temps, selon les lieux; one must regulate one’s self according to time and place. — des almanachs; to indulge in chimerical dreams. — un papier d’examen; to write out an examination paper.

composer, v.n., to compound, to compromise, to make up, to adjust; to capitulate. Il a composé avec ses créanciers; he has compounded with his creditors.

composeur, n.m., scribbler, paltry writer.

composite, adj., (arch.) composite.

composite, n.m., composite order.

compositeur, n.m., composer (of music); (jur.) compounder; (print.) compositor. Amiable —; (jur.) compounder, friendly arbitrator.

composition, n.f., composition, construction, composing, written examination; theme, agreement, settlement; capitulation. Venir à —; to come to an agreement. Un homme de —; an easy, tractable person. Faire bonne —; to grant advantageous terms. Il est de difficile —; he is hard to deal with. Se rendre par —; to surrender upon terms. Entrer en —; to enter into terms of composition.

compost, n.m., (agri.) compost.

composter, v.a., (agri.) to compost.

composteur, n.m., (print.) composing-stick.

compote, n.f., compote, stewed fruit, stew. — de pigeons; stewed pigeons. Avoir l’œil en —; to have a black eye. Avoir les yeux en —; to have a pair of black eyes.

compotier (-tié), n.m., shallow dish for stewed fruit.

compréhensibilité, n.f., comprehensibility.

compréhensible, adj., comprehensible, conceivable, intelligible.

compréhensi-f, -ve, adj., comprehensive.

compréhension, n.f., comprehension, apprehension, understanding, intelligence.

compréhensivité, n.f., comprehensiveness, faculty of comprehending.

comprendre, v.a., to comprehend, to include, to comprise, to contain, to understand, to conceive. Je comprends fort bien ce que vous me dites; I understand very well what you say to me. — mal; to misunderstand. À ce que je comprends; by what I understand. Je ne le comprends pas; I do not know what to make of him.

compresse, n.f., (surg.) compress, bolster, pledget. — fenêtrée; perforated compress.

compressibilité, n.f., compressibility.

compressible, adj., compressible.

compressi-f, -ve, adj., (surg.) compressive.

compression, n.f., compression, squeezing, condensation; (surg.) astriction.

comprimable, adj., compressible.

comprimé, -e, part., (bot.) compressed, flat, condensed; put down, kept under.

comprimer, v.a., to compress, to condense; to quell; to put down, to keep down, to restrain, to check, to curb.

compris, -e, adj., part., understood, included. Y —; inclusive of, including. Non —; not including, exclusive of, without.

compromettant, adj., injurious, dangerous, compromising; incriminating, damaging; disreputable.

compromettre, v.n., to compromise, to implicate; to put to arbitration, to consent to a reference, to refer to the arbitrament of one or more arbitrators.

compromettre, v.a., to expose, to commit, to compromise, to jeopardize, to imperil, to endanger. — son autorité, sa dignité; to imperil one’s authority or character.

se compromettre, v.r., to implicate, to compromise, oneself.

compromis, n.m., mutual agreement, compromise. Mettre en —; to submit to arbitration.

compromissaire, n.m., arbitrator, referee.

compromissionnaire, adj., by compromise.

comptabilité (kon-ta-), n.f., accounts, book-keeping. Il entend bien la —; he has a thorough knowledge of accounts.

comptable (kon-tabl), adj., accountable, responsible. Agent —; accountant; responsible agent; (nav.) paymaster. Nous sommes —s de nos talents à la patrie; we are accountable to our country for our talents.

comptable, n.m., accountant; responsible agent.

comptant (kon-tān), n.m., ready money, cash. Au —; (com.) for cash. Payer —; to pay ready money. Avoir du —; to be well provided with cash. Voilà tout mon —; here is all my cash.

comptant, adj., (of money) ready; (of payment) in cash; (com.) prompt.

compte (kont), n.m., account, reckoning, calculation, score; due, rate; question; statement, report; profit; benefit; esteem, value, regard. Avez-vous votre —? have you got the right amount? Je n’ai pas mon —; I have not my due. De — fait; altogether, on computation. — rond; even money. — borgne; odd money. À —; on account. À bon —; cheaply, at a small cost. Livre de —; book of accounts. Roue de —; (horl.) notch-wheel. Chambre des —s; chamber of accounts. Auditeur des —s; auditor of the exchequer. Arrêter, solder, un —, des —s; to settle accounts. Arrêté de —; account agreed upon, statement of account. Pour solde de —; in full of all demands. Faire rendre —; to call to account. Rendre —; to give an account. Avoir un — en banque; to have money at a banker’s. Mettre en ligne de —; to pass to account. Valider un —; to verify an account. Ouir un —; to audit an account. Arrêter un —; to strike a balance. Il y a un reliquat de — à solder; there is a balance still owing. Tenir —; to keep an account. Ne tenir ni — ni mesure; to leave all at sixes and sevens. À bon —; at a cheap rate. Être de bon —; to be fair in one’s dealings. Faire —; to depend upon, to expect, to intend. Il n’y a pas trouvé son —; he did not find what he expected or that it paid. Ils sont bien loin de —; they are a long way out. Vous m’en rendrez —; you shall answer for it. Il faut lui rendre — de tout; we must account to him for everything. Faire le — de; to suit, to do well. Je prends cela sur mon —; I will be responsible for that. On ne sait à quoi s’en tenir sur son —; we do not know what to think of him. À ce —-là; at that rate. Les bons —s font les bons amis; short reckonings make long friends. Faire — d’une personne; to value a person. Il n’en fait aucun —; he slights him. Au bout du —; when all is said and done. En fin de —; in the end. Se rendre — de; to get a clear idea of. Erreur n’est pas —; errors excepted.

compte-pas, n.m., (—) odometer, pedometer; surveying-wheel. V. odomètre.

compter (kon-té), v.a., to count, to reckon, to number, to calculate, to compute; to include; to charge; to settle accounts. — ses pas; to walk slowly. Marcher à pas comptés; to walk with measured steps.

compter, v.n., to reckon, to calculate; to intend, to purpose; to think, to expect. Quand comptez vous partir? when do you purpose setting out? Je compte le voir demain; I expect to see him to-morrow. — sur; to depend upon, to rely upon, to count upon; to anticipate, to expect. Comptez que; remember that. Comptez dessus; depend upon it. À — de; from, reckoning from. Qui compte sans son hôte compte deux fois; he who reckons without his host, must reckon again.

compte rendu, n.m., return, report, statement.

compteur (kon-teur), n.m., counter, accountant, computer; (mach.) tell-tale; (tech.) meter. — kilométrique; cyclometer.

comptoir (kon-toâr), n.m., counter; counting-house; factory, settlement; bar (of a public house, &c.). Dame de —; shopwoman; barmaid. Garçon de —; barman, barkeeper.

compulser, v.a., to look through a register; to examine, in virtue of a judge’s order.

compulsoire, n.m., (jur.) examination of papers in virtue of a judge’s order.

comput (kon-put), n.m., computation.

computation, n.f., computation.

computiste, n.m., computer, computist.

comtal, -e, adj., belonging to an earl or a countess.

comtat, n.m., county (of Avignon, or Venaissin).

comte, n.m., count; earl.

comté, n.m., county; earldom, shire.

comtesse, n.f., countess.

concasser, v.a., to pound, to bruise, to crush.

concasseur, n.m., bruising, or crushing, mill; (tech.) steam-roller.

concaténation, n.f., concatenation.

concave, adj., concave.

concavité, n.f., concaveness, concave, concavity.

concavo-concave, adj., concavo-concave.

concavo-convexe, adj., concavo-convex.

concédant, n.m., grantor.

concéder, v.a., to grant, to yield, to allow.

se concéder, v.r., to be granted, allowed.

concentration, n.f., concentration.

concentré, -e, part., concentrated; concentred; close, silent, reserved, close-tongued. Un homme toujours —; a thoughtful man; a man who is not communicative. Haine —e; suppressed hatred.

concentrer, v.a., to concentrate; to dissemble, to repress, to smother. — sa fureur; to dissemble one’s rage.

se concentrer, v.r., to concentrate, to meet in one centre; to centre; to retire within one’s self.

concentrique, adj., concentric.

concentriquement, adv., concentrically.

concept (kon-sèpt), n.m., (log.) concept.

conceptible, adj., conceivable.

concepti-f, -ve, adj., conceptive.

conception, n.f., conception; apprehension; thought, notion, understanding; wit, conceit. Il a la — vive, facile, dure; he is quick, easy, dull, of apprehension. Vous n’avez pas de — comment ...; you have no idea how ...

concernant, prep., concerning, relating to, touching, about, in reference to.

concerner, v.a. to relate or belong to, to concern, to regard.

concert, n.m., concert; harmony; unanimity, concord. — spirituel; oratorio. — de louanges; chorus of praises. De —; by mutual consent. Agir de —; to act in concert. Faire une chose de —; to go hand in hand in a business.

concertant, -e, adj., in concert (mus.). Symphonie —e; symphony performed in concert by two or three or more instruments.

concertant, n.m., -e, n.f., performer in a concert.

concerté, -e, adj., concerted, planned; contrived; affected; studied; starched.

concerter, v.a., to contrive, to concert; to plan, to devise; ☉to practise for a concert.

se concerter, v.r., to plan together, to concert; to lay ones’ heads together; to deliberate.

concerto, n.m., (—s) concerto.

concesseur, n.m., grantor.

concession, n.f., concession, grant, privilege.

concessionnaire, n.m., grantee. — d’un privilège; patentee. adj., privileged.

concetti, n.m.pl., (n.s.) witty conceits; affected wit.

concevable, adj., conceivable, imaginable.

concevoir, v.a., to apprehend, to imagine, to understand, to perceive, to take, to comprehend; to word, to express; to conceive; to become pregnant. Elle est hors d’âge de —; she is past child-bearing.

conche, n.f., (tech.) brine-pit.

conchoïdal, -e (-ko-), adj., (geom.) conchoidal.

conchoïde (-ko-), n.f., (geom.) conchoid.

conchologie, n.f., conchology.

conchologique, adj., conchological.

conchologiste, n.m., conchologist.

conchyte (-kit), n.f., conchite.

concierge, n.m.f., house-porter, portress; door-keeper, hall-porter.

conciergerie, n.f., place of porter or door-keeper; porter’s lodge. Conciergerie; a prison in Paris.

concile, n.m., an assembly of prelates and doctors, council; decrees and decisions of a council.

conciliable, adj., reconcilable.

conciliabule, n.m., conventicle, cabal, secret meeting. — en plein air; field conventicle.

conciliaire, adj., of or belonging to a council.

conciliairement, adj., in council.

conciliant, -e, adj., conciliating, reconciling, conciliatory.

conciliat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., conciliator; reconciler.

conciliat-eur, -rice, adj., conciliatory, conciliating.

conciliation, n.f., conciliation; reconciliation.

conciliatoire, adj., conciliatory.

concilier, v.a., to reconcile, to conciliate, to accord; to gain, to win, to procure.

se concilier, v.r., to conciliate, to gain, to win, to ingratiate one’s self. Se — les esprits; to gain people’s good will.

concis, -e, adj., concise, brief, short.

concision, n.f., brevity, conciseness.

concitoyen, n.m., -ne, n.f. (-in, -è-n), fellow-citizen; fellow-townsman or townswoman.

conclave, n.m., assembly of cardinals; conclave.

conclaviste, n.m., conclavist.

concluant, -e, adj., conclusive, decisive.

conclure, v.a., to conclude, to finish; to infer from; to move. Qu’en voulez-vous —? what do you infer from that?

conclure, v.n., to conclude, to infer; to think, to judge. Cette raison ne conclut pas; this reason proves nothing. — criminellement contre quelqu’un; to bring any one in guilty.

conclusi-f, -ve, adj., conclusive.

conclusion, n.f., final decision, conclusion; end, issue; inference.

concoct-eur, -rice, adj., concoctive.

concoction, n.f., concoction.

concombre, n.m., (bot.) cucumber. — sauvage; horse cucumber.

concomitance, n.f., concomitance.

concomitant, -e, adj., concomitant.

concordance, n.f., concordance, agreement; concord.

concordant, n.m., (mus.) baritone.

concordant, adj., (mus.) concordant.

concordat, n.m., concordat, compact, agreement; composition; bankrupt’s certificate. Bénéfice de —; (jur.) benefit of the insolvent act. Sans —; (jur.) uncertificated (of bankrupts).

concordataire, n.m., certificated bankrupt.

concorde, n.f., concord, good understanding, agreement, harmony. Mettre la — entre des ennemis; to reconcile enemies.

concorder, v.n., to live in concord, to agree, to concur.

concourant, -e, adj., concurrent.

concourir, v.n., to concur, to conspire, to contribute to, to cooperate in; to compete for; to unite; to meet. Tout concourt à ma ruine; all things conspire to my ruin. Être admis à —; to be allowed to compete. Ces deux hommes ont concouru pour le prix; these two men competed for the prize.

concours, n.m., concurrence, cooperation, assistance; concourse; meeting; match, tournament; competition; competitive examination. Son — m’a été fort utile; his cooperation has been very useful to me. Se présenter au —; to compete for.

concr-et, -ète, adj., (arith., log.) concrete; (math.) applicate.

concret, n.m., (log.) concrete.

concrétion, n.f., concretion.

concubinage, n.m., concubinage.

concubinaire, n.m., one who keeps a concubine.

concubine, n.f., concubine.

concupiscence, n.f., concupiscence, lust.

concupiscent, -e, adj., concupiscent, libidinous.

concupiscible, adj., concupiscible.

concurremment (-kur-ra-măn), adv., concurrently, in concurrence; jointly, together.

concurrence (kon-kur-rans), n.f., competition, rivalry, opposition. Jusqu’à — de; to the amount of, to the extent of. Faire — à; to compete with, to oppose.

concurrent, n.m., -e, n.f., competitor, rival, opponent.

concussion, n.f., extortion, embezzlement, peculation. User de —; to be guilty of bribery.

concussionnaire, n.m., extortioner, peculator, embezzler.

concussionnaire, adj., guilty of peculation, of bribery, extortion.

condamnable (-da-na-), adj., condemnable, blamable, criminal.

condamnation (-da-na-), n.f., condemnation, judgment, sentence. Subir sa —; to undergo one’s sentence. Subir —; to accept a sentence (without appeal). — par défaut; judgment by default. Passer —; to pass sentence; to confess oneself in the wrong.

condamné, n.m., -e, n.f., (kon-da-né), condemned, convict.

condamner (kon-da-né), v.a., to condemn, to sentence; to blame, to censure; to block up (doors, windows); to give over (patients). — à une amende; to fine. — d’avance; to prejudge.

condensabilité, n.f., condensability.

condensable, adj., condensable.

condensateur, n.m., (phys.) condenser.

condensation, n.f., condensation.

condenser, v.a., (phys.) to condense. — de nouveau; to recondense. Machine à —; condensing-engine.

se condenser, v.r., (phys.) to condense, to be condensed.

condenseur, n.m., (mec.) condenser.

condescendance, n.f., condescension, compliance. Acte de —; act of condescension, condescendence.

condescendant, -e, adj., condescending, complying.

condescendre, v.n., to condescend, to comply, to yield, to stoop to.

condiment, n.m., condiment.

condisciple, n.m., school-fellow.

condit, n.m., (pharm.) confection.

condition, n.f., condition, circumstances, nature; quality, figure, rank, fortune; station; situation, place; offer, terms; (silk manu.) drying-room. Améliorer sa —; to better one’s circumstances. Les gens de —; people of fashion. Être de —; to be well born. Être de basse —; to be low born. Chacun doit vivre selon sa —; every one ought to live according to his station. Toutes les —s ont leurs désagréments; every condition has its own drawbacks. Il est dans une bonne —; he has a good place. — provisionnelle; proviso. Sans —; without a proviso. Ils se sont rendus à des —s honorables; they surrendered upon honorable terms. À —, sous —; on condition. Vendre sous —; to sell on approval. À — que; on condition, provided that. En —; in service (of servants).

conditionné, -e, adj., made up, conditioned (with bien or mal); sound; downright; egregious; tipsy, tight; in a pretty state.

conditionnel, -le, adj., conditional; (jur.) provisory.

conditionnel, n.m., (gram.) conditional.

conditionnellement, adv., conditionally, on condition.

conditionnement, n.m., drying (of silk).

conditionner, v.a., (com.) to put into good condition, to make up; to dry (of silk).

condoléance, n.f., condolence. Faire ses compliments de — à quelqu’un; to pay a visit of condolence to anyone.

condoma, n.m., a species of antelope.

condor, n.m., (orni.) condor.

conduct-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., conductor, conductress, leader, guide; driver. — de train; guard.

conduct-eur, -rice, adj., leading; (phys.) conducting.

conductibilité, n.f., conductibility.

conductible, adj., conductible.

conduction, n.f., (phys.) conduction; (civic law) hiring.

conduire (conduisant, conduit), v.a., to conduct, to lead, to guide, to convey, to carry, to bring, to take; to go along with, to accompany, to attend, to escort; to have the command of; to govern, to rule, to direct, to manage. Conduisez monsieur à sa chambre; show the gentleman to his room. — un troupeau; to drive a flock. — une affaire; to manage a business. — un jeune homme; to train or bring up a youth. — la conscience de quelqu’un; to direct any one’s conscience. — un bâtiment, un travail; to be surveyor of a building, to have the direction of a work. Savoir — sa barque; to play one’s cards well.

se conduire, v.r., to conduct, to behave oneself; to guide, to govern, oneself; to find one’s way.

conduire, v.n., to conduct, to lead to; to drive. Ce chemin conduit à la ville; this road leads to the town. — à grandes guides; to drive four-in-hand. L’art de —; the art of driving.

conduit, n.m., conduit, duct, passage, pipe; tube, canal. — auditif; auditory passage. — acoustique; speaking-pipe. — de vent; (mach.) blast-pipe.

conduite, n.f., conduct, leading; management, charge, direction, administration; behavior, demeanor, deportment; guidance, prudence, discretion; water-pipes; (nav.) conduct-money; (mus.) port (of the voice). Tuyau de —; delivery pipe. Se charger de la — d’une affaire; to undertake the management of a business. La — d’une pièce de théâtre; the disposition, arrangement, of a drama. — régulière; orderly conduct. Avoir de la —; to be well-behaved. Manquer de —; to misconduct oneself, to be ill-behaved. Faire la — à quelqu’un; to see anyone off; to attend anyone to the grave.

condupliqué, adj., (bot.) (of leaves) conduplicated.

condyle, n.m., (anat.) condyle.

condyloïde, adj., condyloid.

cône, n.m., cone; (opt.) pencil; (bot.) strobile. En —; conical.

☉confabulateur, n.m., story-teller, conversationalist.

☉confabulation, n.f., confabulation.

☉confabuler, v.n., to confabulate, to chat.

confection, n.f., confection, making up; ready made clothes; electuary; execution, completion. La — du chyle; the formation of the chyle. La — d’un inventaire; the completing an inventory. Maison de —s; dress-making establishment.

confectionné, -e, adj., made, manufactured, ready-made.

confectionner, v.a., to manufacture, to make, to finish.

confectionneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., maker, finisher (of wearing apparel), clothier, outfitter.

confédérati-f, -ve, adj., confederative.

confédération, n.f., confederation, confederacy.

confédéré, -e, n. and adj., confederate, associate, federate, accomplice.

se confédérér, v.r., to confederate, to unite, to combine.

conférence, n.f., conference; lecture; comparison, collation. Maître de —; lecturer, professor.

conférencier, n.m., lecturer.

conférer, v.n., to compare, to collate, to confer, to bestow, to grant. — un auteur avec un autre; to collate two authors.

conférer, v.n., to consult together, to confer; to bestow, to grant; (print.) to revise.

conferve, n.f., (bot.) conferva, hair-weed.

confesse, n., (c.rel.) confession (to a priest). [This noun has no gender, is always accompanied by à or de, and never by any article.] Aller à —; to go to confession.

confesser, v.a., to confess; to acknowledge, to avow, to own, to admit. C’est le diable à —; it is terribly hard, or very hard lines.

se confesser, v.r., to confess one’s sins, to confess (to a priest). Se — au renard; to betray oneself.

confesseur, n.m., confessor; father confessor.

confession, n.f., confession, acknowledgment, avowal. Donner à quelqu’un le bon Dieu sans —; to trust any one with untold gold.

confessionnal, n.m., confessional.

confiance, n.f., confidence, reliance, trust, dependence, assurance; self-conceit. Avoir de la — en quelqu’un; to repose confidence in any one. Donner sa — à quelqu’un; to confide in any one. Homme de —; confidential man of business. Une personne de —; a trustworthy person. Cela donne de la —; that inspires confidence.

confiant, -e, adj., confident, unsuspecting, sanguine; self-conceited.

confidemment (-da-mān), adv., in confidence, confidentially.

confidence, n.f., confidence, secrecy, secret, disclosure; trust (of benefices). Être dans la — de quelqu’un; to be in any one’s confidence. Il était dans la —; he was in the secret. Un échange de —s; an exchange of secrets. Faire une — à quelqu’un; to tell a secret to any one; to take any one into one’s confidence. Faire une — fausse; to make a pretended disclosure. Tenir un bénéfice en —; to hold a living in trust.

confident, n.m., -e, n.f., confident, confidant, confidante.

confidentiaire (-ci-), n.m., one who holds a living in trust.

confidentiel, -le (-ci-), adj., confidential.

confidentiellement (-ci-), adv., confidentially.

confier, v.a., to confide, to intrust, to commit to; to tell in confidence.

se confier, v.r., to trust in; to place reliance on; to unbosom one’s self to. Se — en ses forces; to trust to one’s own strength. Je me confie à vous; I trust you.

configuration, n.f., configuration, form, shape.

configurer, v.a., (l.u.) to configurate, to form, to shape.

confinement, n.m., (jur.) confinement, imprisonment.

confiner, v.n., to border upon; to confine, to limit, to adjoin.

confiner, v.a., to confine, to imprison.

se confiner, v.r., to confine, to limit one’s self.

confinité, n.f., confinity, contiguity.

confins, n.m.pl., confines, borders, limits. Aux — de la terre; at the ends of the earth.

confire (confisant, confit), v.a., to preserve; to candy, to pickle. Confit en dévotion; extremely devout. — une peau; to soak a skin. C’est un homme confit; he is done for. Se —; to be preserved.

confirmati-f, -ve, adj., confirmatory.

confirmation, n.f., confirmation, ratification, sanction. Cela a besoin de —; that requires confirmation.

confirmer, v.a., to confirm, to ratify, to sanction. — quelqu’un; (l.ex.) to give any one a slap in the face.

se confirmer, v.r., to be confirmed.

confiscable, adj., confiscable, forfeitable, liable to forfeiture.

confiscant, adj., (jur.) confiscating.

confiscation, n.f., confiscation, forfeiture.

confiserie, n.f., confectionery, confectioner’s shop.

confiseur, n.m., -se, n.f., confectioner.

confisquer, v.a., to confiscate, to forfeit, to impound.

confite, part., adj., preserved, pickled.

confiteor, n.m., (—) confiteor. Dire son —; to acknowledge one’s fault.

confiture, n.f., preserve, jam.

confituri-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., dealer in preserves, confectioner; preserve-maker.

conflagration, n.f., conflagration.

conflit, n.m., contention, strife, contest, rivalry, conflict, collision, encounter; jarring, clashing.

confluent, n.m., (geog.) confluence, junction, conflux.

confluent, -e, adj., (med.) confluent. Petite verolé —e; confluent small-pox.

confluer, v.n., to be confluent.

confondre, v.a., to confound, to confuse; to blend, to mix, to mingle; to amaze, to astound, to abash.

se confondre, v.r., to be confounded, to blend, to mingle, to be lost in.

conformation, n.f., conformation.

conforme, adj., conformable, congenial, consonant, consistent. Pour copie —; a true copy, conformable to the original.

conformé, -e, adj., formed, shaped.

conformément, adv., suitably, conformably, agreeably.

conformer, v.a., to conform.

se conformer, v.r., to conform one’s self, to follow, to comply with. Se — aux circonstances; to conform to circumstances.

conformiste, n.m.f., conformist.

conformité, n.f., likeness, agreement, conformity, compliance. En —; conformably, in compliance with, agreeably to.

confort, n.m., comfort, ease; ☉help, succour.

confortable, adj., consolatory, comfortable.

confortable, n.m., comfort, ease.

confortant, -e, or confortati-f, -ve, adj., strengthening, comforting.

confortatif, n.m., (med.) corroborant.

confortation, n.f., (l.u.) strengthening.

conforter, v.a., to comfort; (med.) to strengthen; to console.

confraternité, n.f., fraternity, brotherhood, fellowship.

confrère, n.m., colleague; fellow-member; contemporary, brother-magistrate, etc.

confrérie, n.f., brotherhood, confraternity.

confrication, n.f., (pharm.) confrication.

confrontation, n.f., confrontation; comparing, collation (of writings).

confronter, v.a., to confront, to stand face to face; to compare, to collate. — la copie à l’original; to compare the copy with the original.

confus, -e, adj., vague, indistinct, ashamed, abashed, crestfallen, confused; obscure, dim, faint. Bruit —; confused rumor.

confusément, adv., confusedly, vaguely, dimly.

confusion, n.f., confusion; disorder, disturbance, trouble; shame, blush. Mettre tout en —; to disturb everything. En —; in disorder, disorderly.

confutation, n.f., confutation; refutation.

confuter, v.a., to disprove, to confute, to refute.

congé, n.m., (milit.) leave; liberty, permission; discharge, dismissal; warning, notice (to quit); holiday; congé; permit; (nav.) pass, clearance; (arch.) apophysis; escape; (milit.) furlough. Prendre —; to take one’s leave. Jour de —; holiday. En —; on leave, on furlough.

congéable, adj., dismissable, dischargeable; (jur.) held under tenancy at will.

congédier, v.a., to discharge, to dismiss, to pay off; to disband, to break up.

congélable, adj., congealable.

congélateur, n.m., refrigerator, freezing machine.

congélation, n.f., congelation, congealing; (mas.) rock-work; icicle (on sculptures).

congeler, v.a., to congeal, to freeze; to coagulate.

se congeler, v.r., to congeal, to freeze; to coagulate.

congénère, adj., congener, congenerous.

congénital, -e, adj., congenital.

congestion (-jès-tion), n.f., congestion.

congiaire, n.m., (antiq.) subsidy.

conglobation, n.f., (rhet.) conglobation.

☉conglobé, -e, adj., conglobate; (anat.) lymphatic; globate, globated.

conglomérat, n.m., (geol.) conglomerate.

conglomération, n.f., conglomeration.

conglomérer, v.a., to conglomerate.

conglutinant, -e, adj., conglutinant.

conglutinati-f, -ve, adj., conglutinative.

conglutination, n.f., conglutination.

conglutiner, v.a., to glue together; to thicken, to conglutinate.

congratulation, n.f., congratulation.

congratulatoire, adj., congratulatory.

congratuler, v.a., (jest.) to congratulate, to felicitate.

congre, n.m., conger; conger-eel.

congréer, v.a., (nav.) to worm (a cable).

congréganiste, n.m.f., congregationalist.

congrégation, n.f., fraternity, congregation; brotherhood. — des fidèles; whole body of any church.

congrès, n.m., congress.

congrier, n.m., stake-net.

congru, -e, adj., suitable, consistent, agreeable to, congruous, proper. Portion —e; suitable allowance.

congruité, n.f., congruity, consistency, propriety.

congrûment, adv., congruously, properly.

conicine, n.f., (chem.) conia.

conifère, adj., coniferous.

coniforme, adj., coniform.

conique, adj., conical.

coniques, n.f.pl., conics, conic sections.

conite, n.m., (min.) conite.

conjectural, -e, adj., conjectural.

conjecturalement (-ral-mān), adv., conjecturally.

conjecture, n.f., guess, conjecture, surmise.

conjecturer, v.a., to conjecture, to guess, to surmise.

conjoindre, v.a., to conjoin, to join, to unite, to connect.

conjoint, -e, part., conjoined, joined, united. Les futurs —s; the bride and bridegroom that are to be. Feuilles —es; (bot.) conjugate leaves. Règle —e; (arith.) chain-rule.

conjointement (kon-joint-mān), adv., conjointly, unitedly.

conjoncti-f, -ve, adj., conjonctive.

conjonction, n.f., conjunction; union, connection; coition.

conjonctive, n.f., (anat.) conjunctiva.

conjonctivement, adv., conjunctively.

conjoncture, n.f., conjuncture, juncture.

conjugaison, n.f., (gram., anat.) conjugation.

conjugal, -e, adj., conjugal.

conjugalement (-gal-mān), adv., conjugally.

conjugati-f, -ve, adj., (gram.) conjugative, relating to conjugation.

conjuguer (-ghé), v.a., (gram.) to conjugate.

se conjuguer, v.r., to be conjugated.

conjungo, n.m., (jest.) wedding, marriage; (diplom.) writing without stops or space.

conjurateur, n.m., plotter, conspirator; conjurer.

conjuration, n.f., conspiracy, plot; conjuration, exorcism. pl., entreaties.

conjuré, n.m., conspirator, plotter.

conjuré, -e, part., confederate, sworn.

conjurer, v.a., to implore; to conspire, to plot; to swear; to raise evil spirits, to exorcise, to conjure, to ward off, to avert. Il trouva moyen de — la tempête; he found a way of warding off the storm.

connaissable, adj., (l.u.) recognisable, easily known.

connaissance, n.f., knowledge; acquaintance; intercourse; senses, consciousness; learning understanding; (hunt.) the print of a stag’s foot on the ground. pl., knowledge, attainments, acquirements. La — du bien et du mal; the knowledge of good and evil. Prendre — d’une chose; to take note of a thing. Prendre — d’une cause; to take cognizance of a case. Parler en — de cause, agir avec — de cause; to speak knowingly, to proceed upon a thorough knowledge of the matter. Faire — avec quelqu’un; to form the acquaintance of any one. Être en pays de —; to be among friends. Ses —s sont très-bornées; his knowledge is very limited.

connaissants, adj.m.pl., (jur.) skilled; well acquainted with.

connaissement (-nès-mān), n.m., (com.) bill of lading.

connaisseu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., adj., connoisseur, one skilled in a thing.

connaisseu-r, -se, adj., judge, good judge, connoisseur.

connaître (connaissant, connu), v.a., to know to be aware of, to perceive; to understand, to be versed in anything; to be acquainted with; to experience, to discern, to distinguish. Je le connais de vue; I know him by sight. Faire —; to make it appear, to prove, to reveal, to make known. Se faire —; to make one’s self known. Je le ferai —; I will show him up. Dès qu’il est question d’intérêt, il ne connaît plu personne; in matters of interest, everybody is a stranger to him. Je ne connais que cela; that’s all I can say, all I know. — à fond; to know thoroughly. Connaissez-vous cet homme-là? are you acquainted with that man? — quelque chose à quelqu’un; to know that a person has or possesses.

se connaître, v.r., to know one’s self; to know each other; (of things) to be known. Connais-toi, toi-même; know thyself. Il ne se connaît pas; he is out of his senses. Se — en quelque chose; to understand a thing, to be a judge of a thing. Ne pas se — de joie; to be beside one’s self with joy. Je m’y connais; I understand all about it, I know what it all means.

connaître, v.n., to know; to have cognizance, to take cognizance (of).

conné, -e (ko-n-né), adj., (bot.) connate.

connecti-f, -ve, adj., (bot.) connective.

connétable, n.m., high constable, mayor.

connétable, n.f., high constable’s wife.

connétablie, n.f., the court and jurisdiction of the high constable; residence of the high constable.

connexe (ko-n-nèks), adj., (jur.) connected.

connexion (ko-n-nèk-sion), n.f., connection, affinity.

connexité (ko-n-nèk-si-té), n.f., connection, connexity.

connivence (ko-n-ni-), n.f., connivance.

connivent, -e (ko-n-ni-), adj., (anat., bot.) connivent.

conniver (ko-n-ni-), v.n., to connive.

connu, n.m., known; that which is known.

connu, -e, part., known, understood. Il est — comme le loup blanc; he is known by everybody. Il gagne à être —; he improves on acquaintance. Connu! that’s an old story. En chiffres —s; in plain figures.

conoïdal, adj., (bot.) conoidal.

conoïde, n.m., (anat., geom.) conoid.

conoïde, adj., (anat., geom.) conoidical.

conque, n.f., conch, sea-shell; (anat.) concha, pavilion of the ear.

conquérant, n.m., conqueror; (fam.) lady-killer.

conquérant, -e, adj., conquering.

conquérir (conquérant, conquis), v.a., to conquer, to subdue; to gain, to obtain, to win over.

conquêt, n.m., (jur.) acquisition, acquired property. —s; property (acquired by two married people).

conquête, n.f., conquest, acquisition; success, winning of favors.

consacrant, adj., consecrating, officiating.

consacrant, n.m., consecrator, officiant.

consacrer, v.a., to consecrate; to dedicate, to devote; to hallow, to sanctify; to sanction, to perpetuate; to appropriate, to give. — son temps à; to devote one’s time to.

se consacrer, v.r., to devote one’s self.

consanguin, -e (-ghin, -ghi-n), n. and adj., (jur.) on the father’s side. Frère —, sœur —e; half-brother, half-sister, on the father’s side. Les —s; half-brothers and sisters on the father’s side.

consanguinité (-gu-i), n.f., consanguinity.

conscience, n.f., conscience, perception, consciousness, sentiment; (print.) work paid by the day; the compositors paid by the day. Cri de —; qualm of conscience. — nette; clear conscience. Remords de —; remorse, sting of conscience. Se faire un cas de — d’une chose; to make a matter of conscience of anything. Avoir la — de; to be conscious of. Il a la — large; he is not over scrupulous. La main sur la —; candidly, sincerely. Il a dit tout ce qu’il avait sur la —; he has opened his mind without reserve. Transiger avec sa —; to compound with one’s conscience. En —; conscientiously; in conscience; indeed, candidly.

consciencieusement, adv., conscientiously.

consciencieu-x, -se, adj., conscientious.

conscient, -e, adj., (philo.) conscious.

conscription, n.f., (milit.) conscription; enlistment; enrolling.

conscriptionnel, -le, adj., relating to the conscription, enlistment.

conscrit, adj., conscript. Père —; Roman senator.

conscrit, n.m., conscript, recruit, raw soldier; freshman; novice, greenhorn.

consécrateur, n.m., consecrator.

consécration, n.f., consecration, dedication; ordination; sanction.

consécuti-f, -ve, adj., consecutive; following.

consécutivement (-tiv-mān), adv., consecutively.

conseigle, n.m., meslin (mixture of rye and wheat or oats).

*conseil, n.m., counsel, advice; council; council-board; board; resolution, course, determination; counselor, adviser. — de commerce; board of trade. — municipal; town-council. — des ministres; cabinet-council. — de révision; military board of appeal. Il ne prend — que de sa tête; he does everything by himself, without consulting any one. La nuit porte —; sleep upon it. — de guerre; court-martial, council of war. — de famille; family council; commission of lunacy. À parti pris pas de —; advice is useless to a man who has made up his mind.

*conseiller, v.a., to advise, to counsel, to give advice.

*conseill-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., counselor, adviser; councilor; puisne justice; judge.

*conseilleur, n.m., adviser; officious person.

consentant, -e, adj., consenting, willing.

consentement (kon-sant-mān), n.m., consent, assent.

consentir, v.n., to consent, to agree to, to acquiesce; to assent to; (nav.) to spring, to break (of masts). Qui ne dit mot consent; silence gives consent.

*conséquemment (-ka-mān), adv., consequently, accordingly, conformably.

conséquence, n.f., consequence, sequel; event, issue; inference; movement, importance; weight, deduction. Tirer une —; to draw an inference. Prévoir les —s d’une démarche; to foresee the consequences of a measure. Cela tire à —; that will be a precedent. De peu de —; of no consequence, insignificant. C’est un homme sans —; he is a person of no consequence. Faire l’homme de —; to set up for a man of consequence. Une affaire de nulle —; an affair of no moment. En —; accordingly. En — de vos ordres; according to your orders. Cela ne tire pas à —; that is of no importance.

conséquent, -e, adj., just, rational, consistent, coherent.

conséquent, n.m., (log., math.) consequent. Par —; consequently, in consequence.

conservat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., adj., preserver, guardian, keeper; conservative. — des chasses; ranger. — des eaux et forêts; commissioner of woods and forests.

conservati-f, -ve, adj., preservative.

conservation, n.f., preservation; conservation, registration (of mortgages).

conservatoire, n.m., academy of music and school of elocution; Magdalen asylum; museum; (of objects of art).

conservatoire, adj., conservative, conservatory, preservative.

conserve, n.f., preserve; pickle; (nav.) consort; (phar.) conserve. pl., preservers (spectacles). Deux vaisseaux vont de —; two ships keep company together. —s au vin aigre; pickles.

conservé, -e, part., preserved. Ce tableau est bien —; this painting is well preserved. Être bien —; to bear one’s age well; to be hale and hearty.

conserver, v.a., to preserve, to keep; to maintain. Une vie réglée conserve et fortifie la santé; a regular life preserves and strengthens health.

se conserver, v.r., to be preserved; to preserve one’s self; to keep (of meat, etc.); to bear one’s age well. Son teint s’est bien conservé; her complexion wears well. Conservez-vous; take care of yourself.

considérable, adj., considerable, notable, eminent, illustrious, important. Peu —; of little importance.

considérablement, adv., considerably.

considérant, n.m., (jur.) preamble; recital.

considération, n.f., consideration, attention; account, regard, sake; note, respect, esteem. Cela mérite —; that requires consideration. C’est à votre — qu’il l’a fait; it is out of regard for you that he did it. Faire entrer en —; to take into consideration. N’avoir aucune — pour les gens; to have no regard for people. Il n’a nulle — dans le monde; he is held in no esteem whatever. Un homme de —; a man of note. En — de; in consideration of, out of regard for, for the sake of.

considérément, adv., considerately, prudently, thoughtfully.

considérer, v.a., to consider, to take into consideration, to look at, to view, to gaze upon, to regard, to behold, to contemplate; to pay regard to; to have a consideration for, to value, to esteem, to respect, to look up to; to mind, to look to; to look upon. Tout bien considéré; all things considered. — une chose en elle-même; to look at a thing in itself. Il faut bien — les choses avant de s’engager; you must look before you leap.

se considérer, v.r., to esteem one’s self; to look to one’s self; to be considered.

*consignataire, n.m.f., trustee, depositary; (com.) consignee.

*consignat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., (com.) consignor.

consignation, n.f., consignment, deposit; lodgment (banking); (jur.) consignation. Caisse des dépôts et —s; deposit bank. Ces marchandises sont à la — d’un tel; these goods are consigned to so and so.

*consigne, n.f., (milit.) orders, pass-word; instructions; cloak-room (at stations). Manquer à la —; to disregard orders. Forcer la —; to force a sentry, to infringe orders. Lever la —; to revoke orders; to release from confinement.

*consigner, v.a., to deposit; to record, to enter, to note down, to register; to refuse admittance; to keep in; (com.) to consign. Je l’ai consigné à ma porte; I have left orders not to admit him.

consistance, n.f., consistency, consistence; firmness; stability; credit, consideration; (jur.) matter. Le temps n’a point de —; the weather is unsettled. C’est un esprit qui n’a point de —; he is a person of no consistency. Cette nouvelle prend de la —; the news is gaining ground.

consistant, -e, adj., consisting of; firm, fixed, solid, compact.

consister, v.n., to be composed of, to consist. Le tout consiste à savoir; the main point is to know. Son revenu consiste en rentes; his revenue consists of property in the funds.

consistoire, n.m., consistory.

consistorial, -e, adj., consistorial.

consistorialement, adv., in a consistory.

consolable, adj., consolable.

consolant, -e, adj., consoling, comforting, consolatory.

consolat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., comforter, consoler.

consolat-eur, -rice, adj., consoling; consolatory.

consolation, n.f., consolation, comfort, solace.

consolatoire, adj., consolatory.

console, n.f., (arch.) console, bracket-table; pier-table; corbel.

consoler, v.a., to console, to solace, to comfort.

se consoler, v.r., to be consoled, to be comforted; to solace, to console oneself.

consolidant, n.m. and adj., (med., surg.) consolidant.

consolidation, n.f., consolidation, funding.

consolidement, n.m., act of consolidating, consolidation.

consolider, v.a., to consolidate, to strengthen.

se consolider, v.r., to consolidate, to grow firm.

consolidés, n.m.pl., consolidated funds, consols.

consommable, adj., consumable.

consommateur, n.m., consumer, eater, drinker; (theol.) perfecter.

consommation, n.f., consummation; consumption; drinks, refreshments. Voulez-vous jouer les —s? shall we play for the drinks?

consommé, n.m., broth, gravy-soup, beef-tea.

consommé, -e, part., consumed, used; consummated; consummate; profound; accomplished.

consommer, v.a., to consummate, to complete, to perfect, to finish, to accomplish; to consume, to use.

☉consompti-f, -ve, adj., (med.) consumptive, in a decline.

☉consomptif, n.m., (med., surg.) caustic.

consomption, n.f., consumption; destruction; (med.) atrophy, decline. Être atteint de —; to be in a decline.

consonnance, n.f., consonance, consonancy; concord.

consonnant, -e, adj., consonant.

consonne, n.f., consonant.

consorts, n.m.pl., consorts; (jur.) associates, people connected together, having the same interest; (b.s.) confederates.

consoude, n.f., (bot.) comfrey, consound.

conspirant, -e, adj., (mec.) conspiring.

conspirateur, n.m., conspirator.

conspiration, n.f., conspiracy, plot. La — des poudres; the gunpowder-plot.

conspirer, v.a. and n., to conspire, to agree together, to concur, to combine; to plot. Tout conspire à me ruiner; everything conspires to my ruin. — la ruine de l’Etat; to plot the ruin of the State.

conspuer, v.a., to spit upon; to despise, to flout, to spurn, to hiss.

constable, n.m., constable.

constabulaire, adj., constabulary.

constamment (-sta-mān), adv., with constancy, steadily, perseveringly; constantly.

constance, n.f., constancy; perseverance; steadiness, steadfastness; firmness, persistence.

constant, -e, adj., constant, unshaken; steadfast, persevering, unvarying, invariable; steady, lasting; certain, unquestionable. Il est — que; it is an established fact that.

constante, n.f., (alg.) constant quantity.

constatation, n.f., authentication; ascertaining, verification; declaration.

constater, v.a., to prove, to verify, to establish undeniably, to testify to; to ascertain, to state, to declare.

constellation (-stèl-la-), n.f., constellation.

constellé, -e, (-stèl-lé), adj., constellated; studded.

consteller, v.a., to constellate, to dot, to strew, to stud.

consternation, n.f., consternation, dismay.

consterner, v.a., to strike with consternation; to astound, to amaze, to dismay, to dishearten.

constipation, n.f., constipation, costiveness.

constipé, -e, adj., costive, constipated.

constiper, v.a., to constipate, to bind.

constituant, -e, adj., constituent; giving a power of attorney.

constituant, n.m., member of the Constituent Assembly (French hist.).

constituante, n.f., Constituent Assembly (French hist.).

constituer, v.a., to constitute, to establish, to make; to place, to put, to organize; to raise to an office or dignity; to settle, to assign; to give into custody. Qui vous a constitué juge? who made you judge in the matter? — quelqu’un prisonnier; to commit anyone to prison. — une rente; to settle an annuity. — un précédent; to establish a precedent.

se constituer, v.r., to constitute oneself, to form oneself into. Se — prisonnier; to give oneself up.

constituti-f, -ve, adj., constitutive.

constitution, n.f., constitution, establishment, formation, composition; temper, temperament; settlement of an annuity; declaration of appointment.

constitutionnalité, n.f., constitutionality.

constitutionnellement (-nèl-mān), adv., constitutionally.

constitutionnel, n.m., constitutionalist.

constitutionnel, -le, adj., constitutional.

constricteur, n.m., (anat.) constrictor.

constriction, n.f., constriction, contraction, compression; (med.) astriction.

constricti-f, -ve, adj., (med.) constringent.

constringent, -e, adj., constringent.

constructeur, n.m., constructor, builder; shipbuilder, shipwright.

construction, n.f., act of building; arrangement and connection of words in a sentence; construction; building, erection; structure; shipbuilding. Faire de nouvelles —s; to erect new buildings. La — d’une carte géographique; the construction of a map. Faire la — d’une phrase; to construct a phrase. Vaisseau de — française; French-built ship. En —; building, (nav.) on the stocks. De —; building, build.

constructivité, n.f., (phrenology) constructiveness.

construire (construisant, construit), v.a., to construct, to build, to erect, to rear up, to frame; to arrange; (gram.) to construct. De —; building. En —; in course of erection; (of ships) on the stocks.

consubstantialité (-sia-), n.f., consubstantiality.

consubstantiation (-sia-), n.f., consubstantiation.

consubstantiel, -le, (-sièl), adj., consubstantial.

consubstantiellement (-sièl-mān), adv., consubstantially.

consul, n.m., consul.

consulaire, adj., consular. Personnage —; an ex-consul.

consulairement (-lèr-mān), adv., consularly; by consuls.

consulat, n.m., consulate; consulship.

consultant, adj.m., consulting. Avocat —; chamber-counselor. Médecin —; consulting physician.

consultant, n.m., consulter; person consulted.

consultati-f, -ve, adj., consultative, deliberative. Avoir voix —ve; to have the right of discussion without that of voting.

consultation, n.f., consultation; conference; opinion, advice.

consulter, v.a., to consult, to advise with, to take advice of, to deliberate, to confer. — un avocat; to take counsel’s opinion. — une affaire; to examine into an affair. — son chevet; to consult one’s pillow. Ils consultèrent ensemble; they laid their heads together. Il en veut — avec ses amis; he wishes to confer with his friends about it.

se consulter, v.r., to consider, to reflect, to deliberate; to be consulted. La voix de la raison ne se consulte jamais; the voice of reason is never listened to.

consulteur, n.m., counselor, adviser.

consumant, -e, adj., consuming, devouring, burning.

consumer, v.a., to consume; to destroy; to wear out or away; to squander, to waste, to spend. Le temps consume toutes choses; time wears out everything. Cette maladie le consume; that disease is wearing him to nothing.

se consumer, v.r., to decay, to waste away, to wear out; to ruin one’s self; to undermine one’s health; to waste one’s strength. Il se consume d’ennui; he is wasting away with weariness. Se — de douleur; to pine away with grief.

contabescence, n.f., (med.) consumption.

contabescent, -e, adj., (med.) consumptive.

contact (-takt), n.m., contact, connection, touch; (mining) nip (of the roof or wall).

contagieu-x, -se, adj., contagious, catching; infectious.

contagion, n.f., contagion, infection. — de mœurs; corruption of manners. La — du vice; the infection of vice.

*contaille, adj.f., floss. Soie —; floretta, refuse, floss-silk.

contamination, n.f., contamination.

contaminer, v.a., to contaminate.

conte, n.m., story, tale, falsehood, fib, nonsense. —s de fées; fairy tales. Réciter un —; to tell a story. — en l’air; improbable story, fiction. — fait à plaisir; made-up story. — gras; smutty, lascivious story. — de bonne femme, — à dormir debout, — bleu, — borgne; idle, silly story; old woman’s tale. Il brode un peu le —; he exaggerates the story a little (i.e., improves upon it). Ce sont des —s; it is only a joke. C’est un grand faiseur de —s; he is a great fibber, a great story-teller.

contemplat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., contemplator.

contemplati-f, -ve, adj., contemplative.

contemplation, n.f., contemplation, meditation, reflection; admiration.

contempler, v.a., to contemplate, to behold, to survey, to view, to gaze on.

contempler, v.n., to contemplate, to meditate, to reflect.

contemporain, -e, adj., contemporary, contemporaneous.

contemporain, n.m., -e, n.f., contemporary.

contemporanéité, n.f., contemporaneity, contemporariness.

contempt-eur, -rice, adj., contemptuous, scornful, insolent, disdainful.

contempt-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., contemner, despiser, scorner.

☉contemptible, adj., contemptible, despicable, mean.

contenance (cont-nans), n.f., capacity, capaciousness; contents; countenance, posture, look, air, bearing, attitude, deportment; (nav.) burden. — fière; haughty air. — assurée; bold look. — ridicule; ridiculous carriage. — étudiée; studied deportment. Il n’a point de —; he does not know which way to turn. Perdre —; to be abashed, out of countenance. Faire perdre —; to put out of countenance. Servir de —; to keep one in countenance. Porter quelque chose par —; to carry a thing to keep one’s self in countenance. Un éventail sert de —; a fan keeps one in countenance. Faire bonne —; to keep one’s countenance; to show spirit or resolution. Se donner une —; to keep one’s self in countenance. Ne savoir quelle — prendre; not to know what to do with one’s self.

contenant, n.m., holder, container.

contenant, -e, adj., holding, containing.

contendant, -e, adj., contending. Les parties —es; the contending parties, the candidates.

contendant, n.m., contender.

contenir (con-tnir), v.a., to contain; to comprise; to hold; to include, to comprehend; to confine; to keep in, to keep within, to restrain; to repress; to hold or keep in check or awe, to rule, to bridle; to dam. Les gardes avaient peine à — la foule; the guards could with difficulty keep back the crowd. On ne saurait le —; there is no keeping him within bounds.

se contenir, v.r., to keep within bounds, to be moderate; to abstain from, to refrain from, to forego; to refrain, to forbear; to contain one’s self; to curb one’s passions; to keep one’s temper.

content, -e, adj., content, contented; satisfied, pleased, glad, gratified. Il est — de sa condition; he is contented with his lot. Avoir le visage —; to look pleased. Être —; to be willing, to be satisfied. Être — de quelqu’un; to be pleased with any one. Il est bien — de lui-même; he has a great idea of himself.

content, n.m. Tout son —; one’s fill; all one wants, as much as one likes.

contentement (kon-tant-mān), n.m., content, contentment, satisfaction; comfort, pleasure; blessing. — passe richesse; enough is as good as a feast.

contenter, v.a., to content, to give satisfaction, to satisfy; to please, to gratify, to indulge, to humor. On ne saurait — tout le monde; one cannot please every body.

se contenter, v.r., to indulge or gratify one’s self; to be satisfied with; to content one’s self with, to be content with; to take up with; to rest satisfied with. Je me contente d’une honnête médiocrité; I am satisfied with a moderate competence. Contentez-vous de cela; be content with that.

contentieusement (-si-eûz-mān), adv., contentiously, litigiously.

contentieu-x, -se, adj., litigious, in litigation, in dispute, contestable, contended for; controvertible, disputable; contentious, quarrelsome. Esprit —; quarrelsome fellow.

contentieux, n.m., debatable matters, affairs in litigation; disputed claims. Bureau du —; office for the settlement of disputed claims. Agent du —; solicitor.

contentif, adj.m., (surg.) (bandages) retentive, binding.

contention, n.f., contention, contest, debate, strife; eagerness; vehemence, intenseness, heat; (surg.) keeping reduced (of fractures). — d’esprit; intense application of mind.

contenu, n.m., contents; enclosure; tenor, terms.

conter, v.a., to tell, to relate. — des fagots; to tell idle stories. En —; to romance, to tell fibs. En — de belles, — des sornettes; to tell what is untrue, to hoax, to humbug, to deceive. En — à une femme, lui — des douceurs, lui — fleurettes; to talk soft nonsense to a woman. S’en faire or s’en laisser —; to listen to soft nonsense.

conter, v.n., to relate, to tell a story. Il conte bien; he tells a story well.

conterie, n.f., coarse glass-ware.

contestable, adj., contestable, debatable, controvertible.

contestablement, adj., contestably.

contestant, -e, adj., contending.

contestant, n.m., -e, n.f., contesting party, litigant.

contestation, n.f., contestation, contest, dispute, debate; strife, variance, wrangling, bickering; litigation. En —; at issue; at variance, at odds. Hors de toute —; beyond all contestation, dispute.

☉conteste, n.m., contestation, contest, dispute. Sans —; indisputably. V. sans contredit.

contester, v.a., to contest, to dispute; to deny, to contend, to debate. Il me conteste ma qualité; he calls my rank in question. On lui conteste cette terre; his right to that estate is disputed. Se —; to be contested, to be denied.

conteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., story-teller, tale-teller, one who tells or relates stories or tales, narrator, teller; romancer, fibber.

conteu-r, -se, adj., fond of telling tales.

contexte, n.m., context; text (of a deed).

contexture, n.f., contexture (of the muscles, &c.); texture (of a stuff).

contigu, -ë, adj., contiguous, adjoining. Ces deux provinces sont —ës; these two provinces border on each other. Mon champ est — à la forêt; my field is bounded by the forest.

contiguité, n.f., contiguity.

continence, n.f., continency, chastity.

continent, n.m., continent, mainland.

continent, -e, adj., sober, temperate, chaste, continent; (med.) continent, continuous, unremitting. Fièvre —e; incessant fever.

continental, -e, adj., continental.

contingence, n.f., contingency, casualty.

contingent, n.m., contingent, quota.

contingent, -e, adj., casual, contingent, accidental.

continu, n.m., (philos.) that which is divisible, matter, body, space.

continu, -e, adj., continuous, uninterrupted; continual, continued; unintermitting, incessant. Basse —e; (mus.) thorough-bass.

continuateur, n.m., continuator, continuer.

continuation, n.f., continuation; (jur.) continuance.

☉à la continue, adv., in process of time, in the long run.

continuel, -le, adj., continual, uninterrupted, endless, perpetual.

continuellement (-el-mān), adv., continually, uninterruptedly, constantly; endlessly, perpetually.

continuer, v.a., to continue; to proceed with; to go on with; to persevere; to lengthen, to prolong; to extend.

continuer, v.n., to continue, to keep on, to go on with, to run on to, to extend, to continue the work of. Continuez, je vous prie; pray go on. Continuez à bien faire, et vous vous en trouverez bien; continue to do well, and you will find the benefit of it.

se continuer, v.r., to be continued, to last; to be prolonged.

continuité, n.f., continuity; continuance. Solution de —; solution of continuity.

continument, adv., unremittingly; without cessation; (jur.) continually, continuously.

contondant, -e, adj., (surg.) bruising, contusing; (instruments) blunt.

contorniate, adj., (of medals) contourniated.

contorsion, n.f., contortion, distortion; grimace.

contour, n.m., circuit, circumference; contour, outline; (carp.) curtail; (mas.) quirk.

contourné, -e, adj., outlined; spiral; twisted; distorted; deformed; ill-shaped.

contournement, n.m., outlining; twisting; winding, rounding, convolution.

contourner, v.a., to outline, to give the proper contour to; to distort, to twist, to deform; to twine round, to twist round; to turn around, to wind round; to round.

se contourner, v.r., to grow crooked, to become bent, twisted, deformed.

contourneuse, n.f., shaping-machine.

contractant, -e, adj., contracting. Partie —e; contracting party; (jur.) covenanter.

contractant, n.m., -e, n.f., contractor, stipulator; (jur.) covenanter.

contracté, -e, part., (gram.) contracted, shortened.

contracter, v.a., to contract; to covenant, to stipulate, to bargain, to make a contract; to shrink, to straiten; to shorten, to abridge; to acquire, to get; to catch. — de bonnes habitudes; to acquire good habits.

se contracter, v.r., to contract, to shrink up, to straiten; to shorten.

contracter, v.n., to contract, make a contract.

contracti-f, -ve, adj., (med.) contractive.

contractile, adj., contractile.

contractilité, n.f., contractility, contractibility.

contraction, n.f., contraction.

contractuel, -le, adj., (jur.) stipulated, agreed upon, done by contract.

contracture, n.f., (arch.) diminution; (med.) contraction; (physiology) contraction.

contradicteur, n.m., contradictor, gainsayer; (jur.) adversary, opposer, opponent.

contradiction, n.f., contradiction, denial; opposition; inconsistency; discrepancy; (jur.) claim of adverse title. Esprit de —; spirit of contradiction.

contradictoire, adj., contradictory; inconsistent, conflicting. Jugement —; judgment after the hearing of all parties concerned.

contradictoirement (-toar-mān), adv., contradictorily; inconsistently.

*contraignable, adj., (jur.) compellable, constrainable. — par corps; attachable, liable to arrest.

*contraignant, -e, adj., compelling, compulsive; troublesome.

contraindre (contraignant, contraint), v.a., to constrain, to compel, to force, to make, to drive, to necessitate, to impel, to oblige by force; to put a constraint upon; to restrain; to squeeze, to pinch, to cramp, to straiten; (jur.) to attach, to arrest for debt.

se contraindre, v.r., to constrain oneself, to refrain, to forbear.

contraint, -e, adj., forced, stiff, unnatural, affected; cramped, constrained.

contrainte, n.f., constraint, compulsion, coercion; restraint. Parler sans —; to speak freely. Avec —; restrainedly. — par corps; arrest for debt. Jugement de — par corps; capias.

contraire, adj., contrary, opposite, adverse; repugnant, inconsistent; opposed, against; hurtful, bad, prejudicial, not good for. Le vin vous est —; wine is bad for you.

contraire, n.m., contrary, opposite, reverse. Au —; on the contrary, on the other hand. Tout au —; bien au —; quite the contrary, quite the reverse. Aller au — d’une chose, d’une personne; to go or speak against a thing, a person.

contrairement (kon-trer-mān), adv., contrarily, contrary.

contralte, n.m. V. contralto.

contraltiste, n.m.f., contralto singer.

contralto, n.m., (—) (mus.) contralto, counter-tenor.

contrapontiste, n.m., (mus.) contrapuntist.

contrariant, -e, adj., provoking, annoying, vexatious; disappointing.

contrarier, v.a., to contradict, to gainsay; to disappoint; to thwart, to counteract, to baffle, to oppose, to annoy, to vex. Être contrarié par les vents; to be wind-bound.

contrariété, n.f., contrariety, contradiction; cross, vexation, annoyance, impediment, hindrance, difficulty, obstacle; disappointment. Quelle —! how annoying!

contrastant, adj., contrasting.

contraste, n.m., contrast, opposition.

contraster, v.a., to contrast.

contraster, v.n., (paint.) to contrast; to put in contrast, to form a contrast, to set off by opposition.

contrat, n.m., contract, deed, instrument, articles, indenture; agreement, bargain. Minute d’un —; draft of a deed. Un — en bonne forme; a contract in due form. Dresser un —; to draw up a deed. Passer un —; to sign and seal a deed. — à la grosse; (nav.) bottomry; bottomry-bond.

contravention, n.f., contravention, infraction.

contre, prep., against; contrary to; by, near, close, close by. — le bon sens; contrary to common sense. À —-cœur; repugnantly, reluctantly. Aller — vent et marée; to sail against wind and tide. Se fâcher — quelqu’un; to be angry with anyone. Se battre — quelqu’un; to fight against anyone. Par —; as a set-off. Pour et —; for and against, pro and con.

contre, adv., near, close up against, ajar. Tout —; close by, close up against; quite close, near. Ci-—; opposite; in the margin.

contre, n.m., con (the opposite of pro); against; the opposite side of the question. Savoir le pour et le —; to know the long and short of a matter, or the pro and the con.

contre-allée, n.f., (—-—s) side-walk; side-alley.

contre-amiral, n.m., (—-amiraux) rear-admiral; rear-admiral’s flag-ship.

contre-appel, n.m., (—-—s) (fenc.) caveating; second roll call; check-roll.

contre-approches, n.f.pl., (n.s.) (fort.) counter-approaches.

contre-attaques, n.f.pl., (n.s.) (milit.) counterworks.

contre-balancer, v.a., to counterbalance, to counterpoise; to countervail.

se contre-balancer, v.r., to counterbalance one another, to be counterbalanced, to be equipoised.

contrebande, n.f., contraband goods, smuggled goods; smuggling. Un homme de —; an obnoxious fellow, a black sheep. Faire la —; to smuggle, to deal in smuggled goods.

contre-bandé, -e, adj., (her.) counter-barred.

contrebandier, n.m., smuggler, contrabandist.

contre-barré, -e, adj., (—-—s) (her.) counterbended.

en contre-bas, adv., (arch.) downwards.

contrebasse, n.f., (mus.) double-bass.

contrebassiste, n.m., (mus.) double-bass player.

contre-basson, n.m., (—-—s) (mus.) double bassoon; double bassoon-player.

contre-batterie, n.f., (—-—s) cross-battery, counter-battery; counter-plot.

à contre-biais, adv., contrariwise, the wrong way; the other way.

à contre-bord, adv., (nav.) Les deux vaisseaux courent à —; the two vessels are running aboard of each other; on a contrary tack.

contre-boutant, n.m., (—-—s) counterfort; butment; buttress.

contre-bouter, v.a., to buttress; to support with a raking shore or but; to shore up.

contre-brasser, v.a., (nav.) to brace about the yards; to counterbrace.

contre-calquer, v.a., to counter-draw.

contre-capion, n.m., (—-—s). — de poupe; the false post of a row-galley. — de proue; the stemson of a galley.

contrecarrer, v.a., to thwart, to oppose.

contre-caution, n.f., (jur.) counter-surety; counter-bond.

contre-charme, n.m., (—-—s) counter-charm.

contre-châssis, n.m., (—) outer-sash; double-sash.

contre-chef, n.m., (—-—s) foreman.

contre-civadière, n.f., (—-—s) (nav.) bow-sprit topsail.

contre-clef, n.f., (—-—s) (arch.) second stone in the crown of an arch.

contre-cœur, n.m., (—-—s) chimney-back. À —; reluctantly, against the grain.

contre-coup, n.m., (—-—s) rebound; counter-blow; consequence, result, effect. Par —; as a consequence.

contre-courant, n.m., (—-—s) counter-current.

contredanse, n.f., quadrille.

contre-déclaration, n.f., (—-—s) counter-declaration.

contre-dégagement, n.m., (—-—s) (fenc.) double.

contre-dégager, v.n.a., (fenc.) to double.

contre-digue, n.f., (—-—s) embankment, dike (for the strengthening of another).

contredire, v.a., to contradict, to gainsay; to be inconsistent with; (jur.) to confute, to disprove, to answer; (hunt.) to reclaim.

se contredire, v.r., to contradict oneself, to contradict one another; to be inconsistent with, to be contradictory to.

contredisant, -e, adj., contradicting.

contredisant, n.m., respondent, contradictor.

contredit, n.m., answer, reply, contradiction; (jur.) objection, rejoinder. Cela est sans —; that is beyond all dispute. Sans —; incontestably, safely, beyond a doubt. On peut dire sans crainte d’être —; it may safely be pronounced (Macaulay).

contrée, n.f., country, region, district.

*contre-écaille, n.f., (—-—s) the reverse side of a shell.

contre-écart, n.m., (—-—s) (her.) counter-quarter.

contre-écarteler, v.a., (her.) to counter-quarter.

contre-échange, n.m., (—-—s) mutual exchange.

contre-enquête, n.f., (—-—s) counter-inquiry.

contre-épaulette, n.f., (—-—s) epaulet without fringe.

contre-épreuve, n.f., (—-—s) counter-proof; spiritless copy, feeble imitation; counter-verification.

contre-épreuver, v.a., (engr.) to take a counter-proof. Se —; to be counter-proved.

contre-espalier, n.m., (—-—s) espalier facing another (with a walk between).

contre-expertise, n.f., (—-—s) counter-valuation or survey.

contre-étais, n.m.pl., (nav.) back-stay.

contre-étambot, n.m., (nav.) false stern-post.

contre-étrave, n.f., (—-—s) (nav.) apron.

contrefaçon, n.f., counterfeiting, counterfeit, pirating, forgery, infringement; spurious copy or edition.

contrefacteur, n.m., counterfeiter (of coin); forger (of bills); infringer (of patents).

contrefaction, n.f., act of forging, counterfeiting, forgery.

contrefaire, v.a., to counterfeit, to imitate, to copy; to mimic, to ape; to pirate; to disguise, to disfigure; to deform.

se contrefaire, v.r., to dissemble, to sham.

contrefaiseur, n.m., mimicker, imitator.

contrefait, -e, part., counterfeit, deformed. Un homme tout —; a deformed man.

contre-fanon, n.m., (—-—s) (nav.) vertical lines.

contre-fenêtre, n.f., (—-—s) inside-sash, shutter.

contre-fente, n.f., (—-—s) (surg.) contra-fissure, counter-cleft.

contre-feu, n.m., back of a fire-place.

contre-fiche, n.f., (—-—s) (carp.) brace, strut.

contre-fil, n.m., (n.p.) the opposite direction. Le — de l’eau; up river, up stream. À —; backwards; against the stream; against the grain; the wrong way.

contre-finesse, n.f., (—-—s) counter-trick; counter-cunning; trick for trick.

contre-foc, n.m., (—-—s) fore-top stay-sail.

contrefort, n.m., counterfort, buttress, pillar, pier; (geol.) lesser chain; stiffener (of boots).

contre-fossé, n.m., (—-—s) counter-drain; (fort.) advance-fosse.

contre-fracture, n.f., (—-—s) (surg.) contra-fissure.

contre-fruit, n.m., (—-—s) (arch.) overspan.

contre-fugue, n.f., (mus.) counterfugue.

contre-gage, n.m., (—-—s) double security, pledge.

contre-gager, v.a., to take security, to take a pledge.

contre-garde, n.f., (—-—s) counterguard.

☉contre-garde, n.m., (—-—s) deputy warden of the mint.

contre-hacher, v.a., (engr.) to counter- or cross-hatch.

contre-hachure, n.f., (—-—s) counter- or cross-hatching.

contre-hâtier (-tié), n.m., (—-—s) kitchen fire-dog, spit-rack.

en contre-haut, adv., (arch.) upwards.

contre-indication, n.f., (—-—s) (med.) contra-indication.

contre-indiquer, v.a., (med.) to contra-indicate.

contre-issant, -e, adj., (—-—s) (her.) counter-salient.

contre-jauger, v.a., (carp.) to fit a mortise to a tenon, to countergauge.

contre-jour, n.m., (—-—s) counter-light, false-light. À —; in a false light.

contre-jumelles, n.f.pl., (n.s.) channel stones.

contre-lames, n.f.pl., (n.s.) (gauze-making) counter-lams.

contre-latte, n.f., (—-—s) counter-lath.

contre-latter, v.a., to counter-lath.

contre-lattoir, n.m., (—-—s) lath-holder, clincher.

contre-lettre, n.f., (—-—s) (jur.) defeasance, counter-deed.

*contre-maille, n.f., (—-—s) double-mesh net.

*contre-mailler, v.a., to double-mesh.

contremaître, n.m., first mate, boatswain’s mate; overseer; foreman.

contremandement, n.m., counter-order, countermand.

contremander, v.a., to countermand.

contremarche, n.f., counter-march; (carp.) rise.

contremarcher, v.n., to counter-march.

contre-marée, n.f., (—-—s) under back-water or counter-tide.

contremarque, n.f., countermark; check (thea.)

contremarquer, n.f., to countermark; to bishop.

contre-mine, n.f., (—-—s) countermine.

contre-miner, v.a., to countermine.

contre-mineur, n.m., (—-—s) counterminer.

☉contre-mont, adv., upwards; up-hill; up-stream.

contre-mot, n.m., (—-—s) (milit.) countersign.

contre-mouvement, n.m., (—-—s) counter-movement.

contre-mur, n.m., (—-—s) (fort.) counter-mure, outer wall.

contre-murer, v.a., (fort.) to countermure, to double-wall.

contre-opposition, n.f., (—-—s) counter-opposition.

contre-ordre, n.m., (—-—s) counter-order.

contre-ouverture, n.f., (—-—s) counter-opening.

contre-partie, n.f., (—-—s) counterpart; opposite; contrary; (mus.) counterpart.

contrepédaler, v.n., to back-pedal (bicycles).

contre-peser, v.a., to counter-balance.

contre-pied, n.m., (n.p.) (hunt.) back-scent; the reverse. Les chiens avaient pris le —; the dogs had taken the wrong back-scent. Il prend toujours le — de ce qu’on dit; he always misconstrues what is said. À — de; contrary to, against.

contre-planche, n.f., (—-—s) counter-plate.

contre-platine, n.f., (—-—s) screw-piece.

contre-poids, n.m., (—) counterpoise, counter-balance; balancing-pole; equilibrium.

contre-poil, n.m., (n.p.) wrong way of the hair or of the nap. À —; against the grain. Prendre une affaire à —; to take a thing in a wrong sense. Prendre quelqu’un à —; to shock, to offend, any one.

contre-poinçon, n.m., (—-—s) clincher, die (instrument).

contre-poinçonner, v.a., to stamp with a die.

contrepoint, n.m. (mus.), counterpoint; (nav.) double-rope attached to the clew of a sail.

contre-pointer, v.a., to quilt on both sides; to contradict, to run counter to; (artil.) to point cannon against cannon. — du canon; to direct a battery against another battery.

contrepoison, n.m., antidote, counter-poison.

contre-porte, n.f., (—-—s) double-door, baize-door.

contre-poser, v.a., (com.) to set down wrong, to misplace.

contre-position, n.f., (—-—s) contra-position.

contre-projet, n.m., (—-—s) counter-plan.

contre-promesse, n.f., (—-—s) (jur.) counter-bond.

contre-proposition, n.f., (—-—s) counter-proposal; reply, retort.

contre-queue d’aronde, n.f., (—-—s) (fort.) counter-swallowtail.

*contre-quille, n.f., (—-—s) (nav.) keelson.

contre-rail, n.m., (—-—s) guard- or check-rail.

contre-retable, n.m., (—-—s) back of the altar-piece.

contre-révolution, n.f., (—-—s) counter-revolution.

contre-révolutionnaire, adj., (—-—s) counter-revolutionary.

contre-révolutionnaire, n.m., (—-—s) counter-revolutionist.

contre-révolutionner, v.a., to effect a counter-revolution.

contre-ronde, n.f., (—-—s) (milit.) counter round.

contre-ruse, n.f., (—-—s) counter-trick, counter-plot.

contre-sabord, n.m., (—-—s) (nav.) port-lid.

à contre-saison, adv., out of season; unseasonable; ill-timed.

contre-salut, n.m., (—-—s) (nav.) answer to a salute.

contre-sanglon, n.m., (—-—s) girth-leather, strap.

contrescarpe, n.f., (fort.) counterscarp.

contrescarper, v.a., to counterscarp.

contre-scel, n.m., (—-—s) counter-seal.

contre-sceller, v.a., to counter-seal.

contreseing, n.m., counter-signature, counter-sign.

contresens, n.m., contrary sense, contrary meaning; wrong construction; mistranslation; wrong meaning; false reading; wrong side (of stuffs). Faire un —; to mistranslate, to misinterpret, to misconceive. À —; in a wrong way, on the wrong side. Employer une étoffe à —; to make up a stuff on the wrong side.

*contre-signal, n.m., (—-signaux) counter-signal.

*contresignataire, n.m., countersigner.

*contresigner, v.a., to countersign.

*contre-taille, n.f., (—-—s) (com.) counter-tally. pl., (engr.) cross-lines, cross-cut.

contretemps, n.m., untoward accident, disappointment; mischance, mishap; (man.) counter-time; (mus.) syncopation, À —; unseasonably, at the wrong time; (mus.) out of time; with syncopation.

contre-terrasse, n.f., (—-—s) (her.) lower terrace.

contre-tirer, v.a., to counterdraw, to trace; to counterprove.

contre-torpilleur, n.m., torpedo boat destroyer.

contre-tranchée, n.f., (—-—s) (fort.) counter-trench.

contrevairé, -e, adj., (her.) countervairy.

à contre-val, adv., downhill, downward, down-stream.

contrevallation, n.f., (fort.) contravallation.

à contre-vapeur, adv., backward; back.

contrevenant, n.m., -e, n.f., contravener, infringer, offender, transgressor.

contrevenir, v.n., to infringe, to act contrary to; to disobey; to violate; to transgress.

contrevent, n.m., window-shutter, outside shutter.

contre-vérité, n.f., (—-—s) irony; mock praise, antiphrasis.

contre-visite, n.f., (—-—s) second search.

contre-voile d’étai, n.f., (nav.) middle stay-sail.

contribuable, n.m.f., tax-payer; rate-payer. adj., taxable; rateable.

contribuer, v.n., to contribute, to conduce, to help on, to tend. — au succès de; to contribute to the success of. Il y a contribué; he has contributed to it. On a fait — tout le pays; the whole country was laid under contribution.

contributi-f, -ve, adj., contributive.

contribution, n.f., contribution; tax; share, part, portion; (com.) average. —s directes; direct or assessed taxes. —s indirectes; indirect taxes. Mettre à —; to lay under contribution, to put in requisition.

contributoire, adj., what has to be paid. Portion —; amount to be paid, assessment.

contributoirement, adv., contributorily.

contrister, v.a., to grieve, to vex, to sadden, to pain.

contrit, -e, adj., contrite, penitent; afflicted, grieved.

contrition, n.f., contrition.

contrôlage, n.m., controlling, control; hall-marking, stamping.

contrôle, n.m., control, controller’s office; (thea.) check-taker’s office; roll, list; stamp, plate-mark, assay-mark, hall-mark (on gold and silver); stamp-office; (milit.) muster-roll; control, censure; register, registry-duty. Porter quelqu’un sur le —; to place any one’s name on the rolls. Rayer quelqu’un des —s; to strike any one off the rolls.

contrôler, v.a., to register, to put upon the rolls; to check, to verify, to examine; to control; to censure, to criticise upon; to stamp, to hall-mark. — de la vaisselle; to mark plate.

contrôleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., controller, superintendent, surveyor (of taxes); censurer, critic, fault-finder; (thea.) check-taker, ticket-collector.

controuver, v.a., to forge, to fabricate; to invent, to counterfeit, to feign.

controversable, adj., that may be disputed; controvertible, controversial.

controverse, n.f., controversy, discussion, disputation, dispute. Ouvrage de —; polemics.

controversé, -e, adj., controverted; debated, argued pro and con, disputed.

controverser, v.a., to controvert, to dispute, to discuss.

controversiste, n.m., controvertist, disputant, controversialist.

contumace, n.f., contumacy, non-appearance, default, contempt of court; contumaciousness, obstinacy, perverseness. Condamner par —; to sentence by default. Purger la —; to plead against a judgment given in default.

contumace, n.m. and f., (jur.) defaulter, one in contumacy.

contumace, adj., contumacious; (fig.) rebellious.

contumacer, v.a., (l.u.) (criminal law) to judge or try by default. Se laisser —; to let judgment go by default.

contumax, adj., (l.u.) contumacious.

contumax, n.m., one guilty of contumacy (canon law).

contus, -e, adj. bruised, contused.

contusion, n.f., contusion, bruise.

contusionné, -e, adj., (surg.) bruised.

contusionner, v.a., to contuse, to bruise.

convaincant, -e, adj., convincing.

convaincre, v.a., to convince; to persuade, to satisfy; to convict.

se convaincre, v.r., to convince one’s self, to be convinced; to satisfy, or to persuade one’s self.

convaincu, -e, part., convinced, convicted; sincere, earnest, of conviction.

convalescence, n.f., convalescence. En pleine —; quite convalescent.

convalescent, -e, adj., convalescent.

convalescent, n.m., -e, n.f., convalescent person.

convallaire, n.f., convallary, lily of the valley. V. muguet.

convenable (conv-nabl), adj., suitable, fit, proper, convenient, apposite, consonant; seasonable; adequate, conformable, accordant, agreeable; meet, seemly, becoming, beseeming; befitting, expedient; fitting. Peu —; indecorous, unfit. Juger —; to deem proper.

convenablement, adv., suitably, fitly, becomingly, decently, worthily, duly, expediently, advisably.

convenance, n.f., fitness, proportion, harmony; seasonableness (of time), decency, propriety, expediency; seemliness, convenience. pl., propriety, decorum, good manners. Mariage de —; marriage for money and position. Blesser les —s; to offend against propriety. Braver les —s; to set all decorum at defiance. Manquer de — envers quelqu’un; to be guilty of a breach of good manners towards any one.

☉convenant, -e, adj. V. convenable.

convenir, v.n., to agree; to admit, to own, to acknowledge; to suit, to fit, to match, to serve one’s turn; to be proper for; to become; to be suitable; to be fit, expedient, convenient, meet, proper. Je suis convenu d’y aller; I have agreed to go there. Cette maison m’a convenu; the house suited me. Il convient que vous y alliez; it is proper you should go there.

se convenir, v.r., to suit each other, to agree.

conventicule, n.m., conventicle.

convention, n.f., convention, agreement, covenant, treaty. pl., conditions, articles, agreement. Je m’en tiens à la —; I stand by the agreement. Membre de la — nationale; member of the National Convention (French hist.). De —; conventional.

conventionnel, -le, adj., conventional.

conventionnel, n.m., member of the National Convention (French hist.).

conventionnellement, adv., by agreement.

conventualité, n.f., monastic life.

conventuel, -le, adj., conventual.

conventuel, n.m., conventual.

conventuellement, adv., conventually.

convergence, n.f., convergence.

convergent, -e, adj., convergent, converging.

converger, v.n., to tend to one point, to converge.

convers, -e, adj., lay. Frère —, sœur —e; convert; lay brother or sister.

convers, n.m., (ich.) young shad.

conversation, n.f., conversation, converse, talk, discourse. Par où entamer la —? how shall we begin the conversation? S’emparer de la —; to monopolize the conversation. Être à la —; to be attending to the conversation. Laisser tomber la —; to drop the conversation.

converse, n. and adj. f., (log.) converse; (math.) inverted. Proposition —; (log.) converse proposition. Proposition —; (math.) inverted proposition.

converser, v.n., to converse, to talk; to discourse, to commune; (milit.) to wheel about.

conversible, adj., convertible.

conversion, n.f., conversion; transformation; change; converting, changing; (milit.) wheeling. Quart de —; (milit.) wheel of the quarter circle. Faire une —; to wheel.

converso, n.m., (nav.) main deck, poop.

converti, n.m., -e, n.f., convert. — au lit de la mort; clinical convert.

convertible, adj., (theol., fin.) convertible.

convertir, v.a., to convert; to change, to turn; to make a convert; to bring over, to turn, to transform.

se convertir, v.r., to be converted, to turn, to be made a convert.

convertissable, adj., (fin., theol.) convertible.

convertissement (-mān), n.m., conversion.

convertisseur, n.m., converter.

convexe, adj., convex.

convexité, n.f., convexity.

convexo-concave, adj., convexo-concave.

convexo-convexe, adj., convexo-convex.

conviction, n.f., conviction, convincing proof. Agir par —; to act from conviction. Avoir la — intime; to be thoroughly convinced; to be quite sure.

convictionnel, -le, adj., convictive.

convictionnellement, adv., (l.u.) convictively.

convié, n.m., -e, n.f., guest, one invited.

il convient, v.imp., it is fit, expedient, convenient, becoming, meet. V. convenir.

convier, v.a., to invite, to bid; to request the company of any one; to incite, to urge. — à un dîner; to invite to dinner.

convive, n.m.f., guest. C’est un bon —; he is a good table companion.

convivialité, n.f., conviviality.

convocable, adj., (very l.u.) convocable.

convocation, n.f., convocation, requisition, summons.

convoi, n.m., funeral procession; funeral; (milit., nav.) convoy; (railways) train. V. train. — de grande vitesse; fast train. — de petite vitesse, — de marchandises; freight train. — direct; express train. — omnibus; slow train. — de voyageurs; passenger train. — parcourant toute la ligne; through train. — funèbre; funeral procession. Être du —; to be at the funeral. En —; (nav.) with convoy.

convoiement, n.m., (milit., nav.) convoying, convoy.

☉convoitable, adj., covetable, desirable.

convoiter, v.a., to covet, to hanker after, to conceive a violent passion for, to lust after.

convoiteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., coveter.

☉convoiteu-x, -se, adj., covetous, lusting after.

convoitise, n.f., covetousness, eager desire; lust.

convol, n.m., (jur.) second or re-marriage.

convoler, v.n., to marry again. — en secondes, troisièmes, noces; to marry a second, a third, time.

convoluté, -e, adj., (bot.) convoluted.

convoluti-f, -ve, adj., curling (of leaves).

convolve, n.m., (bot.) convolvulus.

convoquer, v.a., to convoke, to convene, to summon, to assemble, to call together.

convoyer, v.a., (milit., nav.) to convoy.

convoyeur, n. and adj. m., (nav.) convoy (ship).

convulsé, -e, adj., (med.) convulsed.

convulser, v.a., to convulse. Se —; to be or become convulsed.

convulsibilité, n.f., (med.) liability to convulsion.

convulsi-f, -ve, adj., convulsive.

convulsion, n.f., convulsion. Donner des —s; to throw into convulsions. Tomber en —s; to be seized with convulsions.

convulsionnaire, adj., subject to convulsions.

convulsionnaire, n.m.f., convulsionary.

convulsionner, v.a., (med.) to convulse, to produce convulsions.

convulsivement, adv., convulsively.

conyze, n.f., (bot.) conyza, flea-bane.

coobligation, n.f., joint obligation.

coobligé, n.m., joint bondsman.

coopérant, -e, adj., co-operating, concurring.

coopérat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., co-operator, fellow-laborer, fellow-workman.

coopérat-eur, -rice, adj., (l.u.) co-operating.

coopérati-f, -ve, adj., co-operative.

coopération, n.f., concurrence, co-operation.

coopérer, v.n., to co-operate, to concur.

cooptation, n.f., co-optation.

coopter, v.a., to co-optate.

coordination, n.f., arrangement, disposition, co-ordination.

coordonnée, n.f., (geom.) co-ordinate.

coordonner, v.a., to co-ordinate; to arrange, to dispose.

copahu, n.m., copaiba, copaiva.

copaïer or copayer, n.m., copaiba tree.

copal, n.m., copal.

copartageant, -e (-jān, -te), n. and adj., joint-sharer; having a joint share.

copeau, n.m., chip, shaving (of wood). Des —x; shavings. Vin de —x; rape-wine.

copeck, n.m., (—s). V. kopeck.

copermutant, n.m., one who exchanges with another, permuter.

copermutation, n.f., the act of exchanging, permutation.

copermuter, v.a., to permute, to exchange.

copernicien, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., Copernician.

cophte or copte, n.m. and adj., Copt; Coptic. Un moine —; a Coptic monk. La langue —; the Coptic language.

copie, n.f., copy, image, transcript; exercise; imitation; task; (print.) copy. — figurée; facsimile. — au net; fair copy. Pour — conforme; a true copy.

copier, v.a., to copy; to imitate; to mimic, to take off, to ape.

se copier, v.r., to be always the same; to copy or repeat one’s self.

copieusement (ko-pieûz-mān), adv., copiously, abundantly, heartily (of eating).

copieu-x, -se, adj., copious, plentiful, hearty. Un homme — en paroles; a man of many words.

copiste, n.m., copier, transcriber, copyist, imitator; music copier.

copreneur, n.m., co-lessee, joint-tenant.

coprévenu, n.m. V. coaccusé.

copropriétaire, n.m.f., joint-proprietor.

copropriété, n.f., joint property.

copte, n.m. V. cophte.

copter, v.a., to toll.

coptique, adj., Coptic.

copulati-f, -ve, adj., copulative.

copulation, n.f., copulation.

copule, n.f., (log.) copula.

coq, n.m., cock, rooster; weathercock; (horl.) cock. — d’Inde; turkey-cock. — de bruyère; grouse. — à queue fourchue; black cock. — de combat; game-cock. — des bois; wood-cock. — de montre; cock of a watch. — des jardins; costmary. — du village, — de la paroisse; cock of the walk. Joute de —s; cock-fight. Faire jouter des —s; to make cocks fight. Au chant du —; at cock-crow. Être comme un — en pâte; to live in clover. Être rouge comme un —; to have a face like a biffin apple; to be as red as a turkey-cock.

coq, n.m., (nav.) cook.

coq-à-l’âne, n.m., (—) idle discourse, nonsense, cock-and-bull story. Il fait toujours des —; he is always talking nonsense.

coqualin, n.m., striped squirrel.

coquard, n.m., mongrel pheasant; (fam.) old cock, old beau.

coquâtre, n.m., (orni.) half-gelded cock.

coque, n.f., shell (of eggs, walnuts, snails); pearl-shell; (nav.) hull; (conch.) cockle. Des œufs à la —; boiled eggs. — du Levant; Indian berry. Je ne donnerai pas une — de noix de toutes ses promesses; I would not give a straw for all his promises.

coquecigrue, n.f., sea-stork, sea-locust; idle story, stuff; fiddle-faddle. À la venue des —s; never, or once in a blue moon.

coquelicot, n.m., wild-poppy, corn-poppy.

coquelourde, n.f., Pasque-flower, Flora’s-bell.

coqueluche (ko-klush), n.f., ☉hood; favorite, reigning fancy; rage, whooping-cough. Il est est la — des femmes; he is a great favorite with women.

☉coquelucher, v.n., to have the whooping-cough.

☉coqueluchon, n.m., (jest.) hood of a monk’s cloak, cowl.

coquemar (kok-mār), n.m., pipkin, boiler, kettle, skillet.

coquereau, n.m., (nav.) hoy, lighter.

coqueret, n.m., or coquerelle, n.f., winter-cherry.

coquerico, n.m., cock-a-doodle-doo.

coquerie, n.f., (nav.) caboose.

coqueriquer, v.n., (l.u.) (pers.) to crow.

coqueron, n.m., (nav.) cook-room.

coquet, -te, adj., coquettish, pretty, stylish; smart, natty.

coquet, n.m., jilt, flirt; cock-boat.

coqueter (kok-té), v.n., (l.u.) to coquet, to flirt; to play the lady-killer; to paddle a boat, to scull.

coquetier (kok-tié), n.m., poulterer; egg-merchant; egg-cup.

coquette, n.f., coquette, flirt, jilt. Faire la —; to coquet.

coquetterie (ko-kè-trî), n.f., coquetry; affectation (in dress); love of dress; flirtation; finicalness. Une — d’expressions; far-fetched expressions.

*coquillage, n.m., shell-fish; shells; shell-work.

*coquillart, n.m., bed of shells and stones.

*coquille, n.f., shell (of fruit, of animals); (print.) wrong letter; thumb (of a latch); foot-board (of coach-box); post demy, small post (paper); under-part of a staircase; (anat.) concha. pl., wares of little value. — de Sainte Jacques; scallop. — de beurre; pat of butter. Rentrer dans sa —; to draw in one’s horns. À qui vendez-vous vos —s; it is of no use trying to do me. Il fait bien valoir ses —s; he praises his goods, and no mistake.

coquiller, v.n., (of bread) to swell; to crumple, to curl up.

*coquilleu-x, -se, adj., shelly.

*coquillier, n.m., collection of shells; cabinet of shells.

*coquilli-er, -ère, adj., conchiferous.

coquin, -e, adj., idle, debauched; free and easy; roguish, rascally.

coquin, n.m., knave, rascal, rogue, scamp. Tour de —; knavish trick.

coquine, n.f., slut, hussy, jade.

coquinerie (ko-ki-n-rî), n.f., knavery, rascally trick, roguery.

cor, n.m., corn; horn, hunting-horn. Avoir des —s aux pieds; to have corns on one’s feet. À — et à cri; with horn and voice; with hue and cry; with might and main.

coracoïde, adj., (anat.) coracoid.

*corail, n.m., coral. Des lèvres de —; rosy lips.

*coraillère, n.f., (nav.) coral-fishing boat.

*corailleur, n.m., coral-diver, coral-fisher.

*corailleur, adj., of coral fishing. Bateau —; coral-fisher’s boat.

☉corallin, -e, adj., red like coral, coralline.

coralline, n.f., (zoöl.) coralline; (nav.) V. coraillère.

coralloïde, adj., coralloid.

coralloïde, n.m., coralloid.

coran, n.m., Koran.

corbeau, n.m., crow; raven; (arch.) corbel, bracket; (astron.) corvus; (nav.) grappling-iron.

*corbeille, n.f., flat, wide basket; (arch.) corbel; (fort.) corbeil; clump (of trees); wedding presents. Une — de fleurs; a basket of flowers. — de mariage or de noces; wedding presents; (on change) reserved enclosure, change.

*corbeillée, n.f., basketful.

corbigeau, n.m. ☉V. courlis.

corbillard, n.m., hearse.

*corbillat, n.m., young raven.

*corbillon, n.m., small basket; crambo.

☉corbin, n.m., (orni.) crow. V. bec-de-corbin.

corbine, n.f., (orni.) carrion-crow.

corbleu! int. By the Powers! Zounds! By Jove! Hang it!

corbusée, n.f., (orni.) black-neb.

corcelet, n.m. V. corselet.

corceron, n.m., (pisc.) float.

cordage, n.m., cordage, cord, rope, rigging; the measuring of wood by the cord. — en trois; rope made with three strands. — de rechange; spare ropes.

cordat, n.m., packing-cloth.

corde, n.f., cord, rope; line; twist, twine, string; (mus.) chord; tone, note; concord; span (of an arch); laniard (of buoys); thread (of cloth); hanging (death by); gallows. — à danser; dancing-rope. Danseur de —; rope-dancer. — à boyau; cat-gut. Echelle de —; rope-ladder. Une — de bois; a cord of wood. Ne touchez point cette — là; do not harp upon that string. Toucher la grosse —; to hit the main point of the question. Instrument à —s; stringed instrument. — de violon; fiddle-string. Flatter la —; to play with delicacy. Avoir deux —s à son arc; to have two strings to one’s bow. Son habit montre la —; his coat is threadbare. Cela est usé jusqu’à la —; that is thoroughly hackneyed. Friser la —; narrowly to escape hanging. Il y va de la —; it is a hanging matter. Filer sa —; to go the way of the gallows. Avoir de la — de pendu; to have the devil’s own luck. Tenir la —; to lead. Passer à fleur de —; to only just succeed (of a thing). Être au bout de sa —; to be at the end of one’s tether.

cordé, -e, part., twisted, corded.

cordé, -e, adj., (bot.) cordated, heart-shaped.

cordeau, n.m., line, cord. Au —; in a straight line.

cordeler, v.a., to twist, to twine; to wreathe.

cordelette, n.f., small cord; string.

cordelier, n.m., cordelier; Franciscan friar; gray-friar.

cordelière, n.f., Franciscan nun; cordelier’s girdle; (arch.) twisted fillet.

cordelle, n.f., (nav.) tow-line, tow-rope.

corder, v.a., to cord; to bind with a cord. v.n., (pop.) to cotton; to agree. — du bois; to measure wood by the cord.

se corder, v.r., to be corded; to get stringy.

corderie, n.f., rope-walk, rope-yard; rope-making; (nav.) boatswain’s store-room.

cordial, -e, adj., cordial, hearty, sincere.

cordial, n.m., cordial.

cordialement (kor-dial-mān), adv., cordially, heartily, sincerely.

cordialité, n.f., cordiality; heartiness; hearty affection.

cordier, n.m., rope-maker; (of violins) tail-piece.

cordiforme, adj., cordiform, heart-shaped.

cordon, n.m., twist, string; check-string (of carriages); cord; fillet, thread, ribbon; order; girdle; plinth, edging of stone; (milit., fort., arch.) cordon; (anat.) funis; edge (of coins); door-rope. — ombilical; umbilical cord. — de chapeau; hat-band. — de sonnette; bell pull. Un — bleu; a knight of the Holy Ghost. — bleu; blue-ribbon; a first-rate cook. Un — rouge; a knight of the order of St. Louis. Tirer le —; to pull the string; to be a house-porter. Le —, s’il vous plaît; open the door, please.

cordonnage, n.m., (coin) milling; edging.

cordonner, v.a., to twist, to twine; to braid; (of coins) to line, to mill, to edge.

cordonnerie, n.f., shoemaking, the trade of a shoemaker; shoe-place.

cordonnet, n.m., twist; edging, milling (of coins — de pièces de monnaie).

cordonnier, n.m., cordwainer; shoemaker. — pour femmes; ladies’ shoemaker.

corée, n.m., (poet.) choreus, trochee. V. chorée.

corégence, n.f., co-regency.

corégent, n.m., -e, n.f., co-regent.

coreligionnaire, n.m.f., co-religionist.

coriace, adj., tough, ropy, leathery, stringy; cartilaginous; niggardly. Un homme —; a close-fisted fellow.

coriacé, -e, adj., coriaceous.

coriaire, adj., fit for tanning. n.f. (bot.) V. corroyère.

coriambe, n.m., (poet.) choriambus.

coriandre, n.f., (bot.) coriander.

corindon, n.m., (min.) corundum, adamantine spar.

corinthien, -ne (-in, -e-n), adj., Corinthian.

corinthien, n.m., -ne, n.f., Corinthian.

coris, n.m. V. cauris.

corlieu, corlis, n.m., curlew.

corme, n.f., (bot.) service or sorb-apple.

cormier, n.m., (bot.) service-tree.

cormoran, n.m., sea-raven, cormorant.

cornac, n.m., elephant driver, cornac; showman; chaperon, mentor.

cornage, n.m., (vet.) roaring (of horses).

cornaline, n.f., cornelian stone.

cornard, adj., (pop., l.ex.) roaring (of horses).

cornard, n.m., (pop., l.ex.) cornuto, cuckold.

cornardise, n.f., (pop., l.ex.) cuckoldom.

corne, n.f., horn, hoof; corner; shoe-horn; dog’s ear (on books, leaves); (nav.) gaff, throat; outside rind (of animals’ feet); cap of the Doge of Venice. Bête à —s; horned beast. Essence de — de cerf; spirits of hartshorn. Faire les —s à quelqu’un; to snap one’s fingers at any one. Montrer les —s; to show one’s teeth. Lever les cornes; to hold up one’s head again. Les —s d’un bonnet carré; the corners of a square cap. Chapeau à trois —s; three-cornered hat. Les —s de la lune; the horns of the moon. Les —s de l’autel; the horns of the altar. — d’abondance; cornucopia, horn of plenty. Faire une — à une carte de visite; to turn down the corner of a visiting-card. Faire des —s à un livre; to dog’s-ear a book.

corné, -e, adj., corneous, horny.

corneau, n.m., (hunt.) cross between a mastiff and a hound.

cornée, n.f., (anat.) cornea.

cornéenne, n.f., horn-stone.

*corneille, n.f., carrion-crow, rook, daw. — emmantelée; hooded-rook. Bayer aux —s; to stare about vacantly. Il y va comme une — qui abat des noix; he goes at it tooth and nail, or rashly, slapdash, headlong.

cornement, n.m., tingling of the ears.

cornemuse, n.f., bagpipe. Joueur de —; bag-piper.

cornéole, n.f., (bot.) dyer’s weed.

corner, v.n., to blow, to wind or sound a horn; to gore; (man.) to wheeze; to tingle (of the ears); to be tainted (of meat). Les oreilles me cornent; my ears tingle.

corner, v.a., to blare out, to blurt out, to trumpet. Il a corné cela par toute la ville; he has trumpeted it through the whole town. — quelque chose aux oreilles de quelqu’un; to din a thing into any one’s ears.

cornet, n.m., horn, ear-trumpet; ink-horn; dice-box; paper cone; (conch.) cornet. — de postillon; post-boy’s horn. — à bouquin; cow-herd’s horn. — à piston; cornet.

cornette, n.f., head-dress, cornet, mob-cap; cornetcy; (nav.) broad pennant.

☉cornette, n.m., (milit.) cornet.

corneur, n.m., horn-blower.

corneur, adj., (vet.) wheezing, roaring.

corniche, n.f., (arch.) cornice.

cornichon, n.m., little horn; gherkin; (fig. and fam.) greenhorn, ninny, flat, muff.

cornicule, n.f., small horn, cornicle.

corniculé, -e, adj., corniculate, horned.

corni-er, -ère, adj., corner; at the angle. Pilastre —; corner-column.

cornière, n.f., corner gutter; (print.) corner iron; T iron; (nav.) fashion-piece.

cornifle, n.m., (bot.) horn-wort.

*cornillas, n.m., young rook.

corniste, n.m., cornist, player upon the horn.

*cornouille, n.f., dogberry.

*cornouiller, n.m., dogberry-tree, cornel-tree.

cornu, -e, adj., horned; angular, cornered; (fig.) extravagant, absurd.

cornue, n.f., (chem.) retort.

corollaire, n.m., corollary.

corolle, n.f., (bot.) corol, corolla.

corollifère, adj., corollated, bearing a corolla.

coronaire, adj., (anat.) coronary.

coronal, -e, adj., (anat.) coronal.

coronal, n.m., (anat.) coronal.

coroner (-nèr), n.m., (—s) coroner.

*coronille, n.f., (bot.) coronilla.

coronoïde, adj., (anat.) coronoid.

coronope, n.m., (bot.) wart-cress. — de ruelle; crow’s-foot.

corossol, n.m., (bot.) custard-apple. — des marais; cork-wood.

corossolier, n.m., (bot.) anona, custard-apple tree.

corporal, n.m., (c.rel.) corporal, communion cloth.

corporalité, n.f., corporality.

corporation, n.f., corporation, corporate body.

corporéité, n.f., corporeity.

corporel, -le, adj., corporal, corporeal, bodily.

corporellement (-mān), adv., corporally, bodily.

corporifier, v.a., to embody, to form into a body.

corps (kor), n.m., body; person; fellow; creature; substance, thickness, consistence; company, society, commonalty, college; main point; barrel (of pumps); caudex (of roots); (of wine, of writing, of sovereigns, of musical instruments, of wearing apparel) body; corps, set of men; (print.) depth, body, of a letter; shell (of a house, a pulley). — mort; dead body. — morts; (nav.) moorings. — glorieux; glorified body. Un drôle de —; a queer fellow, a queer fish. Se tuer le — et l’âme; to work one’s self to death. Répondre — pour —; to be answerable for a person. Faire — neuf; to take a new lease of life. Il fait bon marché de son —; he makes himself very cheap; he exposes himself unnecessarily to danger. Il faut voir ce que cet homme a dans le —; we must see what stuff this man is made of. Enlever un homme comme un — saint; (prov.) to kidnap a man. Gagner son pain à la sueur de son —; to earn one’s bread by the sweat of one’s brow. Tomber rudement sur le — à quelqu’un; to speak in offensive terms of any one. Être séparés — et biens; to be separated (mensâ et thoro). C’est un pauvre —; he is a poor weak fellow. C’est un — de fer que cet homme; that man is made of iron. Passer son épée au travers du — à quelqu’un; to run any one through the body. Il a le diable au —; he is a devil of a fellow. — de bâtiment; main building. — de logis; detached building. — de cheminée; chimney-stack. Le — du délit; substance, main proof, of an offense (corpus delicti). Un vin qui a du —; a full-bodied wine. Prendre du —; to grow stout, fat. Le — du clergé; the body of the clergy. Les — de métiers; the trades’ companies. Ils font — à part; they are a separate body. Esprit de —; spirit of party; brotherhood in arms. Un — d’infanterie; a body of foot-soldiers. Garde du —; a life-guard. Un — de garde; a guard-house; watch-house; round-house. — à —; hand to hand. À — perdu; headlong; desperately. A bras-le-corps; by the waist. Saisir quelqu’un à bras-le-—; to seize any one round the waist. N’avoir rien dans le —; to have taken no food; to be a person of no pluck. À son — défendant; reluctantly, in one’s own defense. Le vaisseau a sombré — et biens; the vessel foundered with all hands.

corpulence, n.f., corpulence, corpulency; stoutness. Un homme de petite —; a stoutish man.

corpulent, -e, adj., corpulent, stout.

corpusculaire, adj., corpuscular.

corpuscule, n.m., corpuscule or corpuscle.

corpusculiste, n.m., corpuscularian.

correct (-rèct), -e, adj., accurate, correct, right.

correctement, adv., correctly, accurately, rightly, right.

correcteur, n.m., corrector, emendator; (print.) reader. Père —; superior of a convent.

correcti-f, -ve, adj., corrective.

correctif, n.m., corrective.

correction, n.f., correction; correctness, accuracy; alteration; reprimand; reproof; (print.) reading, correcting. Maison de —; house of correction, reformatory.

correctionnel, -le, adj., correctional (of misdemeanors); punishable; reformatory. Tribunal de police —le; police-court.

correctionnellement, adv., by way of correction; before the magistrate; for misdemeanors.

correctivement (-tiv-mān), adv., correctively, as a corrective.

correctoire, n.m., book of penance, formulary.

correctrice, n.f., lady superior of a convent of Minimi nuns.

corrégidor, n.m., corregidor (Sp. magistrate).

corrélati-f, -ve, adj., correlative.

corrélati-f, n.m., -ve, n.f., correlative.

corrélation, n.f., correlation.

correspondance, n.f., correspondence, intercourse; connection, relation; conformity, harmony. Être en — avec quelqu’un; to correspond with any one. Entretenir une — avec quelqu’un; to keep up a correspondence with any one. Voiture de —; correspondence-coach; railway-omnibus. Service de —; cross-post.

correspondant, -e, adj., correspondent, corresponding.

correspondant, n.m., correspondent, corresponding member; parents’ representative.

correspondre, v.n., to correspond, to communicate, to be in correspondence with; to agree, to suit, to harmonize.

corridor, n.m., lobby, corridor, gallery, passage. Cette porte donne sur le —; this door opens out into the gallery or passage.

corrigé, n.m., corrected copy; key (book).

corrigeant, -e (-jān, -t), adj., correcting.

corriger, v.a., to correct; to rectify; to repair; to amend; to reclaim; to reprove; to reprehend, to chide, to chastise. — des épreuves; (print.) to correct proofs.

se corriger, v.r., to correct one’s self, to amend, to reform, to be reformed. Elle s’est bien corrigée de cela; she has quite broken herself of that.

corrigible, adj., corrigible.

corroborant, -e (kor-ro-), adj., (med.) corroborant.

corroborant, n.m., (med.) corroborant.

corroborati-f, -ve (kor-ro-), adj., (med.) corroborative.

corroboratif (kor-ro-), n.m., (med.) corroborative.

corroboration (kor-ro-), n.f., (med.) corroboration, strengthening.

corroborer (kor-ro-), v.a., to strengthen, to corroborate.

corrodant, -e, adj., corroding. n.m., corrodent.

corroder (kor-ro-dé), v.a., to corrode.

corroi, n.m., currying of leather; (mas.) claying, puddling.

corroirie, n.f., (tech.) currier’s shop, currying.

corrompre, v.a., to corrupt; to adulterate, to spoil; to infect; to taint; to vitiate; to pervert; to bribe. Les mauvaises compagnies corrompent les bonnes mœurs; evil communications corrupt good manners. — des témoins; to bribe witnesses. Se laisser —; to take a bribe.

se corrompre, v.r., to grow corrupt; to become tainted, to fester.

corrompu, -e, part., corrupted; bribed; spoiled; unsound. Homme —; debauchee. Mœurs —es; dissolute manners.

corrosi-f, -ve (kor-rô-), adj., corrosive.

corrosif, n.m., corrosive.

corrosion (kor-rô-zion), n.f., corrosion.

corroyer, v.a., to curry (leather); to prepare clay for puddling; to puddle; to beat up. — du bois; to plane wood. — du fer; to hammer iron. — du sable; to roll sand.

corroyère, n.f., (bot.) sumac.

corroyeur, n.m., currier.

corrugateur, n.m., (anat.) corrugator.

corrugation, n.f., corrugation, wrinkling.

corrupt-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., (kor-rup-), corrupter, seducer, spoiler; briber.

corrupt-eur, -rice, adj., corrupting, perverting, corrupt, infectious.

corruptibilité (kor-rup-), n.f., corruptibility.

corruptible (kor-rup-), adj., corruptible.

corruption (kor-rup-), n.f., corruption; taint, putridity, rottenness; depravity, perversity, defilement; bribery.

cors, n.m.pl., (hunt.) horns; branches. Un cerf dix —; a full-grown stag.

corsage, n.m., trunk, bust, chest (of the body); bodice, body (of a dress). — de dessous; petticoat bodice.

corsaire, n.m., privateer, commander of a privateer; corsair, rover; shark, Jew. À —, — et demi; set a thief to catch a thief.

corsé, adj., rich, full-bodied, having body (of wine); (fam.) strong, thick, stout; substantial, copious; plentiful.

corse, n.m.f. and adj., Corsican.

corselet, n.m., corselet.

corser, v.n., to fit (of stays). v.a., (fig.) to thicken; to complicate.

se corser, v.r., to put one’s stays on; (fig.) to acquire strength; to grow serious.

corset, n.m., corset, stays; bodice; (surg.) bandage.

corseti-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., (-tié, -ti-èr), corset-maker, stay-maker.

cortège, n.m., train, retinue, cortege; procession; attendants.

cortès (-tèss), n.f.pl., Cortes (Spanish Parliament).

cortical, -e, adj., (bot., anat.) cortical.

cortiqueu-x, -se, adj., (bot.) corticose.

coruscation, n.f., coruscation.

corvéable, adj., (feudalism) liable to forced labor.

corvéable, n.m., one liable to forced labor.

corvée, n.f., (feudalism) statute-labor; duty, service, fatigue duty done by soldiers; toil; drudgery; bore. Quelle —! what a bore!

corvette, n.f., corvette, sloop of war.

corybante, n.m., priest of Cybele.

corybantique, adj., corybantic. —s, n.f.pl., feasts in honor of Cybele.

corymbe, n.m., (bot.) cluster, corymb.

corymbé, -e, (bot.) corymbiate.

corymbeu-x, -se, adj., (bot.) corymbase.

corymbifère, adj., (bot.) corymbiferous. —s; n.f.pl., corymbiferous plants.

coryphée, n.m., corypheus; leader, chief; principal man; (theat.) chorus-master.

coryza, n.m., (med.) coryza, cold in the head.

cosaque, n.m., Cossack.

cosaque, n.f., Cossack dance. Je veux te faire danser une —; (pop.) I’ll let you have a taste of the stick.

cosécante, n.f., (geom.) co-secant.

*coseigneur, n.m., joint lord of a manor.

conseigneurie, n.f., joint lordship.

cosinus (-si-nûs), n.m., (geom.) co-sine.

cosmétique, n.m., and adj., cosmetic.

cosmétique, n.f., art of using cosmetics.

cosmique, adj., (astron.) cosmical.

cosmiquement, adv., (astron.) cosmically.

cosmogonie, n.f., cosmogony.

cosmogonique, adj., cosmogonical.

cosmographe, n.m., cosmographer.

cosmographie, n.f., cosmography.

cosmographique, adj., cosmographical.

cosmolabe, n.m., (astron.) cosmolabe.

cosmologie, n.f., cosmology.

cosmologique, adj., cosmological.

cosmologiste or cosmologue, n.m., cosmologist.

cosmopolite, n.m., cosmopolite.

cosmopolite, adj., cosmopolitan.

cosmopolitisme, n.m., cosmopolitism.

cosmorama, n.m., cosmorama.

cosse, n.f., cod, shell, husk, pod; (nav.) thimble.

cosser, v.n., (of rams) to butt.

cosson, n.m., (ent.) weevil; (agri.) new shoot of a vine.

cossu, -e, adj., husked, podded; substantial, warm, wealthy, rich. En conter de —es; to tell spicy tales. Un homme —; a monied man.

costal, -e, adj., costal.

costières, n.f.pl., (theat.) grooves for the side-lights.

costume, n.m., garb, uniform; manners, usages; costume, dress. Grand —; full dress. Petit —; undress. — de soirée; evening-dress. — tailleur; tailor-made dress.

costumer, v.a., to dress in fancy dress.

se costumer, v.r., to dress one’s self up; to dress in fancy dress.

costumier, n.m., costumer, dealer in fancy dress clothes.

cotangente, n.f., (geom.) co-tangent.

cote, n.f., letter, number, figure (to indicate the order); (com.) quotation; quota, share, price, price-list. Faire une — mal taillée; to make a clumsy compromise.

côte, n.f., rib (of the body, of cloth, of fruit); (arch., bot., manu.), rib; (agri.) edge; hill, declivity; shore, sea-coast. — d’aloyau; wing-rib. Fausses —s; short ribs. Se casser une —; to break a rib. Rompre les —s à quelqu’un; to break anyone’s bones. Mesurer les —s à quelqu’un; to thrash anyone. Se mettre à la —; (nav.) to run aground, ashore. Ranger la —; to coast. Raser la —; to sail along, to hug, the shore. — à —; side by side. Le long de la —; along the hill or the shore. — de fer; (hist.) iron-side.

côté, n.m., side; broadside; way, manner; flank; part; slice. Il a un point de —; he has got a stitch in his side. Le — faible; the weak side. Mettre une bouteille, un tonneau, sur le —; to empty a bottle, a cask. De tous —s; on all sides. — de première; (print.) outer form. — de seconde; inner form. De mon —; for my own part. Ils sont parents du — maternel; they are related on the mother’s side. Il est du — gauche; he is a natural child. Se ranger du — de quelqu’un; to side with anyone. De quel — êtes-vous? whom do you side with? Il se met du — du plus fort; he takes the strongest side. A — de; by, near. Être à — de la question; to be beside the question. Donner à —; to miss. De —; sideways, aslant, askew, obliquely, aside. D’à —; adjoining, next house. Une vue de —; a side-view. Regarder de —; to look askance. Mettre une chose de —; to lay by. De — et d’autre; up and down, here and there, on all sides, in every direction. C’est son — faible; it is his weak side. S’asseoir à — de quelqu’un; to sit down by the side of any one. Se tenir les —s de rire; to shake one’s sides with laughing. De l’autre —; in the next room. Mettre les rieurs de son —; to turn the laugh against any one. Être sur le —; to be on one’s back, ill.

coteau, n.m., declivity, slope; little hill, hillock, rising ground.

côtelette (kot-let), n.f., chop, cutlet. Une — de mouton; a mutton chop. Des —s de veau; veal cutlets. — de porc frais; pork chop. Des —s; mutton chop whiskers.

cotenanci-er, -ère, n.m.f., co-tenant.

coter, v.a., to number; to quote, to fix, to price. Se —; to be quoted, to be priced. — le cours des effets publics; to quote the price of stocks.

coterie (ko-trî), n.f., coterie, set, club; circle, gang.

cothurne, n.m., buskin. Chausser le —; to put on the buskin (play in tragedy).

cothurné, -e, adj., (antiq.) cothurnated.

côtier (-tié), adj., n.m., coasting; coasting-pilot.

côtière (-ti-èr), n.f., (gard.) border, sloping bed; (nav.) (l.u.) coasts, coast-line.

*cotignac (-gna), n.m., quiddany, marmalade of quinces.

*cotillon, n.m., under-petticoat; cotillon (dance). Il aime le —; he is fond of women. Régime du —; petticoat government.

cotir, v.a., (fruit) to bruise, to damage.

cotisation, n.f., clubbing, subscription; assessment, quota, share.

cotiser, v.a., to assess, to rate.

se cotiser, v.r., to rate, to assess; to unite, to club together; to get up a subscription; to subscribe.

cotissure, n.f., (fruit) damage, bruising.

coton, n.m., cotton; down (of fruit and hair on the face). — épluché; picked cotton. — brut; raw cotton. — plat; darning cotton. — à tricoter; knitting cotton. — de couleur; colored cotton. Bobine de —; reel of cotton. Écheveau de —; skein of cotton. Balle de —; bale of cotton. Toile de —; cotton cloth. Il jette un vilain —; he is going to the dogs. Il jette, il file, un mauvais —; he is in a bad way. Mettre dans du —; to coddle, to nurse, to indulge. Elever dans du —; to molly-coddle; to bring up delicately.

cotonnade, n.f., cotton cloth, cotton-check.

cotonné, -e, part., woolly (of hair); wadded, padded; covered with, full of, cotton.

cotonner, v.a., to fill, to stuff with, cotton; to pad.

se cotonner, v.r., to be covered with down, to become downy; to cotton, to nap, to become mealy (of vegetables). Les artichauts, les radis se cotonnent; artichokes, radishes grow pithy or spongy.

cotonner, v.n., to cotton, to nap.

cotonneu-x, -se, adj., pithy, spongy, mealy; (bot.) downy, cottony (of style); spun out, lax, diffuse.

cotonnier, n.m., cotton-tree.

cotonni-er, -ère, adj., cotton, of cotton.

cotonnière, n.f., (bot.) cotton-weed; cud-weed.

cotonnine, n.f., cotton sail-cloth.

côtoyer, v.a., to go by the side of, to skirt; (nav.) to coast, to coast along; to keep close to, to hug the shore.

cotret, n.m., fagot, stick. Il est sec comme un —; he is as thin as a lath. De l’huile de —; stirrup oil; (fig.) cudgeling.

cottage, n.m., cottage.

cotte, n.f., petticoat, jacket; coat. — d’armes; coat of arms. — de mailles; coat of mail. — morte; estate (of a deceased monk).

cotte, n.m., (ich.) bull-head. — chabot; sea-scorpion.

cotut-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., joint-guardian.

cotylédon, n.m., (anat., bot.) cotyledon.

cotylédoné, -e, adj., (bot.) cotyledonous.

cotylier, n.m., (bot.) cotyledon, navel-wort.

cotyloïde, adj., (anat.) cotyloid.

cou, n.m., neck. — de travers; wry-neck. Sauter, se jeter, au — de quelqu’un; to fall on a person’s neck. Se casser le —; to break one’s neck. Couper le — à; to cut the neck of. Rompre le — à; to break the neck of. Prendre ses jambes à son —; to take to one’s heels. — de pied; instep.

couard, n.m., (fam.) coward, dastard.

couard, -e, adj., (fam.) coward, cowardly.

couardement, adv., (fam.) in a cowardly manner.

couarder, v.n., (fam.) to act in a cowardly manner.

couardise, n.f., (fam.) cowardice.

coucal, n.m., pheasant-cuckoo.

couchage, n.m., bedding (for the army); act of lying in bed; price of a bed, night’s lodging.

couchant, adj., lying; setting. Un chien —; a setter. Faire le chien —; to crawl and cringe. Soleil —; setting sun.

couchant, n.m., west; wane, decline.

couche, n.f., bed; bedstead; confinement, childbed, lying-in; delivery, birth; swaddling-clothes, diaper; layer, stratum, row; (gard.) hot-bed, bed; (mining) seam; layer, stratum, coat (of varnish, colour); stake (at play). La — nuptiale; the nuptial bed. Pendant ses —s; during her confinement. Elle est morte en —s; she died in childbed. Être en, faire ses, —s; to be confined, to lie-in. Heureuse —; good delivery. Fausse —; miscarriage. Partager la — de quel-qu’un; to share any one’s bed.

couché, -e, part., put to bed, in bed, gone to bed, lying down, flat down, recumbent, jacent; (her.) couchant.

couchée, n.f., resting-place; sleeping place; bed; night’s lodging.

coucher, v.a., to put to bed; to lay down; to lay low; to lodge; to knock down; to incline; to lay on ☉to stake. — quelqu’un en joue; to take aim at anyone, to cover anyone. — en joue; to aim at, to cover. ☉— gros; to play deep. — par écrit; to write down, take down, enter.

se coucher, v.r., to go to bed; to lay one’s self down, to lie down, to lie flat; to set; to go down. Allez vous —; go to bed. Il n’est pas encore temps d’aller se —; it is not bed-time yet. Se — comme les poules; to go to bed with the sun (i.e., very early). Comme on fait son lit, on se couche; as you make your bed, so you must lie. Allez vous —; (fam.) get along with you; stuff and nonsense. Le soleil se couche; the sun is setting.

coucher, v.n., to lie, to sleep, to pass the night; to lie down, to rest. — au cabaret; to sleep at a public-house. — à la belle étoile; to sleep in the open air. — sur la dure; to sleep upon bare boards or on the ground. — tout habillé; to sleep with one’s clothes on.

coucher, n.m., bed-time, going to bed; sleeping; setting (of the sun). C’est l’heure de son —; it is his bed-time. Le petit —; the king’s select circle whilst preparing for bed.

couchette, n.f., bedstead, small bed, crib.

coucheu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., bed-fellow. Mauvais —; nasty customer; cross-grained person. Bon —; easy-going fellow.

couchis, n.m., layer, stratum; bolster.

couci-couci, adv., (fam.) so so, middling, indifferently.

coucou, n.m., cuckoo; barren strawberry-plant; Dutch clock; coach, omnibus; one-horse chaise; (bot.) cowslip, daffodil.

coude, n.m., elbow; bend, angle; winding; turning, turn; knee (of machinery); neck (of a bayonet). Donner des coups de —; to elbow. Hausser le —; to drink hard, to fuddle.

coudé, -e, part., bent, elbowed, cranked.

coudée, n.f., arm’s length; cubit. Avoir les —s franches; to have elbow room, full play, scope, freedom.

cou-de-pied, n.m., (—s-—) instep.

couder, v.a., to bend, to make an elbow.

se couder, v.r., to elbow, to form an elbow.

coudoyer, v.a., to elbow, to jostle.

se coudoyer, v.r., to elbow, to jostle, one another.

coudraie, n.f., hazel-copse; filbert-orchard.

coudran, n.m., (nav.) tar. V. goudron.

coudranner, v.a., (nav.) to soak cords in tar.

coudre, n.m., nut-tree, hazel-tree. V. coudrier.

coudre (cousant, cousu), v.a., to sew, to stitch; to tack; (fig.) to add, to connect, to unite. — à; to stitch or sew to. — du linge; to sew linen. — à grands points; to take long stitches.

☉coudrette, n.f., hazel-copse.

coudrier, n.m., hazel-tree.

couenne (kooa-n), n.f., rind, pig-skin; (med.) buff; birth-mark, mole.

couenneu-x, -se (kooah-), adj., (med.) containing buff. Angine —se; diphtheria.

couette, n.f., little-tail; tuft; sea-gull; ☉feather-bed; (mec.) socket.

coufique, adj., (philol.) cufic.

cougourde, n.f., (bot.) bottle-gourd.

couguar (-gar), n.m., (mam.) cougar.

couillon, n.m., coward, funk; fool, muff.

couillonnade, n.f., gammon, humbug, bosh.

couillonner, v.a., to gammon, to humbug, to bamboozle; to funk, to shirk.

coulage, n.m., leakage, waste; melting, casting.

coulamment (koo-la-mān), adv., fluently, freely, readily. Il parle —; he talks fluently.

coulant, -e, adj., flowing; fluent; smooth; easy, accommodating; slip (of knots). Style —; easy, fluent style. Nœud —; noose.

coulant, n.m., slide, slider, runner; neck-jewel; slide (of an umbrella).

coulé, n.m., (mus.) slur; slide (dance); cast (founding); (paint.) first wash; (billiards) following stroke.

coulée, n.f., running, flowing, flow; (of writing) running-hand; tapping (metal); (hunt.) track path. Trou de —; (metal.) tap-hole.

coulement (kool-mān), n.m., running, flow (of liquids).

couler, v.n., to flow, to run; to glide, to glide along; to pour, to stream; to trickle, to drop; to leak, to run out; to ooze out; to glide away, to fly away, to slip; to slide away, to go down; (founding) to run through the mold; to gutter; to touch lightly upon; to be shed, to be split. Se laisser — jusqu’à terre; to slide down to the ground. Faire —; to shed. L’échelle va —; the ladder will slip. L’encre ne coule pas; the ink does not run freely. Le nez lui coule; his nose runs. La chandelle coule; the candle gutters. Les larmes lui coulent des yeux; tears are flowing from his eyes. — sur un fait; to glide or slur over a fact. — bas, à fond; to founder, to sink.

couler, v.a., to cast; to strain; to slip in; to pass (time); (mus.) to slur; to run down; to do for; to scald (linen); to fall off, to drop; to sink; to run smooth, to flow. — une statue; to cast a statue. — une glace; to cast a plate of glass. — un vaisseau à fond; to sink a ship. — un pas; to pass smoothly over a step (in dancing).

se couler, v.r., to slip, to creep, to steal, to slide; (of metals) to be cast.

couleur, n.f., color, paint; favor (ribbon); coloring; appearance; suit (at cards). —s aigres; harsh colors. —s amies; blending colors. — éclatante; striking color. — tranchante; glaring color. — solide; fast color. — de feu; flame color. — de rose; rose color. Pâles —s; (med.) chlorosis, green sickness. — locale; local coloring. — voyante; showy color. — à l’huile; oil color. —s passantes; fading colors. Diversifier, mêler, assortir, les —s; to vary, to blend, to match, colors. Juger d’une chose comme un aveugle des —s; to talk of a subject without knowing anything about it. Voir tout — de rose; to see the bright side of things. Les hommes de —; men of color, mulattoes. Lampes de —; variegated lamps. Reprendre —; to be in favor again; to appear in society again. Changer de —; to change color. La — lui monta au visage; the color came into his face. Ce rôti a bien pris —; that roast meat is nicely browned. L’affaire prend —; the matter is looking better, or is taking a turn. De quelle — tourne-t-il? what are trumps? Donner de la —; to follow suit. Prendre —; (lansquenet) to stake and cut the cards. Appliquer les —s; to lay on the colors. Adoucir, amortir, les —s; to soften, to deaden, colors. Rehausser les —s; to heighten colors. Peindre à pleines —s; to paint with a full brush. Mettre en —; (paint.) to stain. Style sans —; colorless style. Prendre —; to assume a character; (of persons) to take a side. Il l’a trompé sous — d’amitié; he deceived him under a show of friendship. Sous — de; under the pretext of.

couleuvre, n.f., adder; (fig.) mortification, vexation, bitter pill. Faire avaler des —s à quelqu’un; to put all sorts of indignities upon a person.

couleuvreau, n.m., young adder.

couleuvrée, n.f., (bot.) bryony.

coulevrine, n.f., culverin; aspic. Être sous la — d’un autre; to be dependent on another. Être sous la — d’une place; to be within reach of a fort.

coulis, adj.m. Vent —; wind that comes through cracks and chinks, draught of air.

coulis, n.m., (cook.) cullis, gravy, jelly; (mas.) grout, solder.

coulisse, n.f., groove; sliding board; running string; rib (presses); (print.) galley; (theat.) side-scene, wing; behind the scenes; shutter, door; (exchange language) coulisse (unauthorised part of the exchange); bucket shop; frequenters of the coulisse; outside brokers. — d’arbalète; chase of a cross-bow. Propos de —s; green-room talk. Faire les yeux en —; to look askance.

coulissé, -e, adj., grooved.

coulisseau, n.m., slide, slide-block, wooden groove for beds with castors; guide (engineering).

coulissier, n.m., stock-jobber; outside broker; green-room frequenter.

couloir, n.m., skimming-dish, strainer; (arch.) passage, lobby. ☉— de la bile; biliary duct.

couloire, n.f., colander, sieve, strainer.

coulpe, n.f., (rel.) sin, fault. J’en dis ma —; I confess and repent.

coulure, n.f., running (metal); falling off, dropping off (fruit).

coumarine, n.f., (chem.) coumarine.

coup (koo), n.m., blow, thump, knock, stroke, hit, stab, thrust, lash; crack (of a whip); beat (of a drum); draught (liquids); clap (of thunder); (artil.) charge; move (at chess, draughts); (fenc.) thrust; gust (of wind); throw (at dice); shot, report (of fire-arms); butt (of rams); time; trick; event; aim; attempt; act; action; deed; kick; push. pl., knocking. — amorti; spent shot. Grand —; hard blow; last cast. Porter un —; to deal a blow. Petit —; pat; sip (of liquids). Heureux —; lucky hit. — monté; got-up affair. — mortel, — de mort; death-blow. — de maître; master-stroke. — de jarnac; treacherous, unexpected blow. — de tête; act of desperation, freak. — de partie; decisive blow. — de poing; blow with the fist, fisticuff. — de coude; nudge. Un — de revers; back-stroke; backhander. Donner des —s de pied; to kick. — de massue; blow with a club, stunning blow; thunder-stroke. — de bâton; blow with a stick; cudgeling. Donner des —s de bâton à quelqu’un; to cudgel any one. Donner un — d’épée; to deal a sword thrust. — de fleuret; pass. Donner des —s de fouet; to lash. — de dent; bite. Au or sur le — de trois heures; when the clock strikes three. Un — de sifflet; a whistle. Donnez-vous un — de peigne; comb yourself. — de foudre; thunderbolt. — de sang; apoplectic fit; congestion of the brain. — de soleil; sunstroke. — d’air; cold in the head or chest. Le — de grâce; the coup-de-grace, the finishing stroke. C’est comme un — d’épée dans l’eau; it is like beating the air. Un — de bec or de patte; a piece of slander; sarcastic remark. Assommer quelqu’un de —s, rouer quelqu’un de —s; to beat in a cruel manner. — d’assommoir; overwhelming, a stunning blow. Détourner le —; to ward off the blow. Faire son —; to succeed. Manquer son —; to fail. — perdu; random shot. Donner un — de chapeau; to take off one’s hat. Faire d’une pierre deux —s; to kill two birds with one stone. Flanquer des —s à quelqu’un; to give any one a thrashing. Sans — férir; without striking a blow, without firing a shot. Porter —; to hit home. Encore un —; once more, again; one more blow. Encore un — je vous dis; once more I tell you. D’un seul —; at one blow; at one swoop. À — perdu; in vain. Sous le — de; under the threat of. — sur —; one after another, without stopping, in succession. Pour le —; this time, for once. Après —; too late. À tous —s; at every turn, every moment. Du premier —; at the first, at once. Tout à —; all of a sudden, suddenly. Tout d’un —; at once, all at once. À — sûr; certainly, to a certainty, unquestionably. Il a reçu un — de fusil; he received a gun-shot wound. — de canon à l’eau; shot between wind and water. — de partance; (nav.) farewell gun; signal for departure. Un — de vent; a squall. — de main; (milit.) coup-de-main, surprise, sudden, unexpected, desperate, attack. Donner un — de main à quelqu’un; to give any one a helping hand. Donner un — d’épaule à quelqu’un; to give any one a lift. Donner un — de collier; to put one’s shoulder to the wheel. Frapper les grands —s; to resort to decisive measures. Asséner un —; to deal a blow. — d’œil; glance, look. Jeter un — d’œil sur; to take a peep at. Avoir le — d’œil juste; to have a carpenter’s eye. Au premier — d’œil; at first sight. Cette démarche a porté —; this step has taken effect. Un — de bonheur; a lucky hit. Un — de malheur; an unlucky hit. — d’étourdi; rash act. — de désespoir; desperate attempt. — d’essai; first attempt. — d’éclat; striking act, brilliant exploit. — d’état; violent measure, exercise or abuse of authority; revolution, state-stroke. — d’autorité; act of authority. Par un — de hasard; by a mere chance. — de bonheur; lucky chance. — imprévu; unexpected accident. — du ciel; providential stroke. —s et blessures; (jur.) cutting and maiming. — de théâtre; unexpected event; clap-trap. Il a fait le —; he has done the deed. Un —; once. Il a encore trois —s à jouer; he has still three shots. Tirer un —; to fire a shot. Porter un — fourré à quelqu’un; to do anyone an ill turn, to strike a blow in the dark. C’est un — qui porte; that is a home-thrust. Le — vaut l’argent; it is worth trying. Buvez encore un —; drink once more. Boire un grand —; to take a long draught. Buvons un — ensemble; let us have a drink together. Boire un — de trop; to have a drop too much. Tuer quelqu’un à —s de bâton; to beat anyone to death. Faire les cent —s; to run riot. Être aux cent —s; to be at one’s wits’ end; not to know which way to turn.

coupable, adj., culpable, guilty, at fault, sinful, criminal. Déclarer quelqu’un —; to bring any one in guilty. Se déclarer —, non —; to plead guilty, not guilty.

coupable, n.m.f., guilty person; culprit.

coupage, n.m., cutting; diluting (of wine).

coupant, n.m., edge (of a sword). — de l’ongle du sanglier; the edge of a wild boar’s foot (hunt.).

coupant, -e, adj., cutting, sharp.

coupe, n.f., cutting; chopping; felling (of wood); wood felled; cut (style); cut (place); the cut end; felling; a fall of timber; cup; chalice; quaffing-bowl; (arch.) section, plan, slope; division; (astron.) Crater; calice; cup; (theol.) wine; cutting (at cards). La — des cheveux; hair-cutting. La — des pierres; stone-cutting. Mettre en —; to mark for cutting. — réglée; annual cutting; regular contribution. La — d’un bois taillis se fait tous les neuf ans; coppice wood is felled every ninth year. Mettre en —; to cut down periodically (of forests); (fig.) to lay under regular contribution. Il a la — malheureuse; he has a very unlucky hand at cutting. Être sous la — de quelqu’un; to play first (at cards); (fig.) to be in anyone’s power. Boire la — jusqu’à la lie; to drink the cup of bitterness to the dregs. Il y a loin de la — aux lèvres; there’s many a slip between the cup and the lips. — d’un ouvrage; division of a work into parts. La — et liaison des scènes; the division and connection of the scenes. La — des vers; the division of the verses. Boire dans une —; to drink out of a cup.

coupé, n.m., coupee (step in dancing); brougham; front part of a French diligence. — lit; sleeping car.

coupé, -e, part., cut, short, laconic. Un pays —; a country intersected with rivers, canals, &c. Un style —; a laconic style. Du lait —; milk and water. Du vin — d’eau; wine and water.

coupe-asperges, n.m., (—) (hort.) asparagus-knife.

☉coupeau, n.m., top of a hill; cop.

coupe-bourgeons, n.m., (plur. —) vine-grub.

coupe-cercle, n.m., (—-—s) round-punch (for cutting out pasteboard).

coupe-cors, n.m., (—) corn-cutter.

coupe-fils, n.m., pliers.

coupe-gorge, n.m., (—) cut-throat place; nest of swindlers; the dealer turning up his own card first (lansquenet).

coupe-jarret, n.m., (—-—s) cut-throat, assassin, ruffian.

coupe-légumes, n.m., (plur. —) vegetable-cutter.

coupellation (-pel-la-), n.f., (chem.) cupellation; testing (metal.).

coupelle, n.f., cupel. Argent de —; purest silver. Essai à la —; cupellation. Mettre à la —; to submit to cupellation; to put to the test.

coupeller, v.a., to test (metals).

*coupe-paille, n.m., (—) chaff-cutter.

coupe-pâte, n.m., (—) dough-knife.

couper, v.a., to cut; to cut off, to dock, to lop, to strike off; to cut down; to cut out; to clip, to pare, to cut away, to geld; to cross, to get before; to dilute (milk, wine, with water); (milit.) to intercept; to divide, to intersect, to interrupt; to hinder; to impede, to get before; to strike; to geld; to cut up, to carve; to amputate; to chop. — menu; to mince. — un habit; to cut out a coat. — par tranches; to slice, to cut into slices. Les sanglots lui coupent la voix; her sobs stifle her utterance. — la bourse à quelqu’un; to pick any one’s pocket. — le cours d’une rivière; to interrupt the course of a river. — les vivres à une armée; to intercept the provisions of an army. — la parole à quelqu’un; to interrupt any one. Pour — court; to be brief, in short. — le chemin à quelqu’un; to stop anyone’s way. — la ligne; (milit.) to break through the line. — le sifflet à quelqu’un; (pop.) to cut anyone’s throat. — les vivres à quelqu’un; to stop anyone’s allowance. — un cheveu en quatre; to split hairs. — le câble; to take the decisive step. — l’herbe sous le pied; (fig.) to supplant anyone; to lay by the heels. — bras et jambes; (fig.) to dumfound. — chemin à un incendie, à un maladie; to stop the progress of a fire, of a disease.

se couper, v.r., to cut oneself; to be chafed; to cut; to wear out; to burst; to crack; to intersect, to intersect one another; to cross; to contradict oneself, to falter, to equivocate. Se — la gorge; to cut one’s throat. Se — la main; to cut one’s hand. Ce cuire s’est coupé; this leather has burst.

couper, v.n., to cut, to cut in (at cards); to chop. À qui à —? whose cut is it? — dans le vif; to cut to the quick. — court à quelqu’un; to cut any one short. — par le plus court; to take the shortest way.

coupe-racines, n.m., (plur. —) (agri.) root-cutter.

couperet (koo-prè), n.m., chopper, enameler’s file.

couperose (koo-prôz), n.f., copperas; (med.) stone-pock. — verte; green vitriol. — blanche; white vitriol. — bleue; blue vitriol.

couperosé, -e (koo-prô-zé), adj., blotched, pimpled.

coupe-tête, n.m., (n.p.) leap-frog.

coupeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., cutter; player (lansquenet). — de bourses; pickpocket, cut-purse.

coupeur d’eau, n.m., (orni.) cut-water.

couplage, n.m., coupling; one of the sixteen parts composing a float of wood; pair of boats.

couple, n.f., couple (two things of the same kind); (of game) brace. Une — de bœufs; a yoke of oxen. Une — de perdrix; a brace of partridges.

couple, n.m., couple (two beings acting in concert); pair (of animals, male and female); (nav.) frame. C’est un — bien assorti; they are a well-matched couple. Un — de chevaux; a pair of horses. Maître —; midship-frame. —s de remplissage; (nav.) filling timber. — de balancement; balance timbers. Par —s; in pairs.

coupler, v.a., to couple, to link.

couplet, n.m., couplet, verse; song; tirade; hinge.

coupleter, v.a., to write a song.

☉coupletier, n.m., song writer.

coupoir, n.m., cutter (sharp instrument); blade; knife; (print.) lead-cutter; (foundry) dressing-bench.

coupole, n.f., spherical vault; cupola.

coupon, n.m., remnant; coupon, dividend warrant, cheque; (com.) part (of shares); (theat.) ticket.

coupure, n.f., cutting; cut, slit, incision; suppression, erasion; (milit.) entrenchment, ditch behind a breach; (banking term) small note, bond, coupon. J’ai une — au doigt; I have a cut on my finger.

cour, n.f., court (of a prince); court (of justice); love-suit, courtship; yard, court, courtyard. Basse-—; (—s-—s) back-yard, poultry-yard. — d’entrée; entrance-court, front-court. — de derrière; back-court. — de récréation; play-ground. Les gens de la —; courtiers. Eau bénite de —; empty promises. C’est la — du roi Pétaud; it is Bedlam broken loose. Faire la — à une dame; to court a lady. Faire un doigt de —; to show some attention to. Mettre hors de —; to nonsuit.

courable, adj., (hunt.) that may be hunted.

courage, n.m., courage, daring; spirit, mettle, fearlessness; fortitude, greatness of soul; heart, zeal; passion, temper. Prendre —; to be of good heart, to pluck up courage. Manquer de —; to be wanting in courage. Perdre —; to be discouraged. Tenir or prendre son — à deux mains; to summon up all one’s courage. Je n’ai pas le — de le lui refuser; I have not the heart to refuse it him. —! come! take courage! cheer up!

courageusement (-jeûz-mān), adv., courageously, bravely, valiantly, gallantly, fearlessly, resolutely.

courageu-x, -se, adj., courageous, daring, gallant, valiant, brave, fearless.

couramment (koo-ra-mān), adv., fluently, readily, off-hand. Il lit —; he reads fluently.

courant, -e, adj., current, running, present; ordinary; fair, middling (of goods); lineal (of measures). Le mois —; the present month. Monnaie —e; current coin. Le prix —; the current price. Compte —; account current. Ecriture —e; running-hand.

courant, n.m., current, stream, tide; course, routine; present price; present month, instant. Le — du marché; the market price. Le — des affaires; the course of affairs. Être au — des nouvelles; to know the news of the day. Tenir quelqu’un au — de; (com.) to keep any one constantly advised of. Se mettre au — de; to acquaint one’s self with. Fin —; (com.) at the end of the present month. En —; cursorily, in haste. Je vous tiendrai au —; I’ll let you know; I’ll keep you informed.

courante, n.f., courant (a kind of dance); running-hand (of writing); (l.ex.) looseness, relaxation.

courbage, n.m., bending, curving.

*courbaril, n.m., locust-tree. Bois de —; locust-wood.

courbatu, -e, adj., (vet.) foundered; knocked up; stiff in the joints; (med.) affected with lumbago. Je me sens tout —; I feel stiff and bruised all over.

courbature, n.f., (vet.) foundering, lameness; (med.) stiffness in the back and limbs, lumbago.

courbaturer, v.a., to knock up; to make any one feel stiff all over. Se —; to knock oneself up; to get knocked up.

courbe, adj., curved, bent, crooked.

courbe, n.f., curve (nav., carp.) knee; (vet.) curb; turn (in a road).

courbement, n.m., bending.

☉courbément, adv., curvedly, crookedly.

courber, v.a., to bend, to warp, to make crooked, to curve, to incurvate; (tech.) to sag, to bow down, to weigh down. Courbé de vieillesse; bent with age. Se tenir courbé; to stoop.

se courber, v.r., to bend, to bow; to stoop; to bow down.

courber, v.n., to bow, to bend.

courbet, n.m., bill-hook; bow of a pack-saddle.

courbette, n.f., (man.) curvet; cringing, bowing and scraping. Il fait des —s; he bows and scrapes and cringes.

courbetter, v.n., (man.) to curvet.

courbure, n.f., curve, curvature, bending, curvation, bend; (tech.) sagging.

*courcailler, v.n., to cry like a quail.

*courcaillet, n.m., cry of the quail; quail-pipe.

courcive, n.f. V. coursive.

courçon, n.m., (artil.) iron hoop, band.

coureau, n.m., strait, channel; yawl.

courée, n.f., or courai, n.m., (nav.) stuff to pay a ship’s bottom, grading.

coureur, n.m., runner, racer; courser, hunter; light-porter; running footman; groom; gadder; rambler, rover, stroller; inconstant lover; rake, libertine; (milit.) skirmisher; scout. — de sermons; sermon hunter. — de nuit; man who keeps late hours. — de cachets; visiting tutor, master.

coureuse, n.f., gadder, street-walker. — de cachets; visiting or daily governess.

coure-vite or court-vite, n.m., (—) (orni.) courser.

courge, n.f., gourd, pumpkin; yoke (to carry pails). — à la moelle; squash.

courir (courant, couru), v.n., to run; to hasten; to hunt, to run after; to ramble, to gad abroad, to run about, to rove, to run up and down; to flow, to stream; to run on; to run along, to extend, to stretch; to prevail, to be prevalent, to be about, abroad; to go round; to be current, to circulate, to be reported; (nav.) to sail. — à toutes jambes; to run as fast as possible; at the top of one’s speed. — à bride abattue; to ride full gallop. — après; to run after. Devancer en courant; to outrun. — çà et là; to run about, up and down; to gad about. L’année qui court; the present year. Au temps, par le temps, qui court; as times go nowadays. La monnaie qui court; current money. La mode qui court; the prevailing fashion. Le bruit court qu’il est mort; there is a report that he is dead. Il court bien des maladies; there is much illness about. — à l’autre bord; (nav.) to stand upon the other tack. — au large; to stand off. — à sa perte; to hasten to one’s ruin. — à l’hôpital; to be ruining one’s self. — aux armes; to fly to arms. — sur le marché de quelqu’un; to outbid any one. — à sa fin; to draw to an end. Faire — des bruits; to spread reports. Faire — une santé; to make a toast go round.

courir, v.a., to run after, to pursue; to travel over; to hunt; to frequent; to infest; to expose one’s self, to run, to take. — les rues; to run about the streets. — la pretantaine; to gad about. — les bals, les théâtres; to frequent balls, theatres. — le pays; to rove, to stroll about. — le monde; to travel. Être fou à — les rues or les champs; to be as mad as a March hare. — la poste; to do a thing precipitately. — sa vingtième année; to be in one’s twentieth year. — le plat pays, la mer; to be a pirate. — le même lièvre; to be engaged in the same pursuit. — même fortune; to be in the same boat.

courlieu or courlis, n.m., (orni.) curlew.

couronne, n.f., crown, coronet; wreath; (anat., arch., astron., conch., hort., hunt.) crown; crown (of the teeth); crown (a coin); (vet.) coronet; (fort.) crown work; (of paper) large foolscap; (of a lamp) chimney-holder. — civique; civic crown. — d’épines; crown of thorns. La — du martyre; the crown of martyrdom. Décerner une —; to award a wreath. — impériale; (bot.) crown-imperial. — de pieu; head of a stake. — des blés; rose-campion. Domaine de la —; crown-lands. C’est le plus beau fleuron de sa —; it is the brightest jewel in his crown. Traiter de — à —; to treat as from sovereign to sovereign. — matrimoniale; (hist. of Scotland) matrimonial crown.

couronné, -e, part., crowned, capped; encompassed; (vet.) broken-kneed; (arch.). Arbre —; tree the top of which is withering. Cheval —; broken-kneed horse.

couronnement (koo-ro-n-mān), n.m., crowning, coronation; completion; crowning, coping (of walls); cap (of blocks); (nav.) taffrail of a ship.

couronner, v.a., to crown; to decree a crown; to award a prize; to wreath; (arch.) to cap. — de fleurs; to crown with flowers. La fin couronne l’œuvre; all’s well that ends well.

se couronner, v.r., to be crowned, to wear a crown; to begin to wither at the top (of trees); to be broken-kneed, to come down (of a horse).

couronnure, n.f., crown (on a stag’s head).

courre, n.m., (hunt.) starting-place; hunting or coursing country.

courre, v.a., (hunt.) to run; to hunt. Laisser —; to slip the hounds.

courrier, n.m., courier, post, post-boy; messenger. — de la malle; mail-cart driver. Jour de —; post-day. Par le — de ce jour; by to-day’s post. Par le retour du or par retour de —; by return of post. L’heure du —; post-time. Faire son —; to write one’s letters. Lire or dépouiller son —; to read one’s letters.

courrière, n.f., (l.u.) wanderer; forerunner, harbinger; messenger.

courroi, n.m., roller, tenter (used by dyers).

courroie, n.f., strap, thong; belt, band. Allonger la —; to make the most of one’s money. Serrer la — à quelqu’un; to curtail any one’s allowance. Lâcher la —; to give rein, to give rope.

courroucer, v.a., to provoke to anger, to incense; to irritate. Flots courroucés; angry waves.

se courroucer, v.r., to become angry.

courroux, n.m., wrath, anger, rage. Être en —; to be angry.

courroyage, n.m., tentering.

courroyer, v.a., to tenter, to stretch stuffs just dyed.

courroyeur, n.m., one who stretches stuffs just dyed.

cours, n.m., course, stream, current, running, vent, scope; public drive; vogue; currency (of coin); progress; continuation; term, space; lectures, course of lectures; (com.) market price; (nav.) voyage. Donner un libre — à sa fureur; to give full vent to one’s anger. Le — du soleil est d’orient en occident; the course of the sun is from east to west. Ce bruit a eu —; the rumor was current. Donner — à; to give currency to. Salle de —; lecture-room. Faire un —; to give a course of lectures. Suivre un —; to attend a course of lectures. Ce jeune homme a fini ses —; this young man has finished his studies. — d’eau; stream; watercourse. — de ventre; looseness of the bowels. Avoir son —; to take its course (of a disease). — légal; legal tender. Dernier —; closing price. Premier —; opening price. Obtenir le —; (com.) to command a price. Voyage de long —; ocean travel; voyage to foreign parts.

course, n.f., race, running; run; career; tilt; coursing, hunting, chase; cruise, cruising, incursion, privateering; journey, walk; excursion, jaunt; round, call, errand; tour; fare; course; (nav.) cruise; length of the stroke (of a piece of machinery). Il est léger à la —; he is a swift runner. Surpasser à la —; to outrun. — de bague; running at the ring. — de chevaux; horse-race. Champ de —; race-course. — au clocher; steeple-chase. Une — à pied; a foot-race. — de chars; chariot-race. — de haies; hurdle-race. Aller en —; to go upon a cruise. Vaisseau armé en —; ship armed for cruising, privateer. Être en —; to be out. Faire des —s; to go on errands, to pay calls. Faire une — à cheval; to take a ride. Faire une — à pied; to walk out on foot. Prendre un fiacre à la —; to take a hackney coach by the drive. Lutte à la —; foot-match.

coursier, n.m., charger, steed; (nav.) bow, bow-chase; float-board.

coursive, n.f., (nav.) waist; passage; half-deck.

courson, n.m., shoot cut down to three or four eyes; vine-shoot.

court, -e, adj., short; scanty; brief, concise, curt, succinct; narrow; limited. Être — d’argent; to be short of money. Avoir la vue —e; to be near-sighted. Il est revenu avec sa —e honte; he came back unsuccessful. Il veut la faire —e et bonne; he wishes to have a short but a merry life.

court, n.m., the shortest way. Savoir le — et le long d’une affaire; to know the long and the short of an affair. Prendre le plus —; to take the shortest way.

court, adv., short. S’arrêter tout —; to stop short. Tourner —; to turn short. Pour le faire —; to be short. Couper — à quelqu’un; to cut any one short. Demeurer tout —; to stop short. Tenir quelqu’un de —; to keep anyone under. Tout —; only that, and no more. À — de; short of.

courtage, n.m., (com.) business of a broker; brokerage, commission. — de change; bill-brokerage. Faire le —; to carry on the business of a broker.

courtaud, -e, adj., thick-set, dumpy; docked, crop-eared (of dogs, horses). Etriller quelqu’un en chien —; to give any one a good licking.

courtaud, n.m., -e, n.f., short, thick-set person. — de boutique; shop drudge, counter-jumper. [In the latter sense, courtaud is not used in the feminine.]

courtauder, v.a., to dock, to crop (horses, &c.).

*court-bouillon, n.m., (—s-—s) a wine sauce to boil fish in.

court-bouton, n.m., (—s-—s) peg (of a plow).

courte-botte, n.m., (—s-—s) shrimp of a fellow.

courte-boule, n.f., short bowls.

courte-haleine, n.f., shortness of breath, asthma.

courtement, adv., (l.u.) shortly, briefly.

*courte-paille, n.f., cut (wisp of straw). Tirer à la —; to draw cuts, lots.

courtepointe, n.f., counterpane, quilt.

courtepointier (-tié), n.m., quilt-maker.

courter, v.a., to buy and sell as a broker, to act as a commission agent.

courtier (-tié), n.m., broker; agent. — de change; bill-broker, money-broker. — non breveté, — marron; unlicensed broker. — maritime; ship-broker. — pour les denrées coloniales; colonial broker. — d’assurances, dictions; insurance, share, broker. — pour les sucres; sugar-broker. — de mariage; matrimonial agent. — electoral; electioneering agent; canvasser.

courtière, n.f., matrimonial agent, go-between.

courtil, n.m., croft (small field).

courtilière, n.f., mole-cricket.

*courtille, n.f., tea-gardens.

courtine, n.f., (fort.) curtain.

courtisan, n.m., courtier.

courtisane, n.f., courtesan.

courtisanerie, n.f., court flattery; toadyism.

courtisanesque, adj., courtier-like.

courtiser, v.a., to court, to pay court to, to woo, to flatter. — une femme; to make love to a woman.

court-jointé, -e, adj., (—-—s) short-jointed.

court-mancher, v.a., (cook.) to skewer.

court-monté, -e, adj., low-backed (of horses).

courtois, -e, adj., courteous, polite, well-bred. Armes —es; blunt arms.

courtoisement (-toaz-mān), adv., in a courteous manner, courteously.

courtoisie, n.f., courteousness, courtesy, kindness, good turn.

à courts jours, adv., having a few days to run (of bills). Lettre de change à —; bill which has but a few days to run.

court-vêtu, -e, adj., (—-—s) in short petticoats.

court-vite, n.m., (—). V. coure-vite.

couscous, n.m., (n.p.) couscous (Arabian dish).

couseuse, n.f., sewer, stitcher (of books).

cousin, n.m., -e, n.f., cousin; friend, crony. — germain; first cousin, cousin german. — au troisième degré; third cousin.

cousin, n.m., (ent.) gnat.

cousinage, n.m., relationship of cousins, relation, kindred.

cousiner, v.a., to call cousin.

se cousiner, v.r., to call one another cousin.

cousiner, v.n., to spunge, to live on others, to be friends, cronies.

cousinerie (koo-zi-n-rî), n.f., host of cousins.

cousinière, n.f., gnat-veil, mosquito-net.

cousoir, n.m., (book-bind.) sewing-press.

coussin, n.m., cushion, hassock; pad; (min., surg.) bolster. — de mire; bed of a cannon.

coussinet, n.m., small cushion; pad; iron wedge; (surg.) bolster; (arch.) cushion; (railways) chair; pillion (of saddles); (bot.) whortleberry; cranberry.

cousu, -e, part., sewed, stitched; seamed; closed. Ses finesses sont cousues de fil blanc; his tricks are very shallow. Bouche cousue; mum’s the word. Être — d’argent; to be rolling in money.

coût, n.m., (jur.) cost, charge; price, expense.

coûtant, adj., of the cost. Prix —; prime cost.

couteau, n.m., knife; ☉short sword, dagger. — à découper, — à dépecer; carving-knife. A —x tirés; at daggers drawn. — pliant; clasp-knife. — à ressort; spring-knife. — à deux tranchants; two-edged knife. Planche à —x; knife-board. Donner un coup de — à quelqu’un; to stab anyone with a knife. Aiguiser ses —x; to prepare for the engagement. — poignard; dagger-knife. Ils en sont à —x tirés; they are at daggers drawn.

coutelas (koo-tlâ), n.m., cutlass.

coutelier, n.m., cutler.

coutelière, n.f., knife-case; cutler’s wife.

coutellerie (koo-tèl-rî), n.f., cutler’s shop; cutlery, cutler’s ware.

coûter, v.n., to cost; to stand in; to be expensive; to be painful, troublesome, mortifying; to be an effort, a trial. Il lui en coûte beaucoup de dire cela; it is very painful to him to say that. L’argent ne lui coûte rien; he knows not the value of money. Que coûte-t-il de souhaiter? there is nothing so easy as wishing. Tout lui coûte; everything is an effort to him. Coûte que coûte; come what may, at any price. Rien ne lui coûte; he spares no trouble; he sticks at nothing.

coûter, v.a., to cost. Cela lui coûta la vie; that cost her her life, or him his life.

coûteusement, adv., expensively.

coûteu-x, -se, adj., expensive, costly.

coutier (-tié), n.m., tick-maker.

coutil (koo-ti), n.m., ticking, duck. Fil de —; drill.

coutre, n.m., plow-share, coulter; (nav.) cutter.

coutrier, n.m., subsoil-plow.

coutume, n.f., custom; habit; practice, usage; ☉tax; collection of customs. Selon ma —; according to my custom. Comme de —; as usual. Avoir — de; to be accustomed to. Une fois n’est pas —; once does not constitute a habit; one swallow does not make a summer.

coutumi-er, -ère, adj., common, ordinary, customary; accustomed, used; wonted, habitual. Pays —; country governed by common law. Il est — du fait; it is not the first time he has done it; he is an old offender, an old hand.

☉coutumier, n.m., customary (book of common law).

couture, n.f., seam; sewing, stitching; scar. Rabattre les —s; to flatten the seams. Ils ont été battus à plate —; they were beaten hollow. — ouverte; (nav.) open seam.

couturer, v.a., to seam. Il a le visage couturé; his face is seamed, scarred.

couturier, n. and adj. m., (anat.) sartorious muscle; tailor’s muscle; sempster, sewer; ladies’ tailor.

couturière, n.f., dressmaker, seamstress, needle-woman.

couvage, n.m., brooding, sitting.

couvain, n.m., eggs of bees, or of bugs; breeding-cells, etc.

couvaison, n.f., brooding-time, sitting.

couvée, n.f., nest of eggs; brood, covey; (b.s.) generation, progeny. D’une —; at one brood.

couvent, n.m., convent, monastery, nunnery.

couver, v.a., to sit on, to hatch; to brood on, to incubate, to brood, to brew. — quelqu’un des yeux; to look tenderly at anyone; to devour with one’s eyes; to gloat over. — de mauvais desseins; to brew evil designs. — une maladie; to be sickening for an illness.

se couver, v.r., to brood, to sit, to lie hid, to hatch.

couver, v.n., to brood, to sit, to lie hid; to lurk; to smolder; to prepare secretly.

couvercle, n.m., cover, lid; (tech.) cap, shutter.

couverseau, n.m., drum-cover (of a mill).

couvert, n.m., dinner things; breakfast things; cover (plate, spoon, knife, and fork); case (containing a spoon, knife, and fork); shelter; covert, shady place, thicket; cover, wrapper. Mettre le —; to lay the cloth. Ôter le —; to remove the cloth, to clear the table. Donner le — à quelqu’un; to shelter anyone. Table de dix —s; table laid for ten. Un — de plus; another knife and fork.

couvert, -e, part., covered; (fort.) covered, hid, hidden, secret; close, concealed; cloudy, overcast (of the weather); obscure, ambiguous (of words); clad, deep-colored (of wine). — de plaies; covered with sores. Il est toujours ben —; he is always well clothed. Mots —s; ambiguous words. À mots —s; in innuendoes. Pays —; woody country. Chemin —; (fort.) covert-way. Lieu —; shady place. Temps —; cloudy weather. À —; under cover; sheltered, secure. Se mettre à —; to shelter one’s self. Être à —; have good security, to be safe.

couverte, n.f., glaze, glazing.

☉couvertement, adv., covertly, secretly.

couverture, n.f., cover (of a book); wrapper; coverlet, counterpane, quilt, bed-clothes; blanketing; rug, cloak, blind; (com.) guaranty, security. — de laine; blanket. — de cheval; horse-cloth. — piquée; quilt. — de selle; saddle-cloth. Faire la —; to turn down the bed.

couverturier, n.m., blanket-maker.

couvet, n.m., earthenware foot-stove.

couveuse, n.f., brooding-hen.

couvi, adj., addle, addled. Œuf —; rotten egg.

couvoir, n.m., incubator.

couvre-chef, n.m., (—-—s) covering for the head, headgear, head-dress, kerchief.

couvre-feu, n.m., (—) curfew, curfew-bell; fire-cover, fire-plate.

couvre-lumière, n.m., (—-—s) (artil.) apron.

couvre-pieds, n.m., (—) foot-coverlet.

couvre-plat, n.m., (—-—s) dish-cover.

couvreur, n.m., tiler, slater. — en ardoise; slater. — en chaume; thatcher. — en tuiles; tiler.

couvrir, (couvrant couvert), v.a., to cover; to envelop; to wrap up; to muffle up; (com., milit.) to cover; (of horse) to serve, to leap; to excuse, to palliate; to defray (expenses); to overflow, to overspread; to overrun; to protect; to copulate; to cloak, to keep secret, to disguise. — un toit; to roof. — de honte; to load with shame. — sa faute; to palliate one’s fault. Un bon général doit savoir — sa marche; a good general should know how to conceal his march.

se couvrir, v.r., to cover oneself, to put on one’s hat, to be covered; to cover or defend oneself; to conceal oneself; to get under cover; to be overcast (of the weather); to reimburse oneself. Couvrez-vous; put your hat on. Le temps se couvre; the weather is becoming overcast.

covenant (kov-nān), n.m., covenant.

covenantaire, n.m., covenanter.

covendeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., joint-vendor.

cowpox, n.m., cow-pox.

coxal, adj., (anat.) of the hip, coxal, iliac.

crabe, n.m., crab.

crabier, n.m., crab-eater.

crac, int., creaking noise, crack, pop! —! le voilà parti; he was off in the twinkling of an eye! or before you could say Jack Robinson! Monsieur de —; Baron Munchausen.

crachat, n.m., spittle, expectoration; slight materials (of buildings); star, grand cross.

crachement (krash-mān), n.m., spitting. — de sang; spitting of blood.

craché, -e, part. adj. Tout —, toute —e; the very image of; the dead spit of.

cracher, v.a., to spit, to spit out, to utter, to come out with; to come down with, to fork out (money). — du coton; (pop.) to have a thirst on.

cracher, v.n., to spit, to sputter (of speech, of pens). — au bassin; to contribute. — au nez, au visage, de quelqu’un; to spit in anyone’s face. — en l’air; to be hoist with one’s own petard. C’est à — dessus; it is a mean, despicable thing.

cracheu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., spitter.

crachoir, n.m., spittoon.

crachotement, n.m., frequent spitting.

crachoter, v.n., to spit often.

craie, n.f., chalk. Marquer avec de la —; to chalk.

craïer, n.m., (nav.) pole-masted vessel.

craillement, n.m., cawing (of crows).

crailler, v.n., to caw.

craindre (craignant, craint), v.a., to fear, to apprehend; to be afraid of, to dread, to stand in awe or fear of; to be afraid; to dislike; to be unable to bear. Il craint d’être découvert; he is afraid of being discovered. Il craint que sa femme ne meure; he fears his wife will die. Je ne crains pas de le dire; I do not hesitate to say so. Ces arbres craignent le froid; these trees dread the cold. Se faire — de quelqu’un; to be held in dread by anyone. À —; to be feared; dangerous; to be avoided.

crainte, n.f., fear, dread, awe, apprehension. Retenir quelqu’un par la —; to keep any one in awe. Sans —; fearlessly. Avec —; fearfully, in terror, in dread. — de, de — de; for fear of. De — que; for fear of; for fear that, lest. De — d’être surpris; for fear of being surprised. De — qu’il ne le fasse; lest he should do it.

crainti-f, -ve, adj., fearful, apprehensive, timid, timorous, cowardly.

craintivement, adv., fearfully, timorously.

*cramailler, n.m., (horl.) notch-wheel.

crambe or crambé, n.m., (bot.) colza, sea kale.

cramoisi, n.m., crimson.

cramoisi, -e, adj., crimson; red, scarlet.

crampe, n.f., cramp; cramp-fish, numb-fish; (nav.) cramp-iron; hook of a block. Avoir des —s d’estomac; griping; cramping. Tirer sa —; (pop.) to bolt, to run away.

crampon, n.m., (bot.) fulcrum, prop; (farriery) calkin; (hort.) climbing-spur; (mach.) click; cramp-iron, cramp-hook; hold-fast; grappling iron; brace. — de fer à cheval; frost-nails of a horseshoe.

cramponné, -e, part., clinging to; (her.) having half a potence at both ends, cramponee; (farriery) with calkins.

cramponner, v.a., to cramp, to fasten with a cramp-iron. — un cheval; to shoe a horse with frost-nails, calkins.

se cramponner, v.r., to cling, to hold fast, to fasten to anything; to cling like grim death to.

cramponnet, n.m., little cramp-iron, tack, loop. — de targette; lock staple.

cran, n.m., notch; cog; (bot.) scurvy-grass, cochlearia, horse-radish; (print.) nick; (vet.) notch, ridge. D’un —; by a notch. Baisser d’un —; to take a peg lower. Monter d’un —; to rise a peg higher.

crâne, n.m., skull, brain-pan, cranium; (pop.) madcap, swaggerer, blusterer. adj., bold, brave; famous, capital, spicy.

crânement, adv., swaggeringly; capitally, in style, famously, fearlessly, unblushingly.

crânerie (crâ-n-rî), n.f., (pop.) swaggering, blustering, vaporing.

crangon, n.m., shrimp.

craniologie or cranologie, n.f., craniology.

craniologique, adj., craniological.

craniologiste, n.m., craniologist.

craniomètre, n.m., craniometer.

craniométrie, n.f., craniometry.

craniométrique, adj., craniometrical.

cranioscopie, n.f., cranioscopy.

cranologie, n.f. V. craniologie.

cranson, n.m., scurvy-grass. — rustique; horse-radish.

crapaud, n.m., toad; urchin, brat, fellow; low-seat chair; (artil.) mortar-carriage; (vet.) crepane, maltworm. La bave d’un —; toad-spittle. C’est un vilain —; he is a mean, despicable fellow. Il est chargé d’argent comme un — de plumes; all the money he has he can put in his eye. — de gouvernail; (nav.) goose-neck. — de mer; toad-fish; hog-fish. — pécheur; fishing frog. — volant; churn-owl. — de timon; pole-end (of a carriage).

*crapaudaille, n.f., a gang of vagabonds, riff-raff. V. crépodaille.

crapaudière, n.f., toad-hole; (fig.) low, swampy place.

crapaudine, n.f., (min.) bufonite, toad-stone, wolf’s-tooth; leaden grating; valve of an escape pipe; (vet.) crepane, crack; (bot.) sideritis, iron-wort; (mec.) socket. À la —; cut open and broiled; spatch-cocked.

crapelet, n.m., young toad; toadlet.

crapone, n.f., (horl.) square flat file.

crapoussin, n.m., -e, n.f., scrubby little man or woman, dwarf, bloated little shrimp.

crapule, n.f., low vulgar debauchery; intemperance; gluttony, drunkenness; low, debauched people; blackguards.

crapuler, v.n., to live in vice, to fuddle or drink hard, to give one’s self up to all sorts of low debauchery.

crapuleusement, adv., dissolutely.

crapuleu-x, -se, adj., drunken, intemperate, vulgar, debauched; grossly vicious, dissolute.

craque, n.f., fib, humbug, fudge, bouncer. int., crack, bang.

craquelé, -e, adj., crackled, fissured (of china).

craqueler, v.n., to crack; to crackle (of china).

craquelin (kra-klin), n.m., cracknel.

craquelot (kra-klo), n.m., red-herring.

craqueloti-er, n.m., -ère (kra-klo-tièr), n.f., herring-curer.

craquelure, n.f., fissure, crack (in china).

craquement (krak-mān), n.m., crack, cracking noise, crunching; crepitation, creaking, snapping (of trees, boughs). Un — de dents; a chattering of the teeth.

craquer, v.n., to creak, to crunch, to crack, to crackle, to snap; to chatter (of the teeth); to tell a lie, to boast, to draw the long bow. Faire — ses doigts; to make one’s fingers snap.

craquerie, n.f., cracking, boasting, drawing the long bow, fiction, story, fib, fudge.

craquètement, n.m., crackling; gabbling (of the stork and other birds).

craqueter (kra-kté), v.n., to crackle, to crepitate; to gabble (of some birds). Le laurier craquète au feu; laurel crackles in the fire.

craquette, n.f., notch (of a tailor); scum (on melted butter).

craqueu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., noisy, boasting fellow; bouncer, braggart.

crase, n.f., (gram.) crasis, contraction of two syllables into one; (med.) crasis.

crasiologie, n.f., crasiology.

crassane, n.f., cresane (a sort of pear).

crasse, n.f., dirt, filth, scurf; squalor; niggardliness, stinginess; coat of filth, layer of dirt; rusticity, bad manners; (of coals) ashes, cinders. — de la tête; dandruff. La — des métaux; the dross, scum, scale, of metals.

crasse, adj., gross, thick, coarse, crass. Une ignorance —; gross or crass ignorance.

crasser, v.a., to foul, to dirty (of fire-arms).

se crasser, v.r., to become foul (of fire-arms).

crasseu-x, -se, adj., dirty, filthy, nasty, squalid, rusty; sordid, stingy, mean. Cheveux —; greasy hair.

crasseu-x, n.m., -se, n.f., sloven, slut; niggard, miser, skinflint. Un —; a filthy fellow.

crassule, n.f., (bot.) crassula.

cratère, n.m., (geol.) crater; (antiq.) bowl, cup; (astron.) Crater, Cup.

craticulation, n.f., (paint.) squaring.

craticuler, v.a., (paint.) to square. V. graticuler.

cratirites, n.f.pl., wild Grecian figs.

craupécherot or corbeau pêcheur, n.m., (orni.) bald-buzzard, osprey, fishing-eagle.

cravache, n.f., horsewhip, riding-whip.

cravan, n.m., (orni.) brent-barnacle, brand-goose, brent.

cravate, n.f., cravat, neck-tie, neckcloth, neckerchief; (of curtains) band. — d’un drapeau; knot of a flagstaff. — longue; scarf.

cravate, n.m., Croat; Croatian horse. Régiment de —s; formerly regiment of light cavalry; regiment of Croats. adj., Croatian. Cheval —; Croatian horse.

cravater, v.a., to put any one’s neck-tie on for him; to go round the neck; to fit.

se cravater, v.r., to put on one’s neck-tie.

crayère, n.f., chalk-pit.

crayeu-x, -se, adj., chalky.

crayon, n.m., chalk; pencil; pencil drawing, portrait in crayons; description of a person, manner, style; sketch, rough-draft, outline. — noir; blacklead-pencil. — d’ardoise; slate-pencil. — de pastel; pastel, crayon. Affûter un —, donner une pointe à un —; to point a pencil. Au —; in pencil.

crayonner, v.a., to draw with a pencil; to sketch rudely or imperfectly; to sketch, to trace the outline, to chalk, to delineate; to paint badly.

crayonneur, n.m., (b.s.) dauber.

crayonneu-x, -se, adj., chalky.

cré, adj., abbreviation of sacré.

créadier, n.m., sort of drag-net.

créance, n.f., credence, credit, trust, belief; debt, money owing; influence; (hunt.) command. Lettres de —; letter of credence, credentials. Lettre de —; letter of credit. Donner — à une chose; to give credit to a thing. Chien de bonne —; dog well in hand. Oiseau de peu de —; (hawking) bird that will not come back to its master.

créanci-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., creditor; (jur.) covenantee, obligee. — hypothécaire; mortgagee. — importun; dun.

créat, n.m., (man.) riding-master’s assistant.

créateur, n.m., creator, maker.

créat-eur, -rice, adj., creative, creating, inventive. Il a le génie —; he has an inventive genius.

créatine, n.f., (chem.) creatine.

création, n.f., creation; production; foundation; establishment.

créature, n.f., creature; thing; dependant, tool.

☉crébèbe, n.m. V. cubèbe.

crécelle, n.f., rattle.

crécerelle, n.f., (orni.) kestrel, windhover.

crèche, n.f., crèche, manger, crib; day-nursery; foundling-hospital; (arch.) starling.

crédence, n.f., credence, credence-table; buttery, pantry, safe.

crédencier, n.m., pantler, clerk of the buttery, buttery-keeper.

crédibilité, n.f., credibility.

crédit, n.m., credit; trust; authority, interest, influence, patronage, sway, power; repute, esteem, name, vogue, favor, request. Lettre de —; letter of credit. Faire —, vendre, donner, à —; to credit, to give trust, to give credit. Ouvrir un — à quelqu’un; to open an account with any one. Il a bon —; his credit is good. Avoir — en banque; to have funds in the bank. Faire — de la main à la bourse; to trust no farther than one can see. — est mort; old Trust is dead. Cela l’a mis en —; that brought him into repute. Être en grand —; to be in high repute. À —; on credit, on trust; to no purpose; gratuitously, without proof, without ground, at random. Avoir du —; to have influence.

créditer, v.a., to trust; to enter upon the credit side (of an account), to credit. Être crédité sur une ville; to have letters of credit on a town.

créditeur, n.m., creditor.

créditeur, adj. Compte —; creditor’s account.

credo, n.m., (—) creed, belief.

crédule, adj., credulous, easy of belief.

crédulement, adv., with credulity, credulously.

crédulité, n.f., credulity.

créer, v.a., to create; to invent; to imagine; to produce; to beget; to appoint; to establish. — un chevalier; to dub a knight. — une rente; to invest funds for an annuity. Se — des moyens; to find means. Se — des ressources; to find resources.

*crémaillère, n.f., hook, pot-hanger, pot-hook; (horl.) rack; (tech.) rack, toothed rack. La — d’une cric; the rack of a screw-jack. Chaise à —; spring-back chair. Pendre la —; to give a house-warming. Aller pendre la —; to go to a house-warming.

*crémaillon, n.m., small pot-hook.

crémaster, n. and adj. m., (anat.) cremaster.

crémation, n.f., cremation.

crème, n.f., cream; the best part of a thing, the cream. — fouettée; whipt cream. Fromage à la —; cream-cheese. — de tartre; cream of tartar. Pot à —; cream-jug.

crément, n.m., (gram.) increase (of a word).

crémer, v.n., to cream, to gather cream.

crémerie, n.f., milk-shop, dairy.

crémeu-x, -se, adj., creamy.

crémi-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., milkman, milk-woman; dairy man or woman. f., cream-jug, milk-jug.

*crémillée, n.f., ward (of a lock).

crémone, n.m., a Cremona violin.

crémone, n.f., window-fastening, spring.

crénage, n.m., (letter-founding) kerning.

créné, -e, adj., (bot.) crenated, indented.

créneau, n.m., battlement; embrasure; loop-hole.

crénelage, n.m., (coin.) milling.

crénelé, -e, part. adj., (her.) embattled; loop-holed; indented, notched; (of wheels) cogged; (of coins) milled; (bot.) denticulated, crenated.

créneler (kré-n-lé), v.a., to embattle; to loop-hole; to indent, to notch. — une roue; to tooth, to cog, a wheel. — une pièce de monnaie; to mill a piece of money.

crénelure (kré-n-lur), n.f., crenelation; notching; (anat.) indentation; (bot.) crenature; crenel.

créner, v.a., (type-founding) to kern.

crénerie, n.f., (type-founding) kerning.

crénilabre, n.m., (ich.) gold-finny.

crénom, int., by George! by Jove! hang it!

crénon, n.m., first splitting of a block of slate.

crénulé, -e, adj., notched, indentated; crenulate.

crénure, n.f., (print.) hole in the bar of a frame.

créole, n.m.f., Creole; West Indian.

créosote, n.f., (chem.) creosote.

crêpage, n.f., glossing of crape; crisping.

crêpe, n.m., crape; (fig.) vail. Il porte un — à son chapeau; he wears a crape hat-band. — crêpé; crisped crape. — lisse; smooth crape.

crêpe, n.f., pancake.

crêper, v.a., to crisp, to crape, to frizzle. Cheveux crêpés; frizzed hair.

crépi, n.m., rough-cast, parget.

saint-crépin, n.m., Saint Crispin; kit (of a journeyman shoemaker). Perdre son saint-—; to lose one’s all.

crépine, n.f., fringe (woven on the top); caul covering the bowels of sheep. À —; fringy.

crépir, v.a., to parget, to rough-cast, to plaster. — le cuir; to work leather in grain, to pummel a hide on the flesh side. — le crin; to crisp hair.

crépissage, n.m., (mas.) plastering, pargeting, rough-casting.

crépissement, n.m., pargeting, rough-casting; parget.

crépissure, n.f., pargeting, rough-casting.

crépitant, -e, adj., crepitating, crackling.

crépitation, n.f., or crépitement, n.m., crepitation, crackling.

crépodaille or crapaudaille, n.f., thin crape, gauze-crape.

crépon, n.m., crepon, frizette, rouge-puff, hair-pad.

crépu, -e, adj., crisped, frizzled, crisp, crispy, woolly. Les nègres ont les cheveux —s; negroes have woolly hair.

crépusculaire, adj., crepuscular. Lumière —; twilight.

crépuscule, n.m., crepuscule, twilight; dawn. — du soir; owl-light, twilight.

créque, n.f., sloe.

créquier, n.m., sloe tree.

cresane, n.f. V. crassane.

crescendo, adv., (mus.) crescendo.

créseau, n.m., species of woolen stuff, kersey.

cresserelle, n.f. V. crécerelle.

cresson, n.m., cress, cresses, water-cress. — alénois, de jardin; dittander; garden-cress. — doré; golden saxifrage. — des prés; lady’s smock. — sauvage; water-plantain. — de rivière; water-rocket.

cressonnière, n.f., cress-bed.

crésus, n.m., (—) very rich man. C’est un —; he is a very Crœsus.

crétacé, -e, adj., cretaceous.

crête, n.f., crest, tuft, comb of a cock or hen; top-knot; (anat.) ridge; (arch.) ridge; top; bank; coping. — de morue; head-piece (of a cod). Lever la —; to be conceited; to hold one’s head high. Baisser la —; to come down a peg. Rabaisser la — à quelqu’un; to bring anyone down a peg. — d’un fossé; bank on the side of a ditch. — d’une montagne; ridge of a mountain. — d’une grosse vague; crest of a billow. — marine; samphire. — de coq; cock’s-comb; hog’s-ear shell. Crête-de-coq, (—s-—) louse-wort.

crêté, -e, adj., crested, tufted.

crételer, v.n., (of hens) to cackle.

crétin, n.m., (med.) cretin; idiot, dunce. C’est un —; he is a dunce.

crétiniser, v.a., to brutalize, to brutify, to make an idiot of.

se crétiniser, v.r., to become brutified; to become stupid.

crétinisme, n.m., cretinism, idiocy.

crétique, adj., cretic.

crétois, -e, n. and adj., Cretan.

cretonne, n.f., fine linen, long-cloth, cretonne.

cretons, n.m.pl., residuum of melted tallow and kitchen-stuff; graves. — de lard; scrapings.

creusage, n.m., deepening, hollowing; plowing; digging.

creusement (kreuz-mān), n.m., (l.u.) digging; excavation, hollowing, deepening.

creuser, v.a., to dig, to delve; to hollow, to make hollow, to excavate, to scoop out; to sink, to deepen. — la terre; to dig the ground. — un fossé; to dig a ditch. — un puits; to sink a well. — une question; to examine a question thoroughly.

se creuser, v.r., to become hollow. Se — le cerveau; to rack one’s brain.

creuser, v.n., to dig. — sous terre; to dig underground. — bien avant; to dig deep.

creuset, n.m., crucible, melting-pot; (chem.) test, trial. Passer par le —; to assay, to refine.

creux, n.m., hollow, cavity; pit, hole, chasm; gutter, delve; mold; mortar, trough; pit of the stomach. — planté d’arbres; dell planted with trees. — profond dans une mine; groove in a mine. Le — de la main; the hollow of the hand. Il a un bon —; he has a fine bass voice. — d’un vaisseau (nav.); depth of a ship’s hold. — d’une voile; cavity of a sail (which retains the wind).

creu-x, -se, adj., hollow, cavernous; deep; empty, unsubstantial, airy, fantastical, chimerical, extravagant. Des yeux —; eyes sunk in the head. Avoir les joues —ses; to have hollow cheeks. Il a le ventre —; his belly is empty. Un fossé — de trois pieds; a ditch three feet deep. Esprit —; cerveau —; cracked-brain, empty head. Pensées —ses; airy notions. Viande —se; frothy, unsubstantial food. Songer —; to be in a brown study.

crevaille, n.f., guzzling, gormandizing, stuffing; tuck out, blow out.

crevaison, n.m., puncture (bicycle).

crevasse, n.f., crevice, chink, rift, crack; gap, cranny; (vet.) malt-worm, cratches. Des —s aux mains; chaps.

crevasser, v.a., to split, to crack; to chap; to make cracks.

se crevasser, v.r., to crack, to split, to gape, to become chapped.

crevé, n.m., -e, n.f., (l.ex.) very fat man; bloated fellow. Petit —; fast young fellow; one used up, done up.

crevé, n.m., opening, slash (in sleeves).

crève-cœur, n.m., (—) heart-break, heart-breaking thing, heart-sore; heart-rending thing.

crever, v.a., to burst, to break, to split, to crack, to rift, to tear, to rend; to stave in; to cram any one with victuals. — une botte; to burst a boot. — les yeux à quelqu’un; to put out any one’s eyes. — un cheval; to kill a horse. Cela vous crève les yeux; that lies under your very nose (i.e., is obvious, self-evident).

crever, v.n., to burst; to die, to perish. C’est une médecine à faire — un cheval; this medicine is enough to kill a horse. — de graisse; to be extremely fat. — de chaud; to be dying with heat. — de rire; to split one’s sides with laughing. — de faim; to be dying with hunger. — d’orgueil; to be bursting with pride. — de biens; to wallow in wealth.

se crever, v.r., to burst; to kill oneself. Se — de boire et de manger; to cram or stuff till one is ready to burst. Se — de travail; to overwork oneself.

crevet, n.m., stay-lace with tags at both ends.

crevette, n.f., prawn, shrimp.

cri, n.m., cry; scream; screaming; roar, roaring; bawling, howling, yell, yelling, outcry, clamor; whine, whining; squeak, squeaking; opinion. — de joie, — d’allégresse; shout, shouting, hallooing, huzza, acclamation. — aigre, aigu, perçant; scream, shriek, squeak, shrill cry. Les —s des femmes; the squalling of women. — de guerre; watchword. — d’armes; (her.) motto. Jeter un —, faire des —s, pousser un —; to utter a cry, to cry out lustily; to raise an outcry; to complain loudly. Demander à grands —s; to demand with a loud voice. Je poussai un grand —; I shrieked out. Jeter les hauts —s; to cry out. Le — de la nature; the voice of nature. Donner du — à la soie; to sulphur silk. À cor et à —s; with hue and cry. Il n’y a qu’un — sur son compte; there is only one opinion about him.

criage, n.m., public crying.

*criaillement, n.m., act of wrangling; brawling; (of geese) gabbling.

*criailler, v.n., to bawl, to brawl, to cry, to clamor; to scold, to chide; (of geese) to gabble.

*criaillerie, n.f., brawling, clamoring, scolding, wrangling.

*criailleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., brawler, bawler, wrangler; shrew, scold.

criant, -e, adj., crying; glaring, shocking, shameful; noisy. Injustice —e; crying, daring injustice.

criard, -e, adj., crying, bawling, squalling, noisy; brawling, clamorous, scolding; (paint.) discordant; shrill. Dettes —es; dribbling or small debts. Voix —e; shrill voice.

criard, n.m., -e, n.f., brawler, clamorer; scold, shrew.

criarde, n.f., thick gummed cloth; varnished cloth.

criblage, n.m., sifting.

crible, n.m., sieve; riddle. Percé comme un —; as full of holes as a sieve; riddled.

cribler, v.a., to sift, to riddle; to scan, to examine; to pepper (a person). — de coups; to shoot, run, or stab through and through. Criblé de mitraille; riddled with shot. Criblé de dettes; over head and ears in debt.

cribleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., sifter.

cribleu-x, -se, adj., (anat.) pierced like a sieve, sieve-like.

criblier, n.m., sieve-maker.

criblure, n.f., siftings.

cribration, n.f., (chem.) cribration.

cribriforme, adj., cribriform.

cric (krî), n.m., lifting-jack, screw-jack, hand-screw; little ratchet-wheel on which the braces of carriages are fixed. — à baril; tilting-jack.

cric-crac (krik-krak), (onomatopœia) imitation of the creaking noise produced by breaking or tearing.

cricoïde, n.m. and adj., (anat.) cricoid.

cri-cri, n.m., (—-—s) (pop.) (ent.) cricket; (ornith.) bunting.

crid (krid), n.m. V. criss.

criée, n.f., proclamation of sale; auction. Sa maison est en —; his house is to be sold by auction. Audience des —s; auction mart. À la —; by auction.

crier, v.n., to cry, to cry out, to halloo, to shout, to bawl; to scream, to shriek, to screech; to squall, to clamor; to squeak; to call out; to whine, to pule; to complain loudly, to brawl, to exclaim; to scold; to huzza, to talk loudly; to gabble (of geese); to screech (of owls); to troat (of deer); to chirp (of grasshoppers and other insects); to groan (of roe-bucks); to creak (of doors). — aux armes; to cry to arms. — au secours; to call out for help. — au meurtre; to cry out murder. — au voleur; to cry out thief. — au feu; to cry out fire. — à l’injustice; to exclaim against an injustice. — au scandale; to inveigh against a scandal. — gare; to cry out beware! take care. — misère; to plead poverty. — miséricorde; to cry for mercy. — famine; to cry out famine. — à tue-tête, comme un perdu; to cry out; to shriek at the top of one’s voice or as loud as one can. — bien fort; to cry out lustily. Les boyaux lui crient; his bowels rumble. Il crie avant qu’on l’écorche; he cries before he is hurt. Tout le monde crie contre cela; everybody cries out against it.

crier, v.a., to proclaim; to cry; to hawk; to put up for sale; to publish, to blazon. Cet enfant est perdu, il faut le faire —; the child is lost, we must have him cried. Faites — ce paquet de livres; put up this lot of books.

crierie (kri-rî), n.f., bawling, clamor; wrangling; scolding, brawling.

crieu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., bawling man or woman, squaller, bawler; crier; auctioneer; hawker. — public; town-crier.

crime, n.m., crime; sin, transgression, offense, felony; guilt, guiltiness, wickedness, sinfulness. — d’Etat; treason. — de lèse-majesté; high treason. — capital; capital offense, crime; (jur.) felony. — dénaturé; unnatural crime. — abominable; base, foul crime. — qualifié; indictable offense. Faire un — à quelqu’un de; to impute as a crime to any one. Être porté au —; to be prone to crime. Endurci dans le —; hardened in crime.

criminaliser, v.a., to remove a cause from a civil to a criminal court.

criminaliste, n.m., writer on criminal law.

criminalité, n.f., criminality.

criminel, -le, adj., criminal, felonious, guilty, unlawful. Juge —; a judge that tries criminal cases. Chambre —le, cour —le; criminal court.

criminel, n.m., -le, n.f., criminal, culprit, offender, felon. m., criminal affair, proceedings before a criminal court. — d’état; state criminal. Au —; in criminal matters, criminally.

criminellement (-nèl-mān), adv., criminally, culpably, guiltily.

crin, n.m., hair (of the mane and tail of the horse and other animals); horse-hair; abrupt termination of a metallic vein. Un sommier or matelas de —; horse-hair mattress. Se prendre aux —s; to seize one another by the hair. A tous —s; with flowing mane and tail; (fig.) a zealous, indefatigable worker.

crinal, n.m., (surg.) Anel’s probe.

crincrin, n.m., (onomatopœia), screeching fiddle; scraper; scraping (of fiddles).

crinier, n.m., horse-hair worker, chair stuffer.

crinière, n.f., lion’s mane, horse’s mane. Vilaine —; ugly head of hair; shock.

crinoline, n.f., crinoline.

crinon, n.m., crinodes. (pl.)

criocère or porte-croix, (—) n.m., (ent.) crioceris.

crique, n.f., creek, cove; flaw, crack.

criquer, v.n., to crack, to chink (of metals).

criquet, n.m., bad horse, tit; little man; (ent.) gryllus, locust.

crise, n.f., crisis; fit, convulsion. L’affaire est dans sa —; the matter is come to a crisis. — de nerfs; fit of hysteria.

crispation, n.f., crispation, shriveling; thrilling sensation. Donner des —s à quelqu’un; to put any one on thorns.

crisper, v.a., to shrivel, to contract, to make shrink; to thrill, to make thrill, to thrill through; to irritate (the nerves); to give any one the fidgets, to fidget.

se crisper, v.r., to shrivel, to shrivel up.

crispin, n.m., valet (in Molière’s comedies). C’est un —; he looks like a valet. Jouer les —s; (thea.) to perform the parts of valets.

criss, n.m., creese, Malay dagger.

crissement, n.m., grating of the teeth.

crisser, v.n., to grate (of the teeth).

cristal, n.m., (cristaux) crystal. pl., crystal ware, cut glass dishes, — de roche; rock crystal. — de mine; quartz. Le — de l’eau; the limpidity of water. Le Palais de —; the Crystal Palace.

cristallerie (-tèl-rî), n.f., glass-cutting; crystal manufactory; glass-house, glassworks.

cristallier, n.m., glass-cutter.

cristallière, n.f., crystal mine.

cristallin, -e, adj., crystalline; pellucid.

cristallin, n.m., (anat.) crystalline lens; (astron.) crystalline heaven.

☉cristallin, n.m., colored transparent crystals.

cristallisable, adj., crystallizable.

cristallisant, -e, adj., (chem.) crystallizing.

cristallisation, n.f., crystallizing, crystallization.

cristalliser, v.a. and n., to crystallize; to be converted into crystal. — la soie; to let the alum settle upon the silk.

se cristalliser, v.r., to crystallize; to candy.

cristallisoir, n.m., crystallizing-pan, crystallizer.

cristallographie, n.f., crystallography.

cristalloïde, n.f., crystalloid membranous capsule containing the crystalline lens of the eye.

cristallotechnie (-tèk-nî), n.f., art of crystallizing salts.

crístallotomíe, n.f., the art of cutting crystals.

criste-marine, n.f. V. passe-pierre.

criterium (-om), n.m., criterion, standard, test; touchstone. L’évidence est le — de la vérité; evidence is the criterion of truth.

critiquable, adj., that may be criticised, censurable; exceptionable.

critique, n.m., critic; censurer, censorious person, carper. — fâcheux; fault-finder.

critique, n.f., criticism, censure; science of criticism, critique; critical taste. La —; the critics. Faire de la —; to write criticisms. Faire la — d’un ouvrage; to criticise, to review, a work.

critique, adj., critical; censorious, carping, censuring; alarming; ticklish; momentous. Humeur —; censorious temper. Signes —s; critical symptoms. Pouls —; alarming pulse.

critiquer, v.a., to criticise, to examine; to censure, to reflect on, to blame, to find fault with.

critiqueur, -se, n.m.f., criticiser, fault-finder, carper.

croassement (kro-as-mān), n.m., croak, croaking, cawing (of crows).

croasser, v.n., to croak, to caw (of crows).

croate, n.m.f. and adj., Croatian.

croc (krô), n.m., hook; crook, grapnel, drag; fang, tusk; canine tooth; dog-tooth; tooth; (l.u.) curling moustache; (nav.) boat-hook. — de batelier; waterman’s pole. — de candelette; hook of the forecastle. — à trois branches; grapnel with three hooks. — de capon; cat-hook. — de palan; tackle-hook. Mettre, pendre, au —; to put, to lay, on the shelf, to lay by. Mettre les armes au —; to give up the army. Moustaches en —; curling moustache.

croc (krock), n.m., crackling, crackling noise. Faire — sous la dent; to crackle under the teeth.

croc-en-jambe (kro-kān-), n.m., (—s-—) trip up; Cornish hug; dirty trick. Donner un — à quelqu’un; to trip up anyone’s heels; to supplant anyone, to play anyone a dirty trick.

croche, adj., crooked, bent. Avoir la main —; (fig.) to be grasping.

croche, n.f., (mus.) quaver. Double —; semiquaver. Triple —; demi-semiquaver. Quadruple —; hemi-demi-semiquaver. Chanter par —; to semiquaver.

crocher, v.a., to hook; to crook (card-teeth). — l’organeau d’une ancre; to fish up the anchor by the ring. Se —; to have a set-to; to come to blows.

crocher, v.n., (agri.) to produce, to bear. Les arbres crochent bien; the trees are full of bearers.

croches, n.f.pl., smith’s tongs.

crochet, n.m., hook; steelyard; two-pronged hoe; turn (on a road); (surg.) key, crotchet; (erpetology) fang; (arch.) crocket; (anat.) dog-tooth, canine tooth; (dental surg.) wire; ☉heart-breaker (of curls). pl., fangs, tusks; crotchets; braces. — d’une porte; hasp, clasp. Clou à —; tenter-hook. Des ouvrages au —; crotchet-work. Un — de diamants; a crotchet of diamonds. — de chiffonnier; stick with a hook at the end, used by rag-gatherers. Un — de serrurier; a pick-lock. — d’arbre; bearer. Broder au —; to crochet. — de porte-faix; porter’s knot. Être sur les —s de quelqu’un; to live at another person’s expense. Je suis ici sur mes —s; I live here upon my own hook. — d’armes; (nav.) hooks to support the small arms in a cabin. — de retraite; eye-bolts in the train of a gun-carriage. — de bittes; hooks to fasten the cross-piece to the bits. — d’épontilles; hasps of the stanchions between decks.

crochetable, adj., (of locks) pickable.

crochetage (krosh-taj), n.m., porterage, lock-picking.

crocheter (krosh-té), v.a., to pick a lock, to do crochet-work.

se crocheter, v.r., (pop.) to fight (like blackguards).

crocheteur, n.m., porter, street-porter. Injures de —; billingsgate abuse. — de serrure; picklock, housebreaker.

crochetier (-tié), n.m., hook-maker, clasp-maker; maker of porters’ knots.

crocheton, n.m., small hooks; crotchets.

crocheu, n.m., a tool to bend card-teeth,.

crochu, -e, adj., crooked, hooked. Il a les mains —es; he is light-fingered.

crocodile, n.m., crocodile. — d’Amérique; American crocodile, alligator. Larmes de —; hypocritical tears.

crocodiléen, n.m., crocodilian.

crocus (-kus), n.m., crocus, saffron.

croiler or croler, v.n., (hawking) to scour.

croire (croyant, cru), v.a., to believe, to credit, to give credit to; to have faith in, to trust to, to place reliance on; to be advised, persuaded; to think; to deem; to presume, to be of opinion. Je le crois bien; I really believe it. Je n’en crois rien; I don’t believe a word of it. Il le croit bonnement; he fairly believes it. Il ne croit point; he has no belief. — une chose trop légèrement; to believe something too easily. — conseil; to be advised. À l’en croire, tout est perdu; if he is to be believed, all is lost. J’en crois à peine mes yeux; I can hardly believe my eyes. S’il faut en — les apparences; if appearances are to be trusted. Je crois pouvoir le faire; I think I can do it. Croyez-vous qu’il le fasse? do you think he will do it? Je crois qu’il le fera; I think he will do it. Croyez-vous qu’il le fera? do you think he will do it? Je ne le crois pas; I do not think he will. Il est à — qu’il le veut ainsi; it is to be presumed that he will have it so.

croire, v.n., to believe, to have faith in, to be a believer; to trust; to credit; to be of opinion; to think; to consider. — en Dieu; to believe in God. — aux revenants; to believe in ghosts. — aux miracles; to believe in miracles. Je crois bien; I should think so! no wonder! Je crois que non; I believe not. C’est à ne pas y —; it is past belief.

se croire, v.r., to think or believe one’s self, to consider one’s self; to be believed, to be credible. Cet homme se croit habile; that man thinks himself skillful. Cela peut se —; it is credible. Il s’en croit beaucoup; he thinks a great deal of himself. Il se croit tout permis; he thinks he may do anything.

croisade, n.f., crusade; (astron.) Southern Cross, Crosier.

croisé, -e, part., crossed; cross (of the breeds of animals); twilled, double-milled (of cloth); (min.) promiscuous. Serge —e; kersey. Demeurer, se tenir, les bras —s; to sit with folded arms, to do nothing. Avoir les jambes —es; to sit cross-legged. Feux —s; cross fire. Rimes —s; alternate rhymes.

croisé, n.m., Crusader; twill; crossing (a step in dancing). Chassé —; (fig.) change of places.

croisée, n.f., window; casement, sash; (arch.) cross-aisle, transept; (print.) cross. — cintrée; arched window. —s d’ogives; pointed arches. — de l’ancre; cross of the anchor.

croisement (croaz-mān), n.m., act of crossing; crossing; cross-breeding (of animals).

croiser, v.a., to cross, to lay across or cross-wise, to set across, to cross out, to strike out, to efface; to thwart; to cross (breeds of animals). — quelqu’un; to cross one in his designs. Des races croisées; mixed breeds. Je l’ai croisé dans la rue; I passed him in the street.

croiser, v.n., to lap over; to cruise. — sur une côte; to cruise along a coast.

se croiser, v.r., to cross each other, to be crossed, to lie athwart each other; to intersect each other; to thwart one another; to take up the cross, to engage in the holy war. Ces deux courriers se sont croisés; these two messengers passed each other on the way.

croisette, n.f., crosswort; (her.) cresslet; (nav.) pin or bolt used as a fid to a flag-staff. — noire, grosse —; (bot.) cheese-rennet, ladies’ bed-straw.

croiseur, n.m., cruiser.

croisière, n.f., (nav.) cruise, cruising squadron; cruising latitude; sort of tool to mark sea-biscuit; (railways) intersection of two lines, siding.

*croisille, n.f., cross-piece.

*croisillon, n.m., cross-bar; sash-bar.

croissance, n.f., growth, increase; vegetation. — entière; full growth. Arrêter dans sa —; to stunt the growth of. Avoir pris toute sa —; to be full-grown.

croissant, n.m., crescent, the moon in her increase; short bout (of a violin); pruning-hook; hedge-bill, hedging-bill; (ich.) moon-fish; curtain-pin (in the form of a crescent). En —; lunated. Les cornes du —; the horns of the crescent. L’empire du —; the Crescent. — de cheminée; chimney-hook. — de pic or de gui; (nav.) throat or jaw of the gaff.

croissant, -e, adj., growing, increasing.

croisure, n.f., the length of the yards (of a ship); coat-staves; crossing, mill (in stuffs); (poet.) intermixture, mingling.

croît, n.m., increase (from breeding); growth.

croître (croissant, crû), v.n., to grow, to wax, to grow up, to grow tall, to spring up; to augment, to increase; to lengthen; to swell or swell out, to be swollen; to multiply, to be multiplied or increased; to be grown; to sprout, to shoot. — trop rapidement; to outgrow, to overgrow. Les jours commencent à —; the days begin to lengthen, to draw out. Elle ne fait que — et embellir; she grows handsomer every day.

croix, n.f., cross mark; rood; affliction, trouble, tribulation; star; (coin.) cross; (print.) dagger; (her.) cross. Sainte —; holy rood. Les bras d’une —; the bars of a cross. Mettre quelque chose en —; to put a thing cross-wise. Avoir les jambes en —; to sit cross-legged. Faire le signe de la —; to cross one’s self. On est allé au-devant de lui avec la — et la bannière; they went to meet him with cross and banner, with great ceremony. Il faut faire une — à la cheminée; we must make a cross on the chimney, we must score that up. Jouer à — et à pile; to play at head and tail, at pitch and toss. — de par Dieu, de Jésus; cross-row, criss-cross-row, primer, horn-book, alphabet. — de Saint André or de Bourgogne; St. Andrew’s-cross, saltier (her.). — de Saint Antoine; St. Anthony’s-cross. — de Lorraine; cross with two bars. Grand-—; knight grand-cross. Croix de chevalier; (bot.) caltrops, tribulus. — de Jérusalem; (bot.) lychnis Chalcedonica. — sur les câbles; (nav.) cross in the hawse. Mettre les vergues en —; to square the yards. — du Sud, — australe (astron.); Southern Cross, Crosier.

cromlech, n.m., (—s) cromlech.

cromorne, n.f., (mus.) krumhorn, cremona.

crône, n.m., (nav.) wheel-crane (on a wharf).

croquade, n.f., (paint.) rough sketch.

croquant, n.m., poor wretch, fellow; countryman; gristle. pl., name given to French peasants who rebelled under Henri IV and Louis XIII.

croquant, -e, adj., crisp, crackling, short, craunching. Biscuit —; hard biscuit. Caractère —; crispness.

croquante, n.f., crisp-tart; almond-cake. à la croque-au-sel, adv., with salt only; (fig.) as easily as possible.

croque-abeilles, n.m., titmouse.

croque en bouche, n.m., crisp sweetmeat; crisp cake.

☉croque-lardon, n.m.f., (—-—s) lick-spittle; (l.ex.) lick-dish, spunger; dinner-hunter.

croque-mitaine, n.m., (—-—s) old bogey, black bogey, bugbear.

croque-mort, n.m., (—-—s) undertaker’s man.

croque-note, n.m., (—-—s) sorry musician, scraper, strummer, crochet-monger.

croquer, v.n., to crackle between the teeth, to craunch, to scrunch. Être gentil à —; to be as pretty as you like.

croquer, v.a., to craunch; to devour, to eat hastily; to make the first sketch or rough draught of a drawing or picture, to sketch; to filch, to pilfer; (nav.) to hook or grapple anything. Il n’a fait que — ce poème; he has only written a sketch of the poem. — le marmot; to dance attendance.

croque-sol, n.m., (—-—s). V. croque-note.

croquet, n.m., crisp biscuit.

croquette, n.f., (cook.) croquette.

croqueur, n.m., devourer, gormandizer, glutton; (l.ex.) greedy-gut, greedy-guts.

*croquignole, n.f., fillip; cracknel.

*croquignoler, v.a., to fillip.

croquis, n.m., (paint.) rough draft, outline, sketch. Cahier de —; sketch-book. Faire le — d’une figure; to sketch a figure.

crosse, n.f., (of bishops) crosier; (of muskets) but-end; bat (to play with); cricket (game). Jouer à la —; to play at cricket.

crossé, -e, adj., crosiered. Un abbé — et mitré; a crosiered and mitred abbot.

crosser, v.a., to beat; to scold, to treat any one with contempt; to strike a ball with a bat.

crosser, v.n., to play at cricket; to bat.

crossette, n.f., (agri.) layer; (arch.) return, ear, elbow, ancone.

crosseur, n.m., cricket-player, cricketer, hockey-player.

*crossillon, n.m., the curled end of the crosier.

crotale, n.m., (antiq.) crotalum; (zoöl.) rattle-snake.

crotaphite, adj., n.m., (anat.) crotaphite.

crotte, n.f., dirt, mud, mire; dung. Il fait bien de la —; it is very dirty. Être dans la —; to be in a state of squalid misery. —s de brebis; treadles of sheep. —s de lapins; crotels of a rabbit. — de renard; scumber.

crotté, -e, part., dirty, muddy, squalid; wretched, sorry. — comme un barbet; as dirty as a pig. Un poète —; a paltry poet. Il fait bien — dans les rues; the streets are very dirty. — jusqu’à l’échine; with mud up to the eyes; draggle-tailed.

crotter, v.a., to dirt, to dirty, to bemire; to daggle, to draggle, to bedraggle; to splash, to spatter, to bespatter. Se —; to dirty one’s self; to get dirty; to draggle.

crottin, n.m., dung (of horses, sheep, etc.).

crou, n.m., (geol.) sandy, clayey soil.

crouchaut, n.m., crotch, floor-timbers of a boat or ship.

croulant, -e, adj., sinking, crumbling, ready to fall, tottering; tumbledown.

croulement (krool-mān), n.m., sinking, falling in or down (of a building); ruin.

crouler, v.n., to sink, to give way, to fall, to fall in, to crumble, to ruin; to go to ruin.

crouler, v.a., (nav.) to launch; (hunt.) to wag (said of stags when they are frightened). Le cerf croule la queue; the stag wags his tail.

☉se crouler, v.r., to fail in an enterprise; (fig.) to sink.

crouli-er, -ère, adj., quaggy, boggy, swampy, moving, shifting (of land).

croup (kroop), n.m., (med.) croup.

croupade, n.f., (man.) croupade.

croupal, -e, adj., pertaining to the croup; croupal.

croupe, n.f., croup, crupper, the buttocks (of a horse), rump; top or brow of a hill; (arch.) hip-roof; body (of an edifice). Cheval à — de mulet; narrow-rumped horse. Être, aller, monter, en —; to ride behind another. — d’église; half-cylinder roof. En —; behind.

croupé, -e, adj., with a rump, crupper. Cheval bien —; horse with a fine crupper.

☉à croupeton, adv., squatting.

croupi, -e, adj., stagnant, putrid, ditch (water). De l’eau —e; stagnant water, ditch-water.

croupiader, v.n., to cast anchor by the stern-cable.

croupier, n.m., croupier (at a gaming-table); partner (of a gambler).

croupière, n.f., saddle-tie, crupper; (nav.) stern-cable, stern-fast. Tailler des —s à quelqu’un; to cut out work for anyone; (milit.) to put to flight. Mouiller en —; to cast anchor by the stern.

croupion, n.m., rump. Parlement —; the Rump Parliament.

croupir, v.n., to stagnate; to lie, to wallow, to be sunk in. — dans le vice; to wallow in sin. — dans l’oisiveté; in idleness.

croupissant, -e, adj., standing, stagnating, putrescent.

croupissement, n.m., standing still, stagnation, putrefaction.

croupon, n.m., square hide, butt.

croustade, n.f., dish prepared with crusts.

croustillant, -e, adj., crisp, crusty.

*croustille, n.f., little crust, crust.

*croustiller, v.n., to bite, eat, or gnaw a crust, to munch.

*croustilleusement, adv., (fam., l.u.) comically, with mirth, pleasantly; smuttily.

*croustilleu-x, -se, adj., (fam., l.u.) droll, funny; smutty. Des contes —x; smutty tales.

croûte, n.f., crust; cake; coarse painting, daub; (med.) scab, scurf. La — de dessous; the under-crust. Casser une — avec quelqu’un; to take a crust with any one. Ne manger que des —s; to fare badly.

croûté, -e, adj., crusted, caked, crusty.

croûtelette (kroo-tlèt), n.f., little crust.

se croûter, v.r., to cake, to crust.

croûtier (-tīé), n.m., picture-broker, dealer in daubs or coarse paintings; dauber.

croûton, n.m., small crust; wretched dauber; (cook.) sippet.

croyable, adj., credible, believable, to be believed or credited; like, likely; reliable. Cela n’est pas —; that is not likely.

croyance, n.f., belief, creed, faith, persuasion; opinion; trust, credit. Fausse —; misbelief. La — des chrétiens; the belief of the Christians. La — des juifs; the Jewish creed. Cela passe toute —; that surpasses all belief.

croyant, n.m., -e, n.f., believer. Les vrais —s; true believers.

cru, n.m., growth; invention; making, fabrication. Boire du vin de son —; to drink wine of one’s own growth. Vin du —; wine of the country. Des fruits d’un bon —; fruit of a good soil. Cela n’est pas de son —; that thing is not of his own invention.

cru, -e, adj., raw, crude, uncooked; indigestible; unwrought, hard, blunt, harsh, coarse, rough; indecent, smutty, obscene, bawdy; undigested, unconcocted; stiff. Tout —; quite raw. Cuir —; undressed leather. Soie —e; raw silk. Métal —; raw metal, ore. Eau —e; hard water. Couleur —e; stiff color. Une lumière —e; a hard light.

à cru, adv., on the bare skin, next the skin. Botté or chaussé à —; wearing boots without stockings. Monter à cheval à —; to ride a horse bare-backed.

cruauté, n.f., cruelty, hardship. User de —; to be guilty of cruelty.

cruche, n.f., pitcher, jar, jug; stupid person, blockhead, booby, lout, dolt. Tant va la — à l’eau qu’à la fin elle se casse; the pitcher goes to the well once too often.

cruchée, n.f., pitcherful, jugful, jarful.

crucherie, n.f., (fam.) stupidity, silliness. Vous ne dites que des —s; you only talk utter nonsense.

cruchette, n.f. V. cruchon.

cruchon, n.m., little pitcher.

crucial, -e, adj., crucial, cross-like.

crucifère, n.f. and adj., (bot.) cruciferous plant; cruciferous. pl., cruciferæ.

crucifiement or crucifîment (-mān), n.m., crucifixion.

crucifier, v.a., to crucify.

crucifix (-fi), n.m., crucifix, cross. Mangeur de —; great bigot. Galerie du —; rood-loft. Faire le demi —; (pop.) to beg.

crucifixion, n.f., crucifixion.

cruciforme, adj., cross-shaped, cross-like, cruciform.

crudité, n.f., crudity, crudeness, rawness; coarse expression; offensive, harsh words; (paint.) stiffness, crudeness; (of water) hardness.

crue, n.f., rise, swelling; growth, growing; increase, flood, inundation. La — des eaux; the swelling of the waters. — de mer; surge of the sea. Cet arbre a pris toute sa —; that tree has attained its full growth.

cruel, -le, adj., cruel, merciless, pitiless, ruthless, hard-hearted; relentless, remorseless; sanguinary, murderous, bloodthirsty; hard, inflexible, flinty; grievous, sad, tormenting. Il fait le —; he acts a cruel part. Elle n’est pas —le; she is not hard-hearted.

cruel, n.m., -le, n.f., cruel one.

cruellement (-èl-mān), adv., cruelly, barbarously; unmercifully, mercilessly, pitilessly, ruthlessly, grievously, severely, sorely.

☉cruentation, n.f., (med.) cruentation.

crûment, adv., bluntly, coarsely, roughly, inconsiderately, crudely.

cruor, n.m., (physiology) cruor.

crural, -e, adj., (anat.) crural.

crustacé, -e, adj., crustaceous.

crustacé, n.m., crustacean.

cruzade, n.f., cruzado, cruzade (Portuguese coin).

crypte, n.f., crypt. n.m., (bot., anat.) crypt.

cryptogame, n.f., (bot.) aphrodite, cryptogam.

cryptogame, adj., (bot.) cryptogamous.

cryptogamie, n.f., (bot.) cryptogamia.

cryptographie, n.f., cryptography.

cryptographique, adj., cryptographical.

crypto-portique, n.m., (—-—s) (arch.) cryptoporticus.

crystal. V. cristal.

c-sol-ut, n.m., (mus.) C. Cet air est en —; this tune is in C.

ct (ab. of courant), inst. (instant).

cᵗᵉ (ab. of comte), earl.

cᵗᵉˢˢᵉ (ab. of comtesse), countess.

cu, n.m., (very l.ex.) V. cul.

cubage, n.m., or cubature, n.f., cubature.

cubation, n.f., cubature.

cube, n.m., (geom., arith.) cube. Le — de deux est huit; the cube of 2 is 8.

cube, adj., (arith., geom.) cubic.

cubèbe, n.m., cubeba.

cuber, v.a., (geom., arith.) to cube.

cubilot, n.m., (metal.) cupola.

cubique, adj., (arith., geom.) cubic, cubical. Racine —; cube root.

cubital, -e, adj., (anat.) cubital, ulnar.

cubitus (-tus), n.m., (anat.) cubitus.

cuboïde, n.m., (anat.) cuboid.

cucubale, n.m., (bot.) cucubalus, berry-bearing campion.

cucuje, n.m., (zoöl.) corn-beetle, luminous-beetle.

cucurbitacé, -e, adj., cucurbitaceous.

cucurbitacée, n.f., (bot.) cucurbitaceous plant. pl., cucurbitaceæ.

cucurbite, n.f., (chem.) cucurbit.

cueillage (keu-iaj), n.m., act of gathering, picking.

*cueille (keu), n.f., (agri.) gathering of fruit; (nav.) width of sail-cloth.

*cueillette (keu-iet), n.f., gathering; crop; nutting (fruit); (nav.) mixed cargo; collection of money for the poor.

*cueilleu-r (keu-ieur), n.m., -se, n.f., gatherer.

*cueillir (keu-), (cueillant, cueilli, je cueille), v.a., to cull, to pick, to pluck; to gather; to take up; (nav.) to coil. — des fleurs; to pluck flowers. — des lauriers; to gather laurels.

*cueilloir (keu-), n.m., fruit-basket.

cuider, n.m., fruit-basket.

cuiller or cuillère (ku-lièr), n.f., spoon. — à soupe; soup-ladle. — à café; tea-spoon. — à bouche; table-spoon. — à dessert; dessert-spoon. — à ragoût; gravy-ladle. Elever à la —; to bring up by hand.

*cuillerée (ku-), n.f., spoonful, ladleful. Grande — or — à bouche; tablespoonful. Petite — or — à café; teaspoonful.

*cuilleriste, n.m., spoon maker.

*cuilleron, n.m., bowl of a spoon.

cuir, n.m., hide, skin, leather; strop; slip of the tongue, i.e., pronouncing s for t, and vice versa, at the end of words, or using these letters unnecessarily; as: Il est sorti zhier, j’étaità la campagne, for Il est sorti hier, j’étais à la campagne. —s bruts; raw hides. —s apprêtés; dressed hides. — à rasoir or à repasser; razor-strop. Faire du — d’autrui large courroie; to make free with other people’s money. Tanner le — à quelqu’un; to give any one a hiding. Pester entre — et chair; to fume inwardly. Faire des —s en parlant; to pronounce final s instead of final t, and vice versa; or to sound s or t when there is none at the end of words, i.e.: to drop one’s h’s. — de Russie; Russian leather.

cuirasse, n.f., cuirass, breast-plate, armor-plate, shell. — à l’épreuve du mousquet; ball-proof cuirass. Le défaut de la —; the extremity of or break in the armor, vulnerable part. On lui a trouvé le défaut de la —; we have found his weak side. Endosser la —; to turn soldier.

cuirassé, -e, adj., armed with a cuirass, armor-plated, iron-cased; ready armed; hardened; secret, close. Il est —; he is prepared for anything, he is incapable of feeling remorse. Vaisseau —; iron-clad ship, iron-clad.

cuirassement, n.m., armor-plating.

cuirasser, v.a., to arm with a cuirass; to iron-plate (nav.); to steel, to harden, to season.

se cuirasser, v.r., to put on a cuirass; to harden or fortify one’s self.

cuirassier, n.m., cuirassier.

cuire (cuisant, cuit), v.a., to cook, to do; to boil; to bake; to roast; to broil, to grill; to dress, to prepare; to stew; to burn (of the sun); to ripen; (physiology) to concoct, to digest. — la viande; to do the meat. — trop; to overdo. — des briques; to burn bricks. — à l’eau; to boil. Faire — des œufs; to boil eggs.

cuire, v.n., to be cooked, to be done; to be burned; to bake; to broil; to boil; to smart, to burn. La main me cuit; my hand smarts. Vous viendrez — à mon four; you will want me some day, and then I shall be even with you. Il vous en cuira; you shall smart for it.

cuirer, v.a., to cover in leather.

cuisage, n.m., burning; charring.

cuisant, -e, adj., easy to cook; sharp, smarting; piercing, exquisite; severe; poignant. Douleur —e; violent pain.

cuisier, n.m., brick-burner.

cuisine, n.f., kitchen; cookery; the cooks; spice-box; fare, living; (nav.) cuddy, caboose, galley. — bourgeoise; plain living; homely fare. Graisses de —; kitchen stuff. Être chargé de —; to be monstrously fat. Faire la —; to cook, to dress victuals. Chef de —; master-cook. Aide de —; under-cook. Fille de —; kitchen-maid.

cuisiner, v.n., to cook, to dress victuals.

cuisinier, n.m., cook, man-cook.

cuisinière, n.f., cook, woman-cook; Dutch oven, meat-screen.

cuissard, n.m., cuish (armor); (surg.) thigh-piece.

cuisse, n.f., thigh; (of meat) rump; leg (of poultry).

cuisse-madame, n.f., (—-—s) sort of pear.

cuisson, n.f., dressing (of victuals); cooking (baking, boiling, roasting, &c.); smart (pain). Ressentir une —; to feel a smarting pain.

cuissot, n.m., haunch (of venison).

cuistre, n.m., college-fag; college-scout; vulgar, pedantic fellow.

cuit, -e, part., cooked, done, roasted, boiled, baked; (fig.) done for, dished. Cela est trop —; that is done too much, overdone (of meat). — au four; baked. — à point; done to a turn.

cuite, n.f., baking; burning (of bricks, etc.); (manu.) boiling.

cuivre, n.m., copper, brass. — jaune; brass. — rouge; copper. — vierge; native copper. — battu; wrought copper. — fondu; cast copper. — en barres; bar copper. — en planches; sheet copper. Fonte de —; pig copper. —s; brass instruments.

cuivré, -e, adj., copper-colored; (fig.) ringing, clear, sonorous.

cuivrer, v.a., to cover with sheet copper, to copper.

cuivrerie, n.f., copper wares, brass-wares.

cuivreu-x, -se, adj., coppery.

cul (ku), n.m., (very l.ex.) breech; backside; posterior; rump; bottom; tail (of carts); top; cylinder head (mech.). — par-dessus tête; head over heels. Donner du pied au — à quelqu’un; to kick any one. Être à —; not to know what to do. Faire le — de poule; to pout. — de basse-fosse; dungeon. —-de-jatte, (—s-—) cripple (seated on a wooden bowl). —-de-lampe, (—s-—) (arch.) bracket, pendant; (print.) tail-piece. — de porc, (nav.) wall-knot. —-de-sac, (—s-—) blind alley. —-de-four, (—s-—) (arch.) demi-cupola. —-blanc, (—s-—s) (orni.) wheat-ear, white-tail, fallow-chat, fallow-finch; snipe.

culasse, n.f., breech (of a cannon, musket, etc.); pavilion (of diamonds).

culbutant, n.m., (orni.) tumbler.

culbute, n.f., somersault; ruin, failure, bankruptcy; fall, tumble, somersault. Faire la —; to turn a somersault. Au bout du fossé la —; look before you leap.

culbuter, v.a., to throw down, to throw down headlong; to overthrow, to ruin, to upset; to make any one, anything, tumble down; to do for. Cette entreprise l’a culbuté; this enterprise has ruined him.

culbuter, v.n., to fall head over heels.

culbutis, n.m., confused heap; jumble.

culée, n.f., abutment (of bridges); tail (of a hide); (nav.) stern-way.

culer, v.n., to fall astern, to make stern-way; to veer (of the wind). Scier à —; to back water.

culeron, n.m., (saddlery) crupper-loop.

culière, n.f., gutter-stone, kennel-stone, breech of harness, hind girth.

culinaire, adj., culinary.

culmifère, adj., (bot.) culmiferous.

culminant, adj., culminating; prominent. Point —; culminating point, top, summit.

culmination, n.f., culmination.

culminer, v.n., (astron.) to culminate.

culot, n.m., youngest bird (of a brood); youngest (of a family), last born; youngest member of a society; bottom (of lamps, crucibles, etc.); residuum. Le — d’une pipe; black at the bottom of a pipe-plug.

culotte, n.f., small clothes, breeches; rump (of an ox, a pigeon). — de bœuf; rump of beef. — de peau; leather breeches; (fig.) old retired officer.

culotter, v.a., to breech, to put in breeches; to color (pipe).

se culotter, v.r., to put on one’s breeches; to get colored (pipe).

culottier, n.m., breeches-maker.

☉culottin, n.m., newly-breeched boy; tight breeches.

culpabilité, n.f., guilt; culpability.

culte, n.m., creed; religion; worship; adoration; veneration, honor, love, respect, cultivation. Rendre un — à; to worship.

cultivable, adj., cultivable, arable.

cultivat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., husbandman, farmer, grower, agriculturist.

cultivat-eur, -rice, adj., agricultural.

cultivation, n.f., cultivation.

cultiver, v.a., to cultivate; to till; to improve; to inform; to exercise, to practice; to cultivate the acquaintance of.

culture, n.f., culture; cultivation; tillage, husbandry; growth; education, improvement. Être sans —; to be or lie fallow. La petite —; farming on a small scale; raising of poultry, etc.

cumin, n.m., (bot.) cumin. — des prés; caraway seed.

cumul, n.m., accumulation, junction; plurality of offices or places, pluralism.

cumulard, n.m., (fam. b.s.) pluralist, place-man.

cumulati-f, -ve, adj., accumulative.

cumulativement (-tiv-mān), adv., by accumulation.

cumuler, v.a., to accumulate, to cumulate.

cumuler, v.n., to be a pluralist of offices, to hold several offices.

se cumuler, v.r., to be held at the same time.

cunéaire, adj., cuneate, cuneated.

cunéiforme, adj., cuneiform.

cunette, n.f., (fort.) cunette.

cupide, adj., covetous, greedy, grasping.

cupidité, n.f., cupidity; covetousness; concupiscence, lust.

cupidon, n.m., (myth.) Cupid, Love. Vieux —; old beau.

cupulaire, adj., cup-shaped.

cupule, n.f., (bot.) cupule; cup (of acorns).

curabilité, n.f., curableness.

curable, adj., that may be healed, curable.

curaçao (ku-ra-so), n.m., Curaçoa.

curage, n.m., cleansing, cleaning (of harbors, sewers, &c.); (bot.) water-pepper.

curare, n.m., curare, arrow-poison.

curatelle, n.f., guardianship, trusteeship.

curat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., curator, curatrix, trustee; committee.

curati-f, -ve, adj., curative.

curatif, n.m., curative agent.

curation, n.f., (med.) treatment.

curcuma, n.m., (bot.) curcuma, turmeric.

cure, n.f., cure, healing; living, benefice, parsonage, rectory; ☉care. N’en avoir —; to pay no heed to.

curé, n.m., rector, vicar. C’est Gros Jean qui en remontre à son —; the clerk wants to teach the parson. Monsieur le —; your reverence.

cure-dents, n.m., (—-—) tooth-pick.

curée, n.f., (hunt.) quarry; (fig.) prey, booty; feast; scramble. Mettre en —; to flesh the dogs, to feed them. Les chiens sont en —; the dogs are being fed.

cure-langue, n.m., (—-—s) tongue-scrape.

curement, n.m., cleansing, cleaning (of harbors, sewers).

cure-môle, n.m., (—-—s) dredging-machine.

cure-oreilles, n.m., (—-—) ear-pick.

cure-pieds, n.m., (—-—) horse-picker; hoof-pick.

curer, v.a., to cleanse, to clean out (harbors, sewers); to pick (the teeth, the ears). Se — les dents; to pick one’s teeth.

curette, n.f., scraper, scoop.

cureur, n.m., cleanser (of harbors, sewers).

curial, -e, adj., vicarial, rectorial. Maison —e; parsonage-house.

curiale, n.m., (antiq.) member of the curia.

curie, n.f., ward; (antiq.) curia.

curieusement (-eûz-mān), adv., curiously, inquisitively; carefully; minutely.

curieu-x, -se, adj., curious; inquisitive; prying; fond of; careful; nice; particular; rare, singular. Il est — de tableaux; he is fond of pictures.

curieu-x, n.m., -se, n.f., inquisitive person, spectator, looker-on; virtuoso; curious fact. Le — de la chose est; the curious part of the thing is.

curion, n.m., (antiq.) curio.

curiosité, n.f., curiosity; inquisitiveness; rarity; care; taste for. Par —; out of curiosity.

curoir, n.m., plow-scraper.

curseur, n.m., (math.) cursor, slider, slide, index.

cursi-f, -ve, adj., cursive; running; cursory.

cursivement, adv., cursorily.

curule, adj., curule. Chaise —; curule chair.

curure, n.f., dirt, sewage.

curvati-f, -ve, adj. (bot.) slightly curved.

*curviligne, adj., curvilineal.

curvirostre, adj., (orni.) curvirostral, hook-billed.

cuscute, n.f., (bot.) dodder.

cuspide, n.f., cuspis, cusp.

cuspidé, -e, adj., (bot.) cuspidate.

cussoné, -e, adj., (tech.) worm-eaten, weeviled.

custode, n.f., pyx-cover; curtain of the high altar; holster-cap; ☉curtain. Sous la —; in private.

custode, n.m., warden, keeper, curator.

cutané, -e, adj., cutaneous.

cuticule, n.f., (anat., bot.) cuticle.

cutter (-tèr), n.m., (—s) (nav.) cutter.

cuvage, n.m., (tech.) fermenting (of wine); place where wine is fermented.

cuve, n.f., tub, vat, copper. — de brasseur; brewing-vat. — matière; mash-tub. Fossé a fond de cuve; (fort.) flat-bottomed ditch. À fond de —; (fig.) thoroughly, exhaustively. — de bain; bathing-tub.

cuveau, n.m., small vat, small tub; (min.) corf, cage, kiddle-outright.

cuvée, n.f., tubful; vatful; (fam.) sort, kind, quality. En voici d’une autre —; here’s one of another sort for you.

cuvelage (kuv-laj), n.m., lining, casing; tubbing (mines).

cuveler (kuv-lé), v.a., to tub (mines); to line, to case.

cuver, v.n., to work, to ferment, to settle.

cuver, v.a., to appease; to calm; to sleep off the effects of wine. — son vin; to sleep one’s self sober.

cuvette, n.f., wash-hand basin; basin, cistern (of barometers, steam-engines); (fort.) cuvette. Montre à —; capped watch.

cuvier, n.m., wash-tub.

cyame, n.m., (e.) whale-louse.

cyanate, n.m., (chem.) cyanate.

cyanhydrique, adj., (chem.) hydrocyanic, prussic.

cyanogène, n.m., (chem.) cyanogen.

cyanomètre, n.m., (phys.) cyanometer.

cyanure, n.m., (chem.) cyanide.

cyathe, n.m., (antiq.) cyathus.

cyclamen (-me-n), n.m., (bot.) cyclamen, sow-bread.

cycle, n.m., cycle; (liter.) period.

cyclique, adj., cyclical.

cycloïdal, -e, adj., cycloidal.

cycloïde, n.f., (geom.) cycloid.

cyclométrie, n.f., cyclometry.

cyclone, n.m., tornado.

cyclope, n.m., Cyclops.

cyclopéen, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., cyclopean.

*cygne, n.m., swan. Jeune —; cygnet. (fig.) Le — Thébain; Pindar. Le — de Mantoue; Virgil. Le — de Cambrai; Fénelon.

cylindracé, -e, adj., (bot.) cylindraceous.

cylindrage, n.m., mangling (of linen).

cylindre, n.m., cylinder; roller; garden-roller; mangle, calender; barrel; rundle. Passer au —; to pass through the mangle.

cylindrer, v.a., to calender; to roll. — les allées d’un jardin; to roll the paths of a garden.

cylindrique, adj., cylindric.

cylindroïde, n.m., cylindroid.

cymaise, n.f. V. cimaise.

cymbalaire, n.f., ivy-leaved toad-flax.

cymbale, n.f., cymbal.

cymbalier, n.m., cymbal-player.

cymbiforme, adj., (bot.) cymbiform.

cyme, n.m., (bot.) cyme. V. cime.

cymrique, n.m. and adj., Kymric.

cynanche or cynancie, n.f., (med.) cynanche.

cynanque, n.m., (bot.) dog’s-bane.

cynégétique, n.f., cynegetics. adj., relating to hunting and dogs.

cynips, n.m., (ent.) cynips.

cynique, adj., cynical, snarling, snappish; impudent, barefaced, indecent.

cynique, n.m., cynic.

cynisme, n.m., cynicism.

cynocéphale, n.m., (zoöl.) cynocephalus.

cynoglosse, n.f., (bot.) cynoglossum, hound’s-tongue.

cynorrhodon, n.m., (bot.) hip.

cynosure, n.f., (bot.) cynosurus; (astron.) Cynosure, Little Bear.

cyprès, n.m., cypress, cypress-tree; cypress-wood.

cyprière, n.f., cypress-grove.

cypripède, n.m., (bot.) lady’s-slipper.

cyrénaïque, adj., cyrenaic. n.m., cyrenaic philosopher.

cyrillien or cyrillique, adj. Alphabet —; the Slavonic alphabet invented in the 9th century by St. Cyrillus.

cystique, adj., (anat.) cystic.

cystite, n.f., (med.) cystitis.

cystocèle, n.f., (med.) cystocele.

cystotome, n.m., (surg.) an instrument to cut into the bladder.

cystotomie, n.f., cystotomy.

cytarexylon, n.m., (bot.) fiddle-wood.

cytise, n.m., (bot.) cytisus, bean-trefoil.

cyzicène, n.m., (Grec. antiq.) guest-chamber.

czar (gzar), n.m., czar.

czarien, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., of the czar.

czarine, n.f., czarina.

czarowitz, n.m., czarowitz.