Heath's French and English dictionary

by Jean Louis de Lolme

D

d, n.m., the fourth letter of the alphabet, d.

d’, ab. of de.

dà, particle, truly, indeed. Oui-dà; yes, forsooth. Nenni-dà, non-dà; no, indeed; no, forsooth.

da-capo, adv., (mus.) da capo.

dactyle, n.m., (poet.) dactyl; (bot.) orchard-grass.

dactylographe, n.m., type-writer, typist.

dactylographie, n.f., dactylography, type-writing.

dactylique, adj., dactylic.

dactylologie, n.f., dactylology.

dactyloptère, adj., (ich.) finger-finned.

dactyloptère, n.m., dactylopterus, flying-fish.

dada, n.m., horse, cock-horse; hobby, hobby-horse. Aller à —; to ride a cock-horse. Être sur son —; to indulge in one’s hobby.

dadais, n.m., booby, clown, ninny.

☉dagorne, n.f., one-horned cow; hag.

dague (dag), n.f., dagger, dirk. pl., tusks (of a wild boar); first horns (of a two-year old deer).

daguer (da-ghé), v.a., to stab; (hunt.) to rut.

daguerréotype (da-ghér-), n.m., daguerreotype.

daguet (da-ghé), n.m., (hunt.) brocket, pricket.

dahlia, n.m., dahlia.

*daigner, v.n., to deign, to be graciously pleased, to condescend, to vouchsafe.

*d’ailleurs. V. ailleurs.

daim (din), n.m., deer, fallow-deer; buck.

daine (dèn or di-n), n.f., doe.

daintiers (-tié), n.m.pl., (hunt.) dowcets.

dais, n.m., canopy; dais, platform.

dalème, n.f., self-consuming stove.

dallage, n.m., paving with flag-stones, flagging.

dalle, n.f., slab; flag, flag-stone; sink-stone; slice (of fish).

daller, v.a., to pave with flag-stones, to flag.

dalmatique, n.f., dalmatic, tunic.

dalot, n.m., (nav.) scupper-hole, scupper.

daltonisme, n.m., (med.) color-blindness.

☉dam, n.m., hurt, injury. À son, votre, leur —; to his, your, their injury.

damage, n.m., puddling, ramming.

damas, n.m., damask; (bot.) damson; Damascus blade.

damasquiner, v.a., to damaskene, to emboss; to frost (cutlery).

damasquinerie (-ki-n-rî), n.f., damaskening.

damasquineur, n.m., damaskener, one who damaskenes.

damasquinure, n.f., damaskened work; embossing.

damassé, n.m., damask linen, damask cloth.

damasser, v.a., to damask.

damasserie (da-mas-rî), n.f., damask linen manufactory.

damasseur, n.m., damask weaver.

damassin, n.m., figured linen cloth, diaper.

damassure, n.f., damasking (of linen).

dame, n.f., lady; married lady; nun; dame; man, draught (backgammon); (draughts) draught, man, king, queen; queen (cards, chess); dam, rammer; (nav.) rowlock. —s de France; princesses of the royal family of France. — d’honneur; maid of honor, bridesmaid. Elle fait la —; she sets up for a lady. Notre-—; Our Lady. Ma chère —; my dear madam. Jouer aux —s; to play at draughts. Aller à —; (at draughts) to make a king. Aller à —; (at chess) to make a queen; —s seules; ladies’ compartment.

dame, int., by our lady! well! forsooth! well, you see! —! c’est juste; well, you see! it is right.

dame-jeanne, n.f., (—s-—s) demijohn, car-boy.

damer, v.a., to crown (a man at draughts); to queen; (arch.) to allow half a foot for sloping; to ram. — le pion à quelqu’un; to outdo, outwit any one; to be more than a match for.

dameret, adj.m., (l.u.) foppish.

dameret, n.m., lady’s man, spark, beau.

damier, n.m., draught-board.

damnable (dâ-nabl), adj., damnable.

damnablement (dâ-na-), adv., damnably.

damnation (dâ-na-), n.f., damnation.

damné, -e (dâ-né), part., damned.

damné, -e (dâ-né), n.m., soul damned. Les —s; the damned. Souffrir comme un —; to suffer horribly. C’est l’âme —e du ministre; he is the tool of the minister (i.e., does his dirty work for him).

damner (dâ-né), v.a., to damn.

se damner (dâ-né), v.r., to damn one’s self.

☉damoiseau, n.m., beau, fop, spark; young page.

☉damoisel, n.m. V. damoiseau.

☉damoiselle, n.f., damsel.

danché, -e, adj., (her.) indented.

dandin, n.m., ninny.

dandinement (-di-n-mān), n.m., jogging, waddling; swinging, slouching.

dandiner, v.a., to dandle, to rock.

dandiner, v.n., to swing (of bells); to waddle, to slouch.

se dandiner, v.r., to waddle; to twist (one’s body) about; to strut, to slouch; to dilly-dally, to dally.

dandy, n.m., dandy.

dandysme, n.m., dandyism.

danger, n.m., danger, peril, risk, hazard, jeopardy. Braver les —s; to brave dangers. Affronter les —s; to face dangers. Être en — de; to be in danger of.

dangereusement (danj-reuz-mān), adv., dangerously.

dangereu-x, -se, adj., dangerous.

danois, -e, adj., Danish.

danois, n.m., -e, n.f., Dane.

danois, n.m., Danish; dane (dog).

dans, prep., in, within, into; with, according to, formerly. Il fait cela — le dessein de s’établir; he does so with the intention of establishing himself. J’ai beaucoup travaillé — le temps; I used to study a good deal formerly.

dansant, -e, adj., dancing. Soirée —e; dancing party, evening party.

danse, n.f., dance, dancing; beating, hiding. Aimer la —; to like dancing. — de corde; rope-dancing. Il a une — contrainte; he has a stiff way of dancing. Donner une — à quelqu’un; to give any one a drubbing. Entrer en —; to join the dance. — de St. Guy; St. Vitus’s dance.

danser, v.n., to dance. — en mesure; to keep time in dancing. Faire — quelqu’un; to lead any one a dance. Il ne sait sur quel pied —; he does not know which way to turn. Il en dansera en l’air; he will swing for it. Se —; to be danced.

danser, v.a., to dance. — un menuet; to dance a minuet.

danseu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., dancer, ballet-girl. — de corde; rope-dancer.

dansotter, v.n., to dance a little, to skip, to hop, to dance stiffly.

danubien, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., Danubian.

daphné, n.m., (bot.) daphne.

darce, n.f. V. darse.

dard, n.m., dart; sting; (bot.) pistil. Le — d’une abeille; the sting of a bee; (pisc.) dace.

darder, v.a., to dart; to shoot forth, to beam, to hurl; to spear, to harpoon. Le soleil darde ses rayons; the sun darts forth his rays.

☉dardeur, n.m., shooter, dart-flinger.

dardillon, n.m., barb (of a fish-hook).

dariole, n.f., cream-cake.

darne, n.f., slice of fish.

darse, n.f., (nav.) wet-dock.

dartre, n.f., skin disease; eruption (of the skin); blotch, tetter; herpes. — farineuse; pityriasis, dandriff.

dartreu-x, -se, adj., herpetic, scurfy, scabby.

dartreu-x, n.m., -se, n.f., person affected with skin disease; scabby fellow.

dataire, n.m., datary (chancery officer of Rome).

date, n.f., date, period. À courte —; short-dated. À longue —; long-dated. Prendre —; to fix a day. Je suis le premier en —; I have the priority. En — de; under date of, bearing the date. D’ancienne, or de vieille, de longue —; of long standing, long since.

dater, v.a., to date.

dater, v.n., to date; to date from; to form a period; to reckon. — de loin; to date far back; to happen long ago. À — de; reckoning from. Se —; to be dated.

daterie (da-trî), n.f., datary’s office.

datif, n.m., (gram.) dative, dative case.

dati-f, -ve, adj., (jur.) dative. Tutelle —ve; dative guardianship.

dation, n.f., (jur.) giving. — en payement; giving in payment.

datisme, n.m., tautology.

datte, n.f., (bot.) date.

dattier, n.m., date-tree.

datura, n.m., (bot.) datura stramonium, thorn-apple.

daube, n.f., (cook.) stew, daube.

dauber, v.a., (pop.) to cuff, to drub; (fig.) to banter; to jeer.

daubeur, n.m., jeerer, banterer, sneerer.

daubière, n.f., long stew-pan.

dauphin, n.m., (ich.) dolphin; dauphin (eldest son of the kings of France).

dauphine, n.f., dauphiness.

dauphinelle, n.f., (bot.) lark-spur.

daurade, n.f., (ich.) gilt head.

d’autant. V. autant.

davantage, adv., more; longer, further. Pas —; no more. Je n’en dirai pas —; I shall say no more. Je n’en sais pas —; I know nothing more about it. Ne restez pas —; do not stay any longer.

davier, n.m., dentist’s forceps; (nav.) davit.

de, prep., of, from, by, with, in, upon, out of, some, any, for, at, to. Un plat d’argent; a silver dish. De Paris à Londres; from Paris to London. De près, de loin; near, afar. Faire de son mieux; to do one’s best. Vivre de fruits et de légumes; to live on fruit and vegetables. Sauter de joie; to leap for joy. Se moquer de quelqu’un; to laugh at any one. Il y eut cent hommes de tués; there were a hundred men killed. Il n’y a personne de blessé; there is no one wounded. Plus d’effets et moins de paroles; more deeds and fewer words. Quelque chose de bon; something good. Indigne de vivre; unworthy to live. Le désir d’apprendre; the wish to learn. Avoir besoin d’argent; to be in want of money. Qu’est-ce que de nous! what poor creatures we are! L’un d’entre eux; one of them. D’après l’original; from the original. De chez vous; from your house. De par le roi; in the king’s name. De ce que; because. Les hommes d’à-présent or d’aujourd’hui; the men of the day. Un coup de bâton; a blow with a stick. Trait de plume; dash of the pen. Un coup de fusil; a shot. Signe de tête; nod. Leçons de danse; lessons in dancing. Un enfant d’un bon naturel; a good-natured child. Une lame d’épée; a sword-blade. Une prise de tabac; a pinch of snuff. Un collier de perles; a pearl necklace. Être d’un repas; to make one at a banquet. N’avez-vous point d’enfants? have you no children? Être —; to be one of a party. [De is changed into d’ before a vowel or silent h.]

dé, n.m., die (for playing); thimble; (arch.) coin, block, dado; (nav.) cock (of blocks); (coin.) die. — fermé; woman’s thimble. — ouvert; tailor’s thimble. Jouer au —s; to play at dice. —s pipés; cogged or loaded dice. Avoir le —; to be one’s turn to play. Flatter le —; to slide the dice; to soften a thing down. À vous le —; now it is your turn, your throw. Le — en est jeté; the die is cast. Tenir le — de la conversation; to engross the conversation.

déalbation, n.f., (chem.) dealbation.

débâchage, n.m., untilting, uncovering.

débâcher, v.a., to uncover, to untilt.

débâclage, n.m., clearing, opening (of a port).

débâcle, n.f., breaking up (of the ice); clearing (of a harbor); (fig.) overthrow, shock, downfall, collapse, disaster.

débâclement, n.m., breaking up of the ice.

débâcler, v.n., to break up (of the ice).

débâcler, v.a., to clear (a harbor); to unbar (doors). — les bateaux; to clear the harbor of boats. — une porte, une fenêtre; to unbar a door, a window.

débâcleur, n.m., water or port-bailiff.

débagouler, v.n., (l.ex.) to spew, to puke.

débagouler, v.a., (l.ex.) (fig.) to launch into abuse; to insult, to abuse any one foully.

débagouleur, n.m., (l.ex.) scurrilous, foul-mouthed blabber.

déballage, n.m., unpacking (goods exposed for sale, show).

déballer, v.a., to unpack.

à la débandade, adv., in confusion, helter-skelter, at sixes and sevens. Mettre tout à la —; to put everything in confusion.

à la débandade, n.f., rout, stampede; breaking the ranks.

debandement (dé-band-mān), n.m., disbanding; (milit.) leaving the ranks.

débander, v.a., to unbind; to unbend, to loosen. — un pistolet; to uncock a pistol. — quelqu’un; to take off the handkerchief tied over any one’s eyes.

se débander, v.r., to slacken or grow loose, to relax; to disband; to get uncocked (of firearms); to grow milder (of the weather). — l’esprit; to relax one’s mind.

débanquer, v.a., to break the bank (at play).

débaptiser (dé-ba-ti-zé), v.a., to change the name of. Il jugea à propos de se —; he thought proper to change his name.

*débarbouiller, v.a., to clean, to make clean, to wash the face.

se débarbouiller, v.r., to wash one’s face; to extricate one’s self.

débarcadère, n.m., landing, landing-place, wharf, terminus, station (of railways).

débardage, n.m., unlading (of wood).

débarder, v.a., to unlade wood; to clear a wood of the trees which have been felled in it.

débardeur, n.m., lumper; workman who breaks up boats; wharf-porter; lighterman; docker.

débarqué, n.m., -e, n.f., person landing. Un nouveau —; one just come to town; a raw countryman.

débarquement, n.m., landing, disembarkment.

débarquer, v.a., to disembark, to land, to unship.

débarquer, v.n., to land. Nous débarquâmes en tel endroit; we went ashore at such a place. Au —; on landing.

débarras, n.m., riddance, disencumbrance. Bon —! a good riddance! Chambre de —; lumber-room.

débarrassé, -e, part., disembarrassed; rid of, released from.

débarrassement, n.m., (l.u.) disembarrassment, clearance, riddance; extrication.

débarrasser, v.a., to clear, to clear away, to disencumber, to rid, to free, to disentangle, to disembarrass; to extricate.

se débarrasser, v.r., to disentangle, to extricate one’s self from, to rid one’s self of, to shake off; to get clear, to get clear of; to clear, to be cleared (of the road, the way).

débarrer, v.a., to unbar.

débat, n.m., debate, dispute, discussion, strife, contest. pl., debates; pleading, summing up. Vider un —; to settle a dispute. À eux le —; let them settle it between them.

débatelage, n.m., unlading of boats.

débateler, v.a., to unlade boats.

débâter, v.a., to unsaddle; to take off a pack-saddle.

débâtir, v.a., to pull down; to unbaste, to untack (of garments).

débattre, v.a., to debate, to discuss, to argue.

se débattre, v.r., to struggle, to strive, to flounder, to writhe; to dispute; to be debated.

débauche, n.f., debauch; debauchery; lewdness, dissoluteness. Aimer la —; to be fond of reveling.

débauché, n.m., debauchee, rake.

débaucher, v.a., to debauch; to entice away; to take away.

se débaucher, v.r., to become debauched; to be led away from one’s occupations.

débaucheu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., debaucher, seducer.

débet, n.m., debit, balance of an account. Être or rester en —; to owe a balance.

débiffé, -e, part., discomposed, disordered, out of order. Visage —; haggard countenance.

débiffer, v.a., to debilitate, to disorder, to enfeeble, to put out of sorts. Être tout débiffé; to be quite out of sorts.

débile, adj., weakly, weak, feeble. Avoir le cerveau —; to have weak brains. Mémoire —; weak memory.

débilement (dé-bil-mān), adv., feebly, weakly.

débilitant, n.m., (med.) debilitant.

débilitant, -e, adj., (med.) debilitating, weakening.

débilitation, n.f., debilitation, enfeebling.

débilité, n.f., debility, weakness.

débiliter, v.a., to debilitate, to enfeeble.

*débillardement, n.m., (carp.) cutting diagonally.

*débillarder, v.a., (carp.) to cut diagonally.

*débiller, v.a., to loosen horses.

débine, n.f., difficulties, poverty, straits, embarrassment, mess, beggary. Il est tombé dans la —; he has fallen into poverty.

débit, n.m., sale, traffic; market; retail shop; license to sell; delivery, utterance; debit side (book-keeping); (mus.) recitative. Marchandise de bon —; goods that have a ready sale. — de tabac; tobacconist’s shop. Porter au — de quelqu’un; to debit any one with. Il a un beau —; he has a fine delivery.

débitage, n.m., cutting up (of stones, timber).

débitant, n.m., -e, n.f., retailer, dealer. — en détail, en gros; retail, wholesale, dealer.

débiter, v.a., to sell; to retail; to give out, to spread, to report, to utter; to debit; to cut up (wood, stone). — en gros, en détail; to sell, wholesale, by retail. — son rôle; to recite one’s part. — des nouvelles; to spread news.

débit-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., debtor; seller, retailer; (jur.) obligor. Être — de; to be in debt to.

débiteur, adj.m., debtor. Compte —; debtor’s account.

débiteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., prattler, newsmonger. C’est une grande —se de mensonges; she is a regular fib-teller.

débitter, v.a., (nav.) to unbitt (a cable).

déblai, n.m., cutting, clearing; excavating, excavation; rubbish; riddance. Être en —; to have been excavated.

déblaiement, déblayement, n.m., clearing, clearing away; clearance; freeing; cutting, digging.

déblatérer, v.n., to speak against; to rail at.

déblayer, v.a., to clear away; to clear.

déblocage, n.m., (print.) turning letters.

déblocus, n.m., raising the blockade of.

débloquer, v.a., to raise a blockade; (print.) to turn letters.

déboire, n.m., after-taste; vexation; mortification; disappointment.

déboisement, n.m., clearing or denudation of trees, forests.

déboiser, v.a., to clear or denude.

se déboiser, v.r., to become denuded.

déboîtement (dé-boat-mān), n.m., disjointing, dislocation.

déboîter, v.a., to put out of joint, to dislocate, to disjoint.

se déboîter, v.r., to be dislocated, to become disjointed.

débonder, v.a., to take the bung out of; to loosen, to unbind. — un étang; to open the sluice of a pond.

se débonder, v.r., to gush, to sluice out, to break out or open, to burst forth, to escape out of the bung-hole; to be relaxed (of a person).

débonder, v.n., to escape through the bung-hole; to escape through the sluice of a pond; to gush out.

débondonnement, n.m., unbunging.

débondonner, v.a., to take out the bung.

débonnaire, adj., good-natured; compliant, gentle, easy-tempered.

débonnairement, adv., compliantly, easily.

☉débonnaireté, n.f., compliance, meekness.

débord, n.m., edge (of a coin); ☉overflowing; ☉(med.) defluxion.

débordé, -e, adj., overflowed; lewd, dissolute, debauched.

débordement, n.m., overflowing, breaking out, inundation, irruption; (fig.) dissoluteness, debauchery, lewdness; torrent, flood; (med.) overflow.

déborder, v.n., to overflow, to run over; to project, to bag, to jut out; (nav.) to get clear, to sheer off. La doublure déborde; the lining bags. Cette maison déborde; that house juts out.

déborder, v.a., to take off the border; to outrun; to go beyond; (milit.) to outflank; to edge (plumber’s business).

se déborder, v.r., to overflow; to break, to burst, forth.

débordoir, n.m., edging-tool (of a plumber).

débosseler (dé-bos-lé), v.a., to take the bruises, the dents, out of.

débotté, n.m., with boots off.

débotter, v.a., to pull off boots.

se débotter, v.r., to pull off one’s boots.

débouché, n.m., opening, expedient; outlet, issue; (com.) market, sale; water-way.

débouchement (de-boosh-mān), n.m., uncorking, unstopping, outlet; debouching; market, sale; disemboguement.

déboucher, v.a., to open; to clear; to uncork.

déboucher, v.n., to pass out; to fall into (rivers); (milit.) to debouch; to relieve the bowels; to expand the mind. Au — du défilé; on coming out of the defile.

débouchoir, n.m., lapidary’s tool.

déboucler, v.a., to unbuckle, to uncurl. — une jument; to unring a mare.

*debouilli, n.m., (dy.) boiling.

*débouillir, v.a., (dy.) to boil.

déboulonner, v.a., (tech.) to unbolt, to unpin.

débouquement (dé-book-mān), n.m., (nav.) narrow channel; disemboguement.

débouquer, v.n., (nav.) to disembogue.

débourbage, n.m., (metal.) trunking.

débourber, v.a., to cleanse; to take the mud away; (metal.) to trunk. — une voiture; to draw a carriage out of the mire.

débourgeoiser, v.a., to polish, to make a lady or gentleman of.

se débourgeoiser, v.r., to become polished.

débourrement (dé-boor-mān), n.m., taking off the fleece.

débourrer, v.a., (man.) to break in; to worm (fire-arms); to empty (a pipe); to polish (a person). — un jeune homme; to form or polish a young man. — un cheval; to break in a horse; to take the fleece off.

☉débours, n.m., disbursement, sum laid out.

déboursé, n.m., money laid out, disbursement, outlay.

déboursement, n.m., disbursement, outlay, expenditure.

débourser, v.a., to disburse, to expend, to lay out.

debout, adv., upright, on end; up; standing; in existence (of things); ahead (of the wind). Il se tient —; he is standing up. Être —; to be up, to be stirring. Allons, —, il est déjà grand jour; come, get up, it is broad daylight. Un conte à dormir —; rigmarole. Avoir le vent —; to have the wind ahead or a head wind.

débouté, n.m., (jur.) dismission, setting aside, nonsuit.

débouter, v.a., (jur.) to overrule, to reject, to non-suit. Il a été débouté de sa demande; his demand was rejected; he was non-suited.

déboutonné, -e, part., unbuttoned.

déboutonner, v.a., to unbutton.

se déboutonner, v.r., to unbutton one’s self; to unbosom one’s self.

*débraillé, -e, part., open-breasted, loosely dressed, untidy; in disorder. Tout —; all untidy.

débraillement or débraillé, n.m., untidiness, disorder; license, licentiousness.

*se débrailler, v.r., to uncover one’s breast, to become untidy, disordered.

débrayage, n.m., disengaging gear (motor).

débrayer, v.n., to throw out of gear, to disengage.

*débredouiller, v.a., se —, v.r., to save the lurch (backgammon).

débridement (dé-brid-mān), n.m., unbridling; despatching, hurrying over; (surg.) relieving constriction by incision.

débrider, v.a., to unbridle; to despatch, to hurry; (surg.) to remove constriction by incision.

débrider, v.n., to unbridle one’s horse; to halt; to stop. Sans —; without stopping; at a stretch.

débris, n.m., remains, wreck, ruins; waste; rubbish.

débrochage, n.m., unstitching; unspitting.

débrocher, v.a., to unstitch, to unspit.

*débrouillement, n.m., disentangling, unravelling.

*débrouiller, v.a., to disentangle, to unravel, to clear up, to explain.

se débrouiller, v.r., to unravel; to be disentangled, to be cleared up.

débrutir, v.a., to clear off the rough; to polish (gems).

débrutissement (-tis-mān), n.m., rough-polishing (of gems).

débucher, v.n., (hunt.) to start.

débucher, v.a., (hunt.) to dislodge, to start.

débucher, n.m., (hunt.) start. Il se trouva au —; he was present at the start.

débusquement, n.m., driving out; dislodging; ousting.

débusquer, v.a., to turn out, to oust, to expel; (hunt.) to start, to dislodge.

début, n.m., lead, first cast, or throw; outset; debut; first appearance; beginning. Voilà un beau —; that is a fine beginning.

débutant, n.m., -e, n.f., actor, actress, appearing for the first time; beginner.

débuter, v.n., to lead, to play first; to begin; to open; to set out; to make one’s first appearance. Il a mal débuté dans le monde; he made a bad beginning in life.

débuter, v.a., to drive from the jack (at bowls); to drive from the mark (at cards).

deçà, prep., this side of. En —, de —, par —, la rivière; this side of the river. En — de la rivière; on this side of the river.

deçà, adv., here, on this side. — et delà; here and there, this and that side, up and down. Jambe —, jambe delà; one leg this side, the other that. De —, par —, en —; this side.

déca (particle used in French weights and measures) deca (ten times the unit).

décachetable, adj., to be unsealed, opened.

décachetage, n.m., unsealing, opening.

décacheter (dé-kash-té), v.a., to unseal, to open; to break open, to break the seal of.

décadaire, adj., having ten days, decadal.

décade, n.f., decade.

décadenasser, v.a., to unpadlock.

décadence, n.f., decay, decline, wane, downfall.

décadi, n.m., decadi (the tenth day of a decade in the calendar of the first French Republic).

décaèdre, adj., decahedral.

décaèdre, n.m., (geom.) decahedron.

décagone, n.m., (fort., geom.) decagon.

décagone, adj., decangular, decagonal.

décagramme, n.m., decagram (5·64 drams avoirdupois).

décaissage, n.m., uncasing, unpacking.

décaisser, v.a., to take out of its box, to unpack.

décalage, n.m., unwedging.

décaler, v.a., to unwedge.

décalitre, n.m., decalitre (2·2009 gallons).

décalogue, n.m., Decalogue.

décalquer, v.a., to transfer a tracing.

décaméron, n.m., decameron.

décamètre, n.m., decameter (32·808992 feet).

décampement (dé-kanp-mān), n.m., (milit.) decampment.

décamper, v.n., (milit.) to decamp; to move off, to walk off; to pack off, to bolt, to levant.

décanat, n.m., deanery, deanship.

décandrie, n.f., (bot.) decandria.

décantation, n.f., (chem.) decantation.

décanter, v.a., (chem.) to decant, to pour off gently.

décanteur, n.m., (chem., pharm.) decanter.

décapage, n.m., cleaning, scraping (metal).

décaper, v.n., (nav.) to double a cape.

décaper, v.a., to clean, to scrape (metal).

décapétalé, -e, adj., (bot.) having ten petals.

décaphylle, adj., (bot.) having ten leaves.

décapitation, n.f., decapitation, beheading.

décapiter, v.a., to behead, to decapitate.

décapode, adj., ten-footed, decapodal.

décapole, n.f., Decapolis.

décarrelage, n.m., unpaving.

décarreler (dé-kar-lé), v.a., to take up a floor, to unpave.

décastère, n.m., decastere (13·1 cubic yards).

décastyle, n.m., (arch.) decastyle.

décasyllabe, adj., decasyllabic.

décatir, v.a., to sponge woolen cloth.

se décatir, v.r., (of cloth) to lose its gloss.

décatissage n.m., sponging.

décatisseur, n.m., sponger.

décavé, -e, adj., having lost one’s stake, ruined, beggared, lost in reputation.

décaver, v.a., to win the whole of one of the players’ stakes; to ruin, to beggar.

décédé, -e, part., deceased, dead.

décédé, n.m., -e, n.f., deceased; person deceased.

décéder, v.n., to die, to expire, to decease.

déceindre, v.a., to ungird, to loose a girdle.

décèlement (-sèl-mān), n.m., disclosure, betrayal.

déceler, v.a., to disclose, to reveal, to betray.

se déceler, v.r., to betray one’s self.

déceleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., betrayer, revealer.

décembre, n.m., December.

décemment (dé-sa-mān), adv., in a decent manner, decently.

décemvir (-sèm-), n.m., decemvir.

décemviral, -e, adj., decemviral.

décemvirat, n.m., decemvirate.

décence, n.f., decency, propriety.

décennal, -e (-sèn-nal), adj., decennial.

décent, -e, adj., decent, becoming.

décentralisation, n.f., decentralization.

décentraliser, v.a., decentralize.

décepti-f, -ve, adj., deceptive.

déception, n.f., deception, deceit, fraud.

décerner, v.a., to decree, to enact; to award, to bestow, to issue (a summons). — un mandat d’amener; to issue a writ of arrest. Se —; to be awarded, to be decreed, etc.

décès, n.m., decease, demise, death.

décevable, adj., deceivable.

décevant, -e, adj., deceptive.

décevoir, v.a., to deceive, to disappoint.

déchaînement (-shèn-mān), n.m., unbridling; letting loose (passions); fury, rage, violence, exasperation, inveighing, invective.

déchaîner, v.a., to unchain; to let loose, to turn loose, to exasperate.

se déchaîner, v.r., to break loose, to free one’s self from one’s chains, to burst upon; to run riot; to inveigh.

déchalement, n.m., lying dry; ebbing, far out.

déchaler, v.a.n., to leave bare or dry; to lie dry; to ebb far out.

déchanter, v.n., to change one’s tone, to lower one’s pretensions, to sing another tune. Je le ferai —; I’ll make him sing small.

déchaperonné, -e, adj., (of a wall) dismantled of its coping.

déchaperonner, v.a., to unhood, to uncope.

décharge, n.f., unloading, unlading; lumber-room; discharge; release; relief; exoneration; (jur.) defense; shower of blows; (mil.) volley, round. Pièce de —; lumber-room. Table de —; dinner-wagon. Témoin à —; witness for the defense. Entendre les témoins à charge et à —; to hear witnesses for and against.

déchargement, n.m., unloading, unlading.

décharger, v.a., to unload, to unlade, to empty, to vent, to disburden, to lighten; to discharge; to release, to set free; to exonerate; (hort.) to prime; to dismiss. — sa conscience; to clear one’s conscience. — son cœur à quelqu’un; to open one’s heart to any one. — son fusil sur quelqu’un; to discharge one’s musket at any one. — sa bile, sa colère, sur quelqu’un; to vent one’s bile, to wreak one’s anger, upon any one. — un accusé; to exculpate, to discharge an accused person. Il a été déchargé de toute accusation; he was entirely exculpated.

se décharger, v.r., to be unloaded, to discharge itself (liquids); to disembogue (rivers); to free one’s self; to give vent to; to go off of itself (of a gun); to change, to fade (of colors); to lay the blame. Se — d’une faute sur quelqu’un; to shift the blame on any one.

décharger, v.n., to unload; to unlade; to come off (of ink).

déchargeur, n.m., unloader, wharf-porter, heaver, lumper.

décharné, -e, part., fleshless; lean, thin, spare; emaciated; (of style) bald, meager, poor. Visage —; gaunt face. Style —; bald style.

décharnement, n.m., emaciation; leanness; poverty; (of style) baldness.

décharner, v.a., to strip off the flesh; to impoverish, to make lean, to emaciate; to render meager, naked.

☉décharpir, v.a., to tear into rags; to part, to separate (fighters).

déchasser, v.a., (turnery) to drive out pegs; v.n., (dancing) to slide to the left.

déchaumage, n.m., (agri.) digging up the stubble; plowing up the stubble.

déchaumer, v.a., to plow up the stubble; to break up fallow land.

déchaussé, -e, adj., bare-footed.

déchaussement (-shôs-mān), n.m., pulling off (shoes or stockings), laying bare; baring (of teeth); shrinking, lancing of the gums.

déchausser, v.a., to pull off shoes and stockings; to lay bare (trees, teeth, buildings).

se déchausser, v.r., to take off one’s shoes and stockings; to become bare (of the teeth).

déchaussoir, n.m., gum-lancet.

déchaux, adj.m., barefooted (of friars). C’est un pied —; he is a low poverty-stricken fellow. À peine de —; under pain of forfeiture.

dèche, n.f., (pop.) destitution, beggary. En —; out of pocket.

déchéance, n.f., (jur.) forfeiture; fall, decay.

déchet, n.m., (com.) loss, waste.

décheu-x, -se, adj., needy, beggarly.

déchevelé, -e, part., disheveled.

décheveler (-shĕ-vlé), v.a., to dishevel. V. écheveler.

déchevêtrer, v.a., to take the halter off, to unhalter; to disentangle, to release.

se déchevêtrer, v.r., to get its halter off; to break from its halter.

*décheviller, v.a., to unpeg, to unpin.

déchiffrable, adj., capable of being deciphered, legible, intelligible.

déchiffrement, n.m., deciphering; reading or playing at sight.

déchiffrer, v.a., to decipher; to unravel; to make clear; to read or play at sight.

se déchiffrer, v.r., to be deciphered, to be unraveled.

déchiffreur, n.m., decipherer; player at sight.

déchiqueté, -e, part., (bot.) laciniate; jagged. Feuille —e; jagged leaf.

déchiqueter (dé-shik-té), v.a., to cut, to slash, to mangle, to cut in long pieces; to pink.

déchiqueteur (-shik-teur), n.m., cutter, slasher, or ripper.

☉déchiqueture (-shik-tur), n.f., slashing, cutting, pinking.

déchirage, n.m., ripping up, breaking up, of a ship’s planks. Bois de —; old ship-timber.

déchirant, -e, adj., heart-rending, harrowing, piercing; excruciating.

déchiré, -e, part., torn, rent, ragged, tattered. Être tout —; to be all in rags. Chien hargneux a toujours l’oreille —e; snarling dogs have always sore ears.

déchirement (-shir-mān), n.m., rending, tearing; (surg.) laceration, pl., (fig.) intestine broils. — d’entrailles; excruciating pain in the bowels. —s de cœur; anguish of heart.

déchirer, v.a., to tear, to rend, to lacerate; to bespatter, to revile, to defame. — une plaie; to tear open a wound. — à coups de fouet; to lash to pieces. — quelqu’un à belles dents; to pull any one to pieces. — l’oreille; to grate on the ear. — de vieux vaisseaux; to rip up old vessels. — la cartouche; to bite the cartridge. Être déchiré de remords; to be tortured with remorse. — son prochain; to slander one’s neighbor.

se déchirer, v.r., to tear, to be torn, to be rent; to vilify, to abuse, to defame, each other. Ce papier se déchire très facilement; this paper tears very easily. Je sentis mon cœur —; I felt my heart breaking.

déchireu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., tearer, render; breaker up, ripper up (of boats, ships).

déchirure, n.f., rent, tear, break.

déchoir (déchu), v.n., to decay, to fall off, to decline; to forfeit, to lose; (nav.) not to keep the right course. — de son rang; to fall from one’s rank. Il est fort déchu de sa réputation; he is greatly fallen in reputation. — de ses espérances; to be less sanguine in one’s hopes. Être déchu d’un droit; to have forfeited a claim. Commencer à —; to begin to fall away.

déchouement, n.m., the floating of a stranded ship.

déchouer, v.a., to get off, to set afloat.

déchristianiser, v.a., to unchristianize.

se déchristianiser, v.r., to lose the character of Christian, to fall away from Christianity.

déchu, -e, part., decayed, sunk, fallen. Ange —; fallen angel.

déci, particle used in French weights and measures, deci (one-tenth of the unit).

décidé, -e, adj., decided, determined, resolved, resolute; confident.

décidément, adv., decidedly, positively; actually, really; on considération.

☉décidence, n.f., the falling of the womb.

décider, v.a., to decide, to determine, to settle, to induce, to persuade.

décider, v.n., to decide, to determine. Que le sort décide entre nous; let fortune determine between us. Cet événement décida de mon sort; that event decided my fate.

se décider, v.r., to decide, to determine, to resolve, to make up one’s mind; to be decided, to be settled. La victoire s’est décidée en faveur de nos armes; victory favored our arms. Tout se décidait par intérêt; everything was decided by interest.

décidu, -e, adj., (bot.) deciduous.

décigramme, n.m., decigram (15·4325 grain).

décilitre, n.m., deciliter (0·176 pint).

déciller. V. dessiller.

décimable, adj., tithable.

décimal, -e, adj., decimal.

décimateur, n.m., tithe-owner.

décimation, n.f., decimation.

décime, n.m., decime, tenth part of a franc; war-tax.

décimer, v.a., to decimate (to punish every tenth soldier); to destroy, to thin, to sweep off, to carry off, to annihilate.

décimètre, n.m., decimeter (3·937 inches).

décimo, adv., tenthly.

décintrement, n.m., (arch.) removing the centerings (of walls).

décintrer, v.a., (arch.) to remove the centers from an arch.

décintroir, n.m., (tech.) cutting-hammer.

décirer, v.a., to take the wax off. Se —; to become unwaxed; to lose its wax.

décisi-f, -ve, adj., decisive, conclusive; positive, peremptory. C’est un homme —; he is a positive man. Prendre un ton —; to assume a peremptory tone.

décision, n.f., decision; determination; resolution. Une — de droit; a decision in law.

décisivement (-ziv-mān), adv., decisively, peremptorily, positively.

décisoire, adj., (jur.) decisory.

décistère, n.m., decistere (3·53 cubic feet).

déciviliser, v.a., to uncivilize.

déclamateur, n.m., declaimer, stump-orator. Ce n’est qu’un —; he is a mere ranter.

déclamateur, adj., declamatory, stilted, bombastic. Style —; high-flown style.

déclamation, n.f., declamation, elocution; manner, art of reciting, declaiming; abuse, invective. — oratoire, théâtrale; oratorical, theatrical elocution. Professeur de —; teacher of elocution. Il s’est livré à des —s contre sa partie adverse; he indulged in invectives against his adversary.

déclamatoire, adj., declamatory.

déclamer, v.a., to declaim; to recite; to spout, to mouth (out).

déclamer, v.n., to declaim; to recite; to spout, to rant, to inveigh.

déclarat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., declarer.

déclarati-f, -ve, adj., declaratory.

déclaration, n.f., declaration, proclamation; disclosure; notification; (jur.) schedule; statute (of bankruptcy); (jur.) affidavit; verdict (of juries). — d’entrée, de sortie; declaration of goods (at the custom-house) on entering, on leaving the town.

déclaratoire, adj., declaratory.

déclaré, -e, adj., declared; open; avowed; acknowledged; recognized. Ennemi —; declared or avowed enemy.

déclarer, v.a., to declare, to make known; to proclaim; to certify; to denounce; to find (guilty, not guilty). — sa volonté; to make known one’s will.

se déclarer, v.r., to declare, to be declared, to break out, to speak one’s mind; to declare oneself, itself; to set in (of the weather). La petite vérole s’est déclarée; small-pox has broken out.

déclasser, v.a., to alter the classing of; to undervalue, to depreciate; to strike off the rolls; to dismiss from the service.

déclaveter, v.n., to get loose (of gearing).

déclencher, v.a., to unlatch a door, to lift up the latch, to unhook, to loosen.

déclic, n.m., (mec.) click; trigger, catch; monkey (of a pile-driver).

déclimater, v.a., to declimatize.

déclin, n.m., decline, decay; wane (of the moon); ebb; close; main-spring (of fire-arms). L’hiver est sur son —; winter is drawing to a close. Le jour à son —; twilight.

déclinable, adj., (gram.) declinable.

déclinaison, n.f., (gram.) declension; (astron., phys.) declination. — de la boussole; variation of the compass. — d’un cadran; declination of a dial.

déclinant, -e, adj., declining. Cadran —; declining dial.

déclinatoire, adj., declinatory. Exception —; exception.

déclinatoire, n.m., (jur.) declinatory plea, exception.

décliner, v.n., to decline; to be on the wane, to fall off; to refuse to entertain. Ses forces déclinent beaucoup; his strength is fast declining. Ce malade décline tous les jours; the patient is falling away every day.

décliner, v.a., (gram.) to decline; to state. — son nom; to state one’s name. — une juridiction; to decline, to except to, the jurisdiction of a court of law.

déclive, adj., declivous, sloping; (surg.) dependent.

déclivité, n.f., declivity, slope.

décloîtrer, v.a., to withdraw from a convent, to uncloister; to secularize.

se décloîtrer, v.r., to leave the cloister; to return to the world; to unfrock oneself.

déclore, v.a., to unclose, to throw open.

déclos, -e, part., unclosed; open.

déclôture, n.f., unclosing, opening.

déclouer, v.a., to unnail.

décochement (-kosh-mān), n.m., discharge, darting (of arrows, shafts); shooting.

décocher, v.a., to discharge, to let fly (arrows); to let fly; to bring out; to dart.

décoction, n.f., (pharm.) decoction.

*décognoir, n.m., (print.) shooting-stick.

décoiffer, v.a., to take off a head-dress, to undress the hair; to take the sealing-wax off the cork of a bottle. — St. Pierre pour coiffer St. Paul; to rob Peter to pay Paul.

se décoiffer, v.r., to undo one’s head-dress, to take off one’s cap. Cet enfant se décoiffe tous jours; that child is constantly pulling off its cap.

décoinçage, n.m., unwedging; (rail.) unkeying, unlocking.

décoincer, v.a., to unwedge; (rail.) to unkey.

se décoincer, v.r., to get unwedged.

décollation, n.m., decollation, beheading.

décollement (-kol-mān), n.m., ungluing, unpasting, coming off.

décoller, v.a., to behead; to unglue, to deglutinate; to come off the cushion (at billiards).

se décoller, v.r., to unglue, to get unglued, to come off (the cushion).

décolleté, -e, part., in a low dress; (of dresses) low; (fig.) broad, free, licentious.

décolleter (-kol-té), v.a., to uncover the neck.

se décolleter, v.r., to bare one’s shoulders; to wear a low dress.

décolleter, v.n., to leave the neck bare.

décoloration, n.f., discoloration.

décoloré, -e, part., discolored, faded; (fig.) (of style) tame, colorless.

décolorer, v.a., to discolor, to take away the color of, to change from the natural hue of.

se décolorer, v.r., to lose one’s or its color; to become discolored, to fade. Ces roses se décolorent; these roses are losing their color.

décombler, v.a., to empty.

décombrer, v.a., to clear away rubbish from, to clear.

décombres, n.m.pl., rubbish, ruins.

décommander, v.a., to countermand.

se décommander, v.r., to be countermanded.

décompléter, v.a., to render incomplete.

décomposable, adj., decomposable; decompoundable.

décomposé, -e, part., decomposed; decomposite. Un visage —; a distorted countenance.

décomposer, v.a., to decompose, to discompose, to distort; to decompound. La terreur décompose le visage; terror distorts the face.

se décomposer, v.r., to decompose, to become decomposed; to be distorted.

décomposition, n.f., decomposition, analysis; discomposition.

décompte (dé-kont), n.m., deduction; allowance; deficiency; drawback; disappointment. Trouver du —; to be disappointed.

décompter (dé-kon-té), v.a., to deduct; to reckon off.

décompter, v.n., to reckon off; to be disappointed; to lose one’s illusions.

déconcerté, -e, adj., disconcerted.

déconcerter, v.a., to disconcert, to confuse, to foil, to baffle.

se déconcerter, v.r., to be disconcerted or put out; to be confused.

déconclure, v.a., to annul, to break off.

déconfire, v.a., to discomfit; to nonplus; to do for.

déconfiture, n.f., discomfiture; havoc; overthrow, break-down; (jur.) insolvency.

déconfort, n.m., discomfort, sorrow, distress.

déconforter, v.a., to discomfort, to grieve, to distress.

*déconseiller, v.a., to dissuade.

déconsidération, n.f., disrepute; disesteem, discredit.

déconsidéré, -e, adj., sunk into disrepute, discredited.

déconsidérer, v.a., to bring into disrepute, to discredit.

se déconsidérer, v.r., to fall, to sink, into disrepute.

déconstruire, v.a., to take to pieces; to unbuild, to demolish, to pull down; to decompose; (gram.) to construct badly. — des vers; to turn verse into prose.

décontenancé, -e, part., out of countenance, abashed.

décontenancer, v.a., to abash, to put out of countenance.

se décontenancer, v.r., to be put out of countenance, to be abashed.

déconvenue, n.f., discomfiture, disaster, mishap, failure.

décor, n.m., decoration, ornamental painting; (paint.) graining. pl., (theat.) scenery. — en bois; graining in imitation of wood. Peintre en —s; grainer.

décorateur, n.m., ornamental painter, decorator; scene-painter; grainer.

décorati-f, -ve, adj., decorative, ornamental.

décoration, n.f., decoration, embellishment; star; star of the order of the Legion of Honor. pl., scenery. Porter une —; to wear the star of an order.

décorder, v.a., to untwist, to untwine.

décoré, -e, part., knighted; decorated; wearing the insignia of some order of knighthood.

décoré, n.m., knight; knight of the Legion of Honor.

décorer, v.a., to decorate, to ornament, to adorn; to dignify; to trim; to set off; to confer (titles, honors); to confer the knighthood of the Legion of Honor; to paint. — d’un ordre; to confer an order. Se — d’un titre; to assume a title.

décorner, v.a., to unhorn. — un livre; to undo the dog’s ear of. — une carte; to turn the corner of.

décortication, n.f., stripping off bark, decortication; pulping, husking, barking.

décortiquer, v.a., to decorticate, to bark, to husk.

décorum (-rom), n.m., decorum, propriety, decency. Observer le —; to observe proprieties. C’est pour garder le —; it is for decency’s sake. Blesser le —; to offend against the laws of decorum.

découcher, v.n., to sleep out; to stay out all night.

découcher, v.a., to turn out of bed.

découdre, v.a., to unsew, to unstitch, to rip up.

se découdre, v.r., to come unsewed, unstitched.

découdre, v.n., to contend. Ils veulent en —; they are bent on coming to blows, or fighting it out.

découlant, -e, adj., flowing, running.

découlement (-kool-mān), n.m., flowing, running, dropping, trickling.

découler, v.n., to trickle, to flow, to run; to spring from, to proceed. La sueur découlait de son visage; the perspiration was running down his face. C’est de Dieu que les grâces découlent; all blessings flow from God.

découpage, n.m., (tech.) cutting out, carving out. — à l’emporte-pièce; punching.

découpé, -e, part., (paint.) cut out; (bot.) cut; standing out, defined, sharp, clear (of a landscape).

découpé, n.m., (hort.) mingled bed, parterre.

découper, v.a., to cut into pieces, into shreds; to cut up, to carve; to pink, to slash; to cut out. — un poulet; to carve a fowl. — une jupe; to slash a petticoat. — des figures; to cut out figures.

se découper, v.r., to stand out, to show up against.

découpeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., carver, pinker, cutter.

découple or découpler, n.m., (hunt.) uncoupling, unleashing of dogs.

découplé, -e, part., uncoupled; strapping. C’est un gaillard bien —; he is a strapping fellow. Une fille bien —e; a well-set girl.

découpler, v.a., to uncouple, to unleash, to let loose.

découpoir, n.m., (tech.) punch, stamping-machine, stamping press; butler’s tray.

découpure, n.f., cutting out, pinking, work cut out; cut paper-work.

décourageant, -e (-jān, -t), adj., discouraging, disheartening.

découragement (-raj-mān), n.m., discouragement; despondency. Tomber dans le —; to become discouraged.

décourager, v.a., to discourage, to dishearten, to daunt, to deter.

se décourager, v.r., to be discouraged, disheartened. Il y a de quoi se —; it is enough to dishearten one.

décourant, -e, adj. V. décurrent.

décourber, v.a., to unyoke barge horses; to unbend, to straighten.

découronner, v.a., to discrown, to lay bare. — une hauteur; to sweep the top of a hill (of troops).

décours, n.m., decrease; wane (of the moon).

décousu, -e, part., adj., unsewed, unstitched, ripped; (of style, etc.) desultory, loose, unconnected. Style —; desultory style. Des idées —es; unconnected ideas.

décousure, n.f., seam-rent; (hunt.) gash (by a wild boar).

découvert, -e, part., uncovered, detected, plain; discovered, open; unguarded; undecked (of boats). Une allée —e; an open walk. Un pays —; an open country. À —; in the open, exposed to the fire of the enemy; unprotected; barefaced; (com.) overdrawn. Être à —; (com.) to have no security, to be unsecured; to be overdrawn.

découvert, n.m., (com.) uncovered balance, overdraft, deficit.

découverte, n.f., discovery, detection; (nav.) lookout; (milit.) reconnoitering. Aller à la —; to scout. Envoyer à la — de; to send to reconnoiter.

découvreur, n.m., discoverer.

découvrir, v.a., to uncover, to expose, to lay bare, to bare, to unmuffle, to unroof; to see, to spy out, to discover, to disclose; to unveil; to find out, to descry, to discern; to detect. — les racines d’un arbre; to lay bare the roots of a tree. — son jeu; to show one’s cards; to betray oneself. Je lui ai découvert mon cœur; I opened my heart to him. — une mine d’or; to discover a gold mine. — le pot aux roses; to find out the intrigue, the mystery.

se découvrir, v.r., to uncover oneself, to unbosom oneself; to expose oneself; to be detected; to make oneself known, to betray oneself; to clear up (of the sky).

décramponner, v.a., to uncramp, to loosen.

se décramponner, v.r., to let go one’s hold.

décrasse-peigne, n.m., comb-cleaner, comb-brush.

décrasser, v.a., to take off the dirt, to clean, to scour, to polish. — la tête; to clean the head. Il faut — ce jeune homme; that young man requires brushing up.

se décrasser, v.r., to wash, to clean oneself; to polish oneself, to become polished.

décréditement (-dit-mān), n.m., discrediting, discredit; disrepute.

décréditer, v.a., to discredit, to disgrace, to bring into discredit or disrepute.

se décréditer, v.r., to sink into discredit, to lose one’s credit or reputation.

décrépi, -e, adj., unplastered.

décrépir, v.a., (mas.) to unplaster.

décrépissage, n.m., (mas.) unplastering.

décrépit, -e, adj., decrepit, broken-down.

décrépitation, n.f., decrepitation, crackling.

décrépiter, v.n., to decrepitate, to crackle.

décrépitude, n.f., decrepitude.

décret, n.m., decree, fiat, order, enactment; ☉(jur.) writ; order in council.

décrétale, n.f., decretal.

décréter, v.a., to decree, to order, to enact; ☉(jur.) to issue a writ against.

décreusage, n.m., ungumming (of silk).

décreuser, v.a., to ungum.

décri, n.m., crying down, prohibition; disrepute, discredit.

décrier, v.a., to decry, to cry down, to run down; to discredit, to bring into disrepute.

se décrier, v.r., to bring one’s self into disrepute; to cry one another down.

décrire, v.a., to describe, to trace, to draw.

se décrire, v.r., to be described.

décrocher, v.a., to unhook, to take down.

se décrocher, v.r., to become unhooked.

décroire, v.a., to disbelieve, to discredit.

décroisement, n.m., uncrossing.

décroiser, v.a., to uncross.

décroissance, n.f. V. décroissement.

décroissant, -e, adj., decreasing, diminishing; decrescent; (math.) descending.

décroissement (-kroas-mān), n.m., decrease, diminution, wane.

décroître, v.n., to decrease, to diminish, to wane; to draw in (of days); to come down (in life).

décrottage, n.m., cleaning of boots, trowsers.

décrotter, v.a., to rub off the dirt, to clean, to brush off.

se décrotter, v.r., to clean or brush one’s self.

décrotteur, n.m., shoe-boy, shoe-black.

décrottoir, n.m., a scraper (for shoes).

décrottoire, n.f., shoe-brush, hard brush.

décrue, n.f., decrease; fall (of water). La crue et la — de l’eau; the rise and fall of water.

décruer, v.a., (dy.) to scour (silk).

décrûment, n.m., (dy.) scouring.

décrusement or décrusage, n.m., (dy.) ungumming.

décruser, v.a., to ungum.

déçu, -e, part., deceived; frustrated.

décuire, v.a., to thin (syrup). Ce sirop est trop épais, il faut le —; this syrup is too thick, it must be thinned.

déculassement, n.m., unbreeching.

déculasser, v.a., to unbreech (a gun).

décuple, adj., tenfold, decuple.

décuple, n.m., decuple, tenfold. Il a gagné le — de ce qu’il avait avancé; he has gained ten times as much as he laid out.

décupler, v.a., to increase tenfold.

décurie, n.f., (antiq.) decury.

décurion, n.m., (antiq.) decurion.

décurrent, -e, adj., (bot.) decurrent.

décursi-f, -ve, adj., decursive.

décussation, n.f., decussation.

décuvage, n.m., or décuvaison, n.f., tunning (of wine).

décuver, v.a., to tun.

*dédaigner, v.a., to disdain, to scorn, to despise, to slight, to disregard, to turn up one’s nose at.

*dédaigneusement (-eûz-mān), adv., disdainfully, scornfully.

*dédaigneu-x, -se, adj., disdainful, scornful; regardless, careless of. Faire le —; to turn up one’s nose at.

dédain, n.m., disdain, scorn, disregard. Prendre en —; to conceive a dislike for.

dédale, n.m., labyrinth, maze.

dédamer, v.n., to displace a man (at draughts). v.a., to uncrown a king.

dedans, adv., within, in; inside. Il est là-dedans; he is within. En —; on the inside, within. Sa porte était fermée en —; his door was fastened inside. Donner —; to fall into the trap. Être —; to be in for it. Mettre quelqu’un —; to take any one in. Se mettre —; to get taken in, to get into a scrape. De —; from within. Par —; within, inside. Être tout en —; to be uncommunicative, reticent, close.

dedans, n.m., inside; interior. Du — au dehors; from within outwards. Au — et au dehors; at home and abroad.

dédicace, n.f., dedication, consecration; inscription.

dédicatoire, adj., dedicatory.

dédier, v.a., to dedicate, to consecrate; to devote; to inscribe.

dédire, v.a., to gainsay, to unsay, to contradict, to disown.

se dédire, v.r., to recant, to retract, to unsay what one has said; to go back from one’s word, to recede. Se — de sa promesse; to revoke one’s promise. Il ne peut s’en —; he cannot go back on it or back out of it.

dédit, n.m., unsaying; forfeit, forfeiture; retraction; deed stipulating forfeiture. Au — de; on the forfeiture of. Avoir son dit et son —; to say yes one day and no the next.

dédommagement (-maj-mān), n.m., indemnification; compensation, damages, amends, indemnity.

dédommager, v.a., to indemnify, to make amends, to make good; to compensate, to make up for.

se dédommager, v.r., to indemnify one’s self, to recoup one’s self.

dédorer, v.a., to ungild. Jeunesse dédorée; degenerate youth.

se dédorer, v.r., to lose its gilt (of metal, etc.).

dédoublé, n.m., diluted alcohol.

dédoublement or dédoublage, n.m., dividing into two; unlining; diluting.

dédoubler, v.a., to take out the lining; to divide into two; to dilute; (nav.) to unsheath (a vessel). — une pierre; to cut a stone into two parts lengthwise.

se dédoubler, v.r., to become unlined, to be unfolded; to be divided into two; to be diluted; (nav.) to be unsheathed.

déduction, n.f., deduction; set off; inference; taking from, defalcation; (obsol.) enumeration, recital.

déduire (déduisant, déduit), v.a., to take from, to deduct, to subtract; to draw from, to deduce, to infer.

☉déduit, n.m., amusement, pleasure, pastime.

déesse, n.f., goddess, female deity.

défâcher, v.a., to pacify.

se défâcher, v.r., to be pacified or pleased again, to cool down; to cease to be angry. S’il est fâché, qu’il se défâche; if he is angry, let him cool down again.

défaçonner, v.a., to put out of shape; to spoil any one’s manners.

se défaçonner, v.r., to get out of shape; to lose one’s good manners.

*défaillance, n.f., fainting fit, swoon; exhaustion; extinction (of a family); ☉(chem.) deliquescence. Tomber en —; to fall into a swoon; (jur.) default.

*défaillant, n.m., -e, n.f., (jur.) defaulter.

*défaillant, -e, adj., falling off; decaying; without heirs; weak, feeble; faltering, unsteady.

*défaillir, v.n., to grow faint and weak, to fail, to sink; to decay; to swoon, to faint away. Ses forces défaillent tous les jours; his strength fails him every day. Il se sent —; he feels himself sinking. Je me sentis —; I felt I was going to faint.

défaire, v.a., to undo, to unmake; to take asunder; to unpin; to unrip; to unknit; to make away with; to defeat, to rout; to eclipse, to obscure; to emaciate, to make lean, to waste; to discompose, to alter; to free, to deliver, to rid. — une malle; to unpack a trunk. — un nœud; to untie a knot. Sa maladie l’a bien défait; his illness has given him a worn appearance. Défaites-moi de cet importun; rid me of that troublesome fellow. — un marché, — un mariage; to annul, break off, a bargain, a marriage.

se défaire, v.r., to rid one’s self, to get rid of, to get quit of, to ease one’s self of, to make away, to forsake, to leave off; to come undone, to become loose; to lose strength and quality (of wine). Se — de son ennemi; to dispatch one’s enemy. Se — d’un vice; to throw off a vice. Se — d’une mauvaise habitude; to break one’s self of a bad habit. Défaites-vous de vos préjugés; shake off your prejudices. Se — de sa marchandise; to sell off one’s wares. Se — d’un bénéfice; to give up a living. Se — d’un cheval; to part with a horse. Se — d’un domestique; to discharge a servant. Ce vin se défait; this wine is losing its flavor.

défait, -e, part., undone, defeated; meager, lean, wasted; pale; worn out, wan.

défaite, n.f., defeat, overthrow; (com.) sale; evasion, shift, put-off, sham, pretense. Ces marchandises-là sont de bonne —; those goods command a ready sale. La — est ingénieuse; that is an ingenious evasion. C’est une —; that is a mere put-off.

défalcation, n.f., defalcation, deduction.

défalquer, v.a., to take off, to defalcate, to deduct.

défausser, v.a., to straighten.

se défausser, v.r., (at cards) to get rid of useless cards, or to play a card of another suit.

défaut, n.m., defect; fault; flaw, blemish; want; shortcoming; default. Chacun a ses —s; every one has his defects. Il n’y a personne sans —; there is no man but has his faults. Cette pièce de porcelaine a un —; there is a flaw in that piece of china. Le — de blé, de subsistances; want of corn, of victuals. C’est là le — de la cuirasse; that’s his weak point. Condamner par —; to cast for non-appearance. Jugement par —; judgment by default. Les chiens sont en —; the hounds have lost the scent. Trouver quelqu’un en —; to find any one at fault. Mettre quelqu’un en —; to baffle, to foil any one, to throw off the scent. Au —, à — de; in default of, for want of. Faire —; to be wanting; to fail; to be missed.

défaveur, n.f., disfavor, disgrace, discredit.

défavorable, adj., unfavorable, disparaging.

défavorablement, adv., unfavorably; disparagingly.

défécation, n.f., (pharm.) defecation. Matière à —; temper (of sugar).

défecti-f, -ve, adj., (gram.) defective.

défection, n.f., defection, falling off, disloyalty.

défectivité, n.f., (gram.) defectiveness.

défectueusement (-eûz-mān), adv., defectively.

défectueu-x, -se, adj., defective, imperfect.

défectuosité, n.f., defect, imperfection, flaw.

défendable, adj., defensible, tenable.

défendant, part., defending. Il l’a tué à son corps —; he killed him in self-defense. Faire une chose à son corps —; to do a thing reluctantly, in self-defense.

défende-ur, n.m., -resse, n.f., (jur.) defendant; respondent.

défendre, v.a., to defend, to protect; to shelter, to shield, to support, to uphold, to vindicate; to forbid, to prohibit. — son ami; to defend one’s friend. On a défendu le port des armes; the carrying of arms is prohibited. La raison nous défend de faire une injustice; reason forbids us to do an injustice. — sa maison à quelqu’un; to forbid any one the house.

défendre, v.n., (jur.) to defend. Il a été condamné faute de —; he was cast for want of being defended; (nav.) to fend off.

se défendre, v.r., to defend one’s self; to excuse one’s self from doing a thing; to clear one’s self; to deny a thing; to keep, to shield one’s self from; to help, to forbear. Cet accusé a voulu se — lui-même; that prisoner wanted to conduct his own defense. Il ne peut se — de tant de reproches; he cannot clear himself from so many imputations. Ne pas s’en —; to acknowledge, admit anything. Je ne m’en défends pas; I admit it, own it.

défens, n.m., (forestry) defense (of forests).

défendures, n.f.pl., hurdles, fences.

défense, n.f., defense, protection; prohibition, interdiction; apology, vindication, justification; warning, notice; task; (nav.) fender; skid; boom. pl., (fort.) outwork, defense; tusk, fang (of boars); tusk (elephants). Se mettre en —; to stand upon one’s defense. Être hors de —; not to be in a condition to defend one’s self. Bois en —; a wood so far grown that cattle may be let into it without danger to the trees. Cordes de —; fenders of junk or old cable. Faire —; to forbid, to prohibit. Preuves alléguées pour la — d’une cause; plea. Donner ses —s; to answer. Arrêt de —; decree to suspend the execution of a former decree. Armé, muni, de —s; tusked, fanged (of boars, elephants). — d’entrer; no admittance except on business. — de fumer; no smoking allowed. — d’uriner; commit no nuisance.

défenseur, n.m., defender, supporter, vindicator, advocate; defender, counsel. Un — nommé d’office; a defender appointed by the court.

défensi-f, -ve, adj., defensive.

défensive, n.f., safeguard, defensive. Se tenir sur la —; to stand upon the defensive.

déféquer, v.a., to defecate.

déférant, -e, adj., complying, condescending, yielding.

déférence, n.f., deference, regard, respect.

déférent, adj.m., deferent. Cercle —; (anc. astron.) deferent. Canal —; (anat.) deferent.

déférer, v.a., to confer, to bestow; to tender, to inform against. — le serment à quelqu’un; to tender an oath to, to bring before any one, to put any one on his oath. — quelqu’un en justice; to impeach any one in court. — quelqu’un à l’inquisition; to report any one to the inquisition.

déférer, v.n., to defer, to yield, to comply, to condescend. — aux sentiments des autres; to defer to the sentiments of others. — à quelqu’un; to pay deference to one.

déferler, v.a., (nav.) to unfurl.

déferler, v.n., to break into foam, to roll in (of the sea). La lame déferle; the wave bursts into foam, rolls in shore.

déferrer, v.a., to unshoe (a horse); to nonplus, to confound.

se déferrer, v.r., to come off, to fall off, to lose a shoe; to be nonplused or confounded. Mon lacet se déferre; the tag is coming off my lace.

défet, n.m., waste sheet (in bookselling).

*défeuillaison, n.f., defoliation.

*défeuiller, v.a., to take off the leaves. Le vent a défeuillé les arbres; the wind has blown off the leaves.

se défeuiller, v.r., to lose, to shed their leaves (of trees). Les arbres se défeuillent; the trees are losing, shedding their leaves.

défi, n.m., defiance, challenge. Un cartel de —; a written challenge. Envoyer un — à quelqu’un; to send any one a challenge. Je lui ai fait un — aux échecs; I challenged him to a game at chess. Mettre au —; to set at defiance.

défiance, n.f., distrust, mistrust; diffidence, caution. Concevoir de la —; to entertain distrust. Être dans la —; to have one’s misgivings. Une sotte — le retient; he is held back by a foolish diffidence.

défiant, -e, adj., distrustful, mistrustful, suspicious.

déficient, -e, adj., (arith.) deficient.

déficit (-sit), n.m., deficit, deficiency. Combler le —; to make up the deficit.

défier, v.a., to defy, to challenge; to brave, to face, to dare; to set at defiance. — quelqu’un au trictrac; to challenge any one to play at backgammon. — les dangers, to face dangers. Il ne faut jamais — un fou; never bid defiance to a madman. Je vous défie de m’en donner la preuve; I defy you to give me a proof of it.

défier, v.n., (nav.) to bear off, to fend.

se défier, v.r., to defy, to challenge, each other; to distrust, to mistrust; to suspect. Je me défie de cet homme; I distrust that man. Se — de ses forces; to distrust one’s own strength. Se — de soi-même; to distrust one’s self.

défigurement, n.m., disfigurement; defacement.

défigurer, v.a., to disfigure, to mar, to distort, to spoil. La petite vérole l’a tout défiguré; the small-pox has quite disfigured him. — la vérité; to distort the truth.

se défigurer, v.r., to disfigure one’s self, to become disfigured, to become deformed.

défilade, n.f., filing past; going off or past; marching past.

défilé, n.m., defile, narrow pass; strait, difficulty; (milit.) defiling, filing off or past, marching past. Je ne vois aucun moyen de sortir de ce —; I see no way of getting out of this difficulty.

défilement, n.m., filing off, marching past or going past; (fort.) defilading.

défiler, v.a., to unstring, to unthread; to untwist. — des perles; to unstring pearls. — son chapelet; to say all one has to say (on a subject). Elle a défilé son chapelet; she has given up devotion. Le chapelet se défile; the association is falling to pieces. — un ouvrage; (fort.) to defilade.

défiler, v.n., to defile, to file off, march past, go past. Les soldats ne pouvaient — que deux à deux; the soldiers could only go past two by two.

défiler, n.m., (milit., l.u.) filing off, marching past.

défini, n.m., the definite.

défini, -e, part., determined, definite, defined. Nombre —; definite number.

définir, v.a., to define, to determine; to decide; to explain, to describe. — une personne; to give an idea of a person. Se —; to be defined, to be determined, to be made out.

définissable, adj., definable.

définisseur, n.m., definer.

définiteur, n.m., definitor (in convents).

définiti-f, -ve, adj., definitive, final; ultimate, eventual, peremptory, positive. En —ve; definitively, after all, in short. En —ve, que voulez-vous? in a word, what do you want?

définition, n.f., definition; decision, determination. Faire une —; to give a definition.

définitivement (-tiv-mān), adv., definitively, positively, decidedly, ultimately, eventually.

définitoire, n.m., chapter (of monks).

déflagration, n.f., (chem.) deflagration.

défléchi, -e, adj., turned aside, deflected.

défléchir, v.n., to turn from or aside, to deflect.

se défléchir, v.r., to deflect.

déflegmation, n.f., (chem.) dephlegmation.

déflegmer, v.a., (chem.) to dephlegmate.

défleuraison, n.f., fall of the blossom.

défleurir, v.n., to shed blossoms.

défleurir, v.a., to nip or strip off blossoms; to take off the bloom of fruit (by handling it).

déflexion, n.f., (phys.) deviation, deflection.

défloration, n.f., defloration.

déflorer, v.a., to deflour, to deflower. — un sujet; to take the freshness off a subject.

☉défluer, v.n., (astrol.) to flow, to recede.

défonçage, n.m., (agri.) subsoil plowing; trenching.

défoncé, -e, part., broken, battered in. Chemin —; broken road.

défoncement (-fons-mān), n.m., (tech.) staving in, beating in of the head of casks; (agri.) digging up; deep plowing.

défoncer, v.a., to stave in (a cask); to bilge; to cut up; to knock in (the head of a cask). — un terrain; to dig up, to trench ground. — une peau; to dip a hide. — un chapeau; to batter in a hat.

se défoncer, v.r., to give way at the bottom; to break up (of roads); to get cut up.

déformation, n.f., deformation.

déformé, -e, adj., deformed, out of shape.

déformer, v.a., to put out of form, to throw out of shape.

se déformer, v.r., to lose the proper form or shape, to get out of shape. Sa taille se déforme; her figure is losing its shape, its litheness.

défortifier, v.a., to dismantle.

se défortifier, v.r., to get dismantled.

défouetter, v.a., (book-bind.) to untie.

défournement, n.m., drawing out of the oven.

défourner, v.a., to draw out of an oven. — le pain; to draw the batch.

défourrer, v.a., (nav.) to unwrap, to take off the envelope.

défrai, n.m., (pop.) defraying, settling expenses.

défraîchi, adj., no longer fresh; faded.

défraîchir, v.a., to destroy, to take off, the brilliancy, gloss, or freshness of a thing.

se défraîchir, v.r., to lose its brilliancy, freshness.

défranciser, v.a., to unfrenchify.

défrayement, n.m., defraying.

défrayer, v.a., to defray, to bear, the cost of; to amuse; to be the laughing-stock of. — la compagnie; to be the laughing-stock of the company.

défrayeur, n.m., defrayer.

défrichage or défrichement (-frish-mān), n.m., clearing, grubbing up; land so cleared. Faire le — d’un terrain; to clear a piece of ground. Ce — est en plein rapport cette année; this piece of cleared land is in full bearing this year.

défriché, adj., cleared (of land).

défricher, v.a., to clear, to grub up; to unravel (l.u.). — un champ; to clear a field.

défricheur, n.m., clearer, digger.

défrisement (-friz-mān), n.m., uncurling.

défriser, v.a., to uncurl, to put out of curl; (pop.) to disappoint, to ruffle.

se défriser, v.r., to uncurl, come out of curl.

défroncement, n.m., unplaiting, unfolding.

défroncer, v.a., to undo gathers, folds, or plaits; to unknit (the brows). — le sourcil; to smooth one’s brow.

défroque, n.f., old clothes; old things, effects; cast-off clothes.

défroquer, v.a., to unfrock.

se défroquer, v.r., to forsake, to renounce one’s order (of monks).

défruiter, v.a., to strip of its fruit.

défuner, v.a., (nav.) to strip (a mast).

défunt, -e, adj., defunct, deceased, late. Les enfants du —; the deceased’s children.

dégagé, -e, part., disengaged; redeemed (of a pledge); flippant; bold; easy; slender, graceful. Chambre —e; room that has a back-door. Escalier —; back stairs. Taille —e; free, easy figure (pers.). Air —; free, easy way or manner.

dégagement (-gaj-mān), n.m., redeeming, disengagement, clearance; (fenc.) disengaging; release, liberation, discharge. Le — d’effets déposés au mont-de-piété; the redeeming of articles at the pawnbroker’s. Le — de sa parole; the calling in of one’s word. Le — de la voie publique; the clearing of the street. Le — de la poitrine; the easing of the chest. Escalier de —; private staircase. Tuyau de —; waste pipe.

dégager, v.a., to redeem; to take out of pawn; to free, to clear, to disengage, to extricate, to disentangle, to separate; to evolve; to deliver, to rescue. — sa parole; to redeem one’s word; to withdraw one’s word. — quelqu’un de sa parole; to release any one from his word. — une porte; to clear a doorway. — la tête, la poitrine; to ease, relieve, or lighten the head, the chest. Il l’a dégagé de ses ennemis; he rescued him from his enemies. Je le dégageai de ses liens; I freed him from his bonds. — le fer; (fenc.) to disengage. Cet habit dégage la taille; that coat shows off the figure to advantage. — les cheveux; to disentangle the hair.

se dégager, v.r., to be cleared from; to extricate, to disengage, to free, to disentangle, to loose one’s self; to break loose; to get away, to get clear; (chem.) to be evolved.

dégaine, n.f., (fam.) awkwardness; ridiculous manners, deportment, awkward gait, &c. Quelle —! what a figure for you.

dégainer, n.m., unsheathing, drawing (of a sword). Être brave jusqu’au —; to be brave till it comes to the push.

dégainer, v.a., to draw, to unsheath one’s sword; to fork out.

dégaineur, n.m., fighter, bully, quarrelsome fellow, professed duelist.

dégaler, v.a., to pick clean (of skins).

dégalonner, v.a., to unlace, unstrip.

déganter, v.a., to pull off gloves.

se déganter, v.r., to take off one’s gloves.

dégarni, -e, adj., unfinished; bare, naked; empty.

dégarnir, v.a., to untrim, to unfurnish, to strip; to thin; to uncover; to dismantle. — une chambre, une maison; to unfurnish a room, a house. — le cabestan; (nav.) to unring the capstan. — un vaisseau de ses agrès; to strip a vessel of its rigging. — un arbre; to thin a tree. — une robe; to untrim a gown.

se dégarnir, v.r., to strip one’s self; to empty, become empty; to grow thin; to lose; to part with; to wear lighter clothes. Sa tête se dégarnit; his hair is growing thin. La salle se dégarnit; the house is getting empty. Il ne faut pas trop se hâter de se —; people should not be in too great a hurry to put on lighter clothing.

dégasconner, v.a., to teach a Gascon to speak good French, to acquire French manners, &c.

se dégasconner, v.r., to lose the Gascon accent.

dégât, n.m., havoc, damage, depredation, waste, ravage. La grêle a fait un grand —; the hail has caused great havoc. Faire le —; to ravage.

dégauchi, -e, adj., planed, smoothed, straightened.

dégauchir, v.a., to smooth, to plane, to level, to straighten; to form, to polish. — un jeune homme; to polish a young man.

dégauchissage or dégauchissement (-shis-mān), n.m., planing, straightening, leveling, smoothing.

dégazer, v.a., (chem.) to free from gas.

dégazonnement, n.m., unturfing.

dégazonner, v.a., to unturf.

dégel, n.m., thaw. Avoir du —; to have a thaw. Être au —; to be thawing (of the weather). Le vent est au —; the wind will bring on a thaw.

dégeler (dé-jlé), v.a.n., to thaw.

se dégeler, v.r., to thaw.

☉dégénérat-eur, -rice, adj., degenerating.

dégénération, n.f., degeneration; degeneracy, deterioration.

dégénérer, v.n., to decline, to degenerate, to fall away (from). — de ses ancêtres; to degenerate from one’s ancestors.

dégénérescence, n.f., (med.). V. dégénération.

dégénérescent, -e, adj., degenerating.

dégingandé, -e, adj., tottering; awkward; gawky; swinging in one’s gait; clumsy; ill-formed; unconnected; disjointed.

se dégingander, v.r., to get out of shape; to swing about.

dégîter, v.a., (hunt.) to dislodge, to start.

dégluer, v.a., to take off the bird-lime; to unglue.

se dégluer, v.r., to get rid of bird-lime; to get unglued or cleared (of the eyes).

déglutition, n.f., deglutition, swallowing.

*dégobiller, v.a., (l.ex.) to bring up; to puke, to spew, to vomit, to throw up.

*dégobillis, n.m., (l.ex.) vomit, spew.

dégoiser, v.a.n., ☉to chirp, to twitter; to rattle; to blab out; to chatter; to prattle. En dégoise-t-elle! how she does rattle on, to be sure! Il a dégoisé tout ce qu’il sait; he blabbed out all he knew.

dégommage, n.m., ungumming.

dégommer, v.a., (dy.) to wash out the gum; (pop.) to turn out of office; to oust; to kill.

dégonder, v.a., to unhinge, to take from its hinge.

se dégonder, v.r., to come unhinged, to come off its hinges.

dégonflement, n.m., subsiding, falling, collapsing; reduction.

dégonfler, v.a., to cause a thing to collapse, to reduce a swelling; to discharge the gas from a balloon.

se dégonfler, v.r., to go down, to be reduced, to subside, to unbosom one’s self.

dégor, n.m., a discharging tube.

dégorgement, n.m., breaking out, overflowing; unstopping; outfall, outflow. — d’un tuyau; cleansing, unstopping of a pipe.

dégorgeoir (-joar), n.m., priming-iron, vent-bit (for guns); outlet, issue; spout.

dégorger, v.a., to clear, to open; to cleanse, to scour.

dégorger, v.n., to discharge one’s self, to overflow. Faire —; to purge (fish); (fig.) to make any one stump up.

se dégorger, v.r., to discharge, to empty itself; to get unstopped, to get clear.

dégoter, v.a., (pop.) to knock down; to oust, to displace, to push off.

dégourdi, -e, adj., quick, sharp, acute, shrewd (pers.); tepid (water). C’est un homme bien —; he is a shrewd fellow.

dégourdi, n.m., -e, n.f., quick, sharp, acute, shrewd man or boy; pert, forward woman or girl.

dégourdir, v.a., to quicken, to revive; to sharpen, to render shrewd; to polish. — ses jambes; to stretch one’s limbs. Faire — de l’eau; to take the chill off water. — un jeune homme; to polish a young man.

se dégourdir, v.r., to remove the numbness from; to lose the numbness of; to stretch one’s self; to become sharp, polished, shrewd; to brighten up.

dégourdissement (-dis-mān), n.m., removal of numbness; return of circulation; quickening, reviving.

dégoût, n.m., disgust, disrelish, loathing; dislike, distaste; mortification. Il lui a pris du — pour la viande; he has taken a dislike to meat. Avoir du — pour la vie; to be disgusted with life. On lui a donné bien des —s; they made him swallow many a bitter pill.

dégoûtant, -e, adj., disgusting, loathsome, distasteful, nauseous, sickening; unpleasant, disheartening. Plaie —; disgusting sore.

dégoûté, -e, n. and adj., fastidious person, fastidious. Faire le —; to be squeamish, fastidious. C’est un bon —; he likes good things. Vous n’êtes pas —! you’re not at all particular! I should rather think so!

dégoûter, v.a., to disgust; to put out of conceit. Cela est bien fait pour — quelqu’un du métier; that is well calculated to disgust any one with the trade. Il est dégoûté de la vie; he is disgusted with life.

se dégoûter, v.r., to take a disgust, a dislike, a distaste to; to nauseate, to dislike, to lose courage, to be disheartened.

dégouttant, -e, adj., dropping, dripping.

dégouttement, n.m., dripping, falling in drops.

dégoutter, v.n., to drop, to trickle, to drip, to dribble. La sueur lui dégouttait du front; the perspiration was rolling off his forehead. Faire — du beurre sur de la viande; to drip butter upon meat.

dégradant, -e, adj., degrading, debasing.

dégradation, n.f., degradation; (mil.) cashiering, drumming out; damage, dilapidation; (jur.) waste; (paint.) diminution of light and shade.

dégrader, v.a., to debase, to degrade, to deface, to strip; (paint.) to diminish the light and shade; to damage, to dilapidate; (mil.) to cashier, to drum out. — un bois, une maison; to damage a wood, a house. Le temps a dégradé ce monument; time has defaced that monument.

se dégrader, v.r., to degrade, to debase, to disgrace one’s self; to become damaged, defaced, dilapidated; (jur.) to waste.

dégrafer, v.a., to unclasp, to unhook.

se dégrafer, v.r., to become unhooked, unfastened (of garments); to unbutton, unhook, unfasten one’s clothes.

dégraissage or dégraissement, n.m., cleaning, scouring.

dégraisser, v.a., to scour, to remove greasy stains; to fleece any one; to impoverish land, to carry off the soil; (carp.) to beard, to thin; (cook.) to remove fat. — un bouillon; to skim the fat off broth. — un habit; to clean a coat. La poudre dégraisse les cheveux; powder cleans the hair. Terre à —; fuller’s earth. Les ravines dégraissent les terres; torrents impoverish land (by carrying off the soil).

dégraisseur, n.m., scourer, cleaner.

dégraissis, n.m., scourings.

dégraissoir, n.m., scraper.

dégravoiement or dégravoîment, n.m., (arch.) baring, laying bare (by water).

dégravoyer, v.a., (arch.) to wash away, to bare, to lay bare (of water).

degré, n.m., step, stair, staircase; stage, grade, gradation; degree, point, extent, pitch; (astron., geol., gram., math., phys.) degree; (of universities) degree. À un très haut —; to a very great extent. Par —s; gradually. Au suprême —; in the highest degree.

dégréement, n.m., (nav.) unrigging.

dégréer, v.a., (nav.) to unrig. — un mât; to strip a mast.

dégrèvement (-grèv-mān), n.m., reduction, relief; disencumbrance; redemption.

dégrever, v.a., to diminish, to reduce (a tax); to disencumber, to free, to redeem.

dégringolade, n.f., fall, tumble.

dégringoler, v.n., to run down, to tumble down; to topple down or over; to go from bad to worse; to go to the dogs.

dégrisement (-griz-mān), n.m., (fam.) sobering, getting sober; cooling down.

dégriser, v.a., to sober; to cool, to bring to one’s senses.

se dégriser, v.r., to sober down; to come to one’s senses; to cool down; to lose one’s illusions.

dégrossage, n.m., drawing fine; (wire-drawing) reducing, thinning.

dégrosser, v.a., to reduce; to thin (ingots).

dégrossi, n.m., (arts) roughing, rough-hewing, roughing down; dressing, drawing.

dégrossir, v.a., to chip, to chip off the grosser parts; to rough-hew, to hew down; to clear up, to unravel; to make a rough sketch of. — un bloc de marbre; to chip a block of marble.

dégrossissage, n.m., (arts) roughing, rough-hewing; roughening down; (carp.) dressing, trimming.

*déguenillé, -e (dég-ni-ié), n.m.f. and adj., tatterdemalion, ragged person; tattered, ragged, in rags. Un grand —; a big tatterdemalion. Quelle est cette petite —e? who is that little girl in rags and tatters? Elle était toute —e; she was in rags and tatters. Un habit —; a ragged coat.

déguerpir, v.a., (jur.) to quit, to give up.

déguerpir (-ghèr-), v.n., to pack off, to move off; to be gone. Je le ferai bien —; I’ll make him pack off. — au plus vite; to be gone as fast as possible.

déguerpissement (-ghèr-pis-mān), n.m., (jur.) quitting; yielding, giving over, departure, removal.

dégueuler (-gheu-), v.n., (l.ex.) to spew, to vomit.

*déguignonner (-ghi-), v.a., to change ill-luck, to bring better luck to.

déguisement (-ghiz-mān), n.m., concealment, disguise. Parlez sans —; speak openly.

déguisable, adj., disguisable, concealable.

déguiser (-ghi-), v.a., to disguise, to conceal, to hide. On le déguisa en femme; they disguised him as a woman.

se déguiser, v.r., to disguise one’s self; to conceal from one’s self.

dégustateur, n.m., taster (of wines).

dégustation, n.f., tasting (of wines).

déguster, v.a., to taste (wines); to sip. Se —; to be tasted, to be sipped.

déhaler, v.n., (nav.) to tow out or back out.

déhâler, v.a., to take off sun-burns.

se déhâler, v.r., to clear one’s complexion.

déhanché, -e, adj., hipped, hipshot; (fig.) ungainly. n.m.f., hipshot person; ungainly man, woman or girl.

déhanchement, n.m., swinging about; twisting about.

se déhancher, v.r., to waddle, to swing about, to twist one’s body about.

déharnachement (-nash-mān), n.m., unharnessing.

déharnacher, v.a., to unharness.

déhiscence, n.f., (bot.) dehiscence.

déhiscent, -e, adj., (bot.) dehiscent.

déhonté, -e, adj., shameless, unabashed, C’est un homme —; he is a man destitute of shame.

dehors (dĕ-or), adv., out, without, out of doors, abroad, externally; (nav.) out, at sea. En —; without, outside. Au —; outwardly. De —; from without. Au dedans et au —; at home and abroad. Mettre quelqu’un —; to turn any one out of doors.

dehors, n.m., outside, exterior. pl., appearances; (fort.) outworks; dependencies, approaches, grounds (of a house). Sauver les —; to save appearances.

déhortatoire, adj., dehortatory.

déicide, n.m., deicide.

déification, n.f., deification.

déifier, v.a., to deify.

déisme, n.m., deism.

déiste, n.m., deist.

déiste, adj., deistical.

déité, n.f., deity, god, goddess, divinity.

déjà, adv., already, before, yet. Pas — si; not so very, not so great. Pas — tant; not so very much.

déjection, n.f., (med.) dejection; ejection, evacuation.

déjeté, -e, part., adj., warped, sprung.

se déjeter, v.r., to warp (of wood); (med.) to deviate.

déjettement (dé-jèt-mān), n.m., warping; deviation.

déjeuner or déjeuné, n.m., breakfast, breakfast-service. — à la fourchette; meat breakfast. Second —; luncheon. Un — de porcelaine; a porcelain breakfast-service.

déjeuner, v.n., to breakfast.

déjoindre, v.a., to disjoin, to disunite, to sever.

se déjoindre, v.r., to become disjoined, to separate, to part, to come apart.

déjouer, v.a., to baffle, to frustrate, to foil. — un projet; to baffle a project. — quelqu’un; to baffle any one, to foil any one.

déjouer, v.n., (fam.) to play badly; (nav.) to wave, to flutter (of the flag).

déjucher, v.n.a., to unroost, to come down from the roost. Je vous ferai bien — de là; I will make you come down from there.

déjuger, v.a., to judge differently.

se déjuger, v.r., to change, to reverse one’s opinion.

delà, prep., beyond; farther than, on the other side of. Au —, de —, par —, en —; beyond, further on, upwards. Deçà et —; right and left; all about. Jambe deçà, jambe —; one leg this side, the other that side.

délabré, -e, part., tattered, in rags, shabby, seedy; (of things) tumbledown, ramshackle. Une santé —e; shattered health. Un navire —; a dismantled vessel. Terre —e; land gone to waste. Un estomac —; a disordered stomach. Être —; to be all in tatters.

délabrement, n.m., ruin, decay, dilapidation; shabbiness, raggedness.

délabrer, v.a., to shatter, to ruin, to pull to pieces, to destroy, to tear to tatters.

se délabrer, v.r., to fall to tatters, to pieces, to go to ruin; to decay. Tous mes meubles se délabrent; all my furniture is going to wrack and ruin.

délacer, v.a., to unlace. — un corset; to unlace stays.

se délacer, v.r., to unlace one’s self; to come undone (of stays, strings, etc.).

délai, n.m., delay, extension of time, reprieve. User de —s; to put off, to procrastinate. Dans un — de; within (a given time).

délaiement, n.m., diluting.

délaissé, -e, part., abandoned, forlorn, forsaken, friendless. Des orphelins —s; helpless orphans.

délaissement (-lès-mān), n.m., destitution, forlornness, helplessness, desertion; (jur.) abandonment to a mortgagee.

délaisser, v.a., to forsake, to abandon; to cast off, to desert, to leave, to relinquish. Se —; to give up one’s property (in favor of another).

délardement, n.m., (arch.) unlarding; splay, slope, beveling, chamfering.

délarder, v.a., (arch.) to unlard, to splay, to bevel, to chamfer.

délassement (-lâs-mān), n.m., remission of attention or application, relaxation; repose, recreation, diversion.

délasser, v.a., to refresh, to relax, to divert. Le sommeil vous délasse; sleep refreshes one. Un changement d’occupation délasse l’esprit; a change of occupation relaxes the mind.

se délasser, v.r., to refresh one’s self, to rest.

délat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., informer, denouncer, accuser.

délation, n.f., information, denunciation, informing.

délatter, v.a., to unlath.

délavage, n.m., diluting of color (in drawing and water-color painting); soaking.

délavé, -e, adj., weak, pale, dim (of gems); diluted (of colors).

délaver, v.a., to dilute color (in drawing and water-color painting); to soak, imbibe with water.

se délaver, v.r., to become soaked, imbibed with water; to lose color.

délayable, adj., dilutable.

délayage, n.m., diluting, dilution.

délayant, n.m., (med.) diluent.

délayant, -e, adj., (med.) diluent.

délayement (-lè-i-mān), n.m., diluting.

délayer, v.a., to dilute; to temper (lime); to spin out.

déléatur, n.m., (—) (print.) dele.

délectable, adj., delicious, delectable, delightful.

délectablement, adv., deliciously, delightfully.

délectation, n.f., delectation, delight, gratification.

délecter, v.a., (l.u.) to delight.

se délecter, v.r., to take delight. Se — à l’étude; to delight in study.

délégant or délégat-eur, n.m., -e, -rice, n.f., delegator.

délégataire, n.m.f., delegatee.

délégation, n.f., delegation, assignment; proxy.

délégatoire, adj., delegatory.

délégué (-ghé), n.m., delegate, deputy; proxy.

délégué, -e, adj., delegated.

déléguer (-ghé), v.a., to delegate; to assign. — son autorité; to delegate one’s authority.

se déléguer, v.r., to be delegated, assigned.

délestage, n.m., (nav.) unballasting.

délester, v.a., to unballast.

délesteur, n.m., (nav.) ballast-heaver, ballast-lighter.

délétère, adj., deleterious.

délibérant, -e, adj., deliberative.

délibérati-f, -ve, adj., deliberative.

délibération, n.f., deliberation; resolution. Mettre en —; to bring under deliberation.

délibéré, -e, adj., deliberate, bold, decided, resolute. Marcher d’un pas —; to walk resolutely. De propos —; with set purpose, designedly, purposely.

délibéré, n.m., (jur.) deliberation.

délibérément, adv., deliberately, boldly, resolutely.

délibérer, v.n., to deliberate; to determine, to resolve. Il n’y a pas lieu à —; there is no occasion for deliberating. Il en sera délibéré; it shall be taken into consideration.

délicat, -e, adj., delicate, weak, dainty, nice, touchy, fastidious, ticklish. Vous êtes bien —; you are very fastidious. Faire le —; to be fastidious. Affaire —e; ticklish affair. Il est — sur le point d’honneur; he is very tender on points of honor. Il est — sur le manger; he is very dainty.

délicatement (-kat-mān), adv., delicately, daintily, tenderly. Peu —; indelicately.

☉délicater, v.a., to cocker, to fondle, to pamper. V. dorloter.

se délicater, v.r., to nurse one’s self, to indulge one’s self.

délicatesse, n.f., delicacy; tenderness; daintiness, scrupulousness, refinement; nicety (of language); ticklishness; squeamishness; considerateness. pl., dainties. Les —s d’une langue; the niceties of a language. Avoir une grande — de conscience; to have a very scrupulous conscience. Ce serait une — de votre part; it would be very nice of you.

délice, n.m.sing., délices, n.f.pl., delight, pleasure; deliciousness. Goûter les —s de la vie; to enjoy the delights of life. Faire ses —s d’une chose; to delight in a thing. Je faisais les —s de ma mère; I was my mother’s darling.

délicieusement (-eûz-mān), adv., deliciously, delightfully.

délicieu-x, -se, adj., delicious, delightful; capital. Cette histoire est —se; that’s a capital story.

se délicoter, v.r., (man.) to slip the halter.

délictueu-x, -se, adj., (jur.) unlawful, felonious.

délié, -e, adj., untied, loose; small, thin; light, easy, flowing (of style); slender, slim; cunning. Avoir l’esprit —; to be quick, shrewd. Avoir la langue —e; to have a voluble, glib tongue.

délié, n.m., (penmanship) thin stroke, up-stroke.

délier, v.a., to unbind; to untie; to liberate, to release, to absolve. — quelqu’un d’un serment; to free any one from an oath. On l’a délié de ses vœux; he was liberated from his vows.

se délier, v.r., to come untied, to get unfastened; to get loose.

délimitation, n.f., settling the limits, fixing the boundaries.

délimiter, v.a., to settle the boundaries, fix the limits.

délinéation, n.f., delineation.

délinéer, v.a., to delineate.

délinquant, n.m., -e, n.f., delinquent, offender.

☉délinquer, v.n., (jur.) to offend, to trespass.

déliot, n.m., finger-stall, thumb-stall.

déliquescence (-kès-sānss), n.f., (chem.) deliquescence.

déliquescent, -e, adj., (chem.) deliquescent.

deliquium (-kui-om), n.m., (chem.) deliquium.

délirant, -e, n. and adj., (med.) one who is delirious; delirious, frenzied, frantic; maddening, rapturous.

délire, n.m., delirium, frenzy, folly, deliriousness. Avoir le —; to rave. Tomber en —; to become delirious.

délirer, v.n., to be delirious, to rave, to wander.

delirium tremens (de-li-riom tré-mīnss), n.m., (n.p.) (med.) delirium tremens.

délissage, n.m., roughing, ruffling; sorting (of rags).

délisser, v.a., to rough, ruffle, sort.

délisseu-r, -se, n.m.f., sorter (of rags).

délit, n.m., misdemeanor, delinquency, offense; (mas.) wrong bed (of stone). En flagrant —; in the very act.

déliter, v.a., (mas.) to surbed (stones).

se déliter, v.r., to break in the grain; to cleave; to scale off.

délitescence (-tès-sāns), n.f., (med.) delitescence.

délivrance, n.f., deliverance, delivery; rescue, relief.

délivre, n.m., (anat.) after-birth; heam (of animals).

délivrer, v.a., to deliver, to release, to set free; to rid of, to hand over. — de prison; to release from prison. — de la marchandise; to deliver goods. Se faire —; to obtain, to take out.

se délivrer, v.r., to deliver one’s self, to free one’s self.

délivreur, n.m., deliverer; rescuer; (man.) ostler; groom; (techn.) one of the two drums of a cotton-machine.

délogement (-loj-mān), n.m., removal; change of quarters, departure, decamping.

déloger, v.n., to remove, to quit, to go from one’s house; to go away, to march off. — sans tambour ni trompette; to march off in silence, to steal away; to decamp quietly, to bolt in the night.

déloger, v.a., to turn out (of house); to oust; to drive away; (milit.) to dislodge.

délové, adj., (nav.) uncoiled (of rope).

délover, v.a., (nav.) to uncoil.

déloyal, -e, adj., disloyal, false, treacherous, unfair.

déloyalement (dé-loa-yal-mān), adv., disloyally, treacherously.

déloyauté, n.f., dishonesty, perfidiousness, treachery.

delta, n.m., (geog.) delta.

deltoïde, adj., (anat., bot.) deltoid.

déluge, n.m., deluge, flood. Un — de larmes; a flood of tears. Un — de paroles; a torrent of words.

déluré, adj., wide-awake, sharp.

délustrer, v.a., to take off the luster, the gloss of.

déluter, v.a., to unlute.

démagogie, n.f., demagogism.

démagogique, adj., demagogic, demagogical.

démagogue (-gog), n.m.f., demagogue.

démaigrir, v.n., (jest.) to recover flesh.

démaigrir, v.a., (arch.) to thin.

démailler, v.a., to undo the meshes of.

se démailler, v.r., to become undone.

*démailloter, v.a., to unswathe.

demain, adv., to-morrow. — matin; to-morrow morning. — soir; to-morrow night. Après —; the day after to-morrow. À — les affaires! we will talk of business another day!

demain, n.m., to-morrow. Avec lui c’est toujours —; he is always putting off, procrastinating.

démanché, -e, adj., off the handle; (fig.) ungainly, loose, dislocated, unconnected, disjointed.

démanché, n.m., an ungainly fellow; (mus.) shift.

démanchement (-mansh-mān), n.m., taking off (a handle); unhafting; (mus.) shift.

démancher, v.a., to take off the handle, to unhaft.

se démancher, v.r., to lose its handle; to go wrong; (mus.) to shift.

démancher, v.n., (nav.) to get out of the channel; (mus.) to shift.

demande, n.f., question, query, request, petition; demand, suit, inquiry; (com.) order, proposal; (mus.) subject of a fugue. Faire sa — par écrit; to present one’s request in writing. Appuyer une —; to second a request. À sotte — point de réponse; a silly question needs no answer.

demander, v.a., to ask, to beg, to request, to solicit, to sue for, to demand; (jur.) to pray; to desire; to wish, to want; to ask for, to call for; to inquire after; to require; (com.) to order. Faire —; to ask for. — l’aumône; to ask for alms. — son pain; to beg one’s bread. Que demandez-vous? what do you want? N’est-il venu personne me —? has nobody called for me? On vous demande; you are wanted. Cela demande une explication; that requires an explanation. On demande; wanted. Ne pas — mieux; to ask for nothing better; to be only too glad; to be most happy to.

demander, v.n., to ask, to beg; to wish, to request; to require, to demand.

se demander, v.r., to ask one’s self, to wonder.

demandeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., asker; applicant. À beau — beau refuseur; diamond cut diamond.

demande-ur, n.m., -resse, n.f., (jur.) demandant, plaintiff.

démangeaison (-jè-zon), n.f., itching; longing. Avoir une grande — de parler; to be dying to talk.

démanger, v.n., to itch; to long. La tête me démange; my head itches. Les pieds lui démangent; he longs to go out.

démanteler (-man-tlé), v.a., (milit.) to dismantle.

démantellement (tèl-mān), n.m., (fort., milit.) dismantling.

démantibuler, v.a., to break, to dislocate; to put out of order.

démarcation, n.f., demarcation. Ligne de —; line of demarcation.

démarche, n.f., gait, walk; proceeding, measure; step, course; application, overture. — noble; noble bearing. Faire une —; to take a step; to make an application. On observe toutes ses —s; all his steps are dogged.

démarier, v.a., to annul a marriage.

se démarier, v.r., to get unmarried.

démarquer, v.a., to unmark.

démarquer, v.n., to lose the mark of its age (of a horse).

démarrage, n.m., unmooring.

démarrer, v.a., to unmoor. — un cordage; to unbend a rope.

démarrer, v.n., to leave, to slip her moorings (of a ship); to move, to stir, to get away.

démasquer, v.a., to unmask; to show up. — une batterie; to unmask a battery.

se démasquer, v.r., to unmask, to take off one’s mask. Il s’est démasqué; he has pulled off his mask.

démâtage, n.m., (nav.) dismasting.

démâter, v.a., to dismast.

démâter, v.n., to lose her masts (of a ship).

démêlage, n.m., combing (of wool).

démêlé, n.m., strife, contest, contention, quarrel. Leur — est fini; their difference is at an end.

démêler, v.a., to disentangle, to separate; to contest; to distinguish; to discern, to clear up, to penetrate, to fathom, to unravel, to extricate; to untwist, to unfold; to comb out. Avoir à — avec; to have to do with. Je ne veux rien avoir à — avec lui; I will have nothing to do with him. — le vrai d’avec le faux; to distinguish truth from falsehood.

se démêler, v.r., to be unraveled; to be disentangled, to extricate one’s self; to get clear of, to comb one’s hair.

démêloir, n.m., large tooth-comb.

démembrement, n.m., dismemberment; dismembered part.

démembrer, v.a., to tear limb from limb; to dismember, to disjoint.

déménagement (-naj-mān), n.m., household removal, removing, change of residence. Voiture de —; furniture van.

déménager, v.a., to remove one’s furniture.

déménager, v.n., to remove (to change one’s residence). Sa raison déménage; he is getting childish.

déménageur, n.m., furniture-remover.

démence, n.f., insanity, madness, lunacy, mental aberration. Tomber en —; to become insane.

se démener, v.r., to stir, to struggle, to make a great fuss, to strive hard, to toil and moil. Se — avec vigueur; to struggle vigorously.

démenti, n.m., lie; flat contradiction, disappointment. Donner un — à quelqu’un; to give any one the lie. Vous en aurez le —; you will get the worst of it, be worsted.

démentir, v.a., to give the lie to, to contradict; to deny; to belie, to refute. Démentirez-vous votre signature? will you deny your signature? — sa gloire; to belie one’s fame. Ses actions démentent ses discours; his actions belie his language.

se démentir, v.r., to contradict one’s self; to belie one’s self; to fall off, to flag, to give way. Cet ouvrage se dément un peu vers la fin; this work falls off, flags, a little towards the end.

démérite, n.m., demerit.

démériter, v.n., to demerit. Je n’ai point démérité de vous, auprès de vous; I have done nothing to forfeit your esteem.

démesuré, -e, adj., huge, immoderate; inordinate, unbounded, excessive. Il a une envie —e de vous voir; he is dying to see you.

démesurément, adv., immoderately, inordinately, excessively, hugely.

démettre, v.a., to put out of joint, to dislocate; to dismiss; to turn out; (jur.) to overrule, to nonsuit.

se démettre, v.r., to be put out of joint; to resign, to throw up (an appointment). Il s’est démis le poignet; he has dislocated his wrist. Se — de son emploi; to resign one’s position.

démeublement, n.m., unfurnishing; absence of furniture.

démeubler, v.a., to unfurnish, to strip of furniture.

demeurant, n.m., remainder, residue.

au demeurant, adv., in other respects; after all, otherwise.

demeurant, -e, adj., (jur.) dwelling, living, abiding.

demeure, n.f., abode, home, dwelling, lodgings; stay; (jur.) delay. Changer sa —, de —; to change one’s lodgings. En —; behindhand; in arrears. Mettre en —; (jur.) to summon, to compel, to lay under the necessity. Être à —; to be a fixture, stationary. Cela n’est pas à —; that is only temporary. Péril en la —; danger in delay.

demeurer, v.n., to live, to lodge, to reside; to continue, to remain, to rest; to stay; to stand, to stop. — à la campagne; to live in the country. — en arrière; to stay behind. — sur son appétit; not to fully satisfy one’s appetite. Où en êtes-vous demeuré? where did you leave off? Demeurons-en là; let us keep to that, let us stop there. La victoire nous est demeurée; victory remained with us. — d’accord; to agree.

demi, n.m., (arith.) half. Deux demies font un entier; two halves make a whole.

demi, -e, adj., half. Un demi-pied; half a foot. Demi-soupir; (mus.) quaver rest. Un pied et —; a foot and a half. Une demi-heure; half an hour. Une heure et —e; an hour and a half. Entendre à demi-mot, (—-—s) to take in any one’s meaning at once. Demi-cercle, (—-—s) semi-circle. En demi-cercle; semi-circular. Demi-dieu, (—-—x) demi-god. À fourbe, fourbe et —; set a thief to catch a thief. N’en pas faire à —; not to stop half-way; to go right through with.

demi, adv., half. Il est à —-fou; he is half mad. Faire les choses à —; to do things by halves.

demie, n.f., the half-hour.

démieller, v.a., to take the honey off.

demi-bain, n.m., hip-bath.

demi-fleuron, n.m., (—-—s). V. fleuron.

demi-fortune, n.f., (—-—s) four-wheeled one-horse carriage.

demi-jour, n.m., twilight.

demi-lune, n.f., (—-—) (fort.) crescent, half-moon.

☉demi-métal, n.m., semi-metal.

demi-mot, n.m., hint.

demi-pension, n.f., half-board, partial-board.

demi-setier, n.m., (—-—s) half a pint English.

demi-solde, n.f., (n.p.) half-pay. Officier en —; half-pay officer.

démission, n.f., resignation. Donner sa —; to send in one’s resignation, to resign. Offrir sa —; to tender one’s resignation.

démissionnaire, n.m.f., resigner. Il est —; he has resigned his position.

démissionnaire, adj., who has resigned, thrown up (his commission), vacated his seat.

démissionner, v.n., to resign.

démitrer, v.a., (l.u.) to unmitre.

démobiliser, v.a., to demobilize.

démocrate, n.m.f., democrat.

démocratie, n.f., democracy.

démocratique, adj., democratic.

démocratiquement, adv., democratically.

démocratiser, v.a.n., to democratize.

se démocratiser, v.r., to become democratized.

démodé, -e, adj., out of fashion, antiquated, old-fashioned.

demoiselle, n.f., young lady; unmarried lady; young girl; gentlewoman; hot water-bottle; dragon-fly; (orni.) Numidian crane; paving-beetle.

démolir, v.a., to demolish, to pull down, to subvert, to overthrow, to destroy. Je l’ai démoli; I floored him.

démolisseur, n.m., demolisher, subverter.

démolition, n.f., demolition. pl., old building materials. Par suite de —s; because of the pulling down of the building.

démon, n.m., devil, fiend; demon; genius. Petit —; little demon (child). Faire le —; to play the devil. Quel — vous agite? what evil spirit torments you?

démonétisation, n.f., withdrawal from circulation (of money); calling in.

démonétiser, v.a., to withdraw from circulation; to call in (money).

démoniaque, adj., demoniacal, demoniac.

démoniaque, n.m.f., demoniac, demon, devil.

démonographe, n.m., demonographer.

démonographie, n.f., demonology.

démonologie, n.f., demonology.

démonomanie, n.f., demonomania.

démonstrateur, n.m., demonstrator, lecturer.

démonstrati-f, -ve, adj., demonstrative.

démonstration, n.f., demonstration, proof.

démonstrativement (-tiv-mān), adv., demonstratively.

démontable, adj., that can be taken to pieces.

démontage, n.m., taking to pieces.

démonter, v.a., to dismount, to unhorse; to nonplus, to baffle; to alter (one’s countenance); to take to pieces, to undo; (nav.) to supersede, to unship. — le gouvernail; to unship the rudder. — un capitaine; to supersede a captain.

se démonter, v.r., that may be taken to pieces (of machinery); to lose one’s countenance; to be unhinged; to be nonplused or disconcerted; to be getting out of order or of gear (of machinery); to become impaired (of the health).

démontrable, adj., demonstrable.

démontrer, v.a., to demonstrate, to prove.

démoralisat-eur, -rice, adj., corrupting, demoralizing.

démoralisation, n.f., demoralization.

démoraliser, v.a., to demoralize.

☉démoraliseur, n.m., corrupter.

démordre, v.n., to let go one’s hold; to depart, to desist, to retract, to yield. Faire — quelqu’un; to make one change his resolution. Il n’en démordra pas; he will not abate an inch, he will stick to.

démotique, adj., demotic.

démoucheter, v.a., to take off the button of a foil, to uncap.

se démoucheter, v.r., to become uncapped.

démoulage, n.m., taking from the mold.

démouler, v.a., to take from the mold.

démunir, v.a., to strip a place of ammunition; to deprive; to leave unprovided.

se démunir, v.r., to deprive one’s self, to part with; to leave one’s self unprovided for.

démurer, v.a., to unwall, to open.

démuseler (-muz-lé), v.a., to unmuzzle.

dénaire, adj., denary.

dénanti, -e, adj., unsecured, unprovided; stripped, bare.

dénantir, v.a., to deprive of security.

se dénantir, v.r., to give up securities, to part with.

dénationaliser, v.a., to denationalize.

dénatter, v.a., to unmat.

dénaturalisation, n.f., denaturalization.

dénaturaliser, v.a., to denaturalize.

dénaturation, n.f., (chem.) debasement, misrepresentation; perversion, sophistication.

dénaturé, -e, adj., unnatural, barbarous, cruel.

dénaturer, v.a., to alter the nature of; to deface, to disfigure; to change, to misrepresent, to pervert, to distort; (chem.) to debase.

dendrite (din-), n.f., (min.) dendrite.

déndroïde (din-), adj., (bot.) dendroid.

dénégation, n.f., denial; (law) traverse.

dénégatoire, adj., (law) traversing.

déni, n.m., (jur.) denial, refusal. — de justice; refusal of justice.

déniaisé, -e, adj., sharpened, who has had his eyes opened, cunning. Un homme —; a cunning, crafty man.

déniaiser, v.a., to sharpen the wits of; to cheat, to take in, to dupe, to open the eyes of.

se déniaiser, v.r., to learn wit, to become sharp, to grow cunning.

déniché, -e, part., gone, flown. Les oiseaux sont —s; the birds have flown.

dénicher, v.a., to take out of its nest; to turn out; to hunt out; to find out. — une statue; to take a statue out of its niche.

dénicher, v.n., to forsake its nest (of a bird); to hasten away; to make off, to run away. Allons, il faut —; come, be off with you.

dénicheur, n.m., birds’-nester. Un — de merles; sharper. Un — de fauvettes; fortune-hunter; lady-killer.

denier, n.m., (antiq.) denarius; denier; money; farthing; mite; cash, funds; rate of interest; (pharm.) scruple; old French copper coin worth ⅟₁₃th of a farthing; (coin.) weight of a little above 1¼ grammes. — à Dieu; earnest money. A beaux —s comptants; in cash, in ready money. Les —s publics; the public money. ☉Au — vingt-cinq; four per cent. Le — de Saint Pierre; Peter’s pence. Le — de la veuve; the widow’s mite. Cet homme n’a pas un — vaillant; that man is not worth a farthing. Rendre compte à livres sous et —s; to account to the uttermost farthing.

dénier, v.a., to deny, to refuse. Se —; to be denied; to deny one’s self.

dénigrant, adj., disparaging.

dénigrement, n.m., vilifying, disparagement.

dénigrer, v.a., to disparage, to traduce, to vilify.

dénombrement, n.m., enumeration, census, list.

dénombrer, v.a., to number, to enumerate.

dénominateur, n.m., (arith.) denominator.

dénominati-f, -ve, adj., denominative.

dénomination, n.f., denomination, name.

dénominer, v.a., (jur.) to denominate, to mention by name.

dénoncer, v.a., to denounce, to inform against, to impeach, to announce, to lodge information against; to give notice, to proclaim, to declare.

dénonciat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., denunciator, informer, accuser.

dénonciation, n.f., denunciation, denouncement, declaration, intimation.

☉dénotation, n.f., denotation.

dénoter, v.a., to describe; to denote, to betoken.

dénouement or dénoûment, n.m., event, issue; denouement, catastrophe, unraveling; undoing, ending (of a play).

dénouer, v.a., to untie, to loose; to give elasticity; to solve (difficulties); to unravel (plots).

se dénouer, v.r., to untie, to unravel, to unfold, to clear up. Sa langue s’est dénouée à la fin; he has spoken out at last.

denrée, n.f., commodity, wares, provisions. Il vend bien sa —; he makes the most of his talents.

dense, adj., dense, close, thick.

densité, n.f., density, thickness.

dent, n.f., tooth; notch; cog; prong. —s de lait; first teeth. —s de sagesse; wisdom teeth. —s d’en haut; upper teeth. —s d’en bas; lower teeth. Faire ses —s; to cut one’s teeth. Les —s percent à cet enfant; that child is cutting his teeth. Les —s lui claquent; his teeth chatter. Serrer les —s; to set the teeth. Grincer des —s; to gnash the teeth. Une — qui branle; a loose tooth. Le mal de —s; the toothache. Avoir mal aux —s; to have a toothache. Les —s lui tombent; he is losing his teeth. L’alvéole d’une —; the socket of a tooth. Se curer les —s; to pick one’s teeth. Le fruit vert agace les —s; green fruit sets the teeth on edge. Une vieille sans —; a toothless hag. Armé jusqu’aux —s; armed to the teeth. N’avoir pas de quoi mettre sous la —; not to have a morsel to put in one’s mouth. Avoir une — contre quelqu’un; to have an old grudge against one. Déchirer à belles —s; to tear to pieces, to rend any one. Chacun lui donne un coup de —; every one has a fling at him. Être sur les —s; to be tired out, done up. Montrer les —s à quelqu’un; to show one’s teeth to any one. Ne pas desserrer les —s; not to open one’s lips. Parler entre ses —s; to speak betwixt one’s teeth. Parler des grosses —s; to talk big. Prendre le mors aux —s; to run away (of horses); to be earnest in business. Rire du bout des —s; to sham a laugh, to pretend to laugh. Murmurer entre ses —s; to mutter to one’s self. C’est vouloir prendre la lune avec les —s; it is aiming at impossibilities. Les —s d’une roue; the cogs of a wheel. Ce couteau a des —s; that knife is notched. Manger du bout des —s; to eat with no appetite, to play with one’s food. Avoir les —s bien longues; to be very hungry.

dentaire, adj., dental.

dentaire, n.f., (bot.) dentaria, toothwort.

dental, -e, adj., (gram.) dental.

dentale, n.m., (conch.) dentalium, dental, tooth-shell.

dentale, n.f., (gram.) dental.

dent-de-lion, n.m., (—s-—) dandelion.

denté, -e, adj., toothed; (bot.) dentated. Roue —e; cogged wheel. Feuille —e en scie; serrated leaf.

dentée, n.f., bite from a hound; rip (of a tusk).

dentelaire, n.f., (bot.) lead-wort.

dentelé, -e (dānt-lé), adj., notched, jagged, denticulated, toothed, indented.

dentelé, n.m., (anat.) denticulated muscle.

denteler, v.a., to indent, to notch, to jag, to tooth, to cog.

dentelle, n.f., lace, lace-work. Manchettes à —; lace ruffles.

dentelli-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., lace-man, lace-woman, lace-maker.

dentelure (dān-tlur), n.f., jagging, notching, denticulation, indenting.

denticulé, -e, adj., (bot.) denticulated, indented.

denticules, n.m.pl., (arch.) denticles.

dentier (-tié), n.m., set of teeth (natural or artificial).

dentifrice, n.m., dentifrice. adj., good for the teeth. Poudre —; tooth-powder.

dentiste, n.m., dentist.

dentisterie, n.f., dentistry.

dentition, n.f., dentition, cutting of teeth.

denture, n.f., set of teeth; (horl.) teeth range.

dénudation, n.f., denudation.

dénuder, v.a., to denude; to lay bare; to strip.

dénué, -e, adj., destitute; void; devoid. — de support; bereft of support. — d’esprit; devoid of wit.

dénuement or dénûment, n.m., destitution, deprivation, penury, want.

dénuer, v.a., to strip, to leave destitute.

se dénuer, v.r., to strip one’s self; to leave one’s self destitute.

dépaillage, n.m., unbottoming (of chairs).

dépailler, v.a., to unbottom.

se dépailler, v.r., to lose its straw-seat.

dépaissance, n.f., pasturage, high pasture ground.

dépalissage, n.m., (hort.) unpaling.

dépalisser, v.a., to unpale.

dépaqueter (dé-pak-té), v.a., to unpack.

dépareillé, -e, adj., unmatched, imperfect, odd.

*dépareiller, v.a., to unmatch, to spoil the pair of, to render incomplete. — des gants; to unmatch gloves. Livres dépareillés; odd goods.

déparer, v.a., to undress (altars); to strip; to disfigure, to take away the beauty; to disparage.

déparier, v.a., to take away one (of a pair); to separate.

déparler, v.n., to cease talking, to talk nonsense.

déparquer, v.a., to unpen (of oysters); to unbed.

départ, n.m., departure, setting out; (chem.) parting; (metal.), departure. Être sur son —; to be on the eve of setting out.

départager, v.a., to settle by a casting vote. — les voix, les suffrages; to give a casting-vote.

département, n.m., distribution; department; line, business (province or business assigned to a particular person). Les —s de la France; the departments of France. — des affaires étrangères; foreign-office. — de l’intérieur; home-office. Cela n’est pas de son —; that does not lie in his province.

départemental, -e, adj., departmental.

départir, v.a., to distribute, to divide, to endow, to bestow, to allot, to grant.

se départir, v.r., to depart, to desist, to swerve, to deviate. Il s’est départi de sa demande; he has desisted from his demand. Se — de son devoir; to swerve from one’s duty.

dépassement, n.m., over-extension, excess.

dépasser, v.a., to go beyond; to exceed, to surpass; to outsail; to overreach, to overstep; to be higher or taller; to draw out (ribbons). — ses pouvoirs; to exceed one’s powers. Il me dépasse de trois pouces; he is taller than I am by three inches.

dépâtissage, n.m., sorting (of type).

dépâtisser, v.a., (print.) to sort and distribute (type).

dépavage, n.m., unpaving.

dépaver, v.a., to unpave, to take up the pavement.

dépaysé, -e, part., away from home, out of one’s element. Se trouver — dans une société; to feel out of one’s element.

dépayser (-pè-i-zé), v.a., to take, to send from home; to remove; to put out; to put on a wrong scent.

se dépayser, v.r., to leave one’s home; to go abroad; to get out of one’s element.

dépècement (-pès-mān), n.m., cutting up, cutting in pieces, carving, breaking up, tearing up; dismemberment; eating away (of the sea).

dépecer (dép-sé), v.a., to cut up, to carve, to cut in pieces; to dismember; to eat away. — une volaille; to cut up a fowl. — de la viande; to carve meat.

dépeceur, n.m., carver, cutter, meat-dresser.

dépêche, n.f., dispatch (letter on affairs of state); (com.) correspondence, mail, telegram. Les —s; the post-bag. Faire les —s; to make up the dispatches, the mails.

à dépêche-compagnon, adv., hurriedly, carelessly. Travailler à —; to hurry over one’s work. Se battre à —; to give no quarter in fighting.

se dépêcher, v.r., to make haste, to look sharp. Dépêchez-vous; make haste.

dépêcher, v.a., to send off dispatches, a courier, a messenger; to dispatch; to be quick, to do things quickly, to hasten; to make way with any one, to kill.

dépêcher, v.n., to dispatch, to hurry off, to send off a courier, or messenger, in haste. On a dépêché à Vienne; a courier has been sent to Vienna.

dépeçoir, n.m., chopping-knife.

dépeindre, v.a., to depict; to describe; to portray; to paint; to represent.

dépelotonner, v.a., to unwind.

se dépelotonner, v.r., to become unwound.

*dépenaillé, -e, adj., (fam.) tattered, ragged, in rags; ill-clad; slatternly; emaciated.

*dépenaillement, n.m., raggedness; faded appearance (of the face).

dépendamment (-da-mān), adv., (l.u.) dependently.

dépendance, n.f., dependence; appendage; out-house; offices; out-building. Être dans la — de quelqu’un; to be dependent on any one. Tenir quelqu’un dans la —; to keep any one in a state of dependancy.

dépendant, -e, adj., dependent. En —; (nav.) edging off.

dépendre, v.a., to take down; to unhang.

dépendre, v.n., to depend; to be dependent; to rest. Cela dépend de moi; that depends on, rests with, me.

dépens, n.m.pl., expense, cost. Vivre aux — d’autrui; to live at other people’s expense. Faire la guerre à ses —; to play a losing game. Il a gagné son procès avec —; (jur.) he gained his lawsuit with costs.

dépense, n.f., expense; expenditure; outlay, waste, flow; steward’s office; pantry. pl., supplies. Comité des —s; committee of supplies. De folles —s; extravagant expense. —s de bouche; living expenses. La — du ménage; household expense. Sa — excède ses revenus; his expenditure exceeds his income. Ne pas plaindre la —; not to spare expense. Faire de la —; to spend money. Faire la —; to do the housekeeping. Aimer la —; to like spending money.

dépenser, v.a., to spend, to expend; to consume; (b.s.) to waste. Il aime à —; he is fond of spending. Se —; to be spent.

dépensi-er, -ère, n., adj., extravagant person, spendthrift; extravagant.

dépensier, n.m., burser; (nav.) purser’s steward.

déperdition, n.f., deperdition, loss, waste; (med.) discharge.

dépérir, v.n., to perish, to decline, to pine away, to waste, to wither, to dwindle, to waste away, to decay, to go to ruin.

dépérissement (-ris-mān), n.m., wasting away, decay, withering, falling away.

dépersuader, v.a., to dissuade.

dépêtrer, v.a., to disentangle, to extricate, to disengage, to clear, to free.

se dépêtrer, v.r., to get out of; to rid one’s self of, to get clear of.

dépeuplement, n.m., depopulation; thinning (of forests).

dépeupler, v.a., to unpeople, to depopulate, to unstock, to thin. — un colombier; to unstock a pigeon-house. — une forêt; to thin a forest.

se dépeupler, v.r., to be depopulated, to be unstocked.

dépiécer, v.a. V. dépecer.

dépilage, n.m., taking off the hair or the fleece (of hides).

dépilati-f, -ve, adj., depilatory.

dépilation, n.f., depilation.

dépilatoire, n.m., depilatory.

se dépiler, v.r., to lose the hair (of animals).

dépiquage, n.m., (agri.) treading out (corn, etc.).

dépiquer, v.a., to unquilt, to unstitch; to cheer up. — quelqu’un; to cheer any one; to put any one in a better humor; (gard.) to transplant.

se dépiquer, v.r., to recover one’s good humor; to recoup one’s self.

dépister, v.a., (hunt.) to track; to ferret out, to hunt out; to throw off the scent.

dépit, n.m., spite, vexation. Avoir du —; to be vexed. Il pleurait de —; he wept for vexation. Faire quelque chose par —; to do a thing out of spite. En — de; in spite of. Ecrire en — du bon sens; to write nonsense.

dépiter, v.a., to vex, to spite.

se dépiter, v.r., to be vexed, to be in a pet, to get out of temper.

déplacé, -e, part., displaced, misplaced, ill-timed, unbecoming. Discours —; uncalled for speech.

déplacement (dé-plas-mān), n.m., displacement, change of place; removal.

déplacer, v.a., to displace, to misplace, to remove, to change.

se déplacer, v.r., to change one’s place, to leave one’s place, one’s residence; (of things) to be displaced.

déplaire, v.n., to displease, to offend; to incur the displeasure of any one; to be unpleasant, disagreeable, to give offense. Ne vous en déplaise; with your leave, if you don’t mind. N’en déplaise à; with all due deference to.

se déplaire, v.r., to dislike, to be displeased with, to displease each other; not to thrive (of animals, plants). Je ne me déplairais pas ici; I should not dislike living here. Les troupeaux se déplaisent dans ce lieu-là; the flocks do not thrive in that place.

déplaisance, n.f., dislike, aversion.

déplaisant, -e, adj., unpleasant, disagreeable, annoying, obnoxious.

déplaisir, n.m., displeasure, dislike, annoyance, grief, sorrow, trouble, affliction.

déplantage, n.m., or déplantation, n.f., displanting.

déplanter, v.a., to displant.

déplantoir, n.m., (gard.) trowel.

déplâtrage, n.m., unplastering.

déplâtrer, v.a., (mas.) to unplaster.

dépleurer, v.n., to cease weeping.

déplier, v.a., to unfold, to open; to lay out, display (goods).

déplissage, n.m., unplaiting.

déplisser, v.a., to unplait.

se déplisser, v.r., to come out of plait.

déploiement or déploîment (dé-ploa-mān), n.m., display, unfolding; (milit.) deployment.

déplombage, n.m., unstopping; unsealing.

déplomber, v.a., to unlead, to unload (a stick); to unstop (a tooth).

déplorable, adj., deplorable, lamentable, wretched.

déplorablement, adv., deplorably, lamentably, wretchedly.

déplorer, v.a., to deplore, to bewail, to lament, to mourn; to regret.

déployé, -e, adj., unfolded, displayed, open. Voguer à voiles —es; (nav.) to be under full sail. À gorge —e; at the top of one’s voice, lustily, with all one’s might.

déployer, v.a., to unfold, to unroll, to unfurl, to set out, to display, to open, to show, to stretch, to spread; (milit.) to deploy. — les voiles; to spread the sails. — toute son éloquence; to put forth all one’s eloquence.

se déployer, v.r., to unroll, to display one’s self; (milit.) to deploy.

déplumé, -e, adj., unplumed, unfeathered.

déplumer, v.a., to unplume, to deprive of feathers; to pluck, to pick.

se déplumer, v.r., to molt, to shed feathers.

dépocher, v.a.n., to take out of one’s pocket; to fork out, stump up.

dépolir, v.a., to take off the polish. — du verre; to rough glass. Le feu dépolit le marbre; fire takes the polish off marble.

dépolissage, n.m., (of glass) roughing.

déponent, adj., n.m., (gram.) deponent.

dépopulariser, v.a., to render unpopular.

se dépopulariser, v.r., to become unpopular.

dépopulation, n.m., depopulation.

déport, n.m., delay; (jur.) challenging one’s self; (on change) backwardation.

déportation, n.f., deportation (transportation), exile, banishment.

déporté, n.m., person sentenced to deportation; transport, convict.

déportements, n.m.pl., misconduct; evil-doings.

déporter, v.a., to deport, to transport for life; to banish, to exile.

se déporter, v.r., to desist from. Se — de ses prétentions; to withdraw one’s claims.

déposant, -e, adj., depositing; giving evidence.

déposant, n.m., -e, n.f., deponent; witness; bailer.

déposer, v.a., to lay down; to lay aside; to strip, to divest, to depose; to deposit; to give evidence; to lodge (a complaint). On le déposa de sa charge; he was removed from office. — son bilan; to file one’s schedule.

déposer, v.n., to settle, to leave a sediment (of liquids); to give evidence.

dépositaire, n.m., depositary, trustee, guardian; consignee.

déposition, n.f., deposition, deprivation; deposing; évidence. La — porte que; the evidence says that.

déposséder, v.a., to dispossess, to oust.

dépossesseur, n.m., dispossessor.

dépossession, n.f., dispossession, deprivation.

déposter, v.a., to drive from a post, to dislodge.

dépôt, n.m., depositing, deposit, trust; lodgment (of money); depository, warehouse; depot, agency; sediment, settling. — de mendicité; poorhouse, workhouse. Faire un —; to make a deposit. En —; as a deposit in trust; (com.) on sale.

dépotage, n.m., decanting.

dépoter, v.a., to take out of a pot; to decant.

dépotoir, n.m., general deposit of night-soil.

dépoudrer, v.a., to unpowder.

se dépoudrer, v.r., to unpowder one’s hair.

*dépouille, n.f., spoil; slough, skin, hide; wardrobe (of persons deceased); remains; spoils, booty; crop; exuviæ. — mortelle; mortal remains. La — d’un serpent; the slough of a serpent. L’âme quitta sa — mortelle; the soul forsook its earthly tenement. Il a laissé sa — à un tel; he left his wardrobe to such a one. —s opimes; spolia opima. Il s’enrichit des —s d’autrui; he enriches himself with the spoils of others.

*dépouillé, -e, part., stripped; naked. Jouer au roi —; (fig. and fam.) to compass the ruin of any one.

*dépouillement (dé-poo-i-mān), n.m., spoliation; despoiling; privation; scrutiny (of a ballot-box); abstract (of an account). Au — du scrutin; on the counting of the votes.

*dépouiller, v.a., to unclothe; to strip; to skin, to lay bare; to despoil, to deprive; to throw off; to cast off (of insects); to lay aside; to gather (crops); to inspect (a ballot-box); to present an abstract (of accounts). — ses vêtements; to throw off one’s clothes. — une anguille; to skin an eel.

se *dépouiller, v.r., to shed its skin (of insects and animals); to molt; to divest one’s self of; to strip one’s self of; to throw off; to dispense with; to renounce.

dépouilleur, n.m., teller (of votes by ballot).

dépourvoir, v.a., to leave unprovided or destitute.

se dépourvoir, v.r., to leave one’s self unprovided. Se — d’argent; to leave one’s self without cash.

dépourvu, -e, adj., destitute, unprovided, devoid. Au —; unawares. Pris au —; caught napping.

dépravation, n.f., depravity, depravement; depravation.

dépravé, -e, adj., vitiated, depraved. Goût —; depraved taste.

dépraver, v.a., to vitiate, to deprave.

se dépraver, v.r., to become vitiated, depraved. Son goût se déprave; his taste is becoming vitiated.

déprécati-f, -ve, adj., (theol.) deprecatory.

déprécation, n.f., deprecation.

dépréciat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., depreciator.

dépréciation, n.f., dépréciation.

déprécier, v.a., to depreciate, to undervalue, to slight; to run down, to disparage; to underrate.

se déprécier, v.r., to depreciate one’s self; (of things) to fall in value.

déprédat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., depredator.

déprédat-eur, -rice, adj., predatory.

déprédation, n.f., plundering, depredation, malversation.

dépréder, v.a., (l.u.) to depredate, to plunder.

déprendre, v.a., to loosen, to part.

se déprendre, v.r., to get detached or loose; to give up, to renounce.

dépression, n.f., hollow, depression, falling in; (astron., anat., surg.) depression.

déprier, v.a., to disinvite.

déprimer, v.a., to press down, to depress; to underrate.

se déprimer, v.a., to be flattened, depressed.

déprisant, -e, adj., depreciating.

dépriser, v.a., to undervalue, to underrate; to disparage.

de profundis (-fon-dis), n.m., (c.rel.) de profundis.

dépuceler, v.a., to deflower.

depuis, adv., since, afterwards, ever after, since that time. Je ne l’ai point vu —; I have not seen him since.

depuis, prep., since, from, after, for the last. — la création du monde; since the creation of the world. — peu; lately. — quand? how long since? — deux ans; two years since. — longtemps; for a long time. — ce temps-là; ever after; since then. — quelque temps; for some time.

depuis que, conj., since. — — vous êtes parti; since you went away.

dépurati-f, -ve, adj., depurative.

dépuration, n.f., depuration.

dépuratoire, adj., depuratory.

dépurer, v.a., to depurate.

députation, n.f., deputation; deputyship.

député, n.m., deputy, delegate; M.P.

députer, v.a., to depute, to send.

députer, v.n., to send a deputation.

déracinement (-si-n-mān), n.m., rooting up, eradication.

déraciner, v.a., to root up, to pluck up, to pull up by the root, to eradicate, extirpate. — un cor; to cut out a corn. — un mal; to eradicate an evil.

se déraciner, v.r., to unroot, to be torn up by the roots.

dérader, v.n., (nav.) to be driven out to sea.

déraidir, v.a., to unstiffen, to make pliant, to soften.

se déraidir, v.r., to grow pliant, soft, supple.

*déraillement, n.m., running off the rails.

*dérailler, v.n., to run off the rails, to leave the metals.

*dérailler, v.a., to throw off the rails.

déraison, n.f., unreasonableness, folly, irrationality, preposterousness.

déraisonnable, adj., senseless, unreasonable, void of reason, preposterous.

déraisonnablement, adv., unreasonably, irrationally, preposterously.

déraisonnement, n.m., irrational talk.

déraisonner, v.n., to reason falsely, to talk nonsense, to talk irrationally.

dérangé, -e, adj., out of order, deranged, crazy; unwell, out of sorts. Estomac —; disordered stomach.

dérangement (dé-rānj-mān), n.m., derangement, discomposure, trouble, embarrassment; disorder, disturbance.

déranger, v.a., to derange, to put out of its place, out of order, to displace; to discompose; to disconcert, to incommode, to put out of sorts, to unsettle, to disturb, to upset. Cela m’a tout dérangé; that has quite disconcerted me. La moindre chose le dérange; the least thing in the world unsettles or upsets him.

se déranger, v.r., to be deranged; to get out of order; to be unwell; to trouble or disturb oneself; to misconduct oneself; to lead a disorderly life.

déraper, v.n., (nav.) to get atrip; to side-slip (of bicycles). L’ancre a dérapé; the anchor is atrip. Faire — une ancre; to trip an anchor.

dérâper, v.a., to pick (grapes) from the bunch.

dératé, -e, adj., deprived of spleen, lively; cunning, sharp. Courir comme un —; to go like a shot; to run like a greyhound.

dérater, v.a., to take out, to extract, the spleen.

derby, n.m., derby.

derechef, adv., over again, afresh, anew, again.

déréglé, -e, adj., irregular, intemperate; exorbitant; unruly; dissolute, profligate, lawless. Vie —e; irregular life. Appétit —; immoderate appetite. Imagination —e; disordered imagination. Désirs —s; inordinate desires. Une conduite —e; disorderly conduct.

déréglement, n.m., intemperateness; irregularity; unruliness, riot, disorder; dissoluteness, licentiousness, profligacy. Vivre dans le —; to lead a disorderly life.

déréglément, adv., disorderly, inordinately, intemperately, dissolutely, loosely.

dérégler, v.a., to put out of order, to disorder.

se dérégler, v.r., to be out of order, to be deranged; to lead a disorderly life.

dérêner, v.n., to unrein, to unbridle.

dérider, v.a., to unwrinkle, to take away the wrinkles, to smooth, to clear, to cheer up. La joie déride le front; joy smooths the brow.

se dérider, v.r., to unbend one’s brow; to cheer up; to relax, to unbend.

dérimer, v.a., to turn verse into prose.

dérision, n.f., derision, mockery, ridicule. Par —; out of ridicule. Tourner tout en —; to turn everything into ridicule.

dérisoire, adj., derisive, derisory, mocking.

dérivati-f, -ve, adj., derivative.

dérivatif, n.m., derivative, counter-irritant.

dérivation, n.f., derivation.

dérive, n.f., drift, lee-way. En or À la —; adrift. Avoir belle —; (nav.) to have good sea-room.

dérivé, -e, adj., derivative; drifted.

dérivé, n.m., (gram.) derivative.

dériver, v.n., to be derived; to get clear of the shore; (nav.) to drift; to derive, to proceed from. Faire —; to derive.

dériver, v.a., to derive; to divert, turn off (of rivers).

derme, n.m., (anat.) derma.

derni-er, -ère, adj., last; highest, greatest, vilest, meanest; youngest (of a family of children); (mus.) closing. En — lieu; in the last place. En — ressort; as a last appeal. Rendre le — soupir; to breathe one’s last. C’est la —e lettre qu’il ait écrite; it is the last letter he wrote. Mettre la —e main à quelque chose; to put the finishing touch to anything. Une affaire de la —e importance; an affair of the greatest importance. Arriver au — degré; to arrive at the highest degree. Cela est du — ridicule; that is ridiculous to a degree. Aux —s les bons morceaux; last come, best served.

derni-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., last; end of the gallery (tennis). Le — des hommes; the vilest of men. Jusqu’au —; to the last. Dernier-né, (—s-—s) last born male child.

dernièrement, adv., lately, of late, latterly, recently.

dérobé, -e, part., stolen, hidden, secret, concealed; spare, leisure (of time); (arch.) private. Escalier —; private staircase. Fèves —es; beans taken out of their skins. À la —e; by stealth, clandestinely. S’en aller à la —e; to steal away, to slip out. Heures —es; leisure hours.

dérober, v.a., to rob, to steal, to pilfer, to plunder, to purloin; to conceal, to hide, to protect, to screen, to shelter; to shell (beans). — quelqu’un à la justice; to screen anyone from justice.

se dérober, v.r., to steal away, to escape, to disappear, to avoid, to shun. Il s’est dérobé; he has stolen away. Se — à la justice; to fly from justice. Le vaisseau se déroba bientôt à la vue; the ship was soon lost to view.

dérochage, n.m., scouring (of metals).

dérocher, v.a., to scour (of metals).

dérogation, n.f., derogation.

dérogatoire, adj., derogatory.

dérogeance, n.f., forfeiture (of nobility).

dérogeant, -e (-jānt, -t), adj., derogatory.

déroger, v.n., to derogate; to take away, to detract; to condescend; to stoop. — à l’usage établi; to act contrary to established custom. — à la noblesse; to forfeit one’s nobility.

☉déroidir. V. déraidir.

dérougir, v.a., to take off the redness.

se dérougir, v.r., to lose its redness.

dérougir, v.n., to lose its redness.

*dérouillement, n.m., removal of rust.

*dérouiller, v.a., to remove the rust, to polish, to brighten up.

*se dérouiller, v.r., to lose its rust; to rub off the rust; to polish up; to read up a subject. L’esprit se dérouille dans le grand monde; good company rubs the rust off one’s mind.

déroulement (dé-rool-mān), n.m., unrolling; production of the evolute (of curves).

dérouler, v.a., to unroll; to spread out, to display; (geom.) to produce the evolute. — les merveilles de la création; to unfold the wonders of creation.

se dérouler, v.r., to unroll, to unfold; to display itself; to spread out; to open to the view; (of the waves) to roll in.

déroute, n.f., rout, defeat, overthrow, ruin; failure, disorder, confusion. Mettre une armée en —; to rout an army. Mettre quelqu’un en —; to confuse, to nonplus, to silence anyone. En pleine —; in full flight. Ses affaires sont en —; he is in a bad way (financially).

dérouter, v.a., to embarrass, to bewilder; to disconcert, to perplex; to baffle, to foil. Je suis tout dérouté; I am quite out of my latitude.

derrière, prep., behind, behind one’s back. Laisser loin — soi; to leave far behind one. Regardez — vous; look behind you.

derrière, adv., behind. Par —; from behind. Porte de —; back-door; (fig.) evasion.

derrière, n.m., hind, hinder part; posteriors; tail-board (of a cart); breech. Être logé sur le —; to lodge at the back of the house. Montrer le —; to turn tail, to show the white feather.

derviche or dervis, n.m., dervis.

des, art.pl., of the; from the. V. de.

dès, prep., from, since, as early as. — le point du jour; from break of day. — le berceau; from the cradle. — à présent; from this moment, forthwith, henceforth. — lors; from that time.

dès que, conj., when, as soon as; since. Dès qu’il parut; as soon as he appeared. — — (for du moment que) vous le souhaitez; since you wish it.

désabonnement, n.m., withdrawal of subscription.

se désabonner, v.r., to withdraw one’s subscription (from a newspaper or periodical).

désabuser, v.a., to disabuse, to undeceive.

se désabuser, v.r., to undeceive one’s self. Désabusez-vous; undeceive yourself.

désaccord, n.m., disagreement; (mus.) discord. Être en —; to be at variance. Être en — avec soi-même; to be inconsistant with one’s self.

désaccorder, v.a., to untune, to set at variance.

se désaccorder, v.r., to get out of tune.

désaccouplement, n.m., uncoupling.

désaccoupler, v.a., to uncouple.

se désaccoupler, v.r., to uncouple, to get uncoupled; to come asunder.

désaccoutumance, n.f., want of custom.

désaccoutumer, v.a., to disaccustom.

se désaccoutumer, v.r., to break one’s self of, to lose the habit of. Se — de faire une chose; to leave off doing a thing.

désachalandage, n.m., loss of custom.

désachalander, v.a., to take away the customers, to drive away customers.

désaffection, n.f., disaffection.

désaffectionner, v.a., to lose affection, to cause any one to lose affection.

se désaffectionner, v.r., to lose affection.

désaffourcher, v.a., (nav.) to unmoor or heave up an anchor.

désaffubler, v.a., to unmuffle.

désagencement, n.m., throwing out of gear.

désagencer, v.a., to throw out of gear, to disarrange, to disorder.

désagréable, adj., disagreeable, unpleasant; unacceptable; uncomfortable; obnoxious; unsightly; distasteful. Cela est — à voir; that is displeasing to the sight.

désagréablement, adv., disagreeably, unpleasantly; unacceptably; uncomfortably; obnoxiously.

désagréer, v.a., to displease. Cela ne me désagrée pas; I do not dislike that.

☉désagréer, v.a., to unrig. V. dégréer.

désagrégation, n.f., disaggregation.

désagréger, v.a., to disaggregate.

se désagréger, v.r., to become disaggregated, to break away, to be rent asunder.

désagrément, n.m., disagreeableness; unpleasantness, defect; blemish; annoyance, discomfort, vexation.

désajustement, n.m., disarrangement; disorder.

désajuster, v.a., to derange, to disarrange, to disturb, to put out of order, to disorder.

se désajuster, v.r., to become disarranged or disturbed, to get out of order. Sa coiffure s’est désajustée; her hair has become disarranged.

désalignement, n.m., (milit.) breaking line, out of line.

désaligner, v.a., (milit.) to break the line.

se désaligner, v.r., (milit.) to fall out of line.

désallier, v.a., to disunite (allies).

se désallier, v.r., to break off an alliance.

désaltérant, -e, adj., thirst-quenching.

désaltérer, v.a., to quench the thirst, to refresh.

se désaltérer, v.r., to quench one’s thirst.

désamorcer, v.a., to uncap (fire-arms).

☉désancrer, v.n., to weigh anchor.

*désappareiller. V. dépareiller.

désapparier, v.a., to unpair (birds).

désappointement (-point-mān), n.m., disappointment.

désappointer, v.a., to disappoint; ☉to strike soldiers off the rolls; to unstitch.

désapprendre, v.a., to unlearn, to forget.

désapprobat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., censurer, fault-finder.

désapprobat-eur, -rice, adj., disapproving, censuring, carping. Un geste —; a gesture of disapprobation.

désapprobation, n.f., disapprobation, disapproval.

désappropriation, n.f., renunciation (of property).

se désapproprier, v.r., to renounce (property).

désapprouver, v.a., to disapprove of, to blame.

désarborer, v.a., (nav.) to strike, to haul down.

désarçonner, v.a., to dismount, to unsaddle, to unhorse, to pull off; to baffle, to nonplus, to floor, to silence.

désargenter, v.a., to unsilver, to drain of money. Ces emplettes m’ont désargenté; these purchases have emptied my purse.

se désargenter, v.r., to become unsilvered, to lose its plating, to spend all one’s money.

désarmé, -e, part., disarmed, unarmed.

désarmement, n.m., disarming, disarmament; (nav.) laying up.

désarmer, v.a., to disarm, to unarm, to appease, to calm; to foil; to uncock (a gun); (nav.) to unship (oars); to lay up, to dismantle. Ses pleurs me désarmèrent; her tears disarmed me. — la colère de quelqu’un; to appease any one’s anger. — un vaisseau; to dismantle a ship, to lay her up; to pay off the officers and crew.

désarmer, v.n., to disarm; (nav.) to be dismantled, to be paid off.

désarrimer, v.a., (nav.) to alter or shift the stowage in the hold.

désarroi, n.m., disorder, disarray, confusion, hurly-burly.

désarticulation, n.f., (surg.) amputation (in a joint).

désarticuler, v.a., to disjoint.

désassemblage, n.m., disjoining.

désassembler, v.a., to take to pieces, to separate.

désassocier, v.a., to dissociate.

désassorti, -e, adj., unmatched, ill-sorted; jarring, unsuitable.

désassortiment, n.m., unmatching; bad assortment; unpairing.

désassortir, v.a., to unmatch; to unstock.

désastre, n.m., disaster, break-down; failure.

désastreusement (-treûz-mān), adv., disastrously.

désastreu-x, -se, adj., disastrous, very sad. C’est —; it is sad in the extreme.

désavantage, n.m., disadvantage; detriment, prejudice. L’affaire a tourné à leur —; the business turned out to their detriment, or badly for them. Parler au — de quelqu’un; to speak disparagingly of any one.

désavantager, v.a., to deprive of an advantage, to disadvantage, to prejudice.

désavantageusement (-jeuz-mān), adv., disadvantageously, disparagingly.

désavantageu-x, -se, adj., disadvantageous, detrimental, prejudicial.

désaveu, n.m., disavowal, denial; recantation. Il fait le — de cette action; he disowns that action.

désaveugler, v.a., to undeceive, to open the eyes of.

désavouer, v.a., to disown, to disclaim, to disavow, to deny; to retract, to recant. — sa signature; to repudiate or deny one’s signature. Cette mère a désavoué son enfant; that mother has disowned her child.

descellement, n.m., (mas.) loosening, unsealing.

desceller, v.a., to unseal; (mas.) to loosen.

se desceller, v.r., to become unloosened or unsealed; to get loose.

descendance, n.f., descent, lineage, pedigree, birth, extraction.

descendant, -e, adj., descending, going down; (milit.) coming off duty.

descendant, n.m., -e, n.f., descendant, offspring, progeny.

descendant, n.m., (l.u.) ebb-tide.

descendre, v.n., to descend; to go down; to go down stairs; to come, to step, to get down; to alight; to stay, to put up; to fall; to reach; to come from; (nav.) to land; to ebb, to subside. Descendez vite; make haste and come down. — de cheval; to dismount. — de voiture; to get out of, or to alight from, a carriage. — d’un bateau; to get out of or off a boat. — dans un puits; to go down into a well. La marée descend; the tide is ebbing. — dans sa conscience; to examine one’s conscience. Il descendit à l’hôtel; he put up at the hotel. Nous descendîmes dans une île; we landed on an island. Il vaut mieux monter que —; it is better to rise than to fall.

descendre, v.a., to descend, to take down, to bring, to let down; to go, to come, to get down; to set down; to land. Descendez ce tableau; take that picture down. Où vous descendrai-je? where shall I set you down? — la garde; to come off guard. Faire —; to bring down, to fetch down, to let down, to send down; to lower, to sink.

descente, n.f., descent; going down; taking down; subsiding (of waters); dismounting; disembarkment; (fin.) run; declivity; irruption; rupture, hernia; (milit.) coming off guard. La justice a fait une — chez lui; the police have searched his house. — de lit; bedside carpet, rug.

descriptible, adj., describable.

descripti-f, -ve, adj., descriptive.

description, n.f., description, inventory.

desdits, m.pl., desdites, f.pl., from the said.

déséchouer, v.a., (nav.) to get afloat; to get off.

désemballage, n.m., unpacking. V. déballage.

désemballer, v.a., to unpack. On a désemballé les marchandises; the goods have been unpacked.

désembarquement, n.m., disembarkation, landing. V. débarquement.

désembarquer, v.a., to disembark, to land; to unship, to unlade.

désembellir, v.n., to lose one’s or its beauty.

désemboîter, v.a., to disjoint; to put out of socket; to dislocate.

se désemboîter, v.r., to become disjointed.

désembourber, v.a., to draw out of the mire.

se désembourber, v.r., to get out of the mire.

désemparer, v.n., to quit, to go away. Sans —; on the spot, at once, without intermission.

désemparer, v.a., to quit, to clear out, to dislodge; (nav.) to disable. — un vaisseau; to disable a ship.

désempenné (dé-zan-pèn-né), adj., stripped of its feathers.

désempeser, v.a., to unstarch.

se désempeser, v.r., to become unstarched, limp.

désemplir, v.a., to make less full, to diminish the contents of. — un tonneau; to part empty a cask.

se désemplir, v.r., to become less full. Ma bourse se désemplit; my purse is getting low.

désemplir, v.n., to grow empty, to become less full. Sa maison ne désemplit point; his house is always full of company.

désempoissonner, v.a., to unstock (a pond).

désenchantement (-shānt-mān), n.m., disenchantment.

désenchanter, v.a., to disenchant.

se désenchanter, v.r., to become disenchanted.

désenchant-eur, -eresse, adj., disenchanting.

désenchâsser, v.a., to unset (jewels).

désenclaver, v.a., to disenclose (land).

désenclouer, v.a., to take out a nail, to unnail. — un canon; to unspike a cannon. — un cheval; to take a nail out of a horse’s foot.

désencombrement, n.m., disencumbrance; dispersing.

désencombrer, v.a., to disencumber; to clear.

désenfiler, v.a., to unthread, to unstring.

se désenfiler, v.r., to come unthreaded or unstrung.

désenfler, v.a., to reduce the swelling.

se désenfler, v.r., to become less swollen.

désenfler, v.n., to become less swollen; to cease to be swollen.

désenflure, n.f., diminution, disappearance of a swelling.

désengrener, v.a., to throw out of gear.

désenivrer, v.a., to sober, to make sober again. Il ne désenivre pas; he is always drunk.

se désenivrer, v.r., to get sober again, to recover, to be cured of. Se — en dormant; to sleep oneself sober.

désenlaidir, v.a., to render less ugly.

se désenlaidir, v.r., to become less ugly.

désennui, n.m., amusement, recreation, diversion, distraction.

désennuyer, v.a., to enliven; to cheer, to divert, to amuse.

se désennuyer, v.r., to find amusement; to divert oneself, to kill time.

désenrayer, v.a., to unlock or unskid.

désenrayer, v.n., to unskid.

désenrhumer, v.a., to cure of a cold. v.n. Ne pas —; to be never without a cold.

se désenrhumer, v.r., to cure, get rid of, one’s cold.

désenrôlement, n.m., (milit.) discharge.

désenrôler, v.a., to discharge.

désenrouer, v.a., to cure of hoarseness.

désenrouer, v.n. Ne pas —; to be always hoarse.

se désenrouer, v.r., to cure one’s hoarseness.

désensabler, v.a., to get out of the mud or sand.

désensevelir (-sĕv-lir), v.a., to unwrap; to unshroud; to exhume.

désensevelissement, n.m., unshrouding; exhumation, disinterment.

désensorceler, v.a., to unbewitch.

désensorcellement, n.m., unbewitching.

désentêter, v.a., to cure of obstinacy; to drive out of the head.

se désentêter, v.r., to be cured of obstinacy or infatuation. Il ne peut se — de cette opinion; he cannot get that opinion out of his head.

désentortiller, v.a., to untwist; to clear; to unravel.

désentraver, v.a., to unfetter, to untangle.

désenverguer (-ghé), v.a., to unbend (sails).

désert, -e, adj., desert, solitary, wild, waste, unfrequented; abandoned, deserted.

désert, n.m., desert, solitary place, waste, wilderness. Prêcher au —; to speak to the wind.

déserter, v.a., to desert, to abandon, to forsake, to quit, to leave. — les drapeaux; to desert one’s colors.

déserter, v.n., to desert, to leave. — à l’ennemi; to go over to the enemy.

déserteur, n.m., deserter.

désertion, n.f., desertion.

désespérance, n.f., despair.

désespérant, -e, adj., desperate, hopeless, discouraging, disheartening; distressing; provoking; matchless.

désespéré, -e, part., hopeless, desperate; disconsolate, despondent, disheartened.

désespéré, n.m., -e, n.f., madman, madwoman; person in despair. Se battre en —; to fight desperately. Agir en —; to behave like a madman.

désespérément, adv., desperately, despairingly; hopelessly.

désespérer, v.n., to despair, to despond, to give up all hope. — de quelqu’un, de quelque chose; to despair of any one, of anything; to give up any one, anything, for lost.

désespérer, v.a., to drive to despair; to dishearten; to dispirit; to distress, to torment.

se désespérer, v.r., to be in despair, to give way to despair, to despond.

désespoir, n.m., despair; hopelessness, desperation, despondency; grief, affliction. Être au —; to be in despair, distress; to be vexed, grieved. Mettre au —; to drive to despair; to vex extremely. Tomber dans le —; to sink into despair. De —; through despair. En — de cause; as a last resource, shift.

*déshabillé (dé-za-), n.m., dishabille, undress. — du matin; morning dress or wrapper.

*déshabiller (dé-za-), v.a., to undress, to strip, to disrobe.

se *déshabiller (dé-za-), v.r., to undress one’s self.

déshabité, -e (dé-za-), adj., uninhabited, deserted.

déshabituer (dé-za-), v.a., to unaccustom, to break of.

se déshabituer (dé-za-), v.r., to unaccustom one’s self; to break one’s self of. Se — d’une chose; to leave off doing a thing.

déshérence (dé-zé-), n.f., (jur.) escheat.

déshéritement (dé-zé-), n.m., disinheritance.

déshériter (dé-zé-), v.a., to disinherit.

désheurer (dé-zeu-), v.a., (fam., l.u.) to derange the hours of, to disturb.

se désheurer (dé-zeu-), v.r., (fam., l.u.) to change one’s hours; to disturb one’s self; (of clocks) to strike one time and mark another; to strike wrong.

déshonnête (dé-zo-), adj., immodest, indecent, shameful; dishonest.

déshonnêtement (dé-zo-nêt-mān), adv., indecently, immodestly, shamefully; dishonestly.

déshonnêteté (dé-zo-nêt-té), n.f., (l.u.) indecency, immodesty; dishonesty.

déshonneur (dé-zo-), n.m., dishonor; disgrace, shame, discredit. Il a mis le comble à son —; he has put the finishing stroke to his dishonor. Faire — à quelqu’un; to disgrace any one. ☉C’est me prier de mon —; that is asking me to dishonor myself. Tenir à —; to look upon as dishonorable.

déshonorable (dé-zo-), adj., dishonorable, disgraceful.

déshonorablement (dé-zo-), adv., dishonorably.

déshonorant, -e (dé-zo-), adj., dishonorable, disgraceful, shameful.

déshonorer (dé-zo-), v.a., to dishonor, to bring to shame, to bring shame upon, to disgrace, to tarnish, to disparage.

se déshonorer (dé-zo-), v.r., to dishonor one’s self, to disgrace one’s self.

desideratum, n.m., (desiderata, pl.), desideratum.

*désignati-f, -ve, adj., indicative.

*désignation, n.f., designation, indication; nomination, choice, election.

*désigné, -e, part., appointed, indicated, prescribed. À l’heure —e; at the appointed hour.

*désigner, v.a., to designate, to describe; to dénote, to betoken; to appoint, to fix; to assign, to elect, to nominate, to choose, to point out; to name, to call.

désillusion, n.f., désillusionnement, n.m., disillusion; disappointment.

désillusionner, v.a., to undeceive, to disillusionize, to disappoint.

désincorporer, v.a., to disincorporate, to separate, to disunite, to disembody.

désinence, n.f., (gram.) termination, ending.

désinfatuer, v.a., to disabuse, to undeceive, to dispel the infatuation of.

se désinfatuer, v.r., to cease to be infatuated.

désinfectant, adj., disinfecting.

désinfectant, n.m., disinfectant.

désinfecter, v.a., to disinfect, to purify.

se désinfecter, v.r., to become disinfected.

désinfection, n.f., disinfection, fumigation.

désintéressé, -e, adj., uninterested; disinterested; unselfish, impartial, unbiased; indemnified.

désintéressement (-rès-mān), n.m., impartiality; indifference; disinterestedness, self-denial.

désintéressement, adv., (l.u.) disinterestedly.

désintéresser, v.a., to indemnify; to buy out the interest of; to refund, to repay.

*désinterligner, v.a., (print.) to unlead.

désinvestir, v.a., (law) to devest; to deprive, to divest; (mil.) to raise the siege of.

désinviter, v.a., to recall an invitation.

désinvolte, adj., free, easy, unconstrained.

désinvolture, n.f., easy or graceful bearing or gait; ease, gracefulness.

désir, n.m., desire, wish; longing. — déréglé; inordinate desire. Au gré de ses —s; agreeably to his wishes. Brûler du — de; to long to do.

désirable, adj., desirable.

désirer, v.a., to desire, to wish for, to long for, to want. Que désirez-vous de moi? what do you want of or with me? Cet ouvrage ne laisse rien à —; this work is most satisfactory in all respects. À —; desirable. Cela laisse à —; there is room for improvement.

désireu-x, -se, adj., desirous, anxious, eager (to).

désistement, n.m., desistance, (law) nonsuit.

se désister, v.r., to desist from, to give over, to abandon, to renounce, (jur.) to waive.

dès lors, adv. V. dès.

desman, n.m., (zoöl.) musk-rat.

désobéir, v.n., to refuse to obey; to disobey.

désobéissance, n.f., disobedience; undutifulness; (jur.) contumacy.

désobéissant, -e, adj., disobedient; undutiful.

désobligeamment (-ja-mān), adv., disobligingly; unkindly.

désobligeance, n.f., unkindness; lack of complaisance.

désobligeant, -e (-jān, -t), adj., disobliging; unkind; uncivil.

désobligeante (-jant), n.f., carriage for two.

désobliger, v.a., to disoblige; to displease.

désobstruant, -e, adj., (med.) deobstruent.

désobstruant, n.m., (med.) deobstruent.

désobstructi-f, -ve, adj., (med.) deobstruent.

désobstructi-f, n.m., (med.) deobstruent.

désobstruer, v.a., to clear from obstruction, to free, to deobstruct.

désoccupation, n.f., inactivity, want of employment, leisure. V. désœuvrement.

désoccupé, -e, adj., unemployed, unoccupied; at leisure; idle.

désœuvré, -e, adj., unoccupied, idle, unemployed. Être —; to be unemployed. Le temps pèse aux gens —s; time hangs heavily on the hands of idlers.

désœuvrement, n.m., want of occupation, idleness.

désolant, -e, adj., disheartening, grievous, afflicting, distressing, dispiriting; mortifying, provoking, unbearable, tiresome.

désolateur, n.m., spoiler, ravager, destroyer. adj., desolating, ravaging, destructive.

désolation, n.f., desolation, disconsolateness, affliction, grief, vexation.

désolé, -e, part., afflicted, disconsolate, broken-hearted, in great distress; very sorry; grieved. Je suis —, mais il m’est impossible de venir; I am very sorry, but I cannot possibly come.

désoler, v.a., to desolate, to lay waste, to waste, to devastate; to afflict, to grieve, to make disconsolate, to drive mad; to vex; to pester, to harass, to annoy, to torment. La mort de son ami le désole; the death of his friend cuts him to the quick. Ce retard me désole; this delay vexes me.

se désoler, v.r., to grieve, to give one’s self up to affliction, to pine with grief, to be disconsolate.

désopilant, -e, adj., funny, laughable, side-splitting; (med.) deobstruent.

désopilant, n.m., (med.) deobstruent.

désopilati-f, -ve, adj., (med.) deobstruent, opening.

désopilation, n.f., (med.) deobstruction, clearance.

désopiler, v.a., (med.) to deobstruct, to clear. Cela désopile la rate; that dispels the spleen.

se désopiler, v.r., to brighten up, to cheer up.

désordonné, -e, adj., disorderly; dissolute, unruly, inordinate; immoderate, extravagant. Appétit —; immoderate appetite.

désordonnément, adv., disorderly, irregularly; inordinately, immoderately, excessively.

désordonner, v.a., to disorder, to disturb.

se désordonner, v.r., to become disordered.

désordre, n.m., disorder, confusion; licentiousness; disorderly life; riot, debauchery; discomposure, perturbation; variance, dissension, discord; disturbance; devastation. Vivre dans le —; to lead a riotous life. Il a l’esprit en —; his mind is in a state of perturbation. Les passions mettent le — dans l’âme; the passions discompose the soul. Faire cesser le —; to put an end to the disturbance. En —; in disorder.

désorganisat-eur, -rice, n. and adj., disorganizer; disorganizing.

désorganisation, n.f., disorganization.

désorganiser, v.a., to disorganize.

se désorganiser, v.r., to become disorganized.

désorienter, v.a., to put any one out of his reckoning; to lead astray; to mislead; to bewilder; to put out, to disconcert, to put out of countenance. Être désorienté; to lose one’s way or one’s bearings; to be out of one’s element or of one’s reckoning. Notre guide était tout à fait désorienté; our guide was quite out of his reckoning.

désormais, adv., henceforth, hereafter, from this time.

désossement (dé-zos-mān), n.m., boning.

désosser, v.a., to bone. Une dinde désossée; a boned turkey.

se désosser, v.r., to become disjointed.

désourdir (dé-zoor-), v.a., (l.u.) to unweave; to unravel.

désoxydation, n.f., (chem.) disoxidation, deoxidation.

désoxyder, v.a., (chem.) to disoxidate, to deoxidate.

se désoxyder, v.r., to disoxidate, to deoxidize; to become deoxidized.

désoxygénation, n.f., (chem.) disoxygenation.

désoxygéner, v.a., (chem.) to disoxygenate.

se désoxygéner, v.r., to become disoxygenated.

despote, n.m., despot.

despotique, adj., despotic, despotical.

despotiquement (-tik-mān), adv., despotically.

despotisme, n.m., despotism.

despumation, n.f., (chem.) despumation.

despumer, v.a., (chem.) to despumate, to skim.

desquamation (-koua-), n.f., desquamation.

dessabler, v.a., to clear of sand.

dessaboté, -e, adj., unhoofed (of horses).

dessaisir, v.a., to dispossess.

se dessaisir, v.r., to deprive one’s self of, to give up, to part with.

dessaisissement (-zis-mān), n.m., parting with, cession, abandonment.

dessaisonner, v.a., (agri.) to change the rotation of crops; to grow out of season.

dessalé, -e, part., unsalted, soaked; sharp, cunning.

dessalé, n.m., -e, n.f., sharp fellow, sharp woman, knowing person.

dessalement, n.m., clearing of salt, soaking.

dessaler, v.a., to remove salt from meat; to soak.

se dessaler, v.r., to become less salt.

dessangler, v.a., to ungirth, to loosen the girth.

desséchant, -e, adj., drying.

desséché, -e, part., dried up; desiccated. Des ossements —s; dried bones. Des marais —s; drained marshes.

desséchement (-sésh-mān), n.m., drying up, drainage, dryness; emaciation.

dessécher, v.a., to dry, to dry up; to parch; to drain; to wither; to waste, to emaciate.

se dessécher, v.r., to dry up, to become dry; to be drained; to wither; to waste away.

dessein, n.m., design, intention, intent; resolution; plan, scheme, purpose, view. Le — en est formé; the resolution is taken. Cacher son —; to hide one’s purpose. Former le — de faire une chose; to intend to do a thing. Changer de —; to alter one’s mind. Avoir — de; to intend. Avoir de grands —s; to have great views. De — prémédité; of set purpose. À —; designedly, on purpose, intentionally. À bon —; with a good intention. À — de; in order to, with the object of. À — que; that, to the end that. Sans —; undesignedly, unintentionally.

desseller, v.a., to unsaddle.

dessemelé, -e, adj., without soles, soleless.

dessemeler, v.a., to take soles off, to wear out the soles of.

desserre, n.f., (l.u.) loosening. Être dur à la —; to be close-fisted.

desserrer, v.a., to loosen, to slacken; to relax, to open; (print.) to unlock. Je n’ai pas desserré les dents; I never opened my lips, never said a word.

se desserrer, v.r., to get loose, to loosen.

dessert, n.m., dessert.

desserte, n.f., leavings; ecclesiastical functions, officiating; connection; service. Chemin de —; connecting road.

dessertir, v.a., to unset (gems).

desservant, n.m., curate, officiating minister, worker.

desservir, v.a., to take away, to clear the table, to remove the cloth; to do an ill office; to officiate (of clergyman). Il vous a desservi auprès du ministre; he has done you an ill turn with the minister.

dessiccati-f, -ve, adj., desiccative, desiccant.

dessiccatif, n.m., desiccative, desiccant.

dessiccation, n.f., desiccation.

dessiller, v.a., to open (eyes). — les yeux à quelqu’un; to undeceive any one.

se dessiller, v.r., to become opened.

dessin, n.m., drawing; design, sketch; pattern; draught, plan; (mus.) arrangement. — lavé; washed drawing. — colorié; colored drawing. — haché; hatched drawing. — lithographié; lithographic drawing. — à la craie; chalk drawing. Cette étoffe est d’un joli —; this stuff is of a pretty pattern. — à main levée; free-hand drawing.

dessinateur, n.m., draughtsman; designer, pattern-drawer.

dessiné, -e, part., drawn. Une figure bien —e; a well-drawn face. Un jardin bien —; a garden well laid out.

dessiner, v.a., to draw, to design, to sketch, to delineate; to set off, to mark, to indicate; to lay out. — au crayon; to draw with a pencil. — de fantaisie, d’après nature, d’après la bosse; to draw from fancy, from nature, from the bust. Un vêtement qui dessine bien les formes; a dress that sets off the figure to advantage.

se dessiner, v.r., to be delineated, to be visible, to appear; to assume a form, to be formed, to be conspicuous; to display one’s figure to advantage; to stand out, to show prominently. Une terre se dessine dans la brume; land is visible through the mist.

dessolement, n.m., altering the rotation of crops.

dessoler, v.a., (agri.) to unsole (animals); to take off the sole; to change the rotation of crops.

dessouder, v.a., to unsolder.

se dessouder, v.r., to get unsoldered.

dessoudure, n.f., unsoldering.

dessoufrage, n.m., desulphuration.

dessoufrer, v.a., to desulphurate.

dessoûler, v.a., (pop.) to sober, to make sober.

dessoûler, v.n., to get sober again. Il ne dessoûl pas; he is always on the drink.

se dessoûler, v.r., (pop.) to get sober again.

dessous, adv., under, underneath, below. Ci-—; underneath, below. En —; underneath; downward; (fig.) sly, artful.

dessous, prep., under, underneath, beneath. Je l’ai cherché dessus et — la table; I have looked for it upon and under the table.

dessous, n.m., lower part; under side; wrong side; worst; lee (of the wind). Le — du vent; (nav.) leeward. Avoir le —; to be worsted, to have the worst of it. Au-—; below; under; beneath. Je suis logé au-— de lui; I lodge below him. Cet emploi est au-— de lui; that employment is beneath him. Par-—; under, beneath. Là-—; there, under there. Voir le — des cartes; to be in the secret; in the know; to have been behind the scenes. Jusqu’au troisième —; very deep. — de bras; dress-preserver.

dessus, adv., on, upon, over; uppermost. Il n’est ni — ni dessous; it is neither on nor under. Sens — dessous; upside down, topsy-turvy. Au —; above; upwards. Ci-—; above. Voyez ci-—; see above. En —; on the upper or right side; in the upper part, above; at the top; uppermost. Cela est noir en — et blanc en dessous; it is black on the upper side, and white underneath. Là-—; on it, on that, on there; to, on, about, this subject; upon this head; on which, thereupon, saying this, with these words. Passons la —; let us dismiss the subject. Vous pouvez compter là-—; you may rely upon that. Par-—; above; over; more, over and above. Il sauta par-—; he jumped over.

dessus, prep., on, upon. Otez cela de — la table; take that off the table. Cela est au-— de ses forces; that is beyond his strength. Cet homme est au-— de la calomnie; this man is out of the reach of slander. Il sauta par-— la barrière; he leaped over the gate. Par-— tout; above all. Il a des affaires par-— les yeux; he is over head and ears in business. Par-— le marché; into the bargain.

dessus, n.m., top, the upper part; upper side, right side; upper hand, advantage; (mus.) treble. Le — de la tête; the crown of the head. Le — de la main; the back of the hand. Le — d’un livre; the cover of a book. — de fauteuil; antimacassar. — de marbre; marble-top. — de porte; panel-frieze. — de toilette; toilet cover. Avoir or prendre le —; to gain the ascendancy, the upper hand. Le — du vent; (nav.) the weather-gauge. Être au-— du vent; to be to windward, leeward. Bas-— (—); second treble.

destin, n.m., destiny, doom, fate; career. On ne peut fuir son —; no one can escape his destiny.

destinataire, n.m.f., (com.) consignee; (post.) addressee; receiver, recipient.

destination, n.f., destination; intention, object, end. À — de; addressed to; (nav.) bound for.

destiné, -e, part., destined, born. Il est — au barreau; he is destined for the law. Il était — à périr de cette manière; he was doomed to perish in this way.

destinée, n.f., fate, destiny; doom; career. Remplir ses —s; to fulfil one’s destiny. Finir sa —; to terminate one’s career.

destiner, v.a., to destine, to intend, to design, to purpose; to doom. À qui destine-t-on un si riche présent? for whom is so rich a present intended?

se destiner, v.r., to be destined, intended. Il se destine au barreau; he intends to follow the profession of the law.

destituable, adj., removable from office.

destitué, -e, adj., destitute, devoid; cashiered, removed. — de bon sens; devoid of sense.

destituer, v.a., to dismiss, to turn out, to discharge, to remove (from office); to cashier.

destitution, n.f., dismissal, removal.

☉destrier, n.m., steed, charger, war-horse.

destruct-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., destroyer; ravager, spoiler. Les soldats sont de grands —s; soldiers are great spoilers.

destruct-eur, -rice, adj., destructive, destroying, deadly, ruinous; subversive.

destructibilité, n.f., destructibility.

destructi-f, -ve, adj., destructive, destroying.

destruction, n.f., destruction.

désuétude (-su-), n.f., disuse, desuetude. Tomber dans la —; to fall into disuse; to become obsolete (of words).

désunion, n.f., disunion, disjunction.

désunir, v.a., to disunite, to disjoin, to part, to separate.

se désunir, v.r., to disunite, to come asunder, to divide, to fall out.

désusité, -e, adj., obsolete, out of use; exploded.

détachage, n.m., cleaning, scouring; removal of spots.

détachement (dé-tash-mān), n.m., indifference; (milit.) detachment, draught. — de tout intérêt; disinterestedness.

détacher, v.a., to detach, to disengage, to loosen, to untie, to unbind, to unfasten; to undo; to separate, to cut off; to give (a blow); (milit.) to draught, to tell off; to take out stains, to clean. — une épingle; to take out a pin. — un ruban; to loosen a ribbon. — une agrafe; to undo a clasp. — un soufflet à quelqu’un; to give any one a box on the ear. Morceaux détachés; extracts.

se détacher, v.r., to become loosened, unfastened; to get loose; to come undone; to be detached; to disengage one’s self; to break away or off; to come off or away; to wean one’s self of. Se — d’une femme; to break off acquaintance with a woman. Se — du jeu; to leave off gambling.

détacheu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., scourer, cleaner.

*détail, n.m., detail, small matter, trifle, mere nothing; retail; particular, circumstance. Vendre en —; to sell by retail. Je n’ai omis aucun des —s; I omitted none of the circumstances. En —; minutely, piece-meal; bit by bit.

*détaillant, n.m., -e, n.f., retailer, publican.

*détailler, v.a., to cut in pieces; to retail; to sell by retail; to detail, to relate minutely.

*se détailler, v.r., to be cut up, to be related minutely; to be retailed.

*détailleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., retailer.

détalage, n.m., taking in goods; putting or packing up goods.

détaler, v.a., to take in goods; to pack up.

détaler, v.n., to take in goods; to shut up shop; to scamper away; to take one’s self off.

détalinguer (-ghé), v.n., (nav.) to unbend (a cable).

détaper, v.a., to take out the tampion (of a gun).

déteindre, v.a., to take out the dye or color.

déteindre, v.n., to lose color, to fade; to come off (of colors). Cette étoffe déteint beaucoup; this stuff fades very much.

se déteindre, v.r., to lose color; to fade; to come off (of colors).

dételage, n.m., taking out of harness, unharnessing.

dételer (dé-tlé), v.a., to unharness, to take out of harness, to unyoke.

détendoir, n.m., stretcher, unstretcher (weaving).

détendre, v.a., to unbend, to slacken, to relax, to loosen, to take down, to unhang. — un arc; to unbend a bow. — son esprit; to relax one’s mind. — une tapisserie; to take down a set of hangings. — une tente; to strike a tent.

se détendre, v.r., to unbend, to slacken; to take relaxation, repose; to become easier; to become milder (of weather).

détendre, v.n., to take down, to unhang (tapestry); to strike (tents).

détenir (dé-tnir), v.a., to detain, to withhold, to keep back, to confine. — quelqu’un en prison; to keep in prison.

détente, n.f., unbending, relaxing; trigger (of a gun); (horl.) detent, stop. Machine à —; expansion-engine. À la —; in pulling the trigger. Lâcher la —; to pull the trigger. Être dur à la —; (fig. and fam.) to be close-fisted.

détent-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., holder, detainer.

*détentillon, n.m., (horl.) detent, or stop, of the minute-hand.

détention, n.f., detention, imprisonment.

détenu, -e, part., detained, withheld. — en prison; kept in prison. — prisonnier; kept a prisoner. Être — pour dettes; to be in prison for debt.

détenu, n.m., -e, n.f., prisoner, convict.

détergent, -e, adj., (med.) detergent.

déterger, v.a., (med.) to deterge; to absterge, to cleanse. — une plaie; to cleanse a wound.

détérioration, n.f., deterioration, debasement; wear and tear.

détériorer, v.a., to deteriorate, to impair, to make worse.

se détériorer, v.r., to deteriorate; to become defaced, to become debased; to become the worse for wear.

déterminable, adj., determinable.

déterminant, -e, adj., determinative, decisive, conclusive.

déterminati-f, -ve, adj., (gram.) determinative.

déterminatif, n.m., (gram.) determinative word.

détermination, n.f., determination, resolution, decision, settled purpose.

déterminé, -e, part., determined, decided; fixed; resolved on; caused; determinate; ascertained. Un sens —; a determinate signification. Il est — à tout; he is ready for anything.

déterminé, -e, adj., determined, bold, steady, resolute.

déterminé, n.m., desperate fellow, resolute man. Un petit —; a froward, ungovernable child.

déterminément, adv., absolutely, positively, determinately, expressly, precisely; boldly, resolutely.

déterminer, v.a., to determine, to decide, to settle, to fix; to ascertain; to resolve; to take a resolution; to fix the meaning; to lead to, to cause, to bring on or about. C’est moi qui l’ai déterminé à cela; it was I who made him take that resolve.

se déterminer, v.r., to resolve; to determine; to be determined. Je ne puis me — à rien; I cannot resolve upon anything.

déterminisme, n.m., (philos.) determinism.

déterré, n.m., person dug up. Avoir l’air d’un —; to look like one risen from the dead. Il a l’air d’un —; he is as pale as a ghost.

déterrer, v.a., to dig up; to disinter, to take up; to find, to discover, to bring to light, to ferret out, to rout out; to unkennel (foxes); to unearth (hunt.).

déterreur, n.m., hunter out, ferreter. — de saints; discoverer of the names of saints.

détersi-f, -ve, adj., (med.) detersive, abstergent, cleansing.

détersif, n.m., (med.) detergent, detersive.

détestable, adj., detestable, hateful, abominable, odious; wretchedly bad, wretched. J’ai une plume —; I have a wretchedly bad pen.

détestablement, adv., detestably, abominably, hatefully.

détestation, n.f., detestation, abhorrence.

détester, v.a., to detest, to hate, to abhor; to dislike.

détester, v.n., (l.u.) to blaspheme. Ne faire que jurer et —; to do nothing but curse and swear.

détiarer, v.a., to discrown.

détignonner, v.a., to tear the hair of.

détirer, v.a., to draw out, to stretch, to wire-draw. — une étoffe; to pull out a stuff. — des cuirs; to stretch hides.

détiser, v.a., to rake out (the fire); to still, to quell.

détisser, v.a., to unweave.

se détisser, v.r., to get unwoven.

détitrer, v.a., to distitle, to deprive of (a title).

détonant, adj., detonating.

détonation, n.f., detonation, report. À —; detonating.

détoner, v.n., to detonate.

détonneler, v.a., to draw out of a cask.

détonner, v.n., to be out of tune, to play or sing out of tune; to talk nonsense.

détordage, n.m., untwisting, picking.

détordre, v.a., to untwist, to unwring.

se détordre, v.r., to come untwisted.

détorquer, v.a., to distort, to misrepresent. — un passage; to distort the meaning of a passage.

détors, -e, adj., untwisted.

☉détorse, n.f. V. entorse.

détortiller, v.a., to untwist; to unravel.

*se détortiller, v.r., to become untwisted; to be unraveled.

détouper, v.a., to unstop, to take out the bung, to clear of brambles; to take the tow out of.

*détoupillonner, v.a., to prune (orange-trees).

détour, n.m., winding, turning; roundabout way, circuitous road; shift, evasion, trick, subterfuge, dodge. Le — d’une rue; the turning of a street. Les —s d’un bois; the windings and turnings of a wood. Quel — vous avez fait! what a roundabout way you have come! Je connais ses tours et ses —s; I know all his evasions and subterfuges. Être sans —; to be sincere, straightforward. User de —s; to resort to shifts and evasions.

détourné, -e, part., turned away; retired; indirect, oblique. Des chemins —s; by-ways. Voie —e; indirect means.

détournement, n.m., turning away, turning aside; embezzlement. — de mineur; (law) abduction of a minor.

détourner, v.a., to turn away, to turn aside, to lead astray, to turn off, to lead off, out of; to divert, to avert, to drive or keep back, to estrange; to secrete; to convey away, to embezzle, to appropriate; to deter, to dissuade. — la vue; to turn the eyes away. — un coup; to avert a blow. On l’accuse d’avoir détourné ces fonds; he is accused of having converted these funds to his own use. Cela me détourne de mes occupations; that draws me away from my business.

se détourner, v.r., to turn away; to turn aside; to go out of the way, to swerve. Se — de son chemin; to go out of one’s way. Se — de son devoir; to swerve from one’s duty. Se — de son travail; to leave one’s work.

détourner, v.n., to turn, to turn off.

détourneu-r, -se, n.m.f., shoplifter.

détracter, v.a., (l.u.) to detract, to traduce, to slander, to speak ill of, to backbite.

détract-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., detracter, slanderer, traducer.

détracteur, adj.m., detractive, detracting.

détraction, n.f., detraction.

détranger, v.a., (hort.) to drive away (insects).

détraquer, v.a., to spoil a horse’s paces, to throw a horse out of his paces; to disorder, to put out of order; to throw into confusion; to lead astray.

se détraquer, v.r., to lose its paces (of a horse); to be out of order, to be disordered; to go astray. Cette montre se détraque; this watch is out of order. Sa tête se détraque; his brain is disordered. Un cheval qui se détraque; a horse that loses his paces.

détrempe, n.f., distemper, painting in distemper. Une —; a sketch in distemper. Un mariage en —; an irregular union. Ouvrage —; a poor copy of another work.

détremper, v.a., to dilute, to dissolve, to moisten, to weaken; to enervate. — des couleurs; to dilute colors. — de la farine avec des œufs; to beat up flour with eggs. — de l’acier; to soften steel.

détresse, n.f., distress, sorrow, grief, trouble, anguish. J’eus pitié de sa —; I took compassion on his sorrow.

détresser, v.a., to unweave, to unplait.

se détresser, v.r., to become unwoven, etc.

détriment, n.m., detriment; injury, prejudice; (geol.) remains. Au — de; to the prejudice of.

détritage, n.m., crushing.

détriter, v.a., to crush.

détrition, n.f., detrition.

détritoir, n.m., crushing-mill.

détritus (-tûs), n.m., detritus, residue, refuse.

détroit, n.m., (geog.) strait; sound, narrows; firth; (British) channel.

détromper, v.a., to undeceive.

se détromper, v.r., to be undeceived; to undeceive one’s self.

détrônement (dé-trô-n-mān), n.m., dethronement.

détrôner, v.a., to dethrone.

détrôneur, n.m., dethroner.

détrousser, v.a., to untuck, to let down; to rifle, to rob. — les voyageurs; to plunder travelers.

☉détrousseur, n.m., highwayman, robber.

détruire (détruisant, détruit), v.a., to destroy, to ruin, to pull down, to exterminate, to subvert, to do away with, to put to death, to break up. — une ville de fond en comble; to raze a town to the ground. — une armée; to overthrow an army. — la santé; to ruin the health. — radicalement; to eradicate.

se détruire, v.r., to fall to ruin, to decay; to destroy each other, to neutralize one another; to destroy one’s self, to make away with one’s self.

dette, n.f., debt, score; obligation, promise, pledge, duty. — hypothécaire; debt upon mortgage. —s actives; book-debts, assets. —s passives; debts, liabilities. —s criardes; petty debts. Contracter, faire, des —s; to contract debts, to run into debt. Être accablé, perdu, criblé, de —s; to be over head and ears in debt.

*deuil, n.m., mourning, grief, sorrow, gloom, mournful aspect; black; mourners; time of mourning. Habit de —; mourning. Grand —; deep mourning. Petit or demi —; half mourning. Personne qui mène le —; chief mourner. Voiture de —; mourning coach. Suivre le —; to be one of the mourners. Porter le —, être en —; to be in, to put on, mourning. Prendre le —; to go into mourning. Faire prendre le — à; to put into mourning. Faire son — d’une chose; to resign one’s self to the loss of anything.

deutéro-canonique, adj., deuterocanonical.

deutéronome, n.m., Deuteronomy.

deux, adj., two, both, second. — à —; two by two. — fois; twice. — fois autant; twice as much, twice as many. De — jours en — jours; every two days. De — jours l’un; every other day. Regarder quelqu’un entre — yeux; to stare at any one. Piquer des —; to clap spurs to one’s horse. Tous —; both, both together. Tous les —; both. Henri —; Henry the second. N’en faire ni un ni —; to decide at once. Maintenant à nous —; now I am ready for you; now we’ll have it out together.

deux, n.m., two; second; (cards, dice) deuce. Le — du mois; the second of the month. On peut faire cela à —; two can play at that game.

deuxième (deu-zièm), adj., second, other.

deuxièmement (-zièm-mān), adv., secondly.

deux-points, n.m., (—) (gram.) colon.

dévalement, n.m., sloping, slope; letting-down, lowering.

☉dévaler, v.a., to let down; to descend, to go or come down. — les degrés; to go down the stairs. — du vin à la cave; to let wine down into the cellar.

☉dévaler, v.n., to descend, to slope, to go down, to come down (stream).

dévalisement, n.m., rifling, robbing, stripping.

dévaliser, v.a., to rifle, to strip, to rob, to plunder.

dévaliseu-r, -se, n.m.f., robber, plunderer.

devancer, v.a., to precede, to go before; to get before, to outrun, to outwalk, to outstrip; to take the place of; to have the precedence; to be beforehand, to forestall, to get the start of; to anticipate; to go beyond, to surpass, to outdo. — à cheval; to outride. Son génie a devancé son siècle; his genius has outrun his century. J’allais vous voir, mais vous m’avez devancé; I was going to see you, but you are beforehand with me. Avoir de l’argent — soi; to have money at or in hand.

devanci-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., predecessor. pl., ancestors, forefathers.

devant, prep., before; in front of, over against, opposite to; (nav.) ahead of. Regarder — soi; to look before one; look ahead. Otez-vous de — mon jour; get out of my light. Otez-vous de — moi; stand out of my sight. Ils passent par — chez nous; they pass our door. Il marchait — moi; he walked before, in front of, me. Quand il fut — ses juges; when he was in the presence of his judges. Par-— notaire; in the presence of a notary (i.e., a legal form). Tout — l’église; just opposite the church.

devant, adv., before; (nav.) ahead. Passez —; go before. Le train de — d’une voiture; the forewheels of a coach. Les jambes de —; the forelegs. Sens — derrière; hind part foremost.

devant, n.m., front, the fore-part. Il est logé sur le —; he lodges in the front. Un — de cheminée; a chimney-board. — d’autel; frontal (panel in front of an altar). Prendre le —; to set out before; to get before. Prendre les —s; to forestall, to be first in the field. Aller, venir, envoyer, au-— de quelqu’un; to go, to come, to send, to meet any one; (fig.) to meet half-way; to provide for or against; to meet, to encounter, to oppose, to obviate. Aller au-— d’une chose; to prevent anything. Aller au-— des désirs de quelqu’un; to anticipate anyone’s wishes. Ci-—; before, formerly, heretofore, late. Les premiers vont —; first come, first served. Un ci-—; an ex-noble.

devantier (-tié), n.m., (fam., l.u.) apron.

devantière (-ti-èr), n.f., riding petticoat.

devanture, n.f., front (of buildings). — de boutique; shop-front.

dévastat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., destroyer, despoiler, desolater, ravager.

dévastat-eur, -rice, adj., devastating, desolating, destructive.

dévastation, n.f., devastation; ravage; havoc.

dévaster, v.a., to devastate, to lay waste, to desolate, to make desolate, to spoil, to ravage.

déveine, n.f., change of luck (from good to bad); reverses, run of ill-luck. Quelle —! what ill-luck!

développable, adj., susceptible of development.

développante (dév-lo-pant), n.f., (geom.) evolvent; involute.

développée, n.f., (geom.) evolute.

développement (dév-lop-mān), n.m., unfolding, opening; development, growth, progress; elucidation; display; clearing up; (geom.) evolution.

développer (dév-lo-pé), v.a., to open, to unwrap; to unfold; to develop, to expand; to display, to expound, to elucidate, to lay open, to explain; to clear up, to unravel; (arch.) to trace upon a plan. — le plan d’un ouvrage; to explain the plan of a work. — un système; to expound a system.

se développer, v.r., to expand; to unfold itself, to display itself, to be unfolded or displayed; to be cleared up, to be unraveled; to extend itself, to spread out, to stretch out or forth, to be stretched out. Les bourgeons commencent à se —; the buds are beginning to expand. Cet enfant se développe; that child is growing. La raison se développe; reason is asserting itself.

devenir (dĕ-vnir), v.n., to become, to grow, to get, to turn; to become of, to come to. — homme de bien; to become a good man. Ces fruits deviennent rouges en mûrissant; those fruits turn red when ripening. Cela commence à — fatigant; that begins to grow tiresome. — à rien; to come to nothing. Que deviendrai-je? what will become of me? Qu’est devenu votre frère? what has become of your brother? Je ne sais ce qu’il est devenu; I don’t know what has become of him. Que voulez-vous —? what profession do you intend to follow, what do you intend to be? Je ne sais plus que —; I don’t know which way to turn. Faire — fou; to drive one mad.

déventer, v.a., (nav.) to take the wind out (of sails).

dévergondage, n.m., open profligacy; shamelessness; barefaced impudence; dissoluteness.

dévergondé, -e, n. and adj., rake; harlot; brazen-faced, lewd, shameless, impudent.

dévergonder, v.a., to render shameless, licentious; to render dissolute.

se dévergonder, v.r., to become shamelessly dissolute and licentious; to lose all feeling of shame; to run riot.

déverguer (-ghé), v.a., to unbend the sails.

déverrouillement, n.m., unbolting.

*déverrouiller, v.a., to unbolt.

devers, prep., ☉towards, about, near. Par —; in one’s possession; (jur.) before. Il vient de — ces pays-là; he comes from somewhere about those parts. Il a les papiers par — lui; he is possessed of the papers. Par — la loi; in the eyes of the law.

dévers, -e, adj., (arts) bending, jutting out, leaning. Ce mur est —; that wall juts out.

dévers, n.m., (tech.) inclination.

déversement, n.m., inclination, bending, warping; pouring, flowing; discharge, overflow.

déverser, v.n., to bend, to lean, to jut out, to warp; (com.) to throw upon the market.

déverser, v.a., to bend, to incline; to throw, to cast; to divert (of water). — une pièce de bois; to bend a piece of wood. — le mépris; to throw contempt (upon any one).

se déverser, v.r., to incline, to lean, to bend, to warp; to fall into, to empty (of rivers, canals, etc.).

déversoir, n.m., weir; dam (of a river).

dévêtement, n.m., stripping.

dévêtir, v.a., to undress, to strip of clothes; (jur.) to divest.

se dévêtir, v.r., to take off one’s clothes, to undress, to strip, to leave off part of one’s clothes; to give up, to divest oneself. Se — d’un héritage; to give up an inheritance.

dévêtissement (-tis-mān), n.m., (jur.) giving up, divestiture.

déviation, n.f., deviation, curvature.

dévidage, n.m., winding, reeling off.

dévider, v.a., to wind (into skeins).

dévideu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., winder, reeler.

dévidoir, n.m., reel, skein-winder.

dévier, v.n., to swerve; to deviate; to glance off.

se dévier, v.r., to deviate, to swerve. — de son chemin; to deviate from one’s road.

devin, n.m., -eresse, n.f., diviner, augur, soothsayer. Serpent —; boa-constrictor.

deviner, v.a., to divine, to foretell, to predict; to guess, to guess at. Devinez ce que j’ai fait; guess what I have done. Cela se devine; it is easily imaginable; you can see it at a glance. — une énigme; to guess an enigma. En devinant; at a guess.

se deviner, v.r., to understand each other.

devinette, n.f., puzzle, poser, riddle.

devineu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., guesser.

dévirer, v.a., (nav.) to heave back.

☉devis, n.m., talk, chat.

devis, n.m., (com.) estimate, specification. Donner un —; to give in an estimate.

dévisager, v.a., to disfigure, to scratch the face of; (pop.) to stare out of countenance, to look up and down.

se dévisager, v.r., to disfigure one another; to scratch each other’s faces; (pop.) to stare each other out of countenance, to look each other up and down.

devise, n.f., device, emblem; motto, posy. La — d’une bague; the posy of a ring.

deviser, v.n., (fam.) to chat, to talk.

dévissage, dévissement, n.m., unscrewing.

dévisser, v.a., to unscrew.

se dévisser, v.r., to become unscrewed.

dévoiement (dé-voa-mān), n.m., looseness, relaxation; (arch.) inclination, slope.

dévoilement (-voal-mān), n.m., unveiling, disclosing, unraveling.

dévoiler, v.a., to unveil; to discover, to uncover; to unravel; to absolve from vows.

se dévoiler, v.r., to betray one’s self, to be unveiled, to be disclosed, to be revealed.

dévoîment, n.m. V. dévoiement.

devoir, n.m., duty; task, exercise. pl., lessons. S’acquitter de son —; to perform one’s duty. Être à son —; to be at one’s post. Rentrer dans son —; to return to one’s duty. — pascal; Easter communion. —s seigneuriaux; manorial fees. Se faire un — de; to make a point of. Se mettre en — de faire une chose; to set about doing a thing, to prepare to do. J’irai vous rendre mes —s; I shall go and pay my respects to you. Les derniers —s; funeral rites.

devoir, v.a., to owe, to be in debt; to be bound to; to have to; must. — une somme d’argent à quelqu’un; to owe a sum of money to any one. Il doit au tiers et au quart; he owes money right and left. Qui a terme ne doit rien; no one need pay before a debt is due. Fais ce que dois, advienne que pourra; do your duty, come what may. Dussé-je; were I to, though I should. Il doit partir dans peu de jours; he is to set out in a few days. Je dois parler sur ce sujet; I am to speak on that subject. Je lui dois tous mes maux; I owe all my misfortunes to him. Il ne devrait pas abandonner ses parents; he ought not to forsake his parents. Vous auriez dû vous conduire autrement; you should have behaved otherwise. Nous devons obéir aux lois; we must obey the laws. La campagne doit être belle maintenant; the country must be beautiful now. Il devait partir ce matin; he was to have set out this morning. Tous les hommes doivent mourir; all men must die. Il a dû, or avait dû, quitter Londres ce matin; he must have, or was to have, left London this morning.

se devoir, v.r., to owe one’s self; to owe it to one’s self. Se — à sa patrie, à sa famille; to owe one’s self to one’s country, to one’s family. On se doit d’être honorable; a man owes it to himself to be honorable. Cela ne se doit pas; that is not right; that must, or should, not be done.

dévole, n.f., having no trick (at cards).

dévoler, v.n., to lose all the tricks.

dévolu, -e, adj., devolved upon, vested in, fallen to, escheated. Terre —e à la couronne; an escheat.

dévolu, n.m., (ecc.) devolution, lapse of right; claim, choice. Un bénéfice tombé en —; a benefice fallen into lapse of right. Une dame jeta un — sur lui; a lady cast a spell over him. J’ai jeté mon — sur cela; I have fixed my choice upon that.

dévolution, n.f., (jur.) devolution; escheat.

dévonien, -ne, adj., (geol.) devonian.

dévorant, -e, adj., devouring; ravenous; consuming; wasting. Estomac, appétit, —; ravenous hunger, ravenous appetite. Un mal —; a wasting disease. Soif —e; burning thirst. Climat —; wasting climate.

dévorateur, n.m., devourer, destroyer.

dévorer, v.a., to devour, to eat up; to prey upon, to destroy, to suppress, to squander, to consume; to gaze at eagerly; to pore over; to swallow, to conquer, to master; to pocket. La faim le dévore; he is almost dying of hunger. Il a dévoré tout son bien; he has squandered away all his fortune. Il est dévoré d’ambition; he is consumed with ambition. — sa douleur; to stifle one’s sorrow. — un affront; to brook or pocket an affront. — les livres; to pore over, to read, books greedily. — quelqu’un des yeux; to gaze at eagerly, to stare at, to gloat over.

dévoreu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., devourer, glutton. — de livres; book-worm.

dévot, -e, adj., devout, godly, pious, holy; saintly. Avoir l’air —; to have a sanctified look.

dévot, n.m., -e, n.f., devout person; (b.s.) devotee, saint, bigot. Ne vous y fiez pas, c’est un faux —; put no trust in him, he is a bigot.

dévotement (dé-vot-mān), adv., devoutly, piously.

dévotieu-x, -se (-ci-), adj., devout.

dévotion, n.f., devotion, piety, religion; godliness; disposal, service, command; devoutness; devotedness. Faire ses —s; to perform one’s devotions; to receive the sacrament. Tout ce qu’il a est à ma —; all he has is at my disposal. Il n’est de — que de jeune prêtre; new brooms sweep clean.

dévouement (dé-voo-mān), n.m., devotion, devotedness; self-sacrifice; attachment; zeal.

dévouer, v.a., to devote; to dedicate; to consecrate; to consign. Il lui est entièrement dévoué; he is entirely devoted to him. — quelqu’un au mépris; to consign any one to contempt. Votre bien, votre tout dévoué; yours most truly or sincerely.

se dévouer, v.r., to devote one’s self, to dedicate one’s self. Se — à la patrie; to sacrifice one’s self to one’s country.

dévoyé, n. adj., misled; stray sheep; wanderer from the fold.

dévoyer, v.a., to mislead, to lead astray; (arch.) to place obliquely; to cause a looseness (in the bowels).

se dévoyer, v.r., ☉to lose one’s way; (arch.) to be placed obliquely; (rel.) to go astray.

dextérité, n.f., dexterity, adroitness, cleverness, skill.

dextre, adj., right-handed; (her.) dexter.

☉dextre, n.f., the right hand.

☉dextrement, adv., dexterously.

dextrine, n.f., (chem.) dextrine.

dey, n.m., dey.

dia! int., hoi (to make horses turn to the left). Il n’entend ni à — ni à hurhau; there is no making him hear reason. L’un tire à — et l’autre à hurhau; they pull different ways.

diabase, n.m., (min.) green-stone.

diabète, n.m., (med.) diabetes.

diabétique, adj., diabetic.

diable (diâbl), n.m., devil; hell; wayward child; deuce; truck, drag. Un ragoût à la —; a wretchedly bad dish. Les —s sont déchaînés; hell has broken loose. Va au —; go to the devil. Un bon —; a good-natured fellow. Un méchant —; a mischievous dog. Un pauvre —; a poor wretch. Le — s’en mêle; the devil is in it. Le — t’emporte; the devil take you. Quel — d’homme est-ce là? what devil of a fellow is this? C’est là le —; there’s the rub. C’est une — d’affaire; it is a confounded business. Cela ne vaut pas le —; that is not worth a straw, a rap. Il a le — au corps; the devil is in him. Brûler une chandelle au —; to hold a candle to the devil. Faire le — contre quelqu’un; to play the devil with any one. Faire le — à quatre; to play the devil; to play all sorts of tricks. Tirer le — par la queue; to be hard up. Il n’est pas si — qu’il est noir; the devil is not so black as he is painted. Au —! the devil take it. Allé au —; gone to the devil. Au — vert; a devil of a way. C’est le — à confesser; it is terribly hard to do. Loger le — dans sa bourse; to be penniless. La beauté du —; youth and freshness. Le — bat sa femme et marie sa fille; it rains and shines at the same time. — de mer; sea-cormorant, sea-devil.

diable! int., the devil, the deuce, confound it! hang it! Comment —! how the devil! Que — avez-vous? what the devil is the matter with you? À quoi — s’amuse-t-il? what the deuce is he about? De quoi — se mêle-t-il? why the deuce does he meddle?

diablement, adv., devilishly, devilish.

diablerie, n.f., witchcraft; jugglery; devilry (of children); piece of devilry. Il y a quelque — là-dessous; there is some jugglery in all that.

diablesse, n.f., shrew, vixen; she-devil. Une bonne —; a good-natured creature. Une pauvre —; a poor wretch.

diablotin, n.m., imp, little devil; troublesome imp; chocolate lozenge; (nav.) mizzen-top, stay-sail.

diabolique, adj., diabolical, devilish.

diaboliquement (-lik-mān), adv., diabolically, devilishly.

diachylon, or diachylum, n.m., diachylon, diachylum.

diaco, n.m., deacon or chaplain in the order of Malta.

diacode, n.m., diacodium.

diacommatique, n.f., (mus.) the raising of a note to lead to a transition.

diaconal, -e, adj., diaconal.

diaconat, n.m., diaconate, deaconry, deacon’s orders.

diaconesse, n.f., deaconess.

diaconie, n.f., deaconry, almonry.

diacoustique, n.f., diacoustics.

diacre, n.m., deacon.

diadelphie, n.f., (bot.) diadelphia.

diadelphique, adj., (bot.) diadelphian.

diadème, n.m., diadem, crown.

diaggot, n.m., birch-oil.

diagnostic, n.m., (med.) diagnostic.

diagnostique, adj., (med.) diagnostics.

diagnostiquer, v.a., to diagnose.

diagonal, -e, adj., diagonal.

diagonale, n.f., (geom.) diagonal.

diagonalement (-nal-mān), adv., diagonally.

diagramme, n.m., (geom.) diagram.

diagraphe, n.m., diagraph.

dialecte, n.m., dialect.

dialecticien (-in), n.m., dialectician.

dialectique, n.f., dialectics, logic.

dialectique, adj., dialectic, dialectical.

dialectiquement (-tik-mān), adv., dialectically.

dialogique, adj., dialogistic, dialogistical.

dialogisme, n.m., dialogism.

dialogiste, n.m., writer of dialogues, dialogist.

dialogue (-log), n.m., dialogue.

dialoguer (-ghé), v.a., to make several persons speak in character; (mus.) to make two or more voices, or two or more instruments, reply to each other; to put in the form of a dialogue.

dialoguer (-ghé), v.n., to compose dialogues; to speak, to talk; to converse familiarly with, to chat with, to carry on a dialogue.

dialogueur, n.m., dialogue-writer, dialogist.

diamant, n.m., diamond; (nav.) crown, throat (of anchors); (horl.) jewel. — taillé; cut diamond. — brut; rough diamond. — de nature; diamond unfit for the wheel. —s de la couronne; crown jewels. — de première eau; diamond of the first water. Monter un —; to set a diamond. — de vitrier; glazier’s diamond.

diamantaire, adj., of diamond brilliancy.

diamantaire, n.m., diamond-cutter.

diamanter, v.a., to set with diamonds; to render sparkling; to tinsel, to frost.

diamantifère, adj., diamondiferous.

diamétral, -e, adj., diametrical.

diamétralement (-tral-mān), adv., diametrically. Sentiments — opposés; sentiments diametrically opposed to each other.

diamètre, n.m., diameter. Demi-diamètre; semi-diameter.

diandrie, n.f., (bot.) diandria.

diandrique, adj., (bot.) having two stamens.

diane, n.f., (nav.) morning-gun; (milit.) reveille, the beat of drum at day-break.

diantre, n.m., the deuce. Au — soit l’imbécile! the deuce take the fool!

diantre, int., the deuce! the dickens!

diantrement, adv., deucedly; confoundedly.

diapalme, n.m., (pharm.) a kind of ointment.

diapason, n.m., (mus.) pitch, diapason; tuning-fork.

diapédèse, n.m., (med.) diapedesis.

diaphane, adj., diaphanous, transparent, translucent.

diaphanéité, n.f., diaphaneity, transparency.

diaphorèse, n.f., (med.) diaphoresis.

diaphorétique, adj., (med.) diaphoretic.

diaphragmatique, adj., (anat.) diaphragmatic.

diaphragme, n.m., diaphragm, midriff; partition with an opening through it; body (of a building).

diaphragmite, n.f., (med.) diaphragmatitis.

diaphtore, n.f., (med.) corruption of the aliments in the stomach; corruption of the fœtus in the womb.

diapré, -e, adj., diapered, variegated, diversified. Un nez —; a nose covered with red pimples.

diapré, n.m., diaper-work.

diaprer, v.a., to variegate, to diaper.

se diaprer, v.r., to become diapered, to become variegated.

diaprun, n.m., (pharm.) lenitive electuary, confection of senna.

diaprure, n.f., variegation.

diarrhée, n.f., (med.) diarrhœa.

diarthrose, n.f., (anat.) diarthrosis.

diascordium (-om), n.m., (pharm.) diascordium.

diastase, n.f., (surg.) diastasis.

diastole, n.f., (physiology) diastole.

diastrophie, n.f., (surg.) the displacing of the muscles, with or without luxation.

diastyle, n.m., (arch.) diastyle.

diatessaron, n.m., (mus.) diatessaron.

diathèse, n.f., (med.) diathesis.

diatonique, adj., (mus.) diatonic.

diatoniquement, adv., in a diatonic scale, diatonically.

diatragacanthe, n.m., (pharm.) tragacanth powder.

diatribe, n.f., sharp criticism, dissertation, castigation, diatribe.

dicacité, n.f., waggery, causticity.

dichorée (-ko-), n.m., (Latin, Grec. poet.) dichoreus, dichoree.

dichotome (-ko-), adj., (bot.) dichotomous.

dichotomie (-ko-), n.f., (astron.) dichotomy.

dicotylédone, n.f., (bot.) dicotyledon.

dicotylédone, adj., (bot.) dicotyledonous.

dictame, n.m., (bot.) dittany; (fig.) balm, remedy. — blanc; fraxinella, bastard dittany. — faux; bastard dittany. Origan —, — de Crète; dittany of Crete; Cretan marum.

dictamen (-mèn), n.m., dictate, suggestion, consciousness.

dictateur, n.m., dictator.

dictatorial, -e, adj., dictatorial.

dictature, n.f., dictatorship.

dictée, n.f., act of dictating, dictation. Ecrire sous la —; to write from dictation.

dicter, v.a., to dictate, to indite; to prompt; to suggest; to prescribe.

diction, n.f., diction, elocution, phraseology style; delivery.

dictionnaire, n.m., dictionary. — vivant; walking dictionary. À coups de —; by constant reference to the dictionary; labored. — de prononciation; pronouncing dictionary. — de mots obscurs; glossary. — de géographie; geographical dictionary, gazetteer. — de marine; dictionary of naval terms.

dicton, n.m., saying, common saying, byword, saw, proverb; (l.u.) sarcasm.

dictum (-tom), n.m., (jur.) purview of an act or decree.

didactique, adj., didactic.

didactique, n.m., didactic order; didactic language.

didactique, n.f., didactic art.

didactiquement, adv., didactically.

didactyle, adj., didactylous.

dideau, n.m., crossing-net.

didelphe, n.m., adj., (zoöl.) didelphys; didelphic.

didyme, adj., (bot.) didymous.

didynamie, n.f., (bot.) didynamia.

dièdre, adj., (geom.) dihedral.

diel, n.m., a kind of French fuller’s earth.

diérèse, n.f., (gram.) diæresis.

dièse, n.m., (mus.) diesis, sharp.

diésé, -e, adj., (mus.) marked with a diesis, sharp.

diéser, v.a., (mus.) to mark a note to be played sharp; to play a note sharp.

diète, n.f., diet, regimen; diet (an assembly of the states of Germany). Faire —; to diet one’s self, to live moderately.

diététique, adj., (med.) dietetical.

diététique, n.f., (med.) dietetics.

diététiste, n.m., (med.) dietetist.

diétine, n.f., local diet; cantonal convention, dietine.

dieu, n.m., God. — tout-puissant; Almighty God. Le — des armées; the Lord of Hosts. Le bon —; God Almighty; the host. Croire en —; to believe in God. Porter le bon — à un malade; to carry the host to a sick person. La Fête-Dieu; Corpus Christi-day. Un homme de —; a godly man. Un Hôtel-Dieu; (—s-—) a hospital. — vous bénisse; God bless you. S’il plaît à —, avec l’aide de —, — aidant; God willing, God helping. — le veuille, plût à —; God grant it, would to God. — m’en garde, — m’en préserve, à — ne plaise; God forbid. — merci, grâces à —; thank God. Bon —! mon —! good God! good heavens! dear me! goodness me! Jurer ses grands dieux; to swear by all that is sacred. Au nom de —; in God’s name. Pour l’amour de —; for God’s sake, out of charity, for charity’s sake. Les dieux du paganisme; the heathen gods. —! grand —! good God!

dieudonné, n.m., heaven-sent, heaven-born. À la grâce de —; In God’s name! As the Lord directs.

diffamant, -e, adj., defamatory, libelous, slanderous.

diffamat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., defamer, detractor, slanderer, libeler, calumniator.

diffamation, n.f., defamation, aspersion, calumny, slandering, libeling, traducing. — verbale; (jur.) slander.

diffamatoire, adj., defamatory, libelous, slanderous.

diffamer, v.a., to defame, to slander, to traduce.

différemment (di-fé-ra-mān), adv., differently.

différence, n.f., odds; difference, disagreement; diversity, disproportion, contrast, disparity. — marquée; material difference. — notable; wide difference. — du tirant d’eau; (nav.) difference in the draught of water. — en moins; difference against. — en plus; difference in favor of. Avec cette — que; except that. A la — de; contrary to.

différencier, v.a., to make a difference, to distinguish; (math.) to differentiate.

différend, n.m., difference, quarrel, dispute; difference (of value). Avoir un — avec quelqu’un; to be at variance with any one. Partager le —; to split the difference.

différent, -e, adj., different, dissimilar, unlike, various, divers, distinct, sundry, opposite, contrary. — l’un de l’autre; unlike. À des degrés —s; in different degrees.

différentiel, -le, adj., (math.) differential. Calcul —; differential calculus.

différentielle, n.f., (math.) differential.

différentier, v.a., (math.) to differentiate.

différer, v.a., to defer, to delay, to put off, to postpone, to adjourn. Ce qui est différé n’est pas perdu; what is put off is not lost.

différer, v.n., to defer, to put off, to delay.

se différer, v.r., to be put off, delayed.

différer, v.n., to differ, to be unlike, to be different; to disagree.

difficile, adj., difficult, hard, trying; nice; particular; willful, skittish (of horses). Un homme —; a man hard to please. Temps —s; hard times. De — accès; hard to get at. Il est — sur les aliments; he is fastidious as regards his meals. Faire le —; to be difficult to please, to be squeamish.

difficilement (-sil-mān), adv., with difficulty, with much ado, with great pains, not easily.

difficulté, n.f., difficulty; objection; obstacle, hindrance, impediment; cross, rub; misunderstanding, quarrel. Cela ne souffre point de —; that admits of no difficulty. — de respirer; shortness of breath. Faire des —s; to raise objections. Faire — de quelque chose; to scruple about anything. Trancher la —; to decide peremptorily. Avoir des —s; to have crosses. Il y a entre eux quelque —; there is some tiff between them. Sans —; undoubtedly, without doubt.

difficultueu-x, -se, adj., squeamish, fidgety, never satisfied; hard to please.

diffluence, n.f., diffluence.

diffluent, -e, adj., diffluent.

diffluer, v.n., to spread diffusely.

difforme, adj., deformed, ill-favored, misshapen, ugly.

difformer, v.a., to deform, to deface (coins).

difformité, n.f., deformity, ugliness.

diffraction, n.f., (opt.) diffraction.

diffus, -e, adj., diffuse, prolix, wordy, verbose, long-winded.

diffusément, adv., diffusely, verbosely, wordily.

diffusion, n.f., diffusion; diffusiveness; prolixity, vagueness, wordiness, verbosity. — de style; prolixity of style.

digastrique, adj., (anat.) digastric.

digérer, v.a., to digest; to examine, to discuss, to scan, to set in order; to bear, to brook, to stomach, to put up with, to suffer. — de la viande; to digest meat. Non digéré; undigested. Bien —; to thoroughly master. Il ne peut — cet affront; he cannot brook or swallow that affront.

digérer, v.n., (chem.) to digest.

digeste, n.m., digest.

digesteur, n.m., (chem.) digester.

digesti-f, -ve, adj., digestive.

digestif, n.m., (med.) digestive.

digestion (-tion), n.f., digestion. Cela aide à la —; that aids digestion. Cette entreprise est de dure —; this is a laborious enterprise.

digital, -e, adj., digital.

digitale, n.f., (bot.) foxglove, digitalis.

digitaline, n.f., (chem.) digitaline.

digité, -e, adj., (bot.) digitated, finger-like, fingered.

digitigrade, n.m., (mam.) digitigrade.

diglyphe, n.m., (arch.) diglyph.

*digne, adj., deserving, worthy; dignified. Un — homme; a worthy man. Un — magistrat; an upright magistrate. — de foi; deserving of credit. Cela est — de lui; that’s just like him. Il était — d’un meilleur sort; he deserved a better fate.

*dignement, adv., worthily, deservedly, justly, according to one’s deserts; handsomely, properly, suitably, with dignity. Il s’acquitte — de sa charge; he performs the duties of his office in a worthy manner.

dignifier, v.a., to dignify, to elevate, to enhance.

*dignitaire, n.m., dignitary.

*dignité, n.f., dignity; stateliness, power. Il soutient la — de son rang; he maintains the dignity of his station. Être constitué en —; to be raised to power. Parvenir aux —s; to attain to honors. Faire de la —; to assume an air of (offended) dignity.

digon, n.m., pole, flag-yard; gaff.

digresser, v.n., to depart from the main subject, to digress.

digressi-f, -ve, adj., digressive.

digression, n.f., digression. Faire des —s; to wander away from one’s subject.

digressivement, adv., digressively.

digue (dig), n.f., dike, dam, mound, embankment, bank; bound, obstacle; bulwark, security.

diguement (dig-mān), n.m., embankment, causeway (ports).

diguer (-ghé), v.a., to dam, to dike, to embark; to spur.

digyne, adj., (bot.) digynous (having two pistils).

digynie, n.f., (bot.) digynia.

dilacération, n.f., tearing or rending, dilaceration, laceration.

dilacérer, v.a., to dilacerate, to lacerate, to tear off or to pieces.

☉dilaniat-eur, -rice, adj., dilaniating, lacerating, rending.

dilapidat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., dilapidator, squanderer.

dilapidat-eur, -rice, adj., wasteful, extravagant.

dilapidation, n.f., dilapidation, waste, embezzlement.

dilapider, v.a., to dilapidate, to waste, to squander; to embezzle.

dilatabilité, n.f., (phys.) dilatability.

dilatable, adj., (phys.) dilatable, expansible.

dilatant, n.m., (surg.) dilating body, agent, instrument.

dilatateur, n.m., (surg.) dilator. adj., dilating.

dilatation, n.f., dilatation, expansion, distension; (surg.) enlargement, stretching. La — d’une plaie; the dilatation of a sore.

dilatatoire, n.m. V. dilatateur.

dilater, v.a., to dilate, to enlarge, to widen; to distend, to expand. La joie dilate le cœur; joy gladdens the heart.

se dilater, v.r., to dilate, to be dilated; to be distended.

dilatoire, adj., dilatory.

dilection, n.f., love, charity (episcopal).

dilemme (di-lem), n.m., dilemma.

dilettante (di-let-tan-t), n.m.f., (dilettanti) dilettante.

dilettantisme (-lèt-tan-), n.m., dilettantism.

diligemment (-ja-mān), adv., diligently, speedily, promptly, expeditiously.

diligence, n.f., diligence, speed, despatch; stage-coach, summary of a lecture; (jur.) suit, proceedings; vigilance, care. Bureau des —s; coach-office. Aller en —; to go with speed; to go by coach. User de —; to use despatch. À la — d’un tel; (jur.) at the suit of such a one. Voyager par la — d’Adam; to go on shanks’ mare.

diligent, -e, adj., diligent, quick; sedulous, assiduous, mindful, active, watchful.

diligenter, v.a., to hasten, to forward, to urge on, to be quick.

se diligenter, v.r., to make haste, to use diligence, to be quick.

diligenter, v.n., to hasten, to be quick.

dilogie, n.f., duo-drama (i.e., in two parts).

diluer, v.a., to dilute.

dilution, n.f., dilution.

diluvien, -ne (-in, -ène), adj., diluvian.

diluvium (-viome), n.m., (geol.) diluvium.

dîmable, adj., tithable.

dimanche, n.m., Sunday, Sabbath, the Lord’s-day. Le — de Pâques; Easter Sunday. Le — des Rameaux; Palm-Sunday. Le — gras; Shrove Sunday. Tel qui rit vendredi — pleurera; laugh to-day and cry to-morrow, i.e., laughter is akin to tears. (Racine.)

dîme, n.f., tithe.

dîmée, n.f., tithing.

dimension, n.f., dimension.

dîmer, v.a., to tithe, to levy tithes. — dans un champ; to tithe a field. — au pressoir; to tithe wine in the press.

dîmer, v.n., to have a right to tithe.

dîmeur, n.m., tithe-gatherer.

diminuer, v.a., to diminish, to lessen, to shorten, to reduce, to retrench, to curtail, to impair, to abate, to slacken.

diminuer, v.n., to diminish, to lessen, to decrease, to abate, to fall, to go down (in price).

diminuti-f, -ve, adj., diminutive.

diminutif, n.m., diminutive.

diminution, n.f., diminution; abridgment, curtailing, reduction, abatement; diminishing, lessening. — de dépenses; curtailment of expenses; tapering (of columns).

dimissoire, n.m., (ecc.) dimissory letter.

dimissorial, -e, adj., (ecc.) dimissory.

dinanderie (di-nan-drî), n.f., brass wares.

dinandier, n.m., brazier.

dinatoire, adj., relating to dinner. Déjeuner —; lunch-dinner.

dinde, n.f., turkey-hen.

dindon, n.m., turkey-cock; (person) goose. C’est un franc —; he is a thorough goose.

dindonneau, n.m., young turkey; poult.

dindonni-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., turkey-keeper.

dîné, or dîner, n.m., dinner, dinner-party. L’heure du —; dinner-time.

☉dînée, n.f., dinner (at an inn) or on the road.

dîner, v.n., to dine, to be at dinner. Prier quelqu’un de —; to ask anyone to stay to dinner. Prier à —; to invite to dine. — par cœur; to go dinnerless. — de; to dine off. Son assiette dîne pour lui; though he dines out, still he pays.

dînette, n.f., treat, feast, doll’s dinner. Faire la —; to play at dinners.

dîneur, n.m., diner; eater.

dinosaurien, n.m., (foss.) dinosaurian.

dinothérium (-té-ri-ome), n.m., (—s) (foss.) dinotherium.

diocésain, -e, adj., diocesan.

diocésain, n.m., -e, n.f., inhabitant of a diocese.

diocèse, n.m., diocese.

diœcie (di-é-sî), n.f., (bot.) diœcia.

dioïque, adj., (bot.) diœcian.

dionée, n.f., (bot.) dionæa, catch-fly plant.

dionysiaque, adj., (antiq.) concerning Bacchus, of Bacchus.

dionysiaques or dionysies, n.f.pl., (antiq.) Dionysia.

dioptrique, n.f., (opt.) dioptrics.

dioptrique, adj., dioptrical.

diorama, n.m., diorama.

diorite, n.m., (geol.) green-stone.

diphtongue (-tong), n.f., diphthong.

diploé, n.m., (anat.) diploe.

diplomate, n.m., diplomatist.

diplomate, adj., diplomatic.

diplomatie, n.f., diplomacy.

diplomatique, n.f., diplomatics.

diplomatique, adj., diplomatic.

diplomatiquement (-tik-mān), adv., diplomatically.

diplomatiste, n.m., diplomatist.

diplôme, n.m., diploma.

diplopie, n.f., double vision, diplopia.

dipode, adj., having two feet or two fins.

diptère, adj., (arch., ent.) dipteral.

diptère, n.m., dipteral insect. pl., diptera.

diptyque, n.m., (antiq.) diptych.

dire (disant, dit), v.a., to tell, to say, to speak, to state, to write, to relate; to think; to believe; to express; to name, to decree. — d’avance; to say beforehand. — entre les dents; to mutter between one’s teeth. Dites votre avis; give your opinion. Dis-je; said I. On dit; it is said. On le dit parti; he is said to have left. — du bien ou du mal de quelqu’un; to speak well or ill of anyone. — des injures à quelqu’un; to call any one names. — des duretés; to say harsh things. — quelque chose à l’oreille; to whisper anything. Si le cœur vous en dit; if you feel so minded. Le cœur vous en dit-il? are you agreeable or game? Pour tout —; in a word. Pour mieux —; or rather. Soit dit entre nous; between ourselves. Cela va sans —; that is understood, that goes without saying, of course, that is a matter of course. C’est-à-dire; that is to say. Pour ainsi —; so to speak. Ce n’est pas à — que; it does not follow that. Est-ce à — que? does it follow that? Que veut — cela? qu’est-ce que cela veut —? what is the meaning of that? — la messe; to say mass. Je ne sais que — de tout cela; I do not know what to think of all that. Faire — à quelqu’un; to make any one say; to send word to anyone. Tout est dit; all is over; there’s an end of it. Cela ne dit rien; that is nothing to the point. Cela soit dit en passant; but that by the way. C’est tout —; I needn’t say more! Cela vous plaît à —; you are pleased to say so. Quand je vous le disais; or je vous le disais bien; or je vous l’avais bien dit; didn’t I tell you so! or, what did I tell you. Trouver à —; to find amiss, to find fault.

se dire, v.r., to call oneself, to style oneself, to give oneself out as; to be called; to be said.

dire, n.m., what one says, saying, words, statement; (jur.) allegation. Le — du défendeur; the statement of the defendant. Au — de tout le monde; according to what everybody says; by all accounts. Le bien-dire; elegance of speech. Se fier pour quelque chose au — des autres or d’autrui; to take anything upon trust.

direct (di-rèkt), -e, adj., direct, straight, immediate; direct, assessed (of taxes). En ligne —e; in a straight line. —; (rail.) express, through. Par train —; by express, through train.

directe, n.f., (feudal jur.) lordship.

directement, adv., directly, straightforwardly; point-blank, home. Aller — à son but; to go straight to one’s goal. — contraire; quite contrary. — en face; just opposite.

direct-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., director, manager, superintendent, overseer, conductor; directress, conductress; warden, master, principal. — de la monnaie; master of the mint. — général des postes; postmaster general.

direction, n.f., direction, management, directorship; director’s house or office; (math.) bearing; (mining) stretch; bearing. Avoir la —; to preside. — de créanciers; meeting of creditors. Biens en —; goods placed under the control of assignees.

directoire, n.m., directory, rubric; guide; the supreme executive council of France in 1795.

directorat, n.m., directorship, directorate.

directorial, -e, adj., directorial.

dirigeant, -e (-jān, -t), adj., directing, leading, acting.

diriger, v.a., to direct; to guide, to conduct, to manage; to steer, to govern; (of troops) to forward, send off, despatch. — des poursuites contre; to take proceedings against.

se diriger, v.r., to direct one’s steps, to go towards; to make for; to take pattern from; to direct, to govern, one’s self; (nav.) to stand in.

dirimant, -e, adj., (canon law) invalidating. Empêchement —; an impediment that invalidates a marriage.

dirimer, v.a., to invalidate, to annul.

discale, n.f., (com.) tret, tare, shrinkage.

discaler, v.n., (com.) to tare, to diminish.

discernement, n.m., distinction; discernment, judgment, discrimination. Age de —; years of discretion.

discerner, v.a., to discern, to distinguish, to know, to discriminate. — le vrai du faux; to distinguish truth from untruth.

disciple, n.m., disciple, pupil, scholar, follower.

disciplinable, adj., disciplinable, governable, tractable.

discipline, n.f., discipline, education, training; castigation, scourge. Donner la —; to chastise.

discipliner, v.a., to discipline; to chastise, to scourge.

se discipliner, v.r., to be formed to discipline; to scourge one’s self.

discobole, n.m., (antiq.) discobolus.

discoïde, adj., (conch.) discoidal, discoid.

discontinu, -e, adj., discontinuous.

discontinuation, n.f., discontinuance, discontinuation.

discontinuer, v.a., to discontinue, to interrupt, to leave off, to suspend, to give over.

discontinuer, v.n., to discontinue, to cease, to leave off.

discontinuité, n.f., discontinuity, discontinuance, discontinuation.

disconvenable, adj., unsuitable, improper.

disconvenablement, adv., improperly, unsuitably.

disconvenance, n.f., incongruity, discrepancy, disagreement, unsuitableness; dissimilarity, dissimilitude; disproportion, difference, inequality.

disconvenir, v.n., to deny, to disown; not to suit, to disagree with. Il ne disconvient pas du fait; he does not deny the fact.

discord, n.m., discord, dissension.

discord, adj.m., (mus.) out of tune, jarring, discordant.

discordance, n.f., discordancy, disagreement, discrepancy; (mus.) inconsonancy; dissonance.

discordant, -e, adj., discordant, jarring, dissonant, harsh, out of tune; untunable, tuneless, unmusical; disagreeing, inharmonious, incongruous.

discorde, n.f., discord, disagreement, variance, disunion, dissension, strife. Pomme de —; bone of contention.

discorder, v.n., (mus.) to be out of tune, to be discordant, inconsonant; to jar.

discoureu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., talker; babbler, chatterer, twaddler. Quel ennuyeux —! what a chattering bore!

discourir, v.n., to discourse, to descant on, to reason about.

discours, n.m., discourse; speech, oration, address; subject. Les parties du —; the parts of speech. — oratoire; set speech. — en l’air; idle talk. C’est un bon —; it is a good speech. Faire un —; to make a speech, to deliver an address, an oration. Tenir des —; to say things.

discourtois, -e, adj., discourteous, unmannerly; uncivil.

discourtoisement, adv., discourteously.

discourtoisie, n.f., discourtesy, unmannerliness, incivility.

discrédit, n.m., discredit, disrepute, disgrace.

discréditer, v.a., to discredit; to bring into discredit, into disrepute; to bring discredit on.

discr-et, -ète, adj., discreet, considerate, cautious, prudent; wary, circumspect; reserved, secret, close; shy.

discrètement, adv., discreetly, cautiously, circumspectly, warily, prudently, reservedly.

discrétion, n.f., circumspection, prudence; discretion, reserve, wariness; reservedness, discreetness. L’âge de —; years of discretion. Agir, parler avec —; to act or speak warily. Vivre à —; (milit.) to have free quarters. Se rendre à —; to surrender at discretion. Avoir du pain à —; to have bread ad libitum.

discrétionnaire, adj., discretionary.

discrétoire, n.m., council-room; council.

disculpation, n.f., exculpation.

disculper, v.a., to exculpate, to vindicate, to clear, to exonerate.

discursi-f, -ve, adj., discursive.

☉discussi-f, -ve, adj., (med.) discutient.

discussion, n.f., discussion, debate; altercation, strife, wrangling, dispute; (jur.) seizure and sale (of the property of a debtor). — de biens; (jur.) distraint, execution. Sans division ni —; jointly and severally.

discutable, adj., debatable, disputable, contestable.

discuter, v.a., to discuss, to debate, to argue; to examine, to canvass, to inquire into; to scan, to sift, to search into. — un point de droit; to discuss an article of law. — les biens d’un débiteur; to distrain the goods of a debtor.

disert, -e, adj., copious, fluent, eloquent.

disertement, adv., copiously, profusely, fluently, fully.

disette, n.f., scarcity, dearth, want; poverty, penury.

☉disetteu-x, -se, adj., needy, necessitous.

diseu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., teller, speaker, talker. — de bonne aventure; fortune-teller. — de bons mots; jester. — de nouvelles; newsmonger. — de riens; idle talker. Un beau —; a fine talker.

disgrâce, n.f., disgrace, disfavor; misfortune, affliction; reverse, downfall.

disgracié, -e, part., out of favor. — de la nature; deformed, disfigured, ill-favored.

disgracier, v.a., to disgrace, to put out of favor.

disgracieusement, adv., awkwardly, ungracefully, unhandsomely.

disgracieu-x, -se, adj., ungraceful, uncomely, uncouth, ungracious; disagreeable; unpleasant, awkward.

disgrégation, n.f., (opt.) disgregation; separation, V. désagrégation.

disjoindre, v.a., to disjoin, to disunite.

se disjoindre, v.r., to come apart or asunder.

disjoncti-f, -ve, adj., (gram.) disjunctive.

disjonction, n.f., disjunction, separation; (jur.) severance.

disjonctive, n.f., (gram.) disjunctive.

dislocation, n.f., dislocation, dismemberment, luxation. Il y a —; the bone is out of joint. La — d’une armée; the breaking up of an army.

disloquer, v.a., to dislocate, to dismember, to disjoint, to put out of joint; to take to pieces (machine); (milit.) to break up (an army).

dispache, n.f., (insur.) assessment.

dispacheur, n.m., nautical assessor.

disparaître, v.n., to vanish; to vanish out of sight; to get out of the way; to elope; to abscond; to disappear.

disparate, n.f., incongruity, dissimilarity.

disparate, adj., incongruous, dissimilar, disparate; unlike, ill-matched.

disparité, n.f., disparity, dissimilarity.

disparition, n.f., disappearance.

dispendieu-x, -se, adj., expensive; costly.

dispensaire, n.m., (med.) pharmacopœia; dispensary.

dispensat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., dispenser.

dispensation, n.f., dispensation, distribution.

dispense, n.f., dispensation, exemption, permission, license.

dispenser, v.a., to exempt; to dispense with; to dispense, to bestow. Dispensez-moi de faire cela; excuse me from doing that. Le soleil dispense à tous sa lumière; the sun bestows or sheds his light upon all.

se dispenser, v.r., to dispense with; to exempt or excuse oneself from; to spare oneself; to be distributed.

disperser, v.a., to disperse; to scatter, to dispel, to break up.

se disperser, v.r., to disperse; to be dispersed, to spread about, to be scattered, to dispel.

dispersion, n.f., dispersion, dispersing, scattering, breaking up.

dispondée, n.m., (poet.) dispondee.

disponibilité, n.f., (jur.) power of disposal (of property); (milit.) state of being unattached. Être en —; (milit.) to be unattached. Fonds en —; disposable funds.

disponible, adj., free, disposable, available, unoccupied, disengaged, vacant. n.m., goods in bond.

dispos, adj.m., active, nimble, cheerful, well, hearty.

disposé, -e, part., disposed, inclined; ready; prepared; apt, liable. Un homme bien — pour quelqu’un; a man well disposed towards any one. Mal —; ill-disposed.

disposer, v.a., to dispose, to order, to lay out; to prepare, to make ready, to fit; to incline, to prevail upon; to have at command.

se disposer, v.r., to dispose oneself, to be disposed; to get ready, to prepare; to array oneself; to be about to.

disposer, v.n., to dispose of; to prescribe, to ordain, to order, to make over; (com.) to draw a bill. Vous pouvez — de moi; you may draw upon me. L’homme propose et Dieu dispose; man proposes and God disposes. Disposez de moi; make what use you like of me.

☉dispositi-f, -ve, adj., preparatory.

dispositif, n.m., (jur.) purview, terms (of an act, decree, etc.). Le — d’un arrét; the purview or terms of a decree.

disposition, n.f., disposition, arrangement; order; provision; disposal; service; tendency; inclination, aptness; humor; mind, resolution; habit. Les —s d’une loi; the provisions of a law. — testamentaire; (jur.) will, bequest, devise. Il a des gens à sa —; he has people at his disposal. Il a de très bonnes —s pour vous; he is very well disposed towards you. Être en bonne —; to enjoy good health; to be very fit. Cela est à votre —; that is at your service.

disproportion, n.f., disproportion.

disproportionné, -e, adj., disproportionate.

disproportionnel, -le, adj., disproportional.

disproportionnellement (-nèl-mān), adv., disproportionally.

disputable, adj., disputable, controvertible, contestable, debatable; doubtful.

*disputailler, v.n., to wrangle about trifles.

*disputaillerie, n.f., wrangling, squabbling, bickering.

*disputailleur, n.m., caviler, wrangler.

disputant, n.m., disputant.

dispute, n.f., discussion, disputation, dispute, contest, wrangle, wrangling.

disputer, v.n., to discuss; to argue, to dispute; to contend, to contest, to wrangle. — contre quelqu’un; to dispute with any one. Le — à; to vie with. — sur un point de droit; to discuss a point of law. De quoi dispute-t-on? what is the matter under discussion? — de; to contend for.

disputer, v.a., to contend for, to dispute, to call in question; to fight for. Il lui dispute le pas; he contends with him for precedence. — le passage à quelqu’un; to oppose any one’s passage.

se disputer, v.r., to dispute; to contend for; to wrangle.

disputeu-r, -se, n. and adj., wrangler, disputant; disputatious, quarrelsome.

disqualifier, v.a., to disqualify.

disque, n.m., disc, quoit; (bot.) discus.

disquisition, n.f., disquisition.

disruption, n.f., disruption.

dissecteur, n.m., dissector.

dissection, n.f., dissection. — des nerfs; neurotomy.

dissemblable, adj., dissimilar, unlike, different.

dissemblablement, adv., dissimilarly.

dissemblance, n.f., dissimilitude, dissimilarity, difference.

dissembler, v.n., to differ, to be unlike.

dissémination, n.f., dissemination; (bot.) semination; scattering (of seeds).

disséminer, v.a., to disseminate, to scatter.

dissension, n.f., dissension, discord, disunion; strife, feud.

dissentiment, n.m., dissent, disagreement.

dissentir, v.n., to dissent.

disséquer, v.a., (surg.) to dissect; to analyze.

disséqueur, n.m., (iron.) dissector. V. dissecteur.

dissertat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., dissertator.

dissertati-f, -ve, adj., dissertative, disquisitive.

dissertation, n.f., dissertation, treatise (in schools); composition, essay.

disserter, v.n., to dissert. — sur un point d’histoire; to expatiate on a point of history.

dissidence, n.f., scission, dissidence, difference of opinion, dissent.

dissident, -e, n. and adj., dissident, dissenter; dissentient, dissident, dissenting.

dissimilaire, adj., dissimilar, different, unlike.

dissimilitude, n.f., dissimilitude, difference, unlikeness.

dissimulat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., dissembler, hypocrite.

dissimulation, n.f., dissimulation, dissembling; double-dealing. User de —; to dissemble. — de naissance; concealment of birth.

dissimulé, -e, n. and adj., dissembler; dissembling, double-faced, artful. Homme profondément —; man extremely double-faced. Caractère —; artful disposition.

dissimuler, v.a., to dissemble, to conceal, to hide; to play the hypocrite; to feign to take no notice of; to pretend not to do. — sa haine; to dissemble one’s hatred. — une injure; to take no notice of an insult.

se dissimuler, v.r., to conceal; to be concealed or suppressed or hid.

dissimuler, v.n., to dissemble. Il dissimula qu’il s’en fût aperçu; he pretended not to have perceived it.

dissipat-eur, -rice, n. and adj., squanderer, spendthrift, prodigal, waster; lavish, wasteful, extravagant.

dissipation, n.f., dissipation, wasting; waste; recreation, relaxation, diversion. Vivre dans la —; to lead a dissipated life.

dissiper, v.a., to dissipate, to scatter, to dispel, to disperse; to consume, to waste, to squander or fritter away, to spend; to recreate, to divert, to relax. — les factions; to quell factions. — son bien; to squander away one’s wealth.

se dissiper, v.r., to divert, recreate, or relax one’s self; to be dispersed, dispelled, or dissipated; to vanish, to pass away; to clear off.

dissolu, -e, adj., dissolute, profligate, lewd, loose, licentious.

dissolubilité, n.f., dissolubility.

dissoluble, adj., dissoluble, dissolvable.

dissolument, adv., dissolutely, loosely, lewdly, licentiously, riotously.

☉dissoluti-f, -ve, adj. V. dissolvant.

dissolution, n.f., dissolution; solution; dissoluteness, looseness of manners, licentiousness, lewdness; riot. — des simples; dissolution of herbs. La — d’un mariage; the annulling of a marriage. — de société; dissolution of partnership.

dissolvant, n.m., dissolvent, resolvent, solvent. L’eau est un grand —; water is a powerful dissolvent.

dissolvant, -e, adj., dissolvent, resolvent, solvent.

dissonance, n.f., (mus.) dissonance, discord.

dissonant, -e, adj., dissonant, discordant, jarring.

dissoner, v.n., (mus.) to make discord, to jar, to be discordant or dissonant.

dissoudre (dissolvant, dissous), v.a., to dissolve; to break, to break up. — un mariage; to annul a marriage.

se dissoudre, v.r., to dissolve, to be dissolved, to melt; to break up.

dissou-s, -te, part., dissolved, broken up.

dissuader, v.a., to dissuade, to advise to the contrary.

dissuasi-f, -ve, adj., dissuasive.

dissuasion, n.f., dissuasion.

dissyllabe, adj., (gram.) dissyllabic.

dissyllabe, n.m., (gram.) dissyllable.

dissyllabique, adj., dissyllabic.

distance, n.f., distance. Tenir à —; to keep at a distance. Garder sa —; to keep one’s distance.

distancé, -e, part., distanced.

distancer, v.a., to distance, to outdo.

distant, -e, adj., distant, remote, far off.

distendre, v.a., (med.) to distend.

se distendre, v.r., (med.) to be distended.

distension, n.f., (med.) distension, tension.

distillable, adj., distillable.

distillateur, n.m., distiller.

distillation, n.f., distillation.

distillatoire, adj., distillatory.

distiller, v.a., to distill; to discharge, to vent. — deux fois; to rectify. — son esprit sur quelque chose; to puzzle one’s brains over a thing. — son venin sur quelqu’un; to vent one’s spite upon any one.

distiller, v.n., to drop, to distill, to drizzle, to trickle; to be discharged, to be vented.

distillerie (-til-rî), n.f., distillery, still-house.

distinct (-tinct), -e, adj., distinct, different; separate; plain; clear.

distinctement, adv., distinctly, clearly, plainly.

distincti-f, -ve, adj., distinctive, distinguishing, characteristic. Caractère —, marque —ve; characteristic.

distinction, n.f., distinction, division; difference; eminence, superiority. Sans —; promiscuously, indiscriminately. Faire — de l’ami et de l’ennemi; to distinguish between a friend and a foe. Un homme de —; a man of refinement. Défaut de —; want of distinction. Par —; for distinction, for distinction’s sake.

distingué, -e, adj., distinguished, eminent, conspicuous; gentlemanly; ladylike; genteel. Naissance —e; high birth.

distinguer (-ghé), v.a., to discern, to distinguish; to make a distinction, to discriminate; to make eminent, to single out, to honor; to take notice of, to treat with marks of distinction.

se distinguer, v.r., to distinguish or signalize one’s self, to make oneself eminent; to be distinguished or conspicuous, to gain distinction. Il se distingue par ses talents; he is conspicuous for his talents.

distique, n.m., distich, couplet.

distique, adj., (bot.) having flowers or leaves in double and opposite rows.

distordre, v.a., (med.) to distort, to sprain. Se —, v.r., to become distorted.

distors, -e, adj., distorted.

distorsion, n.f., distortion, sprain.

distraction, n.f., separation, subtraction; abstraction, absence of mind, wandering, heedlessness, inattention; recreation, diversion, relief. — de dépens; (jur.) awarding of expenses. À t-on fait — des dépens; have costs been allowed? Il est sujet à des —s; he is subject to fits of absence of mind. Par —; inadvertently; by way of amusement.

distraire, v.a., to separate, to subtract; to call off, to take off, to divert from, to distract, to disturb; to divert; to entertain; to turn from; to deprive. La moindre chose le distrait; the least thing diverts his attention. — des études; to disturb from study.

se distraire, v.r., to divert one’s attention; to be disturbed; to divert oneself, to amuse oneself, to take some relaxation.

distrait, -e, adj., absent-minded; heedless, wandering; distracted, vacant. Un homme —; an absent-minded man. Air —, regards —s; absent air, vacant looks.

distrait, n.m., absent-minded man.

distrayant, -e, adj., diverting, pleasing, entertaining.

distribuable, adj., distributable.

distribuer, v.a., to distribute, to divide, to deal out, to portion out, to serve out; to dispose, lay out, arrange; (print.) to distribute; (theat.) to cast, to allot. — des aumônes; to distribute alms. — un appartement; to lay out a suite of rooms.

distributaire, n.m.f., recipient, receiver, sharer.

distribut-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., distributer, bestower, dispenser. — des vivres; (nav.) purser’s steward, purser’s mate.

distributi-f, -ve, adj., distributive.

distribution, n.f., distribution; division; laying out, disposition; delivery (of letters by post); (print.) distribution; (theat.) cast. Ordre de —; roll of creditors (for dividends). La — de cet appartement est commode; this suite of rooms is conveniently laid out.

distributivement (-tiv-mān), adv., distributively.

district (-trik), n.m., district; (fig.) province, jurisdiction.

dit, n.m., maxim; saying; ☉fable, tale. Les —s et faits des anciens; the acts and sayings of the ancients. Avoir son — et son dédit; to be able to say and unsay.

dit, -e, part., said, spoken; surnamed, alias, called. Ce qui fut — fut fait; he made his words good. Aussitôt —, aussitôt fait; no sooner said than done. Susdit; above-mentioned. Autrement —; in other words. Cela —; thereupon. Se le tenir pour —; to take it for granted.

dithyrambe, n.m., dithyramb; dithyrambic, dithyrambus.

dithyrambique, adj., dithyrambic.

dito, adv., (com.) Do (ditto).

diton, n.m., (mus.) ditone.

ditriglyphe, n.m., (arch.) ditriglyph.

diurétique, n.m. and adj., (med.) diuretic.

diurnal, n.m., (c.rel.) diurnal, daily prayer-book.

diurne, adj., (astron., med., ent.) diurnal, daily.

diurne, n.m., (ent.) diurnal insect. —s; diurna.

divagant, adj., wandering, rambling.

divagat-eur, -rice, n. and adj., desultory, rambling speaker; desultory, rambling.

divagation, n.f., divagation; wandering, rambling, disconnected, straying; (jur.) straying (of animals). Se perdre dans les —s; to lose sight of the question.

divaguer (-ghé), v.n., to be incoherent (either in writing or speaking), to ramble, to stray, to wander, to rave; to digress, to wander from the question; to go astray; to stray (of cattle).

divan, n.m., divan, sofa.

divarication, n.f., (med.) divarication.

divariqué, -e, adj., (bot.) straggling.

☉dive, adj., divine. n.f., goddess, diva.

divergence, n.f., divergence, divergency; difference of opinion.

divergent, -e, adj., divergent; different; (bot.) spreading.

diverger, v.n., to diverge; to branch off; to spread.

divers, -e, adj., diverse, various, different, multifarious, miscellaneous; divers, sundry, several.

divers, n.m.pl., (com.) sundries.

diversement, adv., diversely, variously, differently.

diversifier, v.a., to diversify, to variegate, to vary. — l’entretien; to give variety to the conversation.

se diversifier, v.r., to be varied, diversified.

diversion, n.f., diversion.

diversité, n.f., diversity, variety, difference.

divertir, v.a., to divert; to embezzle, to convert to one’s own use, to make away with, to convey away; to amuse, to recreate, to delight, to exhilarate. — des fonds; to misapply funds. Deniers divertis; embezzled money.

se divertir, v.r., to amuse oneself, to make merry, to divert or recreate oneself; to be diverted or amused, to be merry; to make sport with. Divertissez-vous bien; enjoy yourself.

divertissant, -e, adj., diverting, entertaining, amusing.

divertissement (-tis-mān), n.m., diversion, pastime, relaxation; amusement; entertainment; purloining, embezzlement. Une comédie avec des —s; a farcical comedy. — de deniers; embezzling of money.

dividende, n.m., dividend. — arriéré; unclaimed dividend. Faire un —; (com.) to declare a dividend.

divin, -e, adj., divine; godlike; heavenly; admirable, exquisite. L’office —; divine service. Ouvrage —; most admirable work. Beauté —e; heavenly beauty.

divinat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., diviner. adj., prophetic, divining, foreseeing.

divination, n.f., divination. — par le feu; pyromancy.

divinatoire, adj., divinatory; divining.

divinement (di-vi-n-mān), adv., divinely, admirably, exquisitely.

diviniser, v.a., to deify; to laud to the skies.

divinité, n.f., Divinity, Godhead, deity. Adorer la —; to worship the Divinity. C’est une — que cette femme; that woman is an angel.

divis, n.m., (l.u.) division, share. Posséder par —; to possess a portion of.

divise, n.f., (her.) narrow band.

diviser, v.a., to divide; to parcel out; to part, to portion out; to disunite, to set at variance. — le tout en ses parties; to divide the whole into its parts.

se diviser, v.r., to divide; to be divided; to be split into parts; to be disunited; to be at variance.

diviseur, n.m., (arith.) divisor; divider.

diviseur, adj.m., divisive, dividing.

divisibilité, n.f., divisibility.

divisible, adj., divisible.

division, n.f., division; partition; dividing; (math., print., rhet., milit., parliament) division; (nav.) squadron. Être en —; to be at variance.

divisionnaire, adj., divisional; divisionary, of a division.

divorce, n.m., divorce; variance. Faire — avec sa femme; to divorce one’s wife. Faire —; to renounce. Ils sont dans un continuel —; they are always at variance.

divorcer, v.n., to be divorced. Elle a divorcé d’avec lui; she has been divorced from him.

divulgation, n.f., divulgence; revelation; publishing.

divulguer (-ghé), v.a., to divulge, to blaze abroad, to reveal, to publish or make public.

dix, adj., ten, tenth. Innocent —; Innocent the tenth.

dix, n.m., ten; tenth.

dix-huit, adj., eighteen, eighteenth.

dix-huit, n.m., eighteen, eighteenth.

dix-huitième, adj., eighteenth.

dixième (-zièm), adj., tenth. Le — jour; the tenth day. La — fois; the tenth time.

dixième, n.m., tenth.

dixième, n.f., (mus.) tenth.

dixièmement (di-zièm-mān), adv., tenthly.

dixme, n.f. V. dîme.

dix-neuf, adj., nineteen, nineteenth.

dix-neuf, n.m., nineteen, nineteenth.

dix-neuvième, adj., nineteenth.

dix-neuvième, n.m., nineteenth.

dix-sept, adj., seventeen, seventeenth.

dix-sept, n.m., seventeen, seventeenth.

dix-septième, adj., seventeenth.

dix-septième, n.m., seventeenth.

dizain, n.m., decastich; (c.rel.) rosary consisting of ten beads; ten packs (of cards); set of ten.

dizaine, n.f., some ten. Il y avait une — de personnes; there were ten or twelve people.

dizeau, n.m., shock of wheat (consisting of ten sheaves); ten trusses of hay.

☉dizenier or dizainier, n.m., tithing-man.

djinn, n.m., (—s) (Arabian myth.) imp, evil spirit, demon. Les —s; swarm of demons.

d.m. (ab. for Docteur Médecin), M.D.

do, n.m., (mus.) C; do, ut.

docile, adj., docile, tractable, submissive, yielding, manageable.

docilement (do-sil-mān), adv., with docility, submissively.

docilité, n.f., docility, tractableness, manageableness; obedience.

docimasie or docimastique, n.f., (metal.) docimacy.

docimastique, adj., docimastic.

dock, n.m., dock; bonded warehouse.

docte, adj., erudite, learned.

doctement, adv., learnedly, in a learned manner; pedantically.

docteur, n.m., doctor. — en théologie, en droit, en médecine; doctor of divinity, of laws, of medicine.

doctissime, adj., most learned.

doctoral, -e, adj., doctoral.

doctoralement, adv., doctorally.

doctorat, n.m., doctorate, doctor’s degree.

doctorerie (-tor-rî), n.f., examination for the degree of D.D.

doctoresse, n.f., (jest.) doctoress.

doctrinaire, n.m., lay brother; doctrinaire. adj., lay, stiff, formal, pedantic.

doctrinairement, adv., stiffly, formally, systematically.

doctrinal, -e, adj., doctrinal.

doctrine, n.f., doctrine.

document, n.m., document, title, title-deed, charter, certificate.

dodécaèdre, n.m., (geom.) dodecahedron.

dodécagone, n.m., (geom.) dodecagon.

dodécagone, adj., twelve-angled.

dodécastyle, adj., dodecastyle.

dodelinement, n.m., rocking, swinging; dandling, fondling.

dodinage, n.m., shaking up, stirring (of wine).

dodiner or dodeliner, v.a., to rock; to swing, to fondle, to dandle.

dodiner, v.n., (horl., l.u.) to oscillate, to vibrate.

se dodiner, v.r., to nurse oneself, to coddle oneself.

dodo, n.m., (fam.) by-by, lullaby; sleep, bed. Aller à —; to go to bed, to go to sleep.

dodo, n.m., (pop.) (orni.) dodo. V. dronte.

dodu, -e, adj., plump.

dogaresse, n.f., the wife of a doge.

dogat, n.m., dogate.

doge, n.m., doge.

dogmatique, adj., dogmatic.

dogmatique, n.f., dogmatics.

dogmatiquement (-tik-mān), adv., dogmatically.

dogmatiser, v.n., to dogmatize.

dogmatiseur, n.m., dogmatizer.

dogmatiste, n.m., dogmatist.

dogme, n.m., dogma, tenet, doctrine.

dogre, n.m., Dutch dogger, dogger-boat.

dogue (dog), n.m., mastiff, house-dog; bull-dog.

doguin, n.m., -ne, n.f., (-ghin, -ghi-n), pug-dog, pug.

doigt (doa), n.m., finger; toe; hand; digit. Les cinq —s de la main; the five fingers of the hand. Un — du pied; a toe. Donner sur les —s; to give a rap on the knuckles. Être à deux —s de sa ruine; to be upon the brink of ruin. Savoir quelque chose sur le bout du —; to have a thing at one’s fingers’ ends. Mon petit — me l’a dit; a little bird told me so. Se mordre les —s de quelque chose; to repent of a thing. Il est à deux —s de la mort; he is at death’s door. J’en mettrais le — au feu; I would lay my life upon it. Être servi au — et à l’œil; to be served at a nod. On le montre au —; he is pointed at. Vous avez mis le — dessus; you have hit the nail on the head. Un — de vin; a toothful of wine. S’en lécher les —s; to lick one’s lips; to gloat over anything. Il lui obéit au — et à l’œil; he is at his beck and call. Y mettre les quatre —s et le pouce; to eat greedily; to do a thing clumsily. Être comme les deux —s de la main; to be hand and glove together; to be inseparable.

doigter (doa-té), v.a.n., (mus.) to finger.

doigter, n.m., (mus.) fingering.

doigtier (doa-tié), n.m., finger-stall, thumb-stall, thimble.

doit, n.m., (com.) Dr. (debtor). — et avoir; Dr. and Cr.

doitée, n.f., bit of thread.

dol, n.m., (jur.) deceit, fraud.

dolabelle, n.f., small hatchet.

dolabre, n.f., dowel-ax.

dolage, n.m., adzing, planing.

dolce (dol-cé), adv., (mus.) dolce.

doléance, n.f., complaint, lamentation; grievance. Faire, conter, ses —s; to tell one’s griefs, to pour out one’s troubles.

dolemment (do-la-mān), adv., mournfully, wofully, dolefully.

dolent, -e, adj., doleful, woful, piteous, mournful; whining.

doler, v.a., to smooth with the adz; to plane; to pare.

doliman, n.m., dolman.

dollar, n.m., dollar.

dolman, n.m., shell-jacket; hussar’s pelisse.

dolmen, n.m., (—s) dolmen, cromlech.

doloir, n.m., paring-knife, parer.

doloire, n.f., adz; chip-ax.

dolomie or dolomite, n.f., (min.) dolomite.

dom, n.m., dom; don. V. don.

domaine, n.m., domain; estate, demesne, possession, property; department, province, compass, sphere. Le — de la couronne; the crown-lands. Cela n’est point de mon —; that is not in my province. Tomber dans le — du public; to become public property.

domanial, -e, adj., demesnial, domanial.

domanialiser, v.a., to annex to, to include in (a domain).

dôme, n.m., (arch.) dome, cupola; principal church, canopy; round top. — de verdure; verdant arch.

domerie, n.f., an abbey.

domestication, n.f., domestication.

domesticité, n.f., domesticity, the being in service; domestic servants; domesticated state.

domestique, adj., domestic, homely, home-bred; menial; tame; domesticated.

domestique, n.m., servant, domestic; servants, domestics (of a house); household; home. Il a changé tout son —; he has changed all his servants. Il aime son —; he is fond of his home. — de place; guide. — à, or pour tout faire; general servant.

domestique, n.f., woman-servant, maid-servant, servant. — pour tout faire; maid, servant, of all-work.

domestiquement (-tik-mān), adv., servant-like, menially.

domestiquer, v.a., to domesticate, to tame. Se —; to become domesticated.

domicile, n.m., domicile, abode, residence. — politique; political residence. — civil; ordinary residence, dwelling. À —; at one’s own house, or at people’s houses, at home. — légal; settlement, legal settlement. De l’eau à —; water brought to the house. Elire —, or faire élection de —; to choose one’s residence; to settle down.

domiciliaire, adj., domiciliary. Faire une visite — chez quelqu’un; to search anyone’s house.

domicilié, -e, adj., resident, domiciled. Il est —; he is settled, he has taken a house.

se domicilier, v.r., to settle down, to dwell in a place.

dominance, n.f., preponderance, dominance, rule.

dominant, -e, adj., dominant, predominant, reigning, prevalent. Passion —e; ruling passion. Goût —; reigning taste. La religion —e; the established religion.

dominante, n.f., (mus.) dominant. Dans le mode d’ut, sol est la —, et fa la sous-dominante; in the key of C, G is the dominant, F the subdominant.

dominat-eur, -rice, n. and adj., dominator, ruler, tyrant; ruling, governing, dominant, domineering, arrogant.

domination, n.f., domination; dominion, rule, sway.

dominer, v.n., to rule, to bear rule or sway, to have the mastery; to dominate, to preponderate, to prevail; to domineer, to lord it; to rise above; to command a view of, to look over, to tower above; to command; to predominate. Il faut que la raison domine sur les passions; reason must prevail over the passions. Sa tête domine au-dessus de la foule; his head rises above the crowd. Cette tour domine sur tous les environs; that tower overlooks all the surrounding country.

dominer, v.a., to rule, to govern, to sway, to prevail over, to domineer over; to rise above, to command a view of; to command, to keep in subjection. La citadelle domine la ville; the citadel commands the town.

dominicain, n.m., Dominican, Dominican friar.

dominicain, -e, adj., Dominican.

dominicaine, n.f., Dominican nun.

dominical, -e, adj., dominical. Lettre —e; dominical letter. L’oraison —e; the Lord’s prayer.

dominicale, n.f., Sunday sermon.

domino, n.m., domino. En —; in a domino. Jouer aux —s; to play at dominoes. Faire —; to play out, to win.

dominoterie, n.f., stained papers.

dominotier (-tié), n.m., paper-stainer; dealer in stained papers.

dommage, n.m., damage, injury, hurt, detriment, loss; harm. Cela me porte —; that is a loss to me. Faire du —; to do harm. C’est —; it is a pity. —s et intérêts, —s-intérêts; (jur.) damages.

dommageable (-jabl), adj., hurtful, prejudicial, injurious.

domptable (don-tabl), adj., tameable; governable, manageable.

dompter (don-té), v.a., to subdue, to subjugate, to quell, to tame. — ses passions; to overcome one’s passions. — des animaux; to tame animals. — un cheval; to break in a horse.

se dompter, v.r., to quell, to overcome one’s passions.

dompteur (don-teur), n.m., subduer; tamer; breaker in; vanquisher.

dompte-venin, n.m., (—) (bot.) swallow-wort.

don, n.m., gift, donation, present, endowment; knack, talent. Les —s du ciel; the gifts of heaven. —s de la nature; natural endowments. — gratuit; free gift. Le — de la parole; the gift of speech. Il a le — de plaire; he has the knack of pleasing.

don, n.m., don.

dona, n.f., (—s) dona, donna.

donataire, n.m.f., donee.

donat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., donor, giver.

donation, n.f., donation, free gift; deed of gift. —s de la couronne; grants of the crown. Faire — de ses biens; to make over one’s property by deed of gift.

donatisme, n.m., Donatism.

donatiste, n.m., Donatist.

donc, conj., therefore; accordingly, hence; then, consequently; eh, of course, to be sure. Répondez —; answer, I tell you. Qu’ai-je — fait? whatever have I done?

dondon, n.f., (fam., b.s.) plump, jolly, fresh-colored woman or girl.

donjon, n.m., keep, turret, castle-keep; dungeon; pavilion.

donjonné, -e, adj., turreted.

donnant, -e, adj., generous. Il n’est pas —; he is not generous. — donnant; give and take, tit for tat.

donne, n.f., deal (at cards).

donné, -e, part., given.

donnée, n.f.sing., données, n.f.pl., datum, data, principles, facts admitted or known; notion, idea, information; (math.) known quantity, datum; theme of a play, a poem, etc.

donner, v.a., to give, to bestow, to present with, to make a present of; to give away; to cause; to grant, to confer upon; to ascribe; to deal (at cards); to wish (good day, etc.); to devote; (com.) to sell, to let have. — en échange; to give in exchange. — tort à quelqu’un; to blame any one. — sa fille en mariage; to give one’s daughter in marriage. Qui donne tôt, donne deux fois; he gives twice who gives in a trice. — la vie; to grant, to spare life. — le bonjour à quelqu’un; to wish any one good day. — un soufflet à quelqu’un; to box any one’s ears. — rendez-vous; to appoint a place of meeting. — quittance; to give a receipt. — le branle à une affaire; to set an affair going. — le ton; to set the fashion. — la chasse; to pursue. — sa parole; to give one’s word. — du chagrin; to vex. — de la peine; to trouble. — les mains à une chose; to give one’s consent to a thing. — de l’altesse a quelqu’un; to “style” or “dub” any one highness. — une baie; to humbug. — sa voix, son suffrage; to give one’s vote, one’s suffrage. — gain de cause; to decide in favor of. Donnez des sièges; bring chairs. Il en donne à tout le monde; he makes a fool of everybody. Je donne beaucoup au hasard; I attribute a good deal to chance. Donner à boire; to give to drink. Donnez-nous à manger; give us something to eat. — à penser, à réfléchir; to set thinking, to give food for reflection. C’est à vous à —; it is your turn to deal. En — à quelqu’un; to beat, to maul, any one; to cheat any one, to take any one in.

se donner, v.r., to give one’s self; to procure; to take place (of battles); to get; to abandon, to attach, one’s self; to give one’s self out as. Se — à quelqu’un; to abandon, to devote, one’s self to any one. Se — la peine de; to take the trouble to. Se — des airs; to give one’s self airs. Se — de la tête contre les murs; to run one’s head against a stone wall. S’en — à cœur joie; to indulge one’s self to one’s heart’s content; to take one’s fill of anything.

donner, v.n., to give, to give away; to addict one’s self; to give one’s self up; to get into the head (of liquor); to hit, to strike; (milit.) to charge, to be engaged, to attack (of troops); to deal; to yield, to bear, to produce; to look out; to look into, to overlook. — contre un banc de table; to strike on a sand-bank. Mes fenêtres donnent sur la rue; my windows look out into the street. — à penser à quelqu’un; to set any one thinking. — à parler; to furnish matter for talk. — dedans; to fall into a snare. — dans une embuscade; to fall into an ambuscade. — dans le piège, or dans le panneau; to fall into the snare. Le soleil donne dans ma chambre; the sun shines into my room. Ce vin donne dans la tête; that wine gets up into one’s head. Le régiment a donné; the regiment is in action, is under fire.

donneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., giver, donor. Il n’est pas —; he is not fond of giving; he is close-fisted. — d’eau bénite de cour; man of promises only.

don quichotte, n.m., (— —s) Don Quixote, madcap; lanky fellow.

don quichottisme, n.m., (n.p.) quixotism.

dont, pron., whose, whereof, of which, of whom, for whom, etc. Dieu — nous admirons les œuvres; God whose works we admire. Ce — il s’agit; the business in hand. L’affaire — je vous ai parlé; the business I spoke to you about.

donte, n.f., body (of a lute).

donzelle, n.f., damsel, wench.

dorade, n.f., (astron., ich.) dorado, swordfish.

doradille, n.f. V. cétérac.

doré, -e, part., gilt, gilt over, gilded, golden. Langue —e; silver tongue; winning, deceitful tongue. — sur tranche; gilt-edged or with gilt edges.

dorée, n.f., (ich.) doree, John-Dory; slice of bread and jam.

dorénavant, adv., henceforth, hereafter, for the future, from this time forward.

dorer, v.a., to gild, to gild over. — un pâté; to glaze a pie with the yolk of eggs. — la pilule; to gild the pill.

se dorer, v.r., to gild; to assume a golden hue or tinge.

doreu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., gilder.

dorien (-in), n. and adj. m., Dorian; Doric.

dorine, n.f., (bot.) golden saxifrage.

dorique, n.m. and adj., Doric.

doris, n.f., (conch.) doris (a sort of mollusk).

dorloter, v.a., to cocker, to fondle, to pamper; to coddle, to pet, to make much of.

se dorloter, v.r., to coddle one’s self; to indulge one’s self.

dormant, -e, adj., sleeping, dormant, stagnant; (com.) dull; unemployed (of money). Eau —e; stagnant water. Manœuvre —e; (nav.) standing part of a tackle. Châssis —; fixed sash.

dormant, n.m., (tech., carp.) dormant, dormer, sleeper, post, fixed frame; epergne.

dormeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., (pers.) sleeper; sluggard.

dormeuse, n.f., easy traveling carriage; lounging chair.

*dormille, n.f., (ich.) loach.

dormir (dormant, dormi), v.n., to sleep, to be asleep; to be supine; to be still; to be dormant (of money); to be stagnant (of water); to do nothing. — d’un bon sommeil, d’un bon somme; to sleep soundly. — trop longtemps; to oversleep one’s self. — la grasse matinée; to lie late in bed. — tout debout; not to be able to keep one’s eyes open. Qui dort, dîne; sleeping is as good as eating. Il dort comme une marmotte or comme un sabot; he sleeps like a top. Il n’y a point de pire eau que l’eau qui dort; still waters run deep. — sur les deux oreilles; to sleep soundly. Qui a renommée de se lever matin peut — jusqu’à midi; a good reputation covers a multitude of sins. Ce sont des contes à — de bout; they are old wives’ tales (i.e., tedious, nonsensical).

dormir, n.m., sleep.

dormiti-f, -ve, adj., soporific, somniferous. Une potion —ve; a sleeping draught.

dormitif, n.m., dormitive. L’opium est un dangereux —; opium is a dangerous sleeping-draught.

doronic, n.m., (bot.) doronicum, leopard’s-bane.

dorsal, -e, adj., dorsal.

dorsténie, n.f., (bot.) dorstenia, contrayerva.

dortoir, n.m., dormitory.

dorure, n.f., gilding; glazing (of pastry).

dos, n.m., back, rear, top, ridge. Sur le —; upon the back, pickaback. — courbé, voûté; bent back. L’épine du —; the spine, backbone. — d’une montagne; ridge of a mountain. Avoir quelqu’un sur le —; to be saddled with somebody. Tourner le —; to take to flight. Tourner le — à quelqu’un; to turn one’s back on or to forsake any one. Avoir bon —; to have a strong back. Faire le gros —; to set up its back (of a cat); to give one’s self airs. — d’âne; shelving ridge. En — d’âne; with a shelving ridge. Le juge les renvoya — à —; the judge non-suited them both. En avoir plein le —; to be sick and tired of anything. Se mettre le juge à —; to make an enemy of the judge, or to set the judge against one.

dosable, adj., measurable.

dosage, n.m., (chem., pharm.) dosing, proportioning; quantitative analysis.

dose, n.f., dose; quantity, portion.

doser, v.a., to dose, to proportion.

dossier, n.m., back (of a seat); brief (of a barrister); bundle of papers. — d’un lit; headboard of a bed, back-board (of a boat).

dossière, n.f., back-band, ridge-band (of harness); back-plate (of a cuirass).

dot (dot), n.f., marriage portion; dowry. La — d’une religieuse; what a nun pays for being admitted into a nunnery. Coureur de —s; fortune-hunter.

dotal, -e, adj., dotal, concerning dowry.

dotation, n.f., endowment, dotation.

doter, v.a., to endow, to give a portion, to give a dowry. — une église; to endow a church.

douaire, n.m., jointure, dower, marriage-settlement. Il lui a assigné dix mille livres de —; he has settled ten thousand francs upon her.

douairi-er, -ère, adj., dowager.

douairière, n.f., dowager; jointress.

douane, n.f., custom-house, custom-duty, duty. Préposé à la —; custom-house officer. Conseil des —s; board of customs. Droit de —; customs duty.

douaner, v.a., to clear goods at the custom-house; to pass through the custom-house.

douanier, n.m., custom-house officer; tide-waiter.

douani-er, -ère, adj., relating to the custom-house, of customs.

doublage, n.m., lining, plating; (nav.) sheathing. — de cuivre; copper-sheathing; (print.) double.

double, adj., double, duplicate; twofold, twice as much, twice as many; strong (of quality); double, deceitful, arrant; downright, regular. Partie —; (com.) double entry. C’est un — coquin; he is a downright, arrant scoundrel.

double, n.m., double; duplicate, replica; counterpart (of a deed), double-faced; (theat.) substitute, understudy; an old French coin worth two deniers; (mus.) a turn. Plus du —; more than the double. Mettre une chose en —; to double a thing. Jouer quitte ou —; to play double or quits. Parier — contre simple; to bet two to one.

double, adv., double. Voir —; to see double.

doublé, n.m., (billiards) doublet.

doubleau, n.m., (carp.) binding joist. V. arc-doubleau.

à double emploi, adv., for a double purpose.

doublement, n.m., doubling.

doublement, adv., doubly, in a double manner.

doubler, v.a., to double; to line (clothes); (arch.) to fur; (milit., nav., print., theat.) to double; to sheathe (a ship). — le pas; to go faster.

doublet, n.m., (billiards, jewelry, trictrac) doublet; (linguistics) doublets.

doublette, n.f., coupler (of organs).

doubleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., doubler.

doublon, n.m., doubloon, Spanish pistole; (print.) double.

doublure, n.f., lining; (theat.) substitute, understudy.

douce-amère, n.f., (—s-—s) woody nightshade, bitter-sweet.

douceâtre, adj., sweetish.

doucement (doos-mān), adv., slowly, leisurely; gently, softly, tenderly, quietly; blandly; peaceably, calmly, smoothly, placidly; mildly; melodiously; meekly; patiently; comfortably; indifferently, not very well, so so. Aller tout —; to be so so.

doucerette, n.f., bland-looking creature.

doucereu-x, -se, adj., sweetish, mawkish; mealy-mouthed.

doucet, -te, adj., demure, mild, affected. Faire le —; to look demure.

doucette, n.f., (bot.) corn salad, lamb’s lettuce, Venus’s looking-glass.

doucettement (-sèt-mān), adv., (pop.) gently, softly, only so so. Il va tout —; he’s only so so.

douceur, n.f., sweetness; fragrance; softness; mildness; kindness, good-nature; melodiousness, harmony; mellowness; calmness; smoothness; peacefulness; meekness, gentleness; sweet thing; delight, pleasure, comfort; douceur. Employer la —; to use gentle means. Prendre quelqu’un par la —; to treat anyone with kindness. Goûter les —s de la vie; to taste the comforts of life. Les —s de la société; the delights of society. Plus fait — que violence; kindness does more than harshness.

douche, n.f., douche, shower-bath.

doucher, v.a., to give a douche, a shower-bath.

doucine, n.f., (arch.) doucine; (carp.) molding-plane.

doucir, v.a., to polish (looking-glasses).

doucissage, n.m., polishing.

douelle, n.f., (arch.) archivolt, curve; stave (of a cask).

douer, v.a., to endow, to bestow upon, to favor.

*douille, n.f., socket, hose, pipe; case or shell (of cartridges).

*douillet, -te, n. and adj., effeminate, delicate person; soft, downy; nice; tender; effeminate; delicate. C’est un —; he loves to indulge himself.

*douillette, n.f., wadded dress, wadded great coat.

*douillettement (doo-lèt-mān), adv., softly, tenderly, delicately, effeminately.

douleur, n.f., pain; ache; soreness; anguish, pang, grief, sorrow, affliction; woe. — aiguë; acute pain.

☉se douloir, v.r., to grieve, to wail, to lament.

douloureusement (-reûz-mān), adv., grievously.

douloureu-x, -se, adj., painful, tender, smarting, sore; grievous, afflicting, sorrowful; sad. Cri —; mournful cry.

doupion, n.m., double cocoon; coarse, raw silk.

doute, n.m., doubt; scruple, fear, dubiousness; apprehension, misgiving, distrust. Mettre en —; to call in question. Faire naître des —s; to give rise to misgivings. Jeter des —s dans l’esprit; to fill the mind with distrust. Sans —; without doubt, no doubt, doubtless, unquestionably, to be sure. Sans — que; no doubt that. Cela ne fait aucun —; there is no doubt about it.

douter, v.a., to doubt, to question, to hesitate, to suspect, to scruple. Il doute de tout; he doubts everything. Je doute que cela soit; I doubt whether it be so. Je doute qu’il veuille le faire; I doubt whether he will do it. Je ne doute pas qu’il ne le fasse; I do not doubt but that he will do it. Ne — de rien; to be over confident, credulous.

se douter, v.r., to suspect, to surmise, to conjecture; to distrust, to mistrust, to fear. Je m’en doutais bien; I thought as much. Je me doutais qu’il viendrait; I suspected he would come. Pouvais-je me — qu’il dût venir sitôt? could I imagine that he was to come so soon? Ne se — de rien; to suspect nothing; to be unconscious of what is going on.

douteur (doo-), n.m., doubter.

douteusement (doo-teûz-mān), adv., doubtfully.

douteu-x, -se, adj., doubtful, dubious, ambiguous, questionable. D’une manière —se; doubtfully. Il est — qu’il le fasse; it is doubtful whether he will do it.

douvain, n.m., stave-wood.

douve, n.f., stave; trench, moat; salt-marsh; (bot.) spearwort.

dou-x, -ce, adj., sweet; soft, smooth; easy; gentle, mild; fragrant, agreeable, comfortable, charming, pleasant; harmonious; peaceful, calm; unfermented; fresh (of water); mellow. Eau —ce; fresh water, soft water. Poisson d’eau —ce; fresh-water fish. Senteur —ce; sweet smell. Une taille douce; a copper-plate. Un billet —; a love-letter. Faire les yeux —; to cast amorous glances. Il fait bien —; the weather is very mild. —ce rêverie; sweet musing. Mener une vie —ce; to lead an easy, agreeable life. Un — sourire; a gracious smile. Il est — comme un agneau; he is as gentle as a lamb.

doux, adv., gently; submissively. Filer —; to knuckle under; to eat humble pie. Tout —; softly, gently.

douzaine, n.f., dozen. Une demi —; half a dozen. À la —, Par —; by the dozen. C’est un poète à la —; he is a sorry poet, a rhyming hack.

douze, adj., twelve, twelfth. Les — signes du zodiaque; the twelve signs of the zodiac. Charles —; Charles the twelfth. C’est le — aujourd’hui; to-day is the twelfth.

douze, n.m., twelve, twelfth. Le — du mois; the twelfth instant. Un in-—; a duodecimo.

douzième, n.m. and adj., twelfth.

douzièmement, adv., twelfthly, in the twelfth place.

*douzil, n.m., spigot, peg.

doxologie, n.f., doxology.

doyen, n.m., dean; senior, oldest member.

doyenné (doa-ié-né), n.m., deanship, deanery; dean’s-pear.

drachme (drakm), n.f., drachma; dram.

dracocéphale, n.m., (bot.) dragon’s-head.

draconien, -ne (-in, è-n), adj., draconian.

draconte, n.m., (bot.) dragon’s-wort.

dragage, n.m., dragging (of a river).

dragée, n.f., comfit, sugar-plum, sugar-almond; small shot. —s lissées; plain sugar-plums. Grosse —; buck-shot. Avaler la —; to swallow the pill. Tenir la — haute à quelqu’un; to keep in suspense; to make a person pay dearly for.

drageoir (dra-jo-ar), n.m., comfit-dish.

drageon (-jon), n.m., (bot.) shoot, sucker.

drageonner (-jo-né), v.n., to put forth shoots or suckers.

dragme. V. drachme.

dragoman. V. drogman.

dragon, n.m., dragon; vixen; (astron., erpetology) Draco. — ailé; flying dragon. Sa femme est un vrai —; his wife is a regular termagant or virago. — de vertu; great prude.

dragon, n.m., dragoon.

dragonnade, n.f., dragonnade.

dragonne, n.f., sword-knot; violent woman. À la —; cavalierly, unceremoniously; with a high hand.

dragonner, v.a., (l.u.) to dragoon; to worry.

se dragonner, v.r., (l.u.) to worry oneself.

dragonnier, n.m., dragon-tree.

draguage (-gaj), n.m. V. dragage.

drague (drag), n.f., dredge, dredger; dredging-machine, dredge-net; grains (of malt).

draguer (-ghé), v.a., to drag, to dredge. — une ancre; to sweep the bottom for a lost anchor.

draguette (-ghèt), n.f., small dredge or drag-net.

dragueur (-gheur), n.m., dredger.

drain, n.m., drain, draining-pipe.

drainage, n.m., drainage.

draine, n.f., (orni.) missel, missel-thrush.

drainer, v.a., to drain.

dramatique, adj., dramatic.

dramatique, n.m., drama, dramatic style.

dramatiser, v.a., to dramatize.

dramatiste, n.m.f., (l.u.) dramatist.

dramaturge, n.m.f., dramatist. [Often used ironically.]

drame, n.m., drama.

drap (dra), n.m., cloth, sheet, pall. — fin; superfine cloth, broadcloth. Gros —; coarse cloth. Être dans de beaux —s; to be in a fine mess or pickle. — mortuaire; pall. Tailler en plein —; to have abundance of means at command. Il voudrait avoir le — et l’argent; he would like to have his cake and eat it.

drapé, -e, part., covered, clothed; hung with black; (bot.) thick, close; woolen. — à l’antique; clothed after the antique.

drapeau, n.m., flag, standard, ensign, streamer, colors; rag. Se ranger sous les —x de; to serve under, to espouse the cause of. Sous les —x; serving in the army.

draper, v.a., to cover with cloth; to hang (a carriage) with black; to arrange, to ornament with drapery; (paint., sculpt.) to give drapery to; (fig.) to censure, to reflect on.

se draper, v.r., to wrap one’s self up; (fig.) to make a show of; to parade; to assume an air of importance.

draperie (drap-rî), n.f., drapery, woolen cloths; cloth-trade, cloth-making.

drapi-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., draper, woolen-draper, clothier.

drapière, n.f., packing-pin or skewer.

drastique, n.m. and adj., (med.) drastic.

drave, n.f., (bot.) whitlow-grass.

drawback, n.m., (—s) drawback.

drayage, n.m., fleshing (of hides).

drayer, v.a., to flesh (hides).

drayoire, n.f., fleshing-knife.

drayure, n.f., fleshings (of hides).

drêche, n.f., malt; malt-grains. Four à —; malt-kiln. Faiseur de —; maltster.

drelin, n.m., (onomatopœia) tinkling, jingling.

dressage, n.m., training (of horses).

dresse, n.f., underlay (of shoes).

dresser, v.a., to erect, to straighten, to make straight; to raise, to set up; to hold upright; to spread; to lay (a snare); to pitch (camp); to trim (a boat); to lay out, to arrange; to make out (accounts); to draw up (a report); to prick up (the ears); to train (animals). — la tête; to raise the head. Cheval qui dresse les oreilles; a horse that pricks up his ears. — des statues; to erect statues. — un lit; to put up a bed. — une tente; to pitch, to set up, a tent. — un buffet; to lay out a sideboard. — un piège; to lay a trap. — un plan; to draw up a plan. — des arbres; to dress trees. — un cheval; to train a horse. — quelqu’un; to form anyone. Dresse la chaloupe! trim the boat! — la barre du gouvernail; to right the helm.

se dresser, v.r., to stand on end (of the hair); to stand erect; to rear; to form oneself; to be trained.

dresser, v.n., to stand on end. Les cheveux lui dressèrent sur la tête; his hair stood on end.

dressoir, n.m., dresser; sideboard.

*drille, n.m., ☉soldier; fellow. Un bon —; a jolly fellow. Un pauvre —; a poor wretch.

*drilles, n.f.pl., rags; oakum (for paper).

drisse, n.f., (nav.) halyard; yard-rope; gear.

drogman, n.m., dragoman.

drogue (drog), n.f., drug; rubbish; stuff; drogue (a card game). N’être que de la —; to be nothing but trash, rubbish.

droguer (-ghé), v.a., to drug, to physic, to doctor.

se droguer, v.r., to physic, or doctor, oneself.

droguer, v.n., to play at drogue; (pop.) to dance attendance.

droguerie (dro-grî), n.f., drugs, drug-trade.

droguet (-ghè), n.m., drugget.

droguetier (-ghĕ-tié), n.m., drugget-weaver.

droguier (-ghié), n.m., medicine-chest.

droguiste (-ghist), n.m.f., druggist.

droit, -e, adj., straight, right, plumb; direct; upright, erect; just, righteous; stand-up (collars). Ligne —e; straight line. En —e ligne; in a straight line. Remettre quelqu’un dans le — chemin; to put any one in the right way again. Tenir la tête —e; to hold one’s head upright, erect. Il est — comme un cierge; he is as straight as an arrow. Le côté —; the right-hand side. Un col —; a stand-up collar.

droit, n.m., right; equity; law; authority; claim, title; fee; due (tax); duty, custom-duty. Les —s de l’hospitalité; the rights of hospitality. Jouir de ses —s; to enjoy one’s rights. Faire — à chacun; to do every one justice. Le — des gens; the law of nations. Renoncer à ses —s; to give up one’s right. Faire — à la demande de quelqu’un; to accede to any one’s request. Faire son —; to study for the law. — d’aînesse; birthright, primogenitureship. — de péage; toll. À bon —; with good reason. Donner — à; to entitle. Y avoir —; to have a right to.

droit, adv., straight, straight on, directly; honestly, uprightly. À tort ou à —; right or wrong. À qui de —; whom it may concern. Allez tout —; go straight on. Aller — au but; to go straight to the mark. — comme ça; (nav.) right on.

droite, n.f., right hand, right; right side; right-hand side. À —; on the right. Prendre la —; to turn to the right. Tourner à —; to turn to the right.

droitement (droat-mān), adv., uprightly, sincerely; rightly, straightforwardly, judiciously.

droiti-er, -ère (-tié, -tiè-r), adj., right-handed.

droiture, n.f., uprightness, integrity, equity, honesty, rectitude. En —; directly, in a direct manner.

drolatique, adj., amusing, laughable, pleasant, comical, facetious; broad, licentious.

drôle, adj., droll, jocose, ludicrous; comical, strange, funny, curious, odd, queer. Un — de corps; a queer fellow, an odd fish.

drôle, n.m., rogue; rascal, blackguard; scoundrel; sharp fellow.

drôlement (drôl-mān), adv., comically, facetiously, jocosely.

drôlerie (drôl-rî), n.f., drollery, droll thing.

drôlesse, n.f., wench, jade; hussy.

dromadaire, n.m., dromedary.

drome, n.f., float, raft.

dronte, n.m., (orni.) dodo.

drosère, n.f., (bot.) sundew.

drosse, n.f., (nav.) truss, rope.

drosser, v.n., to drive or drift ashore; to drift.

drouine, n.f., tinker’s sack.

drouineur or drouinier, n.m., tinker.

droussage, n.m., carding and oiling (wool).

drousser, v.a., to card and oil (wool).

droussette, n.f., large card for wool.

drousseur, n.m., carder, wool-comber.

dru, -e, adj., fledged (of birds); brisk, lively, smart; close-planted, thick-set.

dru, adv., thick, thickly, fast, hard. Les balles tombaient — comme grêle or comme mouches; the bullets fell as thick as hail.

druide, n.m., druid.

druidesse, n.f., druidess.

druidique, adj., druidical.

druidisme, n.m., druidism.

drupacé, -e, adj., (bot.) drupaceous.

drupe, n.m., (bot.) drupe.

dryade, n.f., Dryad; (bot.) dryas.

du, art.m., (contraction of de le) of the, from the, by the; some, any.

dû, n.m., due, what is owed, what is owing; duty. À chacun son —; give the devil his due.

dû, due, part. (of devoir), due, owed. J’aurais — faire cela; I ought to have done that.

dualisme, n.m., dualism.

dualiste, n.m.f., dualist, manichean.

dualité, n.f., duality.

dubitati-f, -ve, adj., dubitative.

dubitation, n.f., dubitation, doubt.

duc, n.m., duke; (orni.) horn-owl. Grand-—, (—s-—s) grand-duke; great horn-owl.

ducal, -e, adj., ducal. Grand-—, (—-ducaux) grand-ducal.

ducat, n.m., ducat.

ducaton, n.m., ducatoon.

duché, n.m., dukedom, duchy.

duchesse, n.f., duchess; a kind of sofa; a kind of pear. Lit à la —; four-post bedstead.

ducroire, n.m., (com.) del credere.

ductile, adj., ductile.

ductilité, n.f., ductility.

dudit, adj.m., of or from the said.

*duègne, n.f., duenna.

duel, n.m., duel; struggle; (gram.) dual number. Appeler en —; to challenge.

duelliste, n.m., duelist.

☉duire, v.n., to suit, to fit.

duite, n.f., wool of cloth, weft, woof.

dulcification, n.f., dulcification.

dulcifier, v.a., to dulcify.

dulcinée, n.f., dulcinea, sweetheart.

dulie, n.f., dulia (worship of saints).

dûment, adv., duly.

dune, n.f., down; sand-drift, sand-hill.

dunette, n.f., (nav.) poop.

dunkerque, n.m., whatnot, cabinet.

duo, n.m., (—s) (mus.) duo, duet, duetto.

duodécimal, -e, adj., duodecimal.

duodénal, -e, adj., duodenal.

duodénum (-nom), n.m., (anat.) duodenum.

duodi, n.m., duodi (second day of the decade in the calendar of the first French Republic).

dupe, n.f., dupe; gull.

duper, v.a., to dupe, to deceive, to gull, to take in.

duperie (du-prî), n.f., dupery, trickery; trick, take-in, sell.

dupeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., cheat, trickster.

duplicata, n.m., (—) duplicate.

duplication, n.f., duplication.

duplicature, n.f., (anat.) duplicature.

duplicité, n.f., duplicity; double-dealing, deceit.

☉duplique, n.f., (jur.) rejoinder, rebutter.

☉dupliquer, v.n., (jur.) to rejoin, to put in a rejoinder.

duquel, pron., of which, from which. V. lequel and dont.

dur, -e, adj., hard; tough; obdurate, harsh, merciless, unkind, unfeeling, hard-hearted. Il a les traits —s; his features are hard. Le regard —; a harsh look. Des vers —s; harsh verses. Un esprit —; a dull understanding. Marchandise —e à la vente; goods of slow sale. Avoir l’oreille —e; to be dull of hearing. Le temps est —; the weather is severe. Tableau —; stiff painting; harsh painting.

dur, adv., hardly; firmly. Il entend —; he is hard of hearing.

durabilité, n.f., durableness.

durable, adj., durable, lasting, solid.

durablement, adv., durably, lastingly.

duracine, n.f., sort of peach; duracine.

durant, prep., during. — sa vie, sa vie —e or durant (Littré); during his lifetime.

dur-bec, n.m., (—s-—s) (orni.) hawfinch.

durcir, v.a., to harden, to make hard, to make tough; to indurate.

se durcir, v.r., to harden, to indurate, to grow hard.

durcir, v.n., to harden, to become hard; to stiffen; to indurate.

durcissement (-sis-mān), n.m., hardening, stiffening; induration.

dure, n.f., bare ground; bare floor, bare board. Coucher sur la —; to sleep on the ground, on the bare floor.

durée, n.f., duration, continuance. Être de longue —e; to be durable.

durement (dur-mān), adv., hard; hardly, harshly, sharply, roughly, rigorously.

dure-mère, n.f., (n.p.) (anat.) dura mater.

durer, v.n., to last, to continue; to remain; to endure; to stand, to subsist. Une étoffe qui dure; a stuff that wears well. Le temps lui dure; time hangs heavy upon him. Ne pouvoir — en place; to be unable to sit still. Faire vie qui dure; to take care of one’s money, to think of the morrow. Ne pouvoir — dans sa peau; to be ready to jump out of one’s skin.

duret, -te, adj., (l.u.) somewhat hard, rather tough, toughish.

dureté (dur-té), n.f., hardness, toughness; harshness, austerity, unkindness; stiffness. La — du fer; the hardness of iron. Avoir une — d’oreille; to be hard of hearing. La — de son regard; the sternness of his look. — de cœur; hard-heartedness.

duretés, n.f.pl., harsh, offensive words.

*durillon, n.m., callosity, hard skin; corn.

☉durillonner, v.n., to become hard.

se durillonner, v.r., to become covered with warts, callosities.

duriuscule, adj., (jest.) somewhat hard, tough, hardish.

duumvir (du-om-), n.m., duumvir.

duumvirat, n.m., duumvirate.

duvet, n.m., down; wool, nap.

duveté, -e (duv-té), adj., (of birds) downy.

duveteu-x, -se, adj., (of fruit) downy.

dynamètre, n.m., dynameter.

dynamique, n.f., dynamics.

dynamique, adj., dynamical.

dynamisme, n.m., name given to the doctrine of Newton.

dynamite, n.f., dynamite.

dynamomètre, n.m., dynamometer.

dynaste, n.m., (antiq.) kinglet.

dynastie, n.f., dynasty.

dynastique, adj., dynastic.

dyscole, adj., (l.u.) who departs from an established opinion; difficult to live with.

dyscrasie, n.f., (med.) dyscrasy.

dysenterie (dis-sant-ri), n.f., dysentery.

dysentérique, adj., dysenteric.

dysopie, n.f., (med.) dysopsy, dysopsia.

dysorexie, n.f., dysorexy.

dyspepsie, n.f., dyspepsia.

dysphagie, n.f., dysphagia.

dysphonie, n.f., dysphony.

dysphorie, n.f., dysphoria.

dyspnée, n.f., dyspnœa.

dysurie, n.f., dysury.

dytique, n.m., (ornith.) diver; water-beetle.