Heath's French and English dictionary

by Jean Louis de Lolme

E

e, n.m., the fifth letter of the alphabet, e.

e, abbreviation of Eminence, Excellence.

eau, n.f., water; rain, stream, river, pond, flood; perspiration; tea (of herbs); liquid; wash. pl., (nav.) track, wake; luster, gloss; watering-place. — bénite; holy water. — douce; fresh water, soft water. — dure; hard water. — de mer; sea-water. — saumâtre; brackish water. — mère; mother-water (chem.). — de source; spring-water. — courante; running water. — morte; still water. — panée; toast and water. Morte-—, (n.p.) neap-tide. —-forte, (n.p.) aqua fortis. Grandes —x; high flood (of rivers). Grandes —x de Versailles; fountains in full play. Cure d’—x; water cure. Hautes —x; high water. — bénite de cour; empty promises, blarney, soft sawder. — dormante; stagnant water. Aller aux —x; to go to a watering-place. Porter de l’— à la mer; to carry coals to Newcastle. Ils se ressemblent comme deux gouttes d’—; they are as like as two peas. Il n’est pire — que celle qui dort; still waters run deep. Cela s’en est allé en — de boudin; that came to nothing at all. Aller à l’—; to take the water (of a dog). Un jet d’—; a water-spout, fountain. Une pièce d’—, une nappe d’—; a sheet of water; an artificial lake. —x jaillissantes; gushing waters. Passer l’—; to cross the water. Au bord de l’—; at the water’s edge. Nager entre deux —x; to swim under water; to waver between two parties. À fleur d’—; on a level with the water. Faire venir l’— au moulin; to bring grist to the mill. Mettre de l’— dans son vin; to come down a peg or two. Pêcher en — trouble; to fish in troubled water. Cela fait venir l’— à la bouche; that makes one’s mouth water. Lancer un navire à l’—; to launch a ship. Faire de l’—; (nav.) to water, to take in fresh water. Faire une voie d’—; to spring a leak. —-de-vie, (—x-—) brandy. — de rose; rose-water. — d’arquebusade; arquebusade water. Il tombe de l’—; it is raining. Il est tout en —; he is in a bath of perspiration. Suer sang et —; to toil and moil. Donner — à un drap; to give a gloss to a piece of cloth. Maître des —x et forêts; ranger of the woods and forests. —x-fortes; etchings, collection of etchings. L’— va toujours au moulin; money begets money. Tout va à vau l’—; all is going to wreck and ruin. Les —x sont basses chez lui; he is hard up. Une goutte d’— suffit pour faire déborder un vase plein; the last straw breaks the camel’s back. D’ici là il passera bien de l’— sous le pont; it will be a long time before that happens.

ébahi, -e, adj., wondering, aghast, dumfounded.

s’ébahir, v.r., to wonder at, to be amazed, to be aghast.

ébahissement (-is-mān), n.m., wonderment, amazement, astonishment.

ébarbage, n.m., (arts) paring, paring away; (engr.) edging off; scraping.

ébarber, v.a., to pare, to strip (quills); (engr.) to edge off, to scrape; to edge a dish off.

ébarboir, n.m., (arts) parer, scraper.

ébat, n.m., (fam.) diversion, pastime, sport, gambol, frolic. Prendre ses —s; to disport oneself.

ébattement (é-bat-mān), n.m., balancing (of a vehicle); (jest.) diversion, pastime, sport, gambol.

s’ébattre, v.r., to sport, to take one’s pleasure, to gambol, to frolic.

ébaubi, -e, adj., (fam., jest.) amazed, astonished, dumfounded.

ébauchage, n.m., sketching.

ébauche, n.f., sketch, rough draught, drawing, outline.

ébaucher, v.a., to make the first draught, to draw an outline of, to sketch, to rough-hew; to delineate; (mas.) to boast.

ébaucheur, adj., (tech.) roughing.

ébauchoir, n.m., (sculp.) boasting-tool; mortise chisel.

☉s’ébaudir, v.r., (jest.) to frolic, to frisk, to skip about.

☉ébaudissement, n.m., frolicking.

ebbe or èbe, n.m., (nav.) ebb, reflux, low water.

ébène, n.f., ebony, ebony work. Des cheveux d’—; raven locks.

ébéner, v.a., to ebonize.

ébénier, n.m., ebony-tree. Faux —; laburnum.

ébéniste, n.m., cabinet-maker.

ébénisterie, n.f., cabinet-work.

☉éberner, v.a., V. ébrener.

éblouir, v.a., to dazzle; to fascinate. Le soleil nous éblouit; the sun dazzles us. S’—; to be dazzled, fascinated.

éblouissant, -e, adj., dazzling, resplendent.

éblouissement (-is-mān), n.m., dazzling; (fig.) dizziness; fascination, charm.

éborgnage, n.m., nipping off of buds.

*éborgner, v.a., to blind of one eye, to put out an eye; to nip the buds off.

s’éborgner, v.r., to make oneself blind of one eye.

ébouage, n.m., scavenging.

ébouer, v.a., to scavenge.

éboueur, n.m., road-scraper, scavenger.

ébouillanter, v.a., to scald.

*ébouillir, v.n., to boil down, to boil away. Cette sauce est trop ébouillie; that sauce has boiled away too much.

éboulement (é-bool-mān), n.m., falling in, falling down, landslip, sinking. — de terre; landslip.

ébouler, v.n., to fall in, to fall down, to sink.

s’ébouler, v.r., to fall in, to fall down, to sink. Ce rempart s’éboule; the rampart is falling in.

éboulis, n.m., rubbish, fallen ground.

ébourgeonnement (-jo-n-mān), n.m., (hort.) nipping of the buds, disbudding.

ébourgeonner (-jo-né), v.a., (hort.) to nip off the buds.

ébourgeonnoir, n.m., nipping-knife.

ébouriffé, -e, adj., disordered, ruffled, in disorder; in a flutter. Elle arriva tout —e; she came in with her hair all ruffled. Qu’avez-vous donc? vous voilà tout —; what is the matter with you? you are all of a flutter.

ébousiner, v.a., (mas.) to clean off.

ébraisoir, n.m., furnace-shovel.

ébranché, -e, adj., lopped, trimmed, pruned.

ébranchement (é-bransh-mān), n.m., (hort.) pruning, lopping, trimming.

ébrancher, v.a., (hort.) to prune, to lop, to trim.

ébranlement (é-branl-mān), n.m., shock, concussion, shaking; perturbation, disturbance, trouble.

ébranler, v.a., to shake, to move; to disturb. Les vents ont ébranlé cette maison; the winds have shaken that house. — la résolution de quelqu’un; to shake any one’s resolution. Sa fidélité ne fut jamais ébranlée; his fidelity was never shaken.

s’ébranler, v.r., to shake, to be shaken, to be disturbed; (milit.) to move, to get under way, to be set in motion. Quand les deux armées s’ébranlèrent; when the two armies moved forward. La voiture s’ébranla; the coach got under way.

ébrasement (é-brâz-mān), n.m., (arch.) splaying.

ébraser, v.a., (arch.) to splay.

ébrèchement, n.m., notching.

ébrécher, v.a., to notch, to jag, to indent, to impair. Ses folles dépenses ont ébréché sa fortune; his extravagant living has made a gap in his fortune.

s’ébrécher, v.r., to be notched, to break off a piece (of one’s tooth).

ébrener, v.a., (l.ex.) to clean (a child).

ébriété, n.f., ebriety, inebriety.

☉*ébrillade, n.f., (man.) jerk (with the bridle).

ébrouement, n.m., sneezing, snorting.

ébrouer, v.a., (dy.) to wash; to shell or husk.

s’ébrouer, v.r., (man.) to snort; to sneeze.

ébruiter, v.a., to make known, to spread about.

s’ébruiter, v.r., to be made known, to be noised abroad.

ébrun, n.m., horned rye.

ébuard, n.m., wooden wedge.

ébullition, n.f., boiling, ebullition.

écachement, n.m., bruising, crushing.

écacher, v.a., to crush, to squash, to squeeze flat. Nez écaché; flat nose.

*écaille, n.f., scale; shell; chipping (porcelain). Des —s d’huître; oyster-shells. Peigne d’—; tortoise-shell comb.

écaillé, -e, adj., scaly.

*écaill-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., oyster-man, oyster-woman.

*écailler, v.a., to scale.

s’écailler, v.r., to peel off, to scale, to scale off; to chip off.

*écailleu-x, -se, adj., scaly, squamous.

écale, n.f., shell (of peas); hull, husk (of nuts). — de noix; walnut-shell.

écaler, v.a., to shell (beans, peas); to hull, to husk (almonds, nuts).

s’écaler, v.r., to shell, to be shelled.

*écarbouiller, v.a., (pop.) to crush, to squash.

écarlate, n.f. and adj., scarlet.

écarlatine. V. scarlatine.

*écarquillement (-mān), n.m., (fam.) opening wide, spreading out (of one’s eyes, legs).

*écarquiller, v.a., (fam.) to open, to spread out, to open wide. — les jambes; to spread out one’s legs. — les yeux; to open wide, to strain one’s eyes.

écart, n.m., step aside, digression, swerving, error; mistake, fault, deviation; (man.) strain; (at écarté) cards rejected. Il fit un — pour éviter le coup; he stepped aside to avoid the blow. Faire un —; to step aside. Faire un — dans un discours; to make a digression in a speech. Les —s de l’imagination; the flights of the imagination. Ce cheval s’est donné un —; that horse has strained itself. Les —s de la jeunesse; the errors of youth. Faire son —; to discard. A l’—; aside, apart, by one’s self, in solitude, in a lonely place. Mettre à l’—; to put by, to lay aside. Il le prit à l’—; he took him aside. Se mettre, se tenir, à l’—; to keep aloof, to stand aside. Laisser à l’—; to leave aside, to shun, to omit.

écarté, n.m., écarté (cards).

écarté, part., remote, lonely, secluded.

écartelé, -e, adj., quartered, torn to pieces; (her.) quartered.

écartèlement, n.m., tearing to pieces, quartering.

écarteler, v.a., to quarter, to tear to pieces; (her.) to quarter.

écartelure, n.f., (her.) quartering.

écartement, n.m., putting aside; removal, scattering, spreading; separation; (surg.) diastasis.

écarter, v.a.n., to set aside, to remove; to waive; to pass over; to dispel; to widen; to divert; to keep from; to disperse, to scatter, to avert; to discard. — une mauvaise pensée; to dismiss an evil thought. — un coup; to ward off a blow.

s’écarter, v.r., to turn aside; to deviate; to err, to stray; to ramble; to swerve; to remove, to make way. S’— de son sujet; to stray from one’s subject. S’— de son chemin; to go out of one’s way. S’— de son devoir; to swerve from one’s duty. La foule s’écarta; the crowd made way.

*écartillement, n.m. V. écarquillement.

*écartiller, v.a. V. écarquiller.

ecce homo (èk-sé-), n.m., (—) ecce homo; (fig.) thin, pale person.

ecchymose (é-ki-), n.f., (med.) ecchymosis.

ecchymosé (é-ki-), adj., being in a state of ecchymosis, bruised.

ecclésiaste, n.m., Ecclesiastes.

ecclésiastique, adj., ecclesiastic, clerical.

ecclésiastique, n.m., clergyman, priest, ecclesiastic.

ecclésiastiquement (-tik-mān), adv., ecclesiastically.

écervelé, -e, adj., hare-brained, mad-brained, rash, giddy. Une tête —e; a mad-cap.

écervelé, n.m., -e, n.f., mad-cap; hare-brained person. C’est un —; he is not to be relied upon.

échafaud, n.m., scaffold; (arch.) stage; stand, gallows. — de service; temporary stage.

échafaudage, n.m., scaffolding, great preparations; display.

échafauder, v.n., to scaffold, to erect scaffolding; to pile up; to shore up.

échafauder, v.a., to make great preparations for a work; ☉to pillory.

s’échafauder, v.r., to be piled up; to be shored up; (fig.) to raise one’s self, to support one’s self, to find supporters.

échalas, n.m., prop for a vine; vine-stick; hop-pole. C’est un —; he is as thin as a lath.

échalassement, n.m., (hort.) propping.

échalasser, v.a., to prop vines, etc.

échalier, n.m., fence, hurdle, stile.

échalote, n.f., shallot, eschalot.

échampir, v.a., (house paint) to set off. V. réchampir.

échancré, -e, part., hollowed out, indented; (bot.) emarginated; sloped.

échancrer, v.a., to slope, to hollow out, to indent.

échancrure, n.f., hollowing, sloping, slope, indentation; cut, opening.

échange, n.m., exchange, barter. Un — de compliments; an exchange of compliments. Libre —; free-trade.

échangeable (-jabl), adj., exchangeable.

échanger, v.a., to exchange, to barter, to interchange. — une propriété contre une autre; to exchange one property for another.

échangiste (libre), n.m., free-trader.

échanson, n.m., cup-bearer.

échansonnerie (-so-n-rî), n.f., cup-bearers of a prince; a king’s wine-cellars.

*échantillon, n.m., sample, pattern, specimen; tally; (nav.) scantling; (tech.) gauge.

*échantillonnage, n.m., sampling; gauging.

*échantillonner, v.a., to sample, to gauge.

échanvrer, v.a., to hatchel.

échanvroir, n.m., hackle.

échappade, n.f., (engr.) slip, escapade.

échappatoire, n.f., shift, subterfuge, creep-hole, put-off, evasion.

échappé, n.m., -e, n.f., a person who has made his or her escape, a runaway; a horse of mongrel or cross breed. Un — de galères; an escaped convict. Un — des petites-maisons; a madman, a crack-brained fellow.

échappée, n.f., prank; sally, snatch; (arch.) rounding off; space for carriages to turn in. Faire quelque chose par —s; to do a thing by snatches, by fits and starts. — de vue; vista. — de lumière; (paint.) accidental light. À l’—; by stealth.

échappement, n.m., (horl.) escape, escapement. — à recul; recoil-escapement. — à repos; dead-beat escapement. — à ancre; anchor or lever escapement. — de la vapeur; (mec.) puff.

échapper, v.n., to escape, to make one’s escape, to get away, to get out of, to avoid, to shun, to fly, to break out. Laisser —; to overlook, to pass over, to let pass. Faire — un prisonnier; to favor a prisoner’s escape. — au naufrage; to escape shipwreck. — du naufrage; to escape from the wreck. Cela m’est échappé; that has slipped my memory. Cela m’a échappé; it escaped me (i.e. I did not know of it), or I said it inadvertently. Laisser — l’occasion; to let slip an opportunity. Laisser — un mot; to drop a word. [When échapper means to avoid, to be preserved, it requires the preposition à: On échappe à l’orage. When it means to steal away, to leave a place, it requires the preposition de: On échappe de prison.]

échapper, v.a., to escape, to avoid; (man.) to put to the greatest speed. L’— belle; to have a narrow escape. — le danger; to avoid danger. — la côte; to escape stranding.

s’échapper, v.r., to get loose, to get away, to escape, to steal away, to slip out; to vanish, to disappear; to forget one’s self. Il s’est échappé jusqu’à dire; he forgot himself so far as to say.

écharbot, n.m., (bot.) water-chestnut, water-caltrop.

écharde, n.f., prick, prickle (of a thistle); splinter; (piscat.) stickleback.

échardonnage, n.m., clearing of thistles.

échardonner, v.a., to clear of thistles.

échardonnoir, n.m., weed-hook.

écharner, v.a., to excarnate; to flesh.

écharnoir, n.m., fleshing-knife.

écharnure, n.f., scrapings or parings of hides.

écharpe, n.f., scarf; sash; arm-sling; (nav.) shell of a pulley or block; (engineering) surface-table; water-table; (her.) scarp. Changer d’—; to be a turncoat, to change sides, to rat. Avoir le bras en —; to have one’s arm in a sling. Le canon tire en —; the cannon fires slanting. Coup d’épée en —; slanting cut. Avoir l’esprit en —; to be heedless, absent, inattentive. En —; over the shoulder.

écharper, v.a., to slash, to cut; to cut to pieces, to hack. Il lui a écharpé le visage; he gave him a slash across the face. — un régiment; to cut a regiment to pieces.

échars, -e, adj., (coins) light; below the legal standard. Vents —; (nav.) shifting winds, light and variable winds.

écharser, v.n., (nav.) to veer, to shift about, to change often. ☉v.a., to lower the standard of coins.

échasse, n.f., (orni.) stilt-bird. — à manteau noir; long-legged plover.

échasse, n.f., stilt; tressel, trussel (of stages); upher. — d’échafaud; upher, scaffolding-pole. Il est toujours monté sur des —s; he is always on stilts, in buckram.

échassier, n.m., (orni.) long-legged wading bird; —s, grallae.

échauboulé, -e, adj., (med.) full of pimples.

échauboulure, n.f., (med.) pimple, blotch, rash, pustule.

échaudage, n.m., lime-wash; lime-washing.

échaudé, n.m., simnel, cracknel. — au beurre; simnel with butter.

échaudé, -e, part., scalded. Chat — craint l’eau froide; a burnt child dreads the fire.

échauder, v.a., to scald.

s’échauder, v.r., to burn one’s self; to burn one’s fingers. Il s’y est échaudé; he burnt his fingers in that business.

échaudis, n.m., (nav.) triangular shape.

échaudoir, n.m., scalding-house; scalding-tub.

échauffaison, n.f., (med.) overheating, eruption, rash.

échauffant, -e, adj., heating, binding.

échauffe, n.f., heap. Mettre les peaux en —; to heap the hides.

échauffé, n.m., odor (caused by excessive heat). Sentir l’—; to have or exhale a hot smell.

échauffée, n.f., first operation of salt-makers in warming their oven.

échauffement (é-shôf-mān), n.m., heating; over-excitement.

échauffer, v.a., to warm, to beat, to overheat; to excite, to inflame, to irritate, to anger; to vex. Échauffez la chambre; warm the room. Les épices échauffent le sang; spices heat the blood. Cela lui échauffe la bile; that provokes him.

s’échauffer, v.r., to grow warm, to overheat one’s self; to grow angry, to fly into a passion, to chafe, to fume. La chambre s’échauffe; the room is getting warm. Il s’est échauffé à marcher; walking has made him warm. La querelle s’échauffe; the quarrel is running high. Le jeu s’échauffe; they are playing deep. S’— sur la voie; (hunt.) to follow the chase eagerly.

échauffourée, n.f., a rash, headlong, or blundering enterprise; skirmish, affray; blunder.

échauffure, n.f., red pimple, rash.

échauguette (-ghèt), n.f., (milit.) watch-box, watch-tower.

échauler, v.a. V. chauler.

échaux, n.m.pl., channels, furrows, water-course, drains.

échéable, adj., falling due, payable.

échéance, n.f., falling due, expiration, maturity. — commune; average maturity. — prochaine; nearly due. À courte —; at a short date, short-dated. À longue —; at a long date; long-dated. Jusqu’à l’—; until maturity, till due. Payer une lettre de change à l’—; to pay a bill of exchange at maturity.

échéant, part., falling due. Le cas —; if such should be the case; in that case.

échec, n.m., check, repulse, defeat; blow; loss. Donner —; to check. — et mat; check-mate. Être — et mat; to be checkmated. Il a souffert un grand —; he has suffered a dreadful blow. Tenir un homme en —; to have a man under one’s thumb. Tenir une armée en —; to keep an army at bay.

échecs (é-shè), n.m.pl., chess; board and set of chess-men; chess-men. Jouer aux —; to play at chess.

échelette, n.f., rack (for pack-saddles, carts); (orni.) wall-creeper.

échelier, n.m., peg-ladder.

échelle, n.f., ladder; ladder-staircase; scale; degree; (nav.) quarter-deck ladder. — brisée; folding-ladder. — de siège; scaling-ladder. — de corde; rope-ladder. — de meunier; trap-ladder. — à incendie; fire-ladder, fire-escape. — de jardin ou de tapissier; pair of steps. — de dunette; poop-ladder. — de commandement; accommodation-ladder. — campanaire; bell-founder’s diapason. —s du Levant; sea-ports in the Levant. Faire la courte —; to mount upon one another’s shoulders. Faire à quelqu’un la courte —; to give a lift to any one; to help any one through. Sentir l’—; to deserve hanging. Après lui il faut tirer l’—; he has left nothing to be done, or you cannot go one better.

échelon (ésh-lon), n.m., round, rung, step (of a ladder); step, stepping-stone; (milit.) echelon. Descendre d’un —; to come down a step. Marcher en —s; to march in echelons.

échelonner, v.a., to draw up in echelons; to arrange according to gradation. — un corps d’infanterie; to draw up a body of infantry in echelons.

s’échelonner, v.r., to be graduated; to rise gradually; to be arranged or drawn up in echelons.

échenal or écheneau, n.m., gutter, basin.

*échenillage, n.m., clearing, ridding of caterpillars.

*écheniller (ésh-ni-), v.a., to rid plants of caterpillars.

*échenilleur, n.m., caterpillar-destroyer; (ornith.) caterpillar-eater.

*échenilloir, n.m., averruncator.

écheno. V. échenal.

écheoir. V. échoir.

écheveau (ésh-vo), n.m., hank, skein. Dévider un —; to reel, to wind off, a skein.

échevelé, -e (é-shĕv-lé), adj., disheveled; whose hair hangs loose; disordered; romantic, extravagant.

échevette, n.f., small skein.

échevin (ésh-vin), n.m., sheriff, alderman.

échevinage, n.m., shrievalty, sheriffdom, sheriffship.

échidné (é-kid-), n.m., (zoöl.) echidna.

échi-f, -ve, adj., (hunt.) voracious, greedy.

échiffe or échiffre, n.m., (arch.) partition-wall (of a staircase).

*échignole, n.f., (tech.) button-maker’s spindle.

*échillon, n.m., waterspout.

échimose, n.f. V. ecchymose.

échine, n.f., spine, backbone, chine; (arch.) echinus, ovolo. Une maigre —; a thin, lank person. Crotté jusqu’à l’—; bespattered, or splashed, up to the neck (with mud).

échiné, part., adj., broken-backed; belabored; beaten to death; tired out.

échinée, n.f., (cook.) chine, chine-piece.

échiner, v.a., to break the back, to kill, to murder; to beat unmercifully; to knock up, to tire out.

s’échiner, v.r., to knock one’s self up with work; to work one’s self to death; (of things) to get used up.

échinite (é-ki-), n.m., (foss.) petrified sea-hedgehog, echinite.

échinope (é-ki-), n.m., (bot.) echinops, globe-thistle.

échinophore (é-ki-), n.f. and adj., (bot.) prickly samphire; echinophora; (conch.) univalvular shell.

échioïde (é-ki-), n.m. (bot.). V. vipérine.

échiqueté, -e (é-shik-té), adj., checkered; (her.) checky.

échiquier, n.m., chess-board; exchequer; square net. Ouvrage fait en —; checkerwork. En —; in squares; (nav.) in bow and quarter line.

écho (é-ko), n.m., echo. Le jeu des —s; echo-stop (in organs). —s de lumière; (paint.) reverberations of light.

échoir (échéant, échu), v.n., to expire, to fall due, to be out, to lapse, to devolve; to chance, to happen, to fall, to fall out; to fall to. Le premier payement doit — à Noël; the first payment falls due at Christmas. Cette lettre de change est échue; that bill of exchange is due. À —; (of bills) running, not due. Cela lui est échu en partage; that fell to his lot. Si le cas y échoit, s’il y échet, le cas échéant; the case occurring; in such a case.

échomètre (é-ko-), n.m., echometer.

échométrie (é-ko-), n.f., echometry.

échoppage, n.m., edging, scorping.

échoppe, n.f., booth, stall; round or flat graver; scalper; scorper, burin.

échopper, v.a., to scorp, to edge.

échoppi-er, -ère, n.m. and f., stall-keeper.

échouage, n.m., (nav.) beaching, stranding. Lieu d’—; place proper for running a vessel aground.

échouement, n.m., running aground, stranding.

échouer, v.n., to run aground or on shore, to cast away, to run against, to hit, to strand, to be stranded; to miscarry, to fail, to be disappointed. La frégate échoua contre un rocher; the frigate struck upon a rock. — dans un examen; to fail, to be plowed.

échouer, v.n., (nav.) to strand, to run aground.

écimer, v.a., to top, to pollard (trees).

éclaboussement, n.m., splashing, bespattering.

éclabousser, v.a., to splash, to bespatter.

éclaboussure, n.f., splash; (nav.) spoondrift.

éclair, n.m., lightning, flash of lightning, sort of chocolate cake; (chem.) shine. —s de chaleur; heat-lightning. Il a passé comme un —; he shot by like lightning. Faire des —s; to lighten.

éclairage, n.m., lighting, illumination. — au gaz; gas-lighting, gas-light. Gaz d’—; illuminating gas, ethylene.

éclaircie, n.f., glade, vista; opening, rift (in clouds, etc.).

éclaircir, v.a., to clear, to brighten; to clarify; to thin, to make thin; to clear up, to elucidate, to illustrate, to explain, to throw a light on. Cet auteur éclaircit bien des vérités; that author illustrates many truths. — une difficulté; to clear up a difficulty. Le temps éclaircit la vérité; time brings truth to light. — quelqu’un; to enlighten any one, to instruct, to inform, any one. Il faut l’en —; he must be informed of it. — une peau; to gloss a skin.

s’éclaircir, v.r., to clear, to brighten, to become clear or bright, to grow light; to be solved, to be explained, to be elucidated. Le temps s’éclaircit; the weather is clearing up. Son teint commence à s’—; her complexion is becoming clearer. S’— d’une chose; to inquire about or into a business, to inform one’s self about anything, to clear up a matter. Il faut s’— sur cette affaire; that affair must be cleared up.

éclaircissement (-sis-mān), n.m., clearing up, explanation, illustration, elucidation, solution; hint, light, discovery, insight. Avoir un —, en venir à un — avec quelqu’un; to have an explanation, to come to an explanation, with any one.

éclaire, n.f., (bot.) celandine. La grande —; swallow-wort, tetter-wort. La petite —; crowfoot, pilewort.

éclairé, -e, adj. and part., lighted; enlightened; judicious; intelligent, clear-sighted.

éclairer, v.a., to light, to give light to; to illuminate; to carry a light before, to show a light to; to enlighten, to instruct; to observe, to watch; (milit.) to reconnoiter; (paint.) to throw light in, to put light in. Eclairez monsieur; show a light to the gentleman. Les bonnes lectures éclairent l’esprit; the reading of good books enlightens the mind. Il faut l’— de près; he must be watched closely. — une question; to throw light upon a question.

s’éclairer, v.r., to become enlightened; to instruct, enlighten, one another.

éclairer, v.n., to sparkle, to shine, to brighten, to glitter. v.imp., to lighten. Il éclaire; it lightens.

éclaireur, n.m., (milit.) scout. Aller en —; (milit.) to scout.

éclamé, adj., broken-legged; broken-winged.

éclanche, n.f., shoulder of mutton.

éclancher, v.a., to unrumple (stuffs).

éclat, n.m., shiver; splinter (of wood, stone, brick); brightness, refulgence, radiancy, resplendency, glitter, effulgence; clap, crash, noise; luster, pomp, richness, magnificence, glory, gaudiness (of colors); rumor, uproar. Un — de pierre; a fragment of stone. Un — de bombe; a splinter of a shell. On ne saurait soutenir l’— du soleil; there is no bearing the glare of the sun. L’— des yeux; the brilliancy of the eyes. L’— et la pompe de son style; the splendor and pomp of his style. Un — de rire; a burst of laughter. Un grand — de voix; a loud shout. Action d’—; splendid achievement; brilliant action. Des personnes d’—; eminent persons. Cette action a fait —; that action has made a great deal of noise. Voler en —s; to be shivered, to fly into a thousand pieces.

éclatant, -e, adj., bright, sparkling, glittering, brilliant, radiant, dazzling, striking, gorgeous, effulgent, shining, signal, glorious; piercing, loud, shrill. Tout — de lumière; all radiant with light. Son —; shrill sound. Bruit —; crash. Actions —es; brilliant exploits. Vengeance —e; signal vengeance.

éclater, v.n., to split, to shiver, to break in pieces, to burst; to crack, to clap; to cry out, to exclaim against, to fly into, to break out or forth; to blaze out; to shine, to sparkle, to glitter, to flash, to irradiate. Une bombe éclate en tombant; a bomb bursts on falling. Le tonnerre vient d’—; there has just been a clap of thunder. — de rire; to burst out laughing. — en injures; to burst forth into abuse. L’incendie éclata pendant la nuit; the fire broke out during the night. Faire —; to shiver, to shatter; to splinter; to snap, to burst, to cause to explode; to vent, to give vent to; to brighten, to blaze forth; to show, to discover, to make appear.

s’éclater, v.r., to split, to shiver, to fly into fragments, to burst.

éclectique, n.m. and adj., eclectic.

éclectisme, n.m., eclecticism.

écli, n.m., (nav.) splinter.

éclié, -e, adj., splintered, sprung (of masts, etc.).

éclipse, n.f., eclipse, disappearance; absence. Faire une —; to vanish, to disappear.

éclipser, v.a., to eclipse; to throw into the shade.

s’éclipser, v.r., to be eclipsed or darkened, to disappear, to vanish. Il s’éclipsa tout d’un coup; he suddenly disappeared.

écliptique, n.f. and adj., (astron.) ecliptic.

éclisse, n.f., (surg.) splint; splinter; cheese-wattle; stand; rib, side-piece (of violins, pails, tubs, casks, etc.)

éclisser, v.a., (surg.) to splint.

éclogue, n.f. V. églogue.

éclopé, -e, n. and adj., cripple, halt; footsore, lame, badly hurt. Il est tout —; he is quite lame.

écloper, v.a., to lame; to make lame; footsore. S’—, v.r., to become lame, footsore.

éclore, v.n., to hatch; to blow, to open; to break, to dawn. Les poulets commencent à —; the chickens are beginning to pierce the shell. Faire — des oiseaux; to hatch birds; (fig.) to bring to light, to usher in; to give birth to, to produce, to bring out; to blow, open.

éclosion, n.f., hatching; blowing, opening.

écluse, n.f., lock, guard-lock, sluice, dam, mill-dam, wear, weir, flood-gate. — de moulin; mill-gate. — à sas; lift-lock. — à vannes; sliding flood-gate. Déversoir à —; weir. — à marée montante; tide-gate.

éclusée, n.f., sluice-full of water; lockage.

écluser, v.a., to build locks; to take a boat through a lock.

éclusier, n.m., sluice-man, lock-keeper.

écobuage, n.m., (agri.) weeding, burning of weeds.

écobue, n.f., weeder, turfing iron.

écobuer, v.a., to weed a field and burn the weeds.

écœurement, n.m., disgust; sickening; anguish of heart.

écœurer, v.a., to disgust; to sicken; (fig.) to shock; to dishearten.

écofrai or écofroi, n.m., (tech.) cutting-board.

écoinçon or écoinson, n.m., (mas., carp.) diagonal, angle-tie; angle stuff-bead; (carp.) jamb (of doors); (carp.) reveal (of windows).

écolage, n.m., schooling.

écolâtre, n.m., (theol.) doctor, teacher.

école, n.f., school; college; scholastic philosophy; sect; training, practice; blunder. Petite —; day-school. Maître d’—; schoolmaster. Camarade d’—; schoolfellow. — de droit; law-school. — de marine; naval school. — d’équitation, — de natation; riding-school, swimming-school. — communale; parish-school. Cela sent l’—; that savors of pedantry. Faire —; to be at the head of a school or sect; or to be fundamental (of a doctrine); to found a school (of art, literature). Dire les nouvelles de l’—; to tell tales out of school. Faire l’— buissonnière; to play truant. Faire une —; (backgammon) to blunder in pegging one’s points. Envoyer à l’—; to peg. Faire une —; to commit a stupid blunder. Basse —; ordinary horsemanship. Haute —; high horsemanship.

écoli-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., schoolboy, schoolgirl, pupil, scholar, learner, a tyro. En —; boy-like. Prendre le chemin des —s; to go a roundabout way; to loiter. Ce n’est qu’un —; he is but a novice. Tour d’—; schoolboy trick. Papier —; exercise-paper.

écolleter, v.a., to cut off, to round off.

éconduire, v.a., to show out; to bow out; to dismiss; to put off, to refuse, to deny. Il nous éconduit poliment; he gives us a polite refusal.

économat, n.m., stewardship; bursarship; bursary; steward’s or bursar’s office.

économe, adj., economical, saving, thrifty. C’est une femme —; she is a thrifty woman. Être — de louanges; to be sparing of praise.

économe, n.m.f., steward, housekeeper, manager, economist, purser, bursar, treasurer (of colleges, hospitals).

économie, n.f., economy; thrift. Vivre avec —; to live economically. Faire des —s; to put by money, to save money. L’— de l’univers; the disposition of the universe. L’— du corps humain; the harmony of the human body. L’— d’un discours; the management or disposition of a speech. Il n’y a pas de petites —s; a penny saved is a penny earned, or take care of the pence, etc.

économique, adj., economic, economical, cheap. Ménage —; economical housekeeping. [Economique is applied to things only: as, fourneau —; fuel-saving stove.]

économique, n.f., economics.

économiquement (-mik-mān), adv., economically.

économiser, v.a., to economize, to save, to put by, to husband. — ses forces; to husband one’s strength.

économiste, n.m., economist.

écope, n.f., (nav.) scoop, skeet, ladle.

écorce, n.f., bark, rind; peel; shell; outside, surface. Oter l’—; to peel. Cet homme n’a que l’—; he is but a superficial, a shallow man. Juger du bois par l’—; to judge of the inside by the outside. Entre l’arbre et l’— il ne faut pas mettre le doigt; you should not interfere in other people’s quarrels.

écorcement or écorçage, n.m., barking, stripping (of trees).

écorcer, v.a., to bark, to strip, to peel.

écorché, n.m., (paint.) figure without skin (for the study of the muscles).

à écorche-cul, adv., (l.ex.) sliding on the ground; against the grain, unwillingly. V. à rebrousse-poil.

écorchée, n.f., (conch.) conus (striated cone). À l’—; in lots or small parcels.

écorchement, n.m., excoriation; flaying, skinning.

écorcher, v.a., to flay, to skin; to gall, to peel off, to rub off the bark; to take off the skin; to fleece. — l’anguille par la queue; to begin at the wrong end. Cela écorche les oreilles; that grates on one’s ears. Ce procureur écorchait ses clients; that attorney fleeced his clients. — le français; to speak broken French, to murder the French language. Jamais beau parler n’écorcha la langue; civility costs nothing. Il crie avant qu’on l’écorche; he cries out before he is hurt.

s’écorcher, v.r., to tear off one’s skin, to get skinned, to gall or be galled; (fig.) to speak ill of or disparage one’s self.

écorcherie, n.f., knacker’s yard; inn in which travelers are fleeced; expensive place; fleecing.

écorcheur, n.m., knacker; flayer; fleecer.

écorchure, n.f., scratch, excoriation; slight wound.

écorner, v.a., to break the horns, the corners, of; to dog’s ear; to curtail, to impair, to lessen, to diminish. Il fait un vent à — un bœuf; it is blowing great guns.

écornifler, v.a., to sponge upon, to hang on.

écorniflerie, n.f., sponging, hanging on.

écornifleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., sponger, hanger-on.

écornure, n.f., corner broken off, breaking at the edges, chipping.

écossais, -e, n. and adj., Scotsman, Scotswoman; Scottish.

écossaise, n.f., Scotch plaid, plaid-stuff.

écosser, v.a., to shell, to husk (peas or beans).

écosseu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., sheller.

écot, n.m., share (of a reckoning); reckoning; score; quota; company; stump (of a tree). Payez votre —; pay your share. Parlez à votre —; speak to your own company; mind your own business. De tous —s; meddling with everything.

écôtage, n.m., stemming (of tobacco).

écôter, v.a., to stem.

*écouailles, n.f.pl., coarsest wool, tail wool.

écoulement (é-kool-mān), n.m., flowing, running, draining; (com.) sale, output, outlet. L’— de l’eau; the flowing of water. L’— de nos produits; the sale of our commodities.

écouler, v.a., to pour away; (com.) to drain; to sell.

s’écouler, v.r., to run or flow away; to pass away, to glide away; to slip away; (com.) to go off. L’eau s’écoule; water flows away. L’argent s’écoule; money slips away. Le temps s’écoule; time passes away. Ces marchandises s’écoulent vite; these goods sell fast, or go off well, or have a good sale, or command a ready sale.

écourgeon. V. escourgeon.

écourter, v.a., to shorten, to dock, to crop; to curtail. — un chien; to crop a dog. Cheval écourté; cropped horse. Nez écourté; snub-nose.

écoutant, -e, n. and adj., listener, hearer; listening, attending. Avocat —; briefless barrister.

écoute, n.f., hiding-place for listening; (nav.) sheet, main-sheet (cordage). Être aux —s; to be on the watch, on the look-out; to eavesdrop. Entre deux —s; both sheets aft.

écouter, v.a., to listen; to hearken; to give hearing; to hear; to pay attention to; to mind. — à la porte; to listen at the door. — les avis de quelqu’un; to listen to any one’s advice. — raison; to listen to reason. Ecoutez; hark ye, look here, come! Il n’écoute personne; he heeds nobody. Ne l’écoutez pas! never mind him! Se faire —; to obtain a hearing, to enforce obedience.

s’écouter, v.r., to like to hear one’s self; to be over careful of one’s self; to indulge one’s self. Il s’écoute trop; he nurses himself too much.

écouteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., listener. C’est un — aux portes; he is an eaves-dropper.

écouteux, adj., skittish, jibbing (of horses).

*écoutille, n.f., (nav.) hatchway. Fermer les —s; to close the hatches.

écoutoir, n.m., ear-trumpet.

*écouvillon, n.m., scovel (of ovens); swab; mop; sponge (of a cannon).

*écouvillonner, v.a., to sweep; to mop; to sponge (of a cannon).

écran, n.m., screen; hand-screen; fire-screen. — de toilette; splash-guard. — en bannière; banner screen.

écrasage, n.m., crushing; bruising.

écrasant, -e, adj., crushing; humiliating; exorbitant, excessive; overwhelming; ruinous.

écrasé, -e, part., crushed, ruined. Nez —; flat nose. Taille —e; squat figure (pers.).

écrasement (é-krâz-mān), n.m., crushing; crush; bruising; squashing; overwhelming; destruction, ruin.

écraser, v.a., to crush; to bruise; to weigh down, to overburden, to overwhelm; to bear down; to run over; to ruin; to squash. — des groseilles; to squash gooseberries. J’ai manqué d’être écrasé par un carrosse; I was near being run over by a coach. Être écrasé de travail; to be overwhelmed with work. — d’impôts; to overburden with taxes. — ses rivaux; to crush one’s rivals.

écraseur, n.m., crusher, bruiser; steam-roller.

écrelet, n.m., gingerbread, nut.

écrémer, v.a., to take off the cream, to skim; to take the best of.

écrémoire, n.f., skimmer; milk-skimmer.

écrêter, v.a., to sweep off the top of a work, to dismantle with shot; to cut off the comb of a cock.

écrevisse, n.f., crayfish; (astron.) Cancer. Une — de mer; a crawfish. Rouge comme une —; as red as a boiled lobster.

s’écrier, v.r., to cry out, to exclaim. V. s’exclamer.

*écrille, n.f., grate (of a fish-pond).

écrin, n.m., casket, jewel-box or case.

écrire (écrivant, écrit), v.a., to write; to spell; to pen, to set down, to write word; to write to ask. — quelque chose sur un registre; to enter anything in a register. Papier à —; writing-paper. — que; to write to say that, to state that.

s’écrire, v.r., to sign one’s self, to write one’s name; to be written, to be spelled; to write to each other.

écrit, n.m., writing, written agreement; pamphlet. Mot d’—; short note; line; word. Mettre, coucher, par —; to set anything down in writing.

écrit, -e, part., writ, written, fated. Cela était — au ciel; that was written above. Il est — que je ne gagnerai jamais; I am fated never to win. C’était —; it was bound to happen.

écriteau, n.m., bill (poster); board; signboard.

écritoire, n.f., ink-horn; inkstand. — portative; pocket inkstand.

écriture, n.f., writing, hand, handwriting; scripture. pl., accounts, papers, documents, lawyer’s bills. — coulée; secretary-hand, running-hand. Mauvaise —; scrawl. L’Ecriture sainte; the Holy Scriptures, the Bible. Commis aux —s; copying clerk.

écriturer, v.n., to do copying work.

écriturier, ère, n.m.f., copying-clerk, copyist.

*écrivailler, v.a., to scribble.

*écrivaillerie, n.f., scribbling.

*écrivailleur, n.m. V. écrivassier.

*écrivain, n.m., writer, author; writing-master; captain’s clerk. — public; public scrivener, petition writer.

écrivassier, n.m., (in the Channel Isles) solicitor; scrivener.

écriveu-r, -se, adj., fond of or always writing, scribbling.

écrou, n.m., screw nut; female screw; jail- or gaol-entry. Livre, registre, d’—; jail- or gaol-book.

écrouelle, n.f., freshwater shrimp.

écrouelles, n.f.pl., king’s evil, scrofula.

écrouelleu-x, -se, adj. and n., scrofulous; person affected with the king’s evil.

écrouer, v.a., to enter in the jail- or gaol-book; to imprison; to lock up.

écroues, n.f.pl., bills of expense of the royal kitchen.

écrouir, v.a., to hard-hammer (metal).

écrouissement, écrouissage, n.m., hammer-hardening.

écroulé, -e, part., fallen down, overthrown. Un mur —; a fallen wall. Un empire —; an overthrown empire.

écroulement (é-krool-mān), n.m., falling in, falling down, crumbling down; wreck, ruin.

s’écrouler, v.r., to fall in, to fall down, to fall to pieces; to break down; to collapse; to perish. Cet édifice vint à s’—; that building fell down. La terre s’écroula; the ground gave way. Faire s’—; to pull or bring down.

écroûter, v.a., to cut off the crust. S’—; to lose its crust (of bread).

écru, -e, adj., unbleached, raw. Fil —, soie —e; raw thread, raw silk. Toile —e; brown holland.

écrues, n.f.pl., wood of new and spontaneous growth.

ectropion, n.m., (med.) eversion of the eyelids.

☉ectype, n.f., ectype.

écu, n.m., shield; ☉crown, an obsolete French coin; ☉half a crown; money, cash; copy-paper. Amasser des —s; to hoard up money. C’est le père aux —s; he is a moneyed man.

écuage, n.m., scutage, land-tax.

écubier, n.m., (nav.) hawse-hole.

*écueil (ékeu-i), n.m., reef, rock; sand-bank; breaker; peril, danger; obstacle; stumbling-block. Donner sur un —; to strike against a rock. Le monde est plein d’—s; the world is full of dangers.

écuelle, n.f., porringer, bowl, basin. Laver les —s; to wash the dishes. Des lavures d’—s; dish-water, hog-wash. Être propre comme une — de chat; to be filthy, very dirty.

écuellée, n.f., porringer-full, bowl-full.

écuisser, v.a., to thin (trees at the foot).

éculer, v.a., to tread down at heel.

s’éculer, v.r., to wear down at the heel.

écumage, n.m., skimming, scumming.

écumant, -e, adj., foaming; frothy, seething.

écume, n.f., froth, foam; scum, dross; dregs; slag; lather. L’— de la mer; the foam of the sea. L’— de certains métaux; the dross of certain metals. L’— d’un cheval; the foam of a horse. Jeter de l’—; to foam. — de mer; white talc; meerschaum; sea-ware.

écuménicité, n.f. V. œcuménicité.

écuménique, adj. V. œcuménique.

écuméniquement, adv. V. œcuméniquement.

écumer, v.n., to foam, to froth. La mer écume; the sea foams. Il écumait de rage; he was foaming with rage.

écumer, v.a., to skim; to pick up; to gather, to collect, rake up. — le pot; to skim the pot. — les marmites; to be a sponger. — les mers; to scour the seas.

écumeur, n.m., skimmer, collector; parasite, plagiarist. — de marmites; sponger, hanger-on. — de mer; sea-robber, sea-rover.

écumeu-x, -se, adj., frothy, foaming.

écumoire, n.f., skimmer, scummer.

écurage, n.m., scouring, cleaning.

écurer, v.a., to scour, to cleanse. — de la vaisselle; to scour dishes.

*écureuil, n.m., squirrel.

écureu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., scourer of kitchen utensils. — de puits; well-cleanser.

écurie, n.f., stable; stabling; mews; stud; equipage. Valet d’—; stable-boy, groom, ostler.

écusson, n.m., escutcheon; shield, coat of arms; (arch.) knob; (hort., nav.) escutcheon.

écussonner, v.a., (hort.) to bud.

écussonnoir, n.m., (hort.) budding-knife.

écuyer, n.m., esquire, squire; equerry; riding-master; rider; wall hand-rail (of a staircase). Il est bon —; he is a good horseman. — tranchant; carver. — de cuisine; head cook; house-steward. Grand —; master of the horse.

écuyère, n.f., horsewoman, female equestrian performer. À l’—; in riding fashion. Bottes à l’—; top boots, riding boots.

eczéma, n.m., (n.p.) (med.) eczema.

edda, n.f., (—s) edda.

éden (é-dè-n), n.m., Eden.

édenté, -e, adj., toothless; (fig.) broken, edentate. Vieille —e; toothless hag. Un peigne —; a broken-toothed comb.

édenter, v.a., to wear out, to break the teeth of objects such as combs, saws, etc.; to deprive of one’s teeth; to cause any one to lose his teeth. La vieillesse nous édente; old age causes us to lose our teeth.

s’édenter, v.r., to lose its or one’s teeth.

édentés, n.m.pl., (zoöl.) edentata.

édicter, v.a., to enact, to decree. Peines édictées par la loi; penalties enacted by law.

édicule, n.f., small edifice, pavillon, kiosk.

édifiant, -e, adj., edifying.

édificateur, n.m., (l.u.) builder, constructor.

édification, n.f., building, erection; edification.

édifice, n.m., edifice, building, pile; structure, fabric.

édifier, v.a., to build, to erect, to construct; to edify, to improve, to instruct, to enlighten, to satisfy. Il m’a édifié sur son compte; he told me all about him.

édile, n.m., edile.

édilité, n.f., edileship.

édit, n.m., edict, decree.

éditer, v.a., to publish, to edit (of books).

éditeur, n.m., publisher.

édition, n.f., edition.

édredon, n.m., eider-down; eider-down quilt.

éducat-eur, -rice, n., educator; teacher; educationalist. adj., educative, instructing.

éducati-f, -ve, adj., educative.

éducation, n.f., education; breeding, rearing (of animals); training; manners. Faire l’— d’un jeune homme; to educate a young man. Tenir une maison d’— de demoiselles; to keep a boarding school for young ladies. Il n’a point d’—; he has no breeding.

édulcoration, n.f., edulcoration; sweetening.

édulcorer, v.a., (pharm.) to edulcorate, to sweeten.

éduquer, v.a., (pop.) to bring up, to educate, children.

éfaufiler, v.a., to reeve out (of textile fabrics).

effaçable, adj., effaceable.

effaçage, n.m., effacing; erasing.

effacement, n.m., effacing, effacement; obliteration, blotting out; disappearance; humility, self-effacement; throwing back (of the shoulders). Homme d’—; man of retiring manner.

effacer, v.a., to efface, to expunge; to wear out; to rub out; to strike out; to blot out; to scrape out, to scratch out; to wash away, to obliterate; to eclipse, to throw into the shade; to throw back (the shoulders); to surpass, to excel, to outdo. — ses péchés par ses larmes; to wash out one’s sins by one’s tears.

s’effacer, v.r., to get obliterated; to wash out; to wear away; to keep in the background; to draw aside; to give way; to straighten one’s self; to throw one’s self well back. Il s’effaça pour éviter le coup; he drew aside to avoid the blow.

effaceu-r, -se, n.m.f., eraser.

effaçure, n.f., blot, blotting out, obliteration, erasure.

effaner, v.a., (agri.) to strip of leaves.

effaré, -e, part., wild; scared; bewildered. Un visage —; a haggard, scared countenance.

effarement, n.m., bewilderment, distraction, terror, affright.

effarer, v.a., to terrify, to scare.

s’effarer, v.r., to be scared, to take fright.

effarouchant, -e, adj., terrifying, startling.

effarouchement, n.m., scare, fright, affright, alarm, umbrage.

effaroucher, v.a., to scare away; to startle, to shock, to give umbrage.

s’effaroucher, v.r., to be scared, to be startled, to take umbrage or alarm; to take fright.

effecti-f, -ve, adj., effective, real, positive; (com.) in cash. C’est un homme —; he is a man of his word.

effectif, n.m., (milit.) effective force; strength.

effection, n.f., (geom.) effection.

effectivement (-tiv-mān), adv., in effect, really, actually, indeed, in fact; and to be sure; yes, so it is.

effectuer, v.a., to effect, to execute, to accomplish; to carry out; to bring about; to work out.

s’effectuer, v.r., to be effected, executed, accomplished; to take place; to take effect; to be carried out.

effémination, n.f., effeminacy.

efféminé, -e, adj., effeminate, womanish. Air —; effeminate look.

efféminer, v.a., to effeminate, to enervate.

effendi or efendi (è-fān-di), n.m., effendi (Turkish title).

effervescence, n.f., effervescence; excitement; ferment.

effervescent, -e, adj., effervescent, effervescing; excited, excitable.

effet, n.m., effect, consequence, result; performance, intent, execution; purpose; power (mec.); bill of exchange, bill. pl., goods; luggage; movables, chattels; funds; stocks. Produire de l’—; to make an impression. Ces choses-là font un vilain —; those things look bad. Souscrire un —; to sign a bill. — à échoir; running bill. Faire les fonds d’un —; to provide for a bill. Faire-honneur à un —; to honor a bill. À double —; double acting (mec.). En —; in reality, indeed. Pour cet —; to that end, for that purpose. À l’— de; to the end that, with a view to. À quel —? to what purpose? to what end? À —; sensational, clap-trap. Cela me fait cet —; it seems so to me. Faire de l’—; to make a show; to be showy. Faire l’— de; to make one think of; to put one in mind. — rétrograde; (at billiards) screwing back. — contraire; screw. — de côté; side.

*effeuillaison, n.f., fall of the leaves.

*effeuillement, n.m., stripping off the leaves; defoliation.

*effeuiller, v.a., to strip of leaves, to pluck; to pick to pieces (a flower).

*s’effeuiller, v.r., to lose or shed its leaves (of a tree, a flower). Les roses s’effeuillent; the roses are shedding their leaves.

efficace, adj., efficacious, effectual, effective.

efficace, n.f., efficacy, efficiency, virtue.

efficacement (-kas-mān), adv., efficaciously, efficiently, effectually.

efficacité, n.f., efficacy, efficiency.

efficient, -e, adj., efficient.

effigie, n.f., effigy. Pendre en —; to hang in effigy.

effigier, v.a., to make an effigy of.

effilé, n.m., fringe.

effilé, -e, adj., slender, slim; sharp, fine, tapering. Avoir la taille —e; to have a thin, slender figure.

effiler, v.a., to unweave, to ravel out, to unravel; to thin (the hair); (hunt.) to tire out the dogs.

s’effiler, v.r., to ravel, to ravel out, to fray out; to taper.

effiloche, n.f., untwisted silk, light refuse silk.

effilocher or effiloquer, v.a., to ravel out, to undo.

effiloque, n.f. V. effiloche.

effilure, n.f., raveled thread.

efflanqué, -e, adj., lean, thin, lank, raw-boned; meager. Style —; meager style.

efflanquer, v.a., to make lean, to emaciate.

effleurer, v.a., to take the surface off; to pick, to pluck (flowers); to skim over, to skim the surface of, to glance at; to grace, to touch upon, to dip into.

effleurir, v.a., (chem.) to effloresce.

s’effleurir, v.r., to effloresce.

efflorescence, n.f., efflorescence.

efflorescent, -e, adj., efflorescent.

effluence, n.f., (phys.) effluence.

effluent, -e, adj., (phys.) effluent.

effluve, n.m., effluvium. pl., effluvia.

effondrement, n.m., (agri.) digging deep; trenching; falling in, sinking.

effondrer, v.a., (agri.) to dig deep, to break in, to weigh down, to sink. — une volaille; to draw a fowl. — du poisson; to gut fish.

s’effondrer, v.r., to fall in; to give way.

*effondrilles, n.f.pl., grounds, sediment, dregs.

s’efforcer, v.r., to strain, to strive, to make an effort, to exert one’s self; to struggle, to endeavor, to attempt.

effort, n.m., effort, exertion, endeavor; force, strength; (nav., vet.) strain, weight; stress. L’— de l’eau a rompu cette digue; the force of the water has broken down that dyke. Ce cheval a un —; that horse is strained. Faire un — sur soi-même; to do one’s self violence, to strive to overcome one’s repugnance. Se donner un —; to overstrain one’s self, to sprain one’s back.

effraction, n.f., breaking, breaking open, house-breaking. Vol avec —; burglary.

effraie, n.f., white barn-owl; screech-owl.

s’effranger, v.r., to become unraveled, to fray at the edges.

effrayant, -e, adj., frightful, fearful, dreadful, terrific; appalling; grim, hideous.

effrayé, -e, part., afraid, daunted, dismayed.

effrayer, v.a., to fright, to frighten, to alarm, to terrify, to dismay.

s’effrayer, v.r., to be frightened, to be startled, to take fright, to take alarm. Il s’effraie de peu de chose; he is soon frightened.

effréné, -e, adj., unbridled, unrestrained, unruly; lawless; wild; frantic. Passions —es; unbridled passions.

effritement, n.m., crumbling to dust; exhaustion (of land).

effriter, v.a., (agri.) to exhaust (land).

s’effriter, v.r., (agri.) to become exhausted; to crumble to dust.

effroi, n.m., fright, terror, consternation; dread, dismay. Porter partout l’—; to carry consternation everywhere.

effronté, -e, n. and adj., shameless, brazen-faced person; shameless, bold, brazen-faced.

effrontément, adv., impudently, boldly, shamelessly.

effronterie (é-front-rî), n.f., effrontery, boldness, impudence, shamelessness. Il est plein d’—; he is full of impudence. Il a eu l’— de me menacer; he had the effrontery to threaten me. Payer d’—; to brazen a thing out.

effroyable, adj., frightful, dreadful, horrid, horrible, awful; downright; shocking; prodigious. Elle est d’une laideur —; she is frightfully ugly.

effroyablement, adv., frightfully, horribly, dreadfully, awfully; shockingly. Elle est — laide; she is frightfully ugly.

effusion, n.f., effusion, pouring out, overflowing, shedding.

éfourceau, n.m., two-wheeled timber-carriage.

égagropile, n.m., (vet.) wool-ball.

égal, -e, adj., equal, uniform, like, alike; even, level, same. Tout lui est —; it is all one to him. Une humeur —e; an even temper. Cela m’est —; it is all the same to me. C’est —, si j’avais su; never mind, if I had only known.

égal, n.m., -e, n.f., equal. À l’— de; in comparison of, as much as, equal to. Traiter d’—; to treat as one’s equal. Sans —; matchless. D’— à —; between equals; on equal terms.

également (é-gal-mān), adv., equally, alike, impartially, uniformly; also, likewise, too.

égaler, v.a., to equal, to make even, level; to come up to, to match, to emulate; to compare, to parallel.

s’égaler, v.r., to render one’s self equal; to compare one’s self to.

égalisation, n.f., equalization.

égaliser, v.a., to equalize, to make level; to square accounts. — un terrain; to level a piece of ground. S’—; to find its own level.

égalitaire, adj., based on equality, or on equal rights; leveling.

égalité, n.f., (geom.) equality, parity; evenness, uniformity; congruity. À — de mérite; where there is equality of merit. — d’âme; equanimity.

égard, n.m., regard, consideration, respect; deference, attentions. Avoir —; to pay regard. Avoir — à quelque chose; to be regardful of anything. Avoir des —s pour; to have consideration for, to pay regard, deference to. En — à; considering. En — à la qualité; considering the quality. Avoir de grands —s pour quelqu’un; to show great deference to any one. Par — pour; out of regard for. Par — pour vous; for your sake. À l’— de; respecting; with regard to. À cet —; in this respect. À tous —s; in all respects.

égaré, -e, part., strayed; misguided, misled, roving, wild; mislaid; disordered, distracted, bewildered. Brebis —es; lost sheep.

égarement (é-gar-mān), n.m., straying, losing one’s way; mistake, error; wildness (of the look); disorder, ill-conduct, excess, frenzy, bewilderment. — d’esprit; mental alienation.

égarer, v.a., to mislead, to misguide; to bewilder; to impair (intellect); to lead astray, to lead into error; to mislay. — quelque chose; to mislay anything.

s’égarer, v.r., to lose one’s way, to stray; to err; to mistake; to be led into error; to go astray; to ramble; to lose one’s self. Il s’est égaré de son chemin; he has lost his way. Il s’égara dans la forêt; he lost himself in the forest.

égarotté, -e, adj., (man.) wither-wrung.

égayer, v.a., to enliven, to divert, to make cheerful, to lighten, to raise (the spirits), to cheer, to cheer up; to thin (trees). — un appartement; to make an apartment lighter.

s’égayer, v.r., to make merry, to be merry, to divert one’s self, to sport, to cheer up. Il faut vous —; you must cheer up. Nous nous égayâmes à ses dépens; we made merry at his expense.

égide, n.f., Ægis (shield of Jupiter, of Pallas); shield, buckler, breast-plate; protector. Il me sert d’—; he is my protector. Sous son —; under his ægis; under his protection.

égilops (-lops), n.m., (med.) egilops.

églantier (-tié), n.m., (bot.) eglantine, woodbine, hip-tree, brier, dog-brier. — odorant; sweet-brier.

églantine, n.f., (bot.) (flower) eglantine, hip, dog-rose, sweet-brier, woodbine.

églefin, n.m., (ich.) haddock.

église, n.f., church; chimney cowl; cowl. L’— anglicane; the church of England. Un homme d’—; a churchman, a clergyman. Gueux comme un rat d’—; as poor as a church mouse.

églogue (-log), n.f., eclogue.

☉égoïser, v.n., to egotize.

égoïsme, n.m., egotism, selfishness; (philos.) egoism.

égoïste, adj., egotistic; selfish, egoistic.

égoïste, n.m.f., egotist; (philos.) egoist. C’est un —; he is an egotist.

égopode, n.m., (bot.) gout-weed, goutwort.

égorger, v.a., to cut the throat of, to slaughter, to butcher, to kill.

égorgeur, n.m., slaughterer, murderer.

*s’égosiller, v.r., to make one’s throat sore, to make one’s self hoarse (with speaking); to bawl out, to strain one’s voice.

égotisme, n.m., (ant.) egotism.

égotiste, n.m., (ant.) (l.u.) egotist.

égout, n.m., running or falling of water; sink, drain, sewer; eaves, projecting roof. — collecteur; main-sewer.

égoutier, n.m., sewer-man.

égouttage, n.m., drainage; draining, dripping.

égoutter, v.n., to drain, to drip.

égoutter, v.a., to drain, to let drop.

s’égoutter, v.r., to drop, to drain.

égouttoir, n.m., drainer, plate-rack.

égoutture, n.f., drainings, drippings.

égrain or égrin, n.m., seedling pear or apple tree.

égrainer. V. égrener.

s’égrainer. V. s’égrener.

égrappage, n.m., picking (of grapes, currants, etc.).

égrapper, v.a., to pick (grapes, currants, etc.) from the bunch.

égrappoir, n.m., grape-picker (instr.).

*égratigner, v.a., to scratch, to claw; (paint.) to stencil. S’il ne mord pas, il égratigne; if he does not bite he scratches.

*égratigneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., scratcher; (paint.) stenciler.

*égratignure, n.f., scratch; slight wound. Il ne saurait souffrir la moindre —; he cannot bear the least thing or hurt.

*égravillonner, v.a., to ablaqueate.

égrefin, n.m. V. églefin.

égrenage, n.m., shelling, husking (grains); picking (grapes); (arts) ginning.

égrener, v.a., to shell, to husk (grain); to pick from the bunch (grapes); (arts) to gin.

s’égrener, v.r., to shell (of grain); to fall from the stalk; to shed seeds.

*égrillard, -e, adj., sprightly, brisk, lively; free, broad.

*égrilloir, n.m., weir, grate (to keep the fish in a pond).

égrisée, n.f., diamond-dust.

égriser, v.a., to clean, to rough-down, to cut (diamonds).

égrisoir, n.m., diamond-dust box.

égrugeoir (-joâr), n.m., mortar.

égruger, v.a., to pound, to bruise. — du sel; to pound salt.

égueulé, n.m., -e, n.f., adj., (égheulé), broken-mouthed; (pop.) vulgar, foul-mouthed person.

égueulement (é-gheul-mān), n.m., (artil.) breaking at the mouth of a cannon.

égueuler (égheulé), v.a., to break off the mouth or neck (of glass and other vessels).

s’égueuler, v.r., to bawl till one’s throat is sore; (artil.) to break at the mouth (of a gun).

égyptien, -ne (-si-in, -si-èn), adj., Egyptian.

égyptien, n.m., -ne, n.f., Egyptian; gipsy.

eh, int., ah! well! — bien! well! — bien, soit; well, be it so.

éhanché, -e, adj. V. déhanché.

éherber, v.a. V. sarcler.

éhonté, -e, adj., shameless, brazen-faced.

éhouper, v.a., to lop off the top (of a tree).

eider, n.m., (—s) (orni.) eider, eider-duck.

éjaculateur, adj., (anat.) ejaculatory.

éjaculation, n.f., throwing out with force, discharge; ejaculation (fervent prayer).

☉éjaculatoire, adj. V. éjaculateur.

éjaculer, v.a., (anat.) to throw out, to ejaculate, to discharge.

éjarrer, v.a., to remove the coarse hairs (from furs).

éject-eur, -rice, adj., ejecting. Tuyau —; discharge pipe.

élaboration, n.f., elaboration.

élaboré, -e, adj., elaborate, wrought, labored.

élaborer, v.a., to elaborate, to work out.

élagage, n.m., (hort.) lopping; branches lopped off.

élaguer (-ghé), v.a., to lop, to prune; to curtail, to cut down, to cut out. Elaguez ces détails inutiles; cut out those useless particulars.

élagueur, n.m., (hort.) pruner.

élan, n.m., start, spring; dash, rush; sally, flight, glow, soaring; burst, outburst, transport; (mam.) elk, moose-deer. Par —s; by starts. Prendre un —; to take a spring, a flight.

élancé, -e, adj., slender, slim, thin, lank.

élancement (é-lāns-mān), n.m., shooting, twitch, twinge. pl., transports.

élancer, v.a., (l.u.) to launch, to dart, to shoot.

s’élancer, v.r., to bound, to shoot, to shoot or to spring forth, to dart forth, to rush, to dash, to spring; to take one’s flight. Il s’élança sur son cheval; he leapt or sprang on horseback. Il s’élança sur l’ennemi; he rushed upon the enemy. S’— sur quelqu’un; to spring upon any one. Mon âme s’élança vers Dieu; my soul soared up to God.

élancer, v.n., to shoot, to twitch (of pain).

élanion, n.m., (orni.) kite. — martinet; swallow-tailed kite.

élargir, v.a., to stretch, to widen, to make wider, to let out; to enlarge, to release, to set at liberty. — un habit; to let out a coat. — ses quartiers; to extend one’s quarters. — un compas; to open a pair of compasses. — un prisonnier; to set a prisoner at liberty.

s’élargir, v.r., to widen, to become wider; to enlarge; to stretch; to enlarge one’s estate; to set one’s self free.

élargissement (-jis-mān), n.m., widening, enlarging; release, discharge (from prison).

élargissure, n.f., piece let in; eking-piece.

élasticité, n.f., elasticity, springiness.

élastique, adj., elastic, springy.

élastique, n.f., india-rubber; elastic-net; spring-side.

élatine, n.f., (bot.) water-wort.

élavé, adj., (hunt.) soft and discolored.

elbeuf, n.m., Elbeuf-cloth.

eldorado, n.m., (—s) El Dorado.

éléatique, n.m., adj., eleatic.

électeur, n.m., elector.

électi-f, -ve, adj., elective.

élection, n.f., election, return, polling; choice, appointment. Temps, lieu d’—; (surg.) most favorable time, place, for performing an operation. Solliciter des suffrages aux —s; to solicit votes at elections. Aux —s générales; at the general election.

électoral, -e, adj., electoral, elective. Priver du droit —; to disfranchise.

électorat, n.m., electorate.

électrice, n.f., Elector’s consort, Electress.

électricité, n.f., electricity.

électrique, adj., electric. Secousse —; electric shock. Conducteur —; electric conductor.

électrisable, adj., electrifiable.

électrisant, -e, adj., electrifying.

électrisation, n.f., electrification.

électriser, v.a., to electrify.

s’électriser, v.r., to be electrified, to electrify.

électro-aimant, n.m., (—-—s) electro-magnet.

électro-chimie, n.f., (n.p.) electro-chemistry.

électro-dynamique, n.f., (n.p.) electro-dynamics.

électro-magnétisme, n.m., (n.p.) electro-magnetism.

électromètre, n.m., (phys.) electrometer.

électro-négati-f, -ve, adj., electro-negative.

électrophore, n.m., (phys.) electrophorus.

électro-positi-f, -ve, adj., electro-positive.

électroscope, n.m., (phys.) electroscope.

électuaire, n.m., electuary.

élégamment (-ga-mān), adv., elegantly, stylishly.

élégance, n.f., elegance, style.

élégant, -e, n. and adj., gentleman, lady, of fashion; swell, exquisite; elegant, fashionable, stylish.

élégiaque, adj., elegiac.

élégiaque, n.m., elegist.

élégie, n.f., elegy.

élément, n.m., element, hobby, favorite pastime; component part. La chasse est son —; hunting is his hobby. Être dans son —; to be quite at home (in anything).

élémentaire, adj., elementary, elemental.

élémi, n.m., (pharm.) elemi.

éléphant, n.m., elephant.

éléphantiasis (-tia-zis), n.f., (med.) elephantiasis.

éléphantin, -e, adj., elephantine.

élevage, n.m., (agri.) breeding, raising, rearing (of cattle).

élévateur, adj., n.m., (anat.) elevator, elevatory; raising, lifting.

élévation, n.f., elevation, lifting up, raising; rising ground, height, eminence; (persp.) view; exaltation; greatness (of soul); nobleness; (c.rel.) elevation of the host; rise (of prices); raised plan. Il lui doit son —; he is indebted to him for his promotion. Il a beaucoup d’—; he possesses great elevation of mind. — dans le style; loftiness of style. — de côté; side view (of a building).

élévatoire, n.m., (surg.) elevator.

élève, n.m.f., pupil, scholar; student; (nav.) midshipman. — maître (m.), maîtresse (f.); pupil-teacher, pupil, governess. — en chambre; parlor boarder.

élève, n.f., (agri.) breeding (of cattle).

élevé (él-vé), -e, part., raised, grand; heroic, eminent, stately, lofty; high (of prices); exalted. C’est un jeune homme bien —; he is a very well-bred youth.

élever (él-vé), v.a., to raise, to raise up, to exalt, to lift up; to cast up; to ennoble; to erect, to rear up, to set up; to augment, to increase; to run up (of accounts); to bring up, to breed; to rear; to educate, to train up, to nurse, to foster. — quelqu’un jusqu’aux nues; to extol any one to the skies. — la voix; to raise one’s voice. J’ai pris de la peine à — ces plantes; I took some trouble to raise those plants.

s’élever, v.r., to arise, to break out; to ascend, to mount, to go up, to run up; to amount; to be elevated; to increase, to augment; to run up (of accounts); to be started. Une tempête s’éleva; a storm arose. Il s’éleva une querelle; a quarrel broke out. Les vapeurs s’élèvent de la terre; vapors rise from the earth. Celui qui s’élève sera abaissé; he who exalts himself shall be humbled. Les vagues s’élevèrent hautes et menaçantes; the waves rolled high and threatening.

éleveur (él-veur), n.m., elevator; cattle-breeder, grazier.

élevure (él-vur), n.f., pimple, blotch, blain.

elfe, n.m., elf (fairy).

élider, v.a., (gram.) to cut off, to elide.

s’élider, v.r., to be elided, to be cut off. Cette lettre s’élide; that letter is elided.

éligibilité, n.f., eligibility, fitness.

éligible, adj., eligible, fit.

s’élimer, v.r., to wear out, to rub out.

élimination, n.f., elimination, dismissal, expulsion; removal, rejection.

éliminer, v.a., to eliminate, to strike out or off, to expel, to discard, to dismiss, to remove; to delete.

élingue (é-ling), n.f., (nav.) sling, strop.

élinguer (-ghé), v.a., (nav.) to sling.

élire, v.a., to elect, to choose, to return, to appoint, to designate. — domicile; to take up one’s abode.

élision, n.f., elision.

élite, n.f., choice, pick, select few, flower, prime. L’— de l’armée; the pick of the army. J’ai eu l’— de ses livres; I have had the pick of his books. D’—; picked, crack.

élixir, n.m., elixir.

elle, pron., she, her, it; elles, pl., they, them. Je parle d’—; I speak of her. Je reviens à —; I return to her. Je lui parle; I am speaking to her. Je les lui donne à elle-même; I give them to her, place them in her own hands. Je les vois, —s et leur frère; I see them and their brother.

ellébore, n.m., (bot.) hellebore. — noir; Christmas-thorn, black hellebore. Avoir besoin d’—; not to be in one’s right senses.

elléborine, n.f., (bot.) helleborine, bastard hellebore.

ellipse (è-lips), n.f., (gram., geom.) ellipsis; ellipse.

ellipsoïdal, -e, adj., ellipsoidal.

ellipsoïde, n.m., (geom.) ellipsoid.

ellipticité, n.f., ellipticity.

elliptique, adj., elliptical.

elliptiquement, adv., elliptically.

elme (Feu Saint), n.m., corposant, Castor and Pollux.

élocution, n.f., elocution.

éloge, n.m., eulogium, eulogy, panegyric, encomium, praise, commendation. Digne d’—; praiseworthy. Faire soi-même son —; to sound one’s own praises. Faire l’— d’un auteur; to speak in praise of an author. — funèbre; funeral oration.

élogieu-x, -se, adj., full of praise, eulogistic, flattering.

élogiste, n.m.f., (ant.) eulogist, writer of panegyrics.

*éloigné, -e, part., removed, distant, wide, remote, far; absent, foreign. Temps —s; distant times. Cause —e; remote cause. Il est fort — de le croire; he is far from believing it. Se tenir —; to keep away, to stand aloof. D’une manière —e; distantly.

*éloignement (é-loagn-mān), n.m., removal, removing; distance, remoteness; retirement; aversion, dislike; estrangement, unwillingness. On voit Paris dans l’—; Paris is seen in the distance. Avoir de l’— pour le travail; to have an aversion for work.

*éloigner, v.a., to remove, to put away, to send away; to dismiss; to discard; to repudiate; to remove further; to waive; to avert; to banish; to drive away; to put off, to delay, to retard; to alienate, to estrange; to indispose. — un sujet; to waive a subject. — les soupçons; to discard suspicion. — quelqu’un de; to indispose any one (towards). — quelqu’un de son pays; to send any one away from his country. Eloignez de vous ces mauvaises pensées; dismiss such evil thoughts.

s’*éloigner, v.r., to go away, to remove, to recede; to forsake; to withdraw; to ramble; to digress; to swerve; to deviate; to be different, to differ from, to dislike; (paint.) to appear in the distance; to be alienated, to be wanting, to fall off, to fail. Ne vous éloignez pas; don’t go far. S’— de son devoir; to deviate from one’s duty. S’— de son sujet; to digress from one’s subject. Cette opinion s’éloigne de la mienne; that opinion differs from mine.

élongation, n.f., elongation; digression.

élonger, v.a., (nav.) to sheer off, to lay alongside of, to run out a warp.

éloquemment (-ka-mān), adv., eloquently.

éloquence, n.f., eloquence, oratory. — de la tribune; parliamentary eloquence.

éloquent, -e, adj., eloquent.

élu, n.m., -e, n.f., (person) elected, chosen, elect.

élu, -e, part., elected, chosen, elect, appointed, designated, returned.

élucidation, n.f., elucidation.

élucider, v.a., to elucidate.

élucubration, n.f., lucubration.

élucubrer, v.a.n., to lucubrate.

éludable, adj., evadible, eludible.

éluder, v.a., to elude, to evade.

élyme, n.m., (bot.) elymus, lyme-grass.

élysée, n.m., (myth.) Elysium. L’Elysée; the residence (in Paris) of the President of the Republic.

élysée, adj., Elysian. Les champs —s; the Elysian Fields.

élyséen, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., Elysian.

élysiens (-īn), adj.m.pl., (myth.) Elysian.

élytre, n.m., (ent.) elytron, wing-shell.

elzévir, n.m., Elzevir (edition).

elzévirien, -ne, adj., elzevirian, Elzevir.

émaciation, n.f., emaciation.

émacié, -e, adj., emaciated.

*émail, n.m., enamel; (her.) tincture; (fig.) gloss, brilliancy. — de Hollande; Dutch blue. Peindre en —; to enamel. Peinture en —; enameling, enameled picture. Peintre en —; enameler.

*émailler, v.a., to enamel; (fig.) to adorn, to embellish, to stud, to strew, to covet.

*émailleur, n.m., enameler.

*émaillure, n.f., enameling.

émanation, n.f., emanation.

émancipation, n.f., emancipation.

émanciper, v.a., to emancipate.

s’émanciper, v.r., to gain one’s liberty, to free one’s self; to take too much liberty, to get too free, to go beyond bounds, to forget one’s self, to play pranks. Vous vous émancipez trop; you are getting rather too free.

émaner, v.n., to emanate.

émargement, n.m., writing on the margin; marginal note; signature on the margin.

émarger, v.a., to write, to sign, on the margin; to receipt; (fig.) to draw one’s salary; (tech.) to diminish the breadth of the margin of engravings, etc.

émarginé, -e, adj., (bot.) emarginate.

émasculation, n.f., emasculation.

émasculer, v.a., to emasculate.

embabouiner, v.a., (fam., l.u.) to wheedle; to gammon.

emballage, n.m., packing up, packing; package. Toile d’—; packing-canvas, pack-cloth.

emballer, v.a., to pack up; to wrap up; to pack off; (fam. jest.) to send away, to pack off (any one), to look at, to quod.

emballeur, n.m., packer; (pop.) bragger, bobby, policeman.

embander, v.a., to tie up; to swathe.

embarcadère, n.m., terminus; wharf; pier; steps, landing-stage.

embarcation, n.f., small boat, craft; crew, passengers.

embardée, n.f., (nav.) yaw, lurch.

embarder, v.a. and n., (nav.) to yaw, to lurch.

embargo, n.m., embargo. Lever l’—; to take on an embargo. Mettre un — sur; to lay an embargo on.

*embarillé, -e, adj., barreled up.

*embariller, v.a., to barrel, to barrel up.

embarquement, n.m., embarkation, embarking, shipping, shipment.

embarquer, v.a., to embark, to ship, to put on ship-board; to take on board; to see off. On l’a embarqué dans une méchante affaire; he has been drawn into some bad business.

s’embarquer, v.r., to embark, to go on board, to take shipping; to put to sea, to sail, to set out; to engage.

embarras, n.m., incumbrance, hindrance, impediment; embarrassment, difficulty, trouble, intricacy, fuss; perplexity, puzzle; (med.) derangement. Cet homme fait bien de l’—; that man makes a great fuss. Être dans l’—; to be in difficulties. Se mettre dans l’—; to get into trouble, into a scrape. Je suis dans l’—; I am at a loss. Ce n’est pas l’—; that’s easy enough; I see no objection. Avoir l’— du choix; to have too much to choose from. — de voitures; block of carriages.

embarrassant, -e, adj., embarrassing, puzzling, awkward; perplexing, encumbering, cumbersome, troublesome.

embarrassé, -e, part., embarrassed, entangled, perplexed, obstructed, constrained; out of countenance. Être —; to be at a loss.

embarrasser, v.a., to embarrass, to hamper, to encumber, to obstruct; to clog, to trouble, to confound, to puzzle; to come amiss to, to inconvenience, to incommode; to insnare. Être embarrassé de sa personne; not to know what to do with one’s self. Que cela ne vous embarrasse point; do not trouble yourself about that. Cette question l’a embarrassé; that question puzzled him. Il est embarrassé de répondre; he is at a loss for an answer. — une rue; to obstruct a street.

s’embarrasser, v.r., to entangle one’s self, to be embarrassed, entangled; to be solicitous about, to concern one’s self with; (med.) to be affected. Il ne s’embarrasse de rien; nothing ever troubles him. Sa langue s’embarrasse; his tongue begins to falter; his speech is impeded.

embasement, n.m., (arch.) continuous base; basement.

embastillement, n.m., imprisoning; surrounding with forts.

embastiller, v.a., to imprison; to surround with forts.

embatage, n.f., casing, tiring of wheels.

☉*embatailler, v.a., to embattle.

embâter, v.a., to put on a pack-saddle; to saddle, to encumber. On l’a embâté d’une affaire bien désagréable; they have saddled him with a very disagreeable job.

embâtonner, v.a., (l.u.) to arm with a cudgel.

embattés, n.m.pl., periodical winds.

embattoir, n.m., shoeing pit (for wheels).

embattre, v.a., to case, to tire (a wheel).

embauchage, n.m., hiring, engaging (workmen); tampering, gaining over, enticing away; enlisting, recruiting.

embaucher, v.a., to hire, to engage (workmen); to entice away, to tamper with; to enlist, to recruit.

embaucheur, n.m., hirer; recruiting-officer; recruiter, crimp.

embauchoir, n.m., boot-tree; boot-last.

embaumement (an-bôm-mān), n.m., embalming.

embaumer, v.a., to embalm; to perfume, to scent. v.n., to smell very sweet.

embaumeur, n.m., embalmer.

embecquer, v.a., to feed (a bird); to bait (a hook).

embéguiner (-ghi-), v.a., to muffle up; to infatuate, to bewitch.

s’embéguiner, v.r., to be infatuated, to be bewitched, to become bigoted.

embelle, n.f., (nav.) waist.

embellie, n.f., (nav.) lull, momentary calm; favorable change; clearing.

embellir, v.a., to embellish, to beautify; to adorn, to decorate, to set off. — un conte; to embellish a tale.

s’embellir, v.r., to grow beautiful, to improve in beauty, to grow handsome.

embellir, v.n., to beautify, to grow handsomer. Elle ne fait que croître et —; she grows taller and handsomer every day.

embellissement (-lis-mān), n.m., embellishment, improvement, adornment.

embérize, n.f., (zoöl.) bunting.

s’emberlucoquer, v.r., (fam.) to be taken with, to be wedded to.

*embesogné, -e, adj., (fam., jest.) busy, busily engaged.

embêtement, n.m., (triv.) annoyance, bother; nuisance, bore.

embêter, v.a., (triv.) to stupefy, to stultify, to besot; to annoy, to plague; to tease, to torment, to rile; to worry; to aggravate, to bore.

s’embêter, v.r. (triv.) to feel dull, bored.

emblaison, n.f., seed-time, sowing-time.

emblavage, n.m., (agri.) wheat-sowing.

emblaver, v.a., to sow with corn.

emblavure, n.f., land sown with corn.

d’emblée, adv., at the first, in a trice; at the first onset; at the first trial; there and then; straight off the reel.

emblématique, adj., emblematical.

emblème, n.m., emblem. Être l’— de; to be emblematical of.

emboire, v.a., to imbibe; (sculp.) to coat (with oil or wax).

s’emboire, v.r., (paint.) to get dull or flat; to dry in.

emboîtement (ān-boat-mān), n.m., fitting in, jointing, clamping.

emboîter, v.a., to joint; to set (bones); to clamp, to fit, to fit in. — le pas; (milit.) to lock up.

s’emboîter, v.r., to fit, to fit in.

emboîture, n.f., socket, clamp; (pottery) collar. L’— des os; the juncture of the bones.

embolie, n.f., (med.) embolism.

embolisme, n.m., embolism.

embolismique, adj., embolismic, embolismal.

embonpoint, n.m., plumpness, corpulence, stoutness, obesity. Prendre de l’—; to get stout, to pick up flesh. Perdre son —; to fall away, to lose flesh.

emboquer, v.a., to feed, to cram food down.

s’emboquer, v.r., to cram food down one another’s throat.

embordurer, v.a., (l.u.) to put in a frame, to frame.

embossage, n.m., (nav.) bringing the broadside to bear.

embosser, v.a., (nav.) to bring the broadside to bear.

s’embosser, v.r., (nav.) to be brought to bear (broadside on).

embouché, -e, part., entered (of boats); prompted, tutored. Être mal —; to be foul-mouthed, impertinent.

emboucher, v.a., to put to one’s mouth (wind instruments); to prompt; to bit (a horse). Il l’a bien embouché; he gave him a good prompting.

s’emboucher, v.r., (of rivers) to fall into; to empty, to discharge itself.

embouchoir, n.m., boot-tree; mouth-piece (of instruments).

embouchure, n.f., mouth-piece (of wind instruments); mouth (of a river, of a harbor); out-fall (engineering).

embouer, v.a., (pop.) to cover with mud; to bemire; to vilify.

embouquement, n.m., (nav.) entrance to a strait.

embouquer, v.n., (nav.) to enter a strait.

embourbé, -e, part., stuck fast (in the mud). Il jure comme un charretier —; he swears like a trooper.

embourber, v.a., to put in the mire; to bemire. — quelqu’un dans une mauvaise affaire; to get any one into a troublesome business.

s’embourber, v.r., to sink in the mud, to stick in the mire; to be involved (in any trouble).

embourrer. V. rembourrer.

embourser, v.a., to put into one’s purse; to receive; to pocket.

embout, n.m., ferrule.

embouter, v.a., to ferrule, to tip.

emboutir, v.a., (gold.) to scoop out; (coppersmith’s work) to beat out; (arch.) to sheet; to stamp; to plate; to tip.

embranchement, n.m., branch, branching off; branch-road; branch-line, junction (rail.).

embrancher, v.a., (carp.) to put together; to join.

s’embrancher, v.r., to branch off; to branch (of roads); to abut, to join.

embrasé, -e, part., in flames, on fire; glowing, aglow, in a glow.

embrasement (an-brâz-mān), n.m., conflagration, burning; combustion; kindling.

embraser, v.a., to fire, to set on fire, to kindle, to inflame. La guerre a embrasé toute l’Europe; war has set all Europe ablaze.

s’embraser, v.r., to kindle, to take fire, to glow, to be aglow, to be inflamed. Cette matière s’embrase facilement; that stuff easily catches fire.

embrassade, n.f., embrace, hug, kissing, kiss.

embrasse, n.f., curtain-loop, curtain-band.

embrassé, -e, part., embraced. Ils se tenaient —s; they remained locked in each other’s arms.

embrassement (an-bras-mān), n.m., embrace.

embrasser, v.a., to embrace, to clasp; to kiss; to encompass, to encircle, to comprehend, to comprise, to take in, to include; to seize, to avail one’s self of, to undertake. Qui trop embrasse, mal étreint; grasp all, lose all. — la querelle de quelqu’un; to espouse any one’s quarrel. — une occasion; to seize, to avail one’s self of, an opportunity.

s’embrasser, v.r., to embrace, or to kiss, one another.

embrasseu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., (fam., l.u.) embracer, kisser.

embrassure, n.f., band of iron, binder.

embrasure, n.f., embrasure; recess.

embrayage, n.m., connecting (of wheels); coupling gear (motor).

embrayer, v.a., to engage, to connect (man.).

embrelage, n.m., lashing.

embreler, v.a., to lash (a wagon load).

embrener, v.a., (l.ex.) to dirty, to soil. S’— dans quelque affaire; to entangle one’s self in a dirty piece of business.

embrèvement, n.f., (carp.) mortise, franking.

embrever, v.a., (carp.) to mortise, to frank, to join.

embrigadement, n.m., (milit.) brigading; enlisting, recruiting.

embrigader, v.a., (milit.) to brigade; to form into brigades.

embrocation, n.f., embrocation.

embrochement, n.m., spitting (of meat).

embrocher, v.a., to spit, to put upon the spit. — quelqu’un; to run any one through the body.

embroucher, v.a., to overlap, overlay (tiles, etc.).

*embrouillé, -e, part., perplexed, intricate; entangled, obscure.

*embrouillement (an-brou-i-mān), n.m., embroiling, confusion, intricacy, perplexity.

embrouiller, v.a., to embroil, to confuse, to confound, to jumble up; to perplex, to obscure.

*s’embrouiller, v.r., to become intricate or entangled; to get confused; (fam.) to get fuddled, muddled.

embrouilleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., mar-plot; blunderer.

embroussaillé, -e, adj., covered with brushwood, bushy, matted, intricate.

embruiné, -e, adj., (agri.) spoilt by drizzle.

embrumé, -e, adj., foggy, misty, hazy.

embrumer, v.a., to overcast, to cover with fog or mist. S’—; to be covered with fog, to get misty, hazy.

embrun, n.m., (nav.) spray.

embrunir, v.a., to brown.

embryogénie, n.f., embryogeny.

embryographie, n.f., embryography.

embryologie, n.f., embryology.

embryon, n.f., embryo; (bot.) germ; little bit of a man; dwarf, shrimp.

embryonnaire, adj., embryonic.

embu, -e, part. of emboire, soaked in, dried in.

embu, n.m., (paint.) dulness, flatness (of pictures).

embûche, n.f., snare, ambush. Dresser des —s; to lay snares.

embûcher, v.a., to begin cutting (trees); to drive back, to covert (hunt.). S’—; to return, to covert.

embuscade, n.f., ambuscade; ambush; lurking-place, snare. Être, Se mettre, Se tenir, en —; to lie or be lying in wait, in ambush.

embusquer, v.a., to ambuscade, to post.

s’embusquer, v.r., to lay in ambuscade, to lie in wait.

émender, v.a., to amend, to correct.

émeraude (é-mrôd), n.f., emerald.

émergence, n.f., (phys.) emersion, emergence.

émergent, adj., (phys.) emergent.

émerger, v.n., to emerge, to rise out.

émeri (é-mri), n.m., (min.) emery. Bouché à l’—; with a ground stopper.

*émerillon, n.m., whirl (for weaving); (nav.) swivel-hook.

*émerillon, n.m., (orni.) stone-falcon, merlin.

*émerillonné, -e, adj., brisk, sprightly, wide-awake, lively.

émerisé, -e, adj. Papier —; emery paper. Toile —e; emery cloth.

émérite, adj., emeritus; retired, pensioned, superannuated; practised, adept.

émersion, n.f., emersion.

émérus, n.m., (bot.) bastard-senna, colutea.

*émerveillement, n.m., wonder, astonishment.

*émerveiller, v.a., to astonish, to amaze.

*s’émerveiller, v.r., to marvel, to wonder, to be astonished.

émétique, n.m., adj., emetic, puke, vomit; emetical.

émétiser, v.a., (pharm.) to add emetic to a mixture; to treat with emetics.

émettre, v.a., to put in circulation, to utter; to emit, to issue, to give out, to put forth, to express.

émeu, n.m., (zoöl.) emu.

émeute, n.f., riot, disturbance, commotion, uproar, tumult; rising, mutiny. Chef d’—; ringleader.

émeuter, v.a., to rouse, to stir up, to excite.

émeutier (-tié), n.m., rioter.

émier, v.a. V. émietter.

émiettement, n.m., crumbling.

émietter, v.a., to crumble.

s’émietter, v.r., to crumble.

émigrant, -e, n. and adj., emigrant; emigrating.

émigration, n.f., emigration, migration.

émigré, n.m., -e, n.f., emigrant; refugee.

émigrer, v.n., to emigrate; to migrate.

émincé, n.m., (cook.) mince; thin slices.

émincer, v.a., to mince (meat).

éminemment (-na-mān), adv., eminently, in a high degree.

éminence, n.f., eminence; elevation, rising ground, height.

éminent, -e, adj., eminent, high, lofty, conspicuous.

éminentissime, adj., most eminent.

émir, n.m., Ameer, Emir.

émissaire, n.m., emissary; (tech.) overflow pipe, overflow channel. Bouc —; scape-goat.

émission, n.f., emission, issue, uttering, putting into circulation.

emmagasinage, n.m., warehousing.

emmagasiner, v.a., to warehouse, to store.

emmaigrir, v.a. V. amaigrir.

*emmaillotement, n.m., swaddling, swathing.

*emmailloter, v.a., to swaddle, to swathe, to bind up in swaddling clothes.

emmanchement (an-mansh-mān), n.m., (paint., sculpt.) joining, hafting, helving; putting a handle.

emmancher, v.a., to put a handle to, to haft, to helve; to begin, to set about. Affaire mal emmanchée; ill-managed affair.

s’emmancher, v.r., to fit in, to be begun; to be done. Cela ne s’emmanche pas ainsi; that is not the way to set to work.

emmancher, v.n., (nav.) to enter the channel.

emmancheur, n.m., handle-maker.

emmanchure, n.f., arm-hole.

emmannequiner, v.a., to put in hampers; to basket (plants).

emmantelé, -e, adj., covered with a cloak; (fort.) ☉fortified. Corneille —e; hooded-crow.

☉emmanteler, v.a., (fort.) to wall-round.

emmariné, -e, adj., accustomed to the sea.

emmariner, v.a., to man (a ship); to accustom to the sea.

s’emmariner, v.r., to be manned (of a ship); to get accustomed to the sea.

emmêlé, -e, adj., entangled.

emmêler, v.a., to entangle.

s’emmêler, v.r., to get entangled.

emménagement (an-mé-naj-mān), n.m., removal, installation. pl., (nav.) internal arrangements, accommodation.

emménager, v.n., to move in.

s’emménager, v.r., to move in.

emménagogue, n.m. and adj., (med.) emmenagogue.

emmener (an-mné), v.a., to carry away, to take away, to lead away, to fetch away, to convey away. Il l’a emmené dans sa voiture; he took him away in his carriage. Emmenez-le! off with him!

emmenotter, v.a., to handcuff, to manacle.

emmeuler, v.a., to stack hay.

emmiellé, -e, adj., honeyed, sweet, soft. Paroles —es; honeyed words.

emmieller, v.a., to honey; to sweeten with honey; to cajole.

emmiellure, n.f., (vet.) a resolvent plaster.

emmitonner, v.a., to wrap up; to wheedle, to coax.

emmitoufler, v.a., to muffle up.

emmortaiser, v.a., to mortise, to set in a mortise.

s’emmortaiser, v.r., to mortise.

emmotté, -e, adj., (of roots of trees) covered with soil.

emmuseler, v.a., to muzzle.

émoi, n.m., emotion, anxiety, flutter, ferment. Mettre en —; to put in a flutter, a ferment. Être en —; to be agitated or in a ferment.

émollient, -e, adj., emollient, softening.

émollient, n.m., emollient.

émolument, n.m., emolument, fee, perquisite. pl., salary.

émolumentaire, adj., emolumental.

émolumenter, v.n., to profit; to get fees, perquisites.

émonctoire, n.m., (med.) emunctory.

émondage, n.m., pruning, lopping, trimming.

émonde, n.f., dung (of birds of prey).

émonder, v.a., to prune, to lop.

émondes, n.f.pl., branches lopped off; trash, refuse.

émondeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., pruner, trimmer, dresser.

émorfiler, v.a., to beard off; to blunt.

émotion, n.f., emotion; stir, commotion.

émottage, n.m., clod-crushing.

émotter, v.a., (agri.) to break clods of earth.

émottoir, n.m., (agri.) roller, clod-breaker.

émoucher, v.a., to drive flies away; to clear of flies.

émouchet, n.m., sparrow-hawk. Donner l’— à une peau; to soak a hide.

émouchette, n.f., fly-net (for horses).

émoucheu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., (pers.) fly-fanner.

émouchoir, n.m., fly-flap.

émoudre, v.a., to whet, to grind, to sharpen. — des couteaux; to grind knives. Faire — des ciseaux; to have scissors ground.

émouleur, n.m., knife-grinder.

émoulu, -e, part., ground. Frais — de; fresh from, just come from. Il est frais — du collège; he is fresh from college. Combattre à fer —; to fight with sharp weapons.

émoussage, n.m., (agri.) emuscation.

émoussé, -e, part., blunt; dull. Un esprit —; a dull mind. Des sens —s; deadened senses. Etat —; bluntness.

émousser, v.a., to make blunt; to take off the edge; to dull; to take the moss off trees; to deaden. — un rasoir; to take the edge off a razor.

s’émousser, v.r., to get blunt; to become dull; to be, to become, deadened or blunted. La pointe de ce couteau s’est émoussée; the point of this knife is blunted.

émoussoir, n.m., moss-scraper.

*émoustillé, -e, adj., brisk, sprightly.

*émoustiller, v.a., to exhilarate, to put into spirits. S’—; to bestir one’s self; to look alive.

émouvant, adj., touching, moving, affecting, stirring.

émouvoir, v.a., to move, to stir up; to agitate, to provoke; to rouse; to raise; to affect, to touch. Il sait l’art d’— les passions; he knows how to stir up the passions. Il est ému de crainte; he is moved with fear. — une sédition; to raise a sedition.

s’émouvoir, v.r., to rise; to be roused; to be stirred up. Il s’émut à la vue du péril; he was troubled at the sight of the danger. Il s’émeut de rien; the least thing upsets him.

*empaillage, n.m., stuffing (animals).

*empaillement, n.m., bottoming (with straw); stuffing (animals).

*empaillé, -e, part., stuffed.

*empailler, v.a., to pack in straw; to stuff (birds); to straw bottom. — des ballots; to pack up bales in straw. — une plante; to wrap straw round a plant.

*empailleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., chair-mender; bird-stuffer.

empalement (an-pal-mān), n.m., impalement; (tech.) paddle-door, shuttle.

empaler, v.a., to impale.

empan, n.m., span.

empanacher, v.a., to plume, to adorn with a plume. — un casque; to adorn a helmet.

empanner, v.a., (nav.) to bring to. v.n., to tie to.

empaquetage, n.m., packing.

empaqueter (an-pak-té), v.a., to pack up, to make up into a bundle, to do up.

s’empaqueter, v.r., to wrap up. Il s’empaqueta dans son manteau; he wrapped himself up in his cloak.

s’emparer, v.r., to possess one’s self of; to make one’s self master of; to take possession of, to seize, to secure; to engross (conversation); to master. S’— d’un héritage; to seize upon an inheritance.

empâtement, n.m., stickiness, clamminess; cramming (of poultry); (surg.) puffiness.

empâter, v.a., to make clammy, sticky; to cram (fowls); (paint.) to impaste. Cela m’a empâté les mains; that has made my fingers sticky. Face empâtée; pudding face.

empattement, n.m., footing, foundation, base, basement; (tech.) platform (of a crane); (nav.) splicing.

empaumer, v.a., to grasp; to take possession of; to gain over; (at tennis) to strike with the palm of the hand or with a bat. — la voie; (hunt.) to catch the scent.

empaumure, n.f., top-antlers; palm-piece of a glove.

empeau, n.m., (hort.) flute-grafting.

empêchable, adj., preventable.

empêché, -e, part., hindered, at a loss. Être — de sa personne; to be greatly embarrassed. Faire l’—; to affect to be busy.

empêchement (an-pêsh-mān), n.m., hindrance, obstacle, impediment, opposition, obstruction, difficulty; objection. Lever tous les —s; to remove all obstacles. Apporter de l’— à quelque chose; to throw impediments in the way of anything. Je n’y mets point d’—; I do not oppose it.

empêcher, v.a., to oppose, to prevent; to hinder, to obstruct, to impede, to put a stop to. — un mariage; to oppose a marriage. Cette muraille empêche la vue; this wall obstructs the view. Cela n’empêcha pas qu’il ne le fît; that did not prevent him from doing it (i.e., he did it all the same). Il m’empêche de travailler; he hinders me from working. L’un n’empêche pas l’autre; the one does not bar the other. Cela n’empêche pas que; and yet, for all that.

s’empêcher, v.r., to forbear, to refrain from, to keep from, to abstain. Il ne saurait s’— de médire; he cannot keep from slandering. Je ne saurais m’empêcher de le faire; I cannot help doing it.

*empeigne, n.f., upper leather; vamp.

empellement, n.m., sluice, dam.

empennelage, n.m., backing an anchor.

empenneler, v.a., to back an anchor.

empennelle, n.f., small anchor; kedge.

empenner, v.a., to feather arrows.

empenoir, n.m., lock-chisel.

empereur, n.m., emperor.

empesage, n.m., starching.

empesé, -e, part., starched; (of style) stiff, formal.

empeser, v.a., to starch; (nav.) to wet (sails). — un jabot; to starch a frill. S’—; to be starched.

empeseu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., starcher.

empester, v.a., to infect, to taint. v.n., to stink horribly.

empêtré, -e, part., entangled.

empêtrer, v.a., to entangle, to embarrass, to hamper, to saddle, to fetter. — quelqu’un dans une mauvaise affaire; to involve any one in a disagreeable business.

s’empêtrer, v.r., to become entangled, hampered, embarrassed.

emphase, n.f., magniloquence, pomposity; emphasis, stress.

emphatique, adj., bombastic, affected; emphatic.

emphatiquement (-tik-mān), adv., bombastically, pompously, emphatically.

emphractique, n.m., adj., (pharm.) emphractic.

emphysème, n.m., (med.) emphysema.

emphytéose, n.f., long lease, feudal holding.

emphytéote, n.m., tenant on a long lease.

emphytéotique, adj., emphyteutic. Bail —; very long lease. Redevance —; ground-rent.

empiècement, n.m., yoke (of blouse).

empierrement, n.m., stoning, metalling, ballasting; broken stones; metaled road.

empierrer, v.a., to stone, to metal (roads).

empiètement, n.m., encroaching, encroachment; infringement; trespass.

empiéter, v.a., to encroach, to make encroachments, to intrench upon, to invade, to usurp.

empiéter, v.n., to encroach. La mer empiète sur la côte; the sea encroaches upon the coast. Il empiète sur mes droits; he encroaches upon my rights.

empiffrer, v.a., to cram, to stuff.

s’empiffrer, v.r., to cram, to stuff.

empile, n.f., (pisc.) gut-line.

empilement, n.m., piling; stacking.

empiler, v.a., to pile up; to stack; to bin; to fasten (hook).

empileur, n.m., stacker.

empirance, n.f., damage (to goods in transit).

empire, n.m., empire, sovereignty; authority; reign; sway, dominion, command, ascendency; dominions. Bas-—; Lower Empire. L’humide —; (poet.) the sea. — d’Occident, d’Orient; the Western, the Eastern, Empire. Vous avez un — absolu sur moi; you have absolute command over me. Avoir de l’— sur quelqu’un; to sway any one. Traiter quelqu’un avec —; to treat one imperiously, with haughtiness. Avoir de l’— sur soi; to have control over one’s passions. Se disputer l’—; to contend for sovereignty.

empirée, n.m. V. empyrée.

empirement, n.m., aggravation.

empirer, v.a., to make worse.

empirer, v.n., to grow worse. Sa maladie empire chaque jour; his illness gets worse every day. La chose empira, matters grew worse.

empirique, adj., empiric, empirical.

empirique, n.m., empiric.

empiriquement, adv., empirically.

empirisme, n.m., empiricism.

emplacement (an-plas-mān), n.m., site, ground, piece of ground, place, spot.

emplanture, n.f., (nav.) step (of a mast).

emplastration, n.f., (hort.) budding.

emplastrer, v.a., to bud.

emplâtre, n.m., plaster, salve, ointment; helpless creature. Mettre un — à; (med.) to put a plaster on. Mettre un — à une affaire; to patch up a business. C’est un véritable —; he is fit for nothing.

emplette, n.f., purchase. Faire — de quelque chose; to purchase anything. Faire des —s; to go shopping.

emplir, v.a., to fill, to fill up.

s’emplir, v.r., to fill; to be filled.

emploi, n.m., employ, employment; situation, place, post; entry (of accounts); (theat.) line of business; (fin.) appropriation. — abusif; misemployment. Faux —; false item. Faire un bon — de son temps; to make a good use of one’s time. Double —; useless repetition. Donner de l’—; to give employment. Sans —; out of employment.

employé, n.m., clerk, person employed, employé, official.

employer, v.a., to employ, to use, to make use of; to bestow; to devote; to spend; to lay out, to invest. Bien — son temps; to employ one’s time well. — son temps à l’étude; to spend one’s time in study. — une phrase; to use a phrase. — mal; to misemploy. — le vert et le sec; to leave no stone unturned. Je l’ai employé à cela; I set him to work on that. — une somme en recette; (com.) to enter a sum as received.

s’employer, v.r., to employ, to exert, one’s self; to use one’s interest. — pour quelqu’un; to use one’s interest in any one’s favor.

emplumer, v.a., (mus.) to feather, to fledge; to quill. — un clavecin; to quill a harpsichord.

s’emplumer, v.r., to become fledged; to feather one’s nest; (pop.) to pick up flesh. Il s’est bien emplumé dans cette maison; he feathered his nest well in that house.

empocher, v.a., (fam.) to pocket. Il empoche tout ce qu’il gagne; he pockets all his winnings.

empoignement, n.m., grasping; capture, arrest.

*empoigner, v.a., to grasp, to seize, to lay hold of; to take up, to take into custody. Cela est trop gros, on ne saurait l’—; that is too thick, it is impossible to grasp it. Je vous ferai —; I shall have you taken up.

*s’empoigner, v.r., to lay hold of each other. Ils se sont empoignés; they laid hold of each other, they had a set-to.

empointer, v.a., to stitch; to point (pins, needles).

empointeur, n.m., stitcher; pointer.

empois, n.m., starch.

empoisonné, -e, part., poisoned; poisonous.

empoisonnement (-poâ-zo-n-mān), n.m., poisoning.

empoisonner, v.a., to poison; to infect; to mar, to corrupt; to embitter, to envenom. Ces maximes sont capables d’— la jeunesse; these maxims are calculated to corrupt the young.

s’empoisonner, v.r., to poison one’s self.

empoisonneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., poisoner, corrupter; wretched cook.

empoisser, v.a. V. poisser.

empoissonnement (-poâ-so-n-mān), n.m., stocking with fish.

empoissonner, v.a., to stock with fish.

emporté, -e, adj., fiery, passionate, hasty, hot, hot-headed; runaway; unmanageable.

emportement, n.m., transport; passion, fit of passion; hastiness; outburst; anger, rage; frenzy, violence.

emporte-pièce, n.m., punch (instrument); puncher; cutting-out machine; fly-press; sarcastic person; virulent satirist. C’est une réponse à l’—; it is a very cutting answer.

emporter, v.a., to carry away, to take away, to sweep away, to convey away; to remove (stains); to carry off (kill); to entail, to involve; to gain, to obtain; to blow off; to burn. Le vent a emporté mon chapeau; the wind has blown my hat off. Cette maladie l’a emporté; that illness carried him off. — de haute lutte; to carry with a high hand. L’— sur; to prevail; to have the advantage, to get the better of, to carry the day; to preponderate, to overcome, to outweigh, to surpass. L’amour l’emporte souvent sur la raison; love often gets the better of reason. Il l’a emporté sur tous ses concurrents; he triumphed over all his competitors. Cette considération l’emporte sur toutes les autres; that consideration outweighs every other. — ses cliques et ses claques; to pack up bag and baggage. — la pièce; to strike home.

s’emporter, v.r., to fly into a passion; to declaim, to inveigh against; to rail at; to run away (of horses). — contre le vice; to declaim against vice. — comme une soupe au lait; to take fire like gunpowder.

empotage, n.m., potting.

empoter, v.a., (hort.) to inclose in pots, to pot.

empourpré, -e, adj., purple, purpled, empurpled.

empourprer, v.a., s’—, v.r., to purple.

empreindre, v.a., to imprint, to stamp; to mark; to impress; to tincture. S’—, to become tinged.

empreinte, n.f., mark, stamp, print, impression; (paint.) first coat. L’— d’un cachet; the stamp of a seal. Son ouvrage porte l’— de son esprit; his work bears the stamp of his mind. Marqué à l’— de; bearing the stamp of.

empressé, -e, adj., active; assiduous; officious; eager, earnest. Il paraît fort — auprès d’elle; he appears markedly attentive to her. Des soins empressés; assiduous attentions. Faire l’—; to put one’s self forward.

empressement (an-prèss-mān), n.m., eagerness, earnestness; assiduous attention; alacrity, promptness, haste, hurry. Avec —; eagerly, earnestly, cheerfully, industriously. Il a beaucoup d’— à vous servir; he is very anxious to serve you. Trop d’—; overforwardness.

s’empresser, v.r., to hasten, to be eager (to), to be earnest, forward, to be ardent, to flock, to crowd, to press forward. S’— de parler; to hasten to speak.

emprisonnement (-zo-n-mān), n.m., imprisonment, confinement, custody. — cellulaire; solitary confinement.

emprisonner, v.a., to imprison, to confine.

emprunt, n.m., borrowing, loan. Il est toujours aux —s; he is always borrowing. Argent d’—; borrowed money. Une beauté d’—; an artificial beauty. Faire un —; to contract a loan.

emprunter, v.a., to borrow. — de l’argent à quelqu’un; to borrow money of any one. Nom emprunté; assumed name. Air emprunté; an embarrassed look. Ne choisit pas qui emprunte; beggars cannot be choosers.

emprunteu-r, -se, n. and adj., borrower; borrowing, prone to borrow; not original.

empuantir, v.a., to cause an ill smell, to infect.

s’empuantir, v.r., to stink, to have a bad odor.

empuantissement (-tis-mān), n.m., stench.

empyème, n.m., (med.) empyema.

empyrée, n.m. and adj., the empyrean; empyreal.

empyreumatique, adj., empyreumatical.

empyreume, n.m., empyreuma.

ému, -e, part., moved, affected. Fort —; much affected.

émulat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., (l.u.) emulator, rival, imitator.

☉émulati-f, -ve, adj., emulative.

émulation, n.f., emulation; rivalry.

émule, n.m., rival, competitor, emulator.

émulgent, -e, adj., (anat.) emulgent.

émulsi-f, -ve, adj., emulsive.

émulsion, n.f., emulsion.

émulsionner, v.a., to mix an emulsion with.

émyde, n.f., marsh-tortoise.

en, prep., in, into, within, on, to, at, like, in the form of, as a, out of, by, for. Je l’ai mise — pension; I have sent her to a boarding-school. — haut; above, upstairs. — bas; below, downstairs. — avant; forward. — arrière; backward, behind. — dedans; within. — dehors; without. Aller — France; to go to France. En tout temps; at all times. — hiver; in winter. Être — bonne santé; to be in good health. — nourrice; out at nurse. — prière; at prayers. Vivre — roi; to live like a king. Agir — furieux; to act as a madman. Être — robe de chambre; to be in one’s dressing-gown. — dépit de lui; in spite of him. De plus — plus; more and more. Voir — songe; to see in a dream. Il l’aborda — riant; he came up to her with a smile. — passant; by the way. — colère; in a passion. — guerre; at war. — paix; at peace. Tomber — décadence; to fall into decay. — trois jours; in three days. Être — ville; to be out.

en, pron., m.f. sing. and pl., of him, of her, of it, its, of them, their; from him, from her, from it, from them; by him, by her, by it, by them; about him, about her, about it, about them; thence, from thence; some of it, any. Avez-vous de l’argent? have you any money? J’— ai; I have some. Vous — parlez toujours; you are always speaking of him, of it. Il — est mort un; one of them is dead. J’— suis bien aise; I am very glad of it. J’— suis fâché; I am sorry for it. J’— suis surpris; I wonder at it. Qu’— dites-vous? what do you say to it? Je n’— ai point; I have none. — voulez-vous? will you have any? Donnez m’—; give me some. C’est un bœuf, j’— vois les cornes; it is an ox, I see its horns. Si vous voulez voir de beaux tableaux, il — a; if you wish to see fine pictures, he has some. Il — est des femmes comme des enfants; it is with women as with children. Il — est de cela comme de la plupart des choses; it is with that as with most other things. Après cela ils — vinrent aux mains; after that they came to blows. — vouloir à quelqu’un; to have a grudge against any one. S’— aller; to go away. S’— retourner; to return. C’— est fait; it is all over. Il s’— faut de beaucoup; you are a long way off. Il ne sait où il — est; he knows not how far he has got. Il — tient; he is caught. Voulez-vous — être? will you make one of us? Parlez-lui-—; speak to him of it. Il veut — découdre; he wants to fight it out.

énallage, n.f., (gram.) enallage.

s’énamourer, v.r., to fall in love (with).

énarrer, v.a., to relate in detail.

enarrhement, n.m. V. arrhement.

enarrher, v.a. V. arrher.

énarthrose, n.f., (anat.) enarthrosis.

en-belle, n.f., (nav.) direct fire. adj., direct. adv., directly, fairly.

encablure, n.f., (nav.) cable’s length.

encadré, -e, part., framed.

encadrement, n.m., framing, frame; (mil.) enlistment.

encadrer, v.a., to frame, to encircle; to introduce, to insert. Faire — un tableau; to have a picture framed. S’—, v.r., to be introduced, inserted, inclosed; to fit in.

encadreur, n.m., picture-frame maker.

encager, v.a., to cage, to put in a cage.

encaissage, n.m., incasing; (hort.) tubbing.

encaisse, n.f., (fin., com.) cash in hand, cash-balance, metallic reserve.

encaissé, -e, part., incased; embanked, sunk, hollow. Cette rivière est —e; that river flows between high banks.

encaissement (ān-kès-mān), n.m., packing in cases; packing; putting in boxes; embankment; (fin.) collection. Sauf —; when paid, if paid.

encaisser, v.a., to incase, to pack; to put in a box; to embank; to collect; to encash, to receive; (fin.) to collect; to lay down a bed (to roads).

encan, n.m., auction, public sale. Vente à l’—; sale by public auction. Mettre a l’—; to put up for sale. Vendre à l’—; to sell by auction.

*encanailler, v.a., to degrade; to lower by mixing with low company.

*s’encanailler, v.r., to keep low company; to lose caste. Gardez-vous de vous encanailler; beware of keeping low company.

encapuchonné, -e, part., cowled, hooded.

encapuchonner, v.a., to put on a cowl.

s’encapuchonner, v.r., to wear a cowl; to put on a cowl; (man.) to arch the neck (of horses).

encaquement, n.m., packing; barreling.

encaquer, v.a., to barrel; to cram full up.

encaqueu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., packer.

encarter, v.a., (print.) to insert as a cancel.

s’encarter, v.r., to be inserted as a cancel.

en-cas, n.m., (—) sunshade (large enough to be used as an umbrella); collation kept ready in case of need.

encastelé, -e, adj., hoof-bound (of a horse).

s’encasteler, v.r., to be hoof-bound.

encastelure, n.f., contracted heels.

encastrement, n.m., fitting; fitting in.

encastrer, v.a., to fit, to fit in.

s’encastrer, v.r., to fit, to fit in.

encaustique, n.f. and adj., (paint.) encaustic, furniture-paste.

encavement (ān-kav-mān), n.m., storing (in cellar).

encaver, v.a., to put or store in a cellar.

encaveur, n.m., cellar-man.

enceindre, v.a., to inclose, to encircle, to encompass, to surround. — de murailles; to inclose with walls.

enceinte, adj.f., pregnant; with child; enceinte.

enceinte, n.f., circuit, circumference; inclosure, precincts; place; (fort.) enceinte. Mur d’—; inclosure wall. Mur d’— continue; wall of circumvallation. Dans cette —; within these walls.

encens, n.m., incense, frankincense; fragrance; homage; praise; flattery. Brûler de l’— sur les autels; to burn incense on the altars. Donner de l’— à quelqu’un; to flatter any one.

encensement (an-sāns-mān), n.m., incensing; praising, praise; flattery.

encenser, v.a., to incense, to perfume with frankincense; to flatter, to pay homage to.

encenseur, n.m., burner of incense; flatterer.

encensier, n.m., rosemary.

encensoir, n.m., censer, perfuming-pan; (astron.) Ara; (fig.) ecclesiastical power. Mettre la main à l’—; to meddle with ecclesiastical affairs. Donner de l’— par le nez, casser le nez à coups d’—; to flatter fulsomely.

encéphale, n.m., encephalon (brain).

encéphalique, adj., (anat.) encephalic.

encéphalite, n.f., inflammation of the brain.

encéphalocèle, n.f., encephalocele, hernia of the brain.

enchaînement (ān-shèn-mān), n.m., chaining, linking; concatenation, chain, series, connection.

enchaîner, v.a., to chain up, to chain, to bind in chains, to chain down, to detain, to restrain; to captivate; to link, to connect.

s’enchaîner, v.r., to link, to be connected.

enchaînure, n.f., (tech.) chain; chain-work; connection.

enchanteler (ān-shān-tlé), v.a., to arrange timber in a yard; to set (casks) on gawntrees.

enchantement (ān-shān-tmān), n.m., enchantment, charm, delight; magic, witchcraft. Par —; by enchantment. Il est dans l’—; he is delighted.

enchanter, v.a., to enchant, to bewitch, to fascinate, to charm, to gratify. Je suis enchanté de vous voir; I am delighted to see you.

enchante-ur, -resse, n. and adj., enchanter, enchantress, bewitcher, charmer, enchanting, bewitching. Voix —resse; enchanting voice.

enchaper, v.a., to hook, to fasten; to case, to inclose one cask in another.

enchaperonner, v.a., to hood (a hawk).

encharner, v.a., to put hinges to.

enchâsser, v.a., to enchase, to enshrine; to insert; to introduce; to set. — dans de l’or; to set in gold. — un diamant; to set a diamond. — une anecdote dans un discours; to introduce an anecdote into a speech.

enchâssure, n.f., setting; insertion; introduction.

enchausser, v.a., (gard.) to earth up.

enchaux, n.m., lime-wash.

enchère, n.f., bidding (at an auction); auction. Vente à l’—, aux —s; sale by auction. Couvrir une —; to make a higher bid. Vendre à l’—, aux —s; to sell by auction. Folle —; bidding for what one cannot pay. Mettre aux —s; to bring to the hammer; to put up to auction. Payer la folle —; to pay dear for one’s rashness. Il est à l’—; he is to be bought by the highest bidder. — au rabais; a Dutch auction.

enchérir, v.a., to bid for, to outbid, to overbid; to raise (prices).

enchérir, v.n., to bid, to outbid; (fig.) to surpass, to outdo, to go further; to rise (in price). La volaille a enchéri; poultry has risen in price.

enchérissement (-ris-mān), n.m., rise, increase, advance in price.

enchérisseur, n.m., bidder (at an auction).

enchevalement, n.m., propping, underpinning (of a house).

enchevauchure, n.f., (tech.) lapping over.

enchevêtré, -e, part., entangled; confused; in a tangle, mixed up.

enchevêtrement, n.m., entanglement; confusion.

enchevêtrer, v.a., to halter; to entangle, to confuse.

s’enchevêtrer, v.r., to get a foot entangled in the halter; to get entangled; to get confused, embarrassed.

enchevêtrure, n.f., (carp.) binding; (vet.) halter-cast.

enchifrené, -e, part., stuffed up (of the nose). Je suis tout —; my nose is all stuffed up.

enchifrènement (-èn-mān), n.m., stuffing up (of the nose); snuffles.

s’enchifrener, v.r., to get a cold in the head.

enchiridion (-ki-), n.m., (antiq.) manual, enchiridion.

enchymose (-ki-), n.f., (med.) cutaneous hyperæmia.

enclave, n.f., piece of inclosed land; boundary, limit; recess (of a lock on a river).

enclavé, -e, part., inclosed.

enclavement (an-klav-mān), n.m., inclosing.

enclaver, v.a., to inclose; to hem in, to wedge in.

s’enclaver, v.r., to be inclosed (in other land).

enclin, -e, adj., inclined, prone, addicted, apt, given to.

encliquetage, n.m., (tech.) catch.

encliqueter, v.a., to cog with a catch.

enclitique, n.f., (gram.) enclitic.

encloîtrer, v.a., to cloister.

enclore, v.a., to inclose, to fence or take in.

enclos, n.m., inclosure, close; paddock, orchard.

enclouage, n.m., spiking.

enclouer, v.a., to prick animals (in shoeing); to spike (a gun).

enclouure, n.f., prick (in shoeing, etc.); difficulty, obstacle, hitch.

enclume, n.f., anvil; (anat.) incus. Billot d’—; anvil-block. Être entre le marteau et l’—; to be between the devil and the deep sea. Remettre sur l’—; to remodel. Il frappe toujours sur la même —; he is always harping on the same string.

enclumeau or enclumot, n.m., hand-anvil.

encoche, n.f., notch (on a tally, etc.).

encocher, v.a., to notch. — une flèche; to fit an arrow in the bow.

encoffrer, v.n., to put in a coffer; to lay up; to bag, to cage, to quod.

*encoignure or encognure (an-ko-gnur), n.f., corner; angle (of a street); corner-piece.

encollage, n.m., sizing.

encoller, v.a., to size.

encolure, n.f., neck and shoulders of a horse; (b.s.) appearance, looks (of a person).

encombrant, adj., bulky, cumbering, encumbering, cumbersome.

encombre, n.m., accident, impediment, hindrance, obstacle.

encombrement, n.m., obstruction, stoppage; crowding, crowd.

encombrer, v.a., to obstruct, to encumber, to embarrass, to block up; to throng.

à l’encontre, prep., counter, against. Aller à l’— de quelque chose; to run counter to a thing.

encorbellement (-bèl-mān), n.m., (arch.) corbeling, projecting.

encore, adv., yet, still, more, again; once more; further; moreover; besides, however. Il n’est pas — venu; he is not yet come. À sept heures j’attendais —; at seven o’clock I was still waiting. —? what, again? Outre l’argent, on lui donna — un cheval; besides the money, he had, moreover, a horse given him. — s’il voulait m’envoyer dire; if, only, he would send me word. Vous servez-vous — de ce livre? are you still using that book? Il est — plus riche que son frère; he is still richer than his brother. Quoi —? what else? — moins; still less. Prenez — un verre de vin; take another glass of wine. — une fois je vous dis; I tell you once more. Hier —; only yesterday.

encore, conj., even, yet. — que; though, although.

encorné, -e, adj., horned, tossed.

encorner, v.a., to horn; to gore; to toss.

encourageant, -e, adj., encouraging, cheering, inspiriting.

encouragement (-raj-mān), n.m., encouragement, incitement, incentive; countenance, support.

encourager, v.a., to encourage, to stimulate; to contenance, to support, to be a promoter of.

s’encourager, v.r., to encourage each other.

encourir, v.a., to incur, to draw down upon one’s self, to fall under. — le mépris de tout le monde; to draw down general contempt upon one’s self.

encouture, n.f., (nav.) clincher-work.

encrage, n.m., (print.) inking.

encrassement, n.m., fouling (of fire-arms).

encrasser, v.a., to make dirty, to dirty; to foul.

s’encrasser, v.r., to get foul or greasy, to become dirty; to lower one’s self; to become foul.

encre, n.f., ink. — à écrire; writing ink. — d’imprimerie; printing ink. — de Chine; Indian ink. C’est la bouteille à l’—; there’s no seeing through that. Tacher d’—; to ink. Ecrire de bonne — à quelqu’un; to write in strong terms to any one. Être dans la bouteille à l’—; to be in the secret.

encrêper, v.a., to cover with crape.

s’encrêper, v.r., to put on crape.

encrer, v.a., (print.) to ink. v.n., to take the ink.

encrier, n.m., inkstand, ink-horn; (print.) ink-trough. Table d’—; (print.) ink-table.

encroué, adj., entangled (of trees).

encroûté, -e, part., covered with a crust; rusty; full of prejudices.

encroûter, v.a., to crust; to plaster a wall.

s’encroûter, v.r., to crust, to get hard, to become heavy; to become stupid, rusty.

encuirasser, v.a., to cover with a cuirass.

s’encuirasser, v.r., to put on one’s cuirass; to get covered with dirt; to become hardened.

enculasser, v.a., to breech (a gun).

encuvement (ān-kuv-mān), encuvage, n.m., tubbing.

encuver, v.a., to put into a vat, to tub.

encyclique, n.f. and adj., encyclical letter; encyclical.

encyclopédie, n.f., encyclopædia.

encyclopédique, adj., encyclopedic.

encyclopédiste, n.m., encyclopedist.

endécagone, n.m. and adj., (geom.) hendecagon.

endémique, adj., endemical, endemic.

endenté, -e, adj., indented; furnished with teeth.

endenter, v.a., (carp.) to indent; to cog, to tooth, to supply with teeth.

endetter, v.a., to cause to run into debt; to get a person into debt.

s’endetter, v.r., to run into debt, to contract debts.

endêvé, -e, n. and adj., (fam., l.u.) irritable, passionate person; impatient, irritable, passionate.

endêver, v.n., to fume, to be vexed. Faire — quelqu’un; to vex any one; to drive any one mad.

endiablé, -e, adj., possessed; devilish; wicked, horrible.

endiablé, n.m., -e, n.f., person possessed. C’est un —; he is like one possessed.

endiabler, v.n., to be furious. Faire —; to torment, to plague to death; to render furious.

endiguement, endigage, n.m., damming in; damming up.

endiguer (-ghé), v.a., to dam in; to dam up; to embank.

endimanché, -e, adj., dressed in Sunday best; with all one’s finery on.

s’endimancher, v.r., to put on one’s Sunday clothes.

endive, n.f., endive.

endoctriner, v.a., to indoctrinate, to teach; to give his cue (to any one).

endoctrineur, n.m., teacher; prompter.

endolori, -e, adj., painful, aching, sore.

s’endolorir, v.r., to make sore, tender; to ache, to become sore.

endolorissement, n.m., pain, aching, soreness.

endommagement (-maj-mān), n.m., loss, injury.

endommager, v.a., to damage, to injure.

s’endommager, v.r., to be damaged; to become deteriorated.

endormeur, n.m., cajoler, wheedler, flatterer, coaxer.

endormi, -e, part., asleep, sleeping; sleepy, drowsy, sluggish; benumbed. J’ai la jambe —e; my leg is benumbed.

endormi, n.m., -e, n.f., sleepy person; sleepy head; person asleep. Faire l’—; to sham sleep.

endormir, v.a., to lull asleep, to send to sleep; to rock to sleep; to wheedle, to amuse, to deceive; to benumb, to lull. Endormez cet enfant; rock that child to sleep. Sa conversation vous endort; his conversation sends you to sleep. Cela m’a endormi la jambe; that has benumbed my leg.

s’endormir, v.r., to fall asleep, to go to sleep, to slumber; to be lulled into security. S’— du sommeil de la tombe; to sleep the sleep of death. S’— dans le vice; to be steeped in vice. Il s’est endormi sur cette affaire; he was wanting in vigilance in that business. S’— sur le rôti; to let slip the favorable opportunity.

endos, n.m., (com.) endorsement.

endosmose, n.f., (phys.) endosmose.

endosse, n.f., (fam.) trouble; burden.

endossement (ān-dôsmān), n.m., (com.) endorsement. V. endos, which is more frequently used.

endosser, v.a., to put on one’s back; to buckle on; to put on; to don; to saddle; (com.) to indorse. — une lettre de change; to indorse a bill of exchange. — le harnais; to put on the harness.

endosseur, n.m., (com.) indorser.

endroit, n.m., place, spot, part, passage; point; right side (of a stuff). Son plus bel —; any one’s, any thing’s, best side. — faible; weak point. — sensible; sensitive point. À l’— de; with regard, or with respect, to. À deux —s; reversible (of stuffs).

enduire (enduisant, enduit), v.a., to do over, to lay over, to coat, to smear. — une muraille de plâtre; to do a wall over with plaster.

enduit, n.m., coat, coating, layer; glaze, glazing; varnish; polish.

endurant, -e, adj., patient, enduring; tolerant. Peu —; impatient of injury.

endurci, -e, part., hardened, obdurate, inured, callous. Un cheval — aux coups; a horse inured to blows. Pécheur —; hardened sinner.

endurci, n.m., -e, n.f., hardened sinner.

endurcir, v.a., to harden, to make hard, to toughen, to inure; to render obdurate, to steel; to indurate; to render callous. Le travail endurcit le corps; labor hardens the body. L’avarice avait endurci son cœur; avarice had steeled his heart.

s’endurcir, v.r., to harden; to grow hard; to be steeled; to become callous; to indurate.

endurcissement (-sis-mān), n.m., hardness; hardness of heart, obduracy; callousness.

endurer, v.a., to endure, to bear; to suffer, to undergo; to allow, to put up with, to permit.

énéide, n.f., Eneid, Æneid.

énéorème, n.m., (med.) eneorema.

énergie, n.f., force, energy, strength, force, vigor, power. Avec —; with energy. Sans —; of no energy.

énergique, adj., energetic, energetical, strong, vigorous, forcible. Remède —; powerful remedy.

énergiquement (-jik-mān), adv., energetically, vigorously, strenuously.

énergumène, n.m.f., demoniac; fanatic; desperado.

énervation, n.f., or énervement, n.m., enervation.

énerver, v.a., to enervate, to unnerve.

s’énerver, v.r., to become enervated or unnerved.

enfaîteau, n.m., (mas.) ridge-tile, gutter-tile.

enfaîtement (ān-fêt-mān), n.m., (arch.) ridge-lead.

enfaîter, v.a., to ridge a house.

enfance, n.f., infancy, childhood; childishness, puerility, dotage; childish action. Première —; earliest infancy. Dès mon —; from my infancy. Sortir de l’—; to emerge from childhood. Être en —; to be in one’s dotage. Tomber en —; to become childish.

enfant, n.m.f., child; infant; native; (jur.) issue. — adoptif; adopted child. L’— prodigue; the prodigal son. L’— à naître; the child unborn. — trouvé; foundling. — naturel; natural child. Un — de famille; a young gentleman. — de la balle; child that follows his father’s profession, or chip of the old block. Un — à la mamelle; an infant at the breast. Un — mort-né; a still-born child. Discours d’—; childish language. — de chœur; chorister. Les —s perdus; (milit.) the forlorn hope. Faire l’—; to play the child; to behave like a child. C’est bien l’— de sa mère; he is a chip of the old block. En travail d’—; in labor. C’est un bon —; he is a good child, he is a good fellow. Les —s de France; the children of the King of France, the children of the eldest son of the King of France. Petits enfants; little children. Petits-enfants; grandchildren.

enfantement (ān-fān-tmān), n.m., childbirth.

enfanter, v.a., to bear, to bring forth; to produce; to beget; to bring to light; to give birth to.

enfantillage, n.m., child’s play, childishness.

enfantin, -e, adj., infantine, childish.

enfariner, v.a., to flour, to sprinkle with flour. Être enfariné de quelque science; to have a smattering of some science. Être enfariné d’une mauvaise doctrine; to be prepossessed in favor of a bad doctrine. Il est venu nous dire cela la gueule enfarinée; (triv.) he came, full of stupid confidence, to tell us that.

enfer (an-fèr), n.m., hell; infernal, or lower, regions. Au fond de l’—; in the depths of hell. Les peines de l’—; the torments of hell. L’— s’est déchaîné contre moi; hell is let loose against me. Tison d’—; hell-hound. Un feu d’—; a scathing fire.

enfermé, n.m., close, confined air. Sentir l’—; to smell close.

enfermer, v.a., to shut, to shut in; to shut up; to lock up; to inclose; to coop up, to conceal; to comprehend, to comprise. C’est un homme à —; that man ought to be confined in a mad-house. — à clef; to keep under lock and key. — un parc de murailles; to wall in a park.

s’enfermer, v.r., to lock one’s self up, to seclude one’s self; to lock, to lock up (of a thing).

enferrer, v.a., to run any one through with a sword, etc.; to transfix.

s’enferrer, v.r., to run one’s self through with a sword, etc.; (fig.) to injure one’s self; to fall into a snare; to get into a fix.

enficeler, v.a., to tie with a string.

enfièvrement, n.m., feverishness.

enfilade, n.f., suite (of chambers); string (of phrases); (milit.) enfilade. D’—; raking (fire).

enfiler, v.a., to thread, to string; to pierce, to run any one through with a sword, etc.; to engage in; to slip on; (milit.) to enfilade. — une aiguille; to thread a needle. — des perles; to string pearls; to lose one’s time. — un discours; to begin a long-winded speech. — un homme; to run a man through the body.

s’enfiler, v.r., to be run through, to be pierced; to get engaged or involved in.

enfileur, n.m., header (in pin-making); prattler; (pop.) cheat, wheedler.

enfin, adv., in fine, finally, at length, in short, after all, at last, lastly.

enflammé, -e, part., on fire, in flames, ignited; kindled.

enflammer, v.a., to set on fire, to fire, to set in a blaze, to kindle; to inflame, to heat; to incense, to provoke.

s’enflammer, v.r., to take fire, to be kindled, to be inflamed, to blaze; to be ablaze; to be incensed; to ignite. On vit tout le vaisseau s’—; they saw the whole ship ablaze or break into flames.

enflé, -e, part., swelled, inflated, puffed up, bloated; (lit.) bombastic, turgid, high-flown.

enfle-bœuf, n.m., golden-beetle.

enflécher, v.n., (nav.) to go up into the shrouds.

enfléchure, n.f., shroud, ratline.

enfler, v.a., to swell, to swell out, to blow out, to bloat; to puff up, to distend, to elate, to excite; to inflate. Le vent enflait nos voiles; the wind swelled our sails.

s’enfler, v.r., to swell, to grow turgid. La voile s’enfle; the sail swells out. S’— d’orgueil; to be puffed up with pride.

enflure, n.f., bloatedness, swelling; (fig.) bombast, turgidness. — du style; turgidness of style.

enfoncé, -e, part., broken open, sunken. Des yeux enfoncés; sunken eyes. —! (pop.) dished! done for!

enfoncement (ān-fons-mān), n.m., sinking, sinking down; breaking in; recess; (paint.) background.

enfoncer, v.a., to sink, to sink to the bottom; to drive in; to break in; to outwit, to surpass; to ruin, to blow up, to dish, to diddle. — un clou dans la muraille; to drive a nail into the wall. — son chapeau; to pull one’s hat over one’s eyes. — un bataillon; to break through a battalion.

s’enfoncer, v.r., to sink, to sink down; to break down; to bury one’s self in; to plunge; to fail, to make a mess of. S’— dans un bois; to dive into a wood. Cet homme s’enfonce dans l’étude; that man buries himself in study. S’— dans la débauche; to plunge into debauchery.

enfoncer, v.n., to sink.

enfonceur, n.m., one who breaks in or through anything; (fig.) cheat, diddler. — de portes ouvertes; braggart.

enfonçure, n.f., cavity, hole, hollow; boards (of a bedstead); bottom pieces (of casks).

enforcir, v.a., to strengthen.

s’enforcir, v.r., to gather strength; to grow stronger.

enforcir, v.n., to gather strength, to get strength.

enformer, v.a., to put on the block; to block (hats).

enfouir, v.a., to hide or bury in the ground, to cover with earth.

enfouissement (ān-foo-is-mān), n.m., burying, hiding in the ground.

enfouisseu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., burier.

enfourcher, v.a., to bestride, to straddle; to pierce with a pitchfork.

enfourchure, n.f., fork, crotch; (hunt.) forked head (of a stag).

enfourner, v.a., to put in the oven. Bien —, mal —; to make a good, a bad, beginning.

enfournée, n.f., putting in the oven or kiln.

s’enfourner, v.r., to get into a difficult road, into a blind alley, into a scrape.

enfreindre (enfreignant, enfreint), v.a., to infringe, to break, to violate. — un traité; to infringe a treaty. — les lois; to transgress the laws.

enfroquer, v.a., (b.s.) to make (any one) turn monk or friar.

s’enfroquer, v.r., (b.s.) to turn monk.

s’enfuir, v.r., to run away, to flee, to take flight, to escape; to run off; to elope; to run out, to leak. Ils s’étaient enfuis de prison; they had made their escape from prison. La bouteille s’enfuit; the bottle leaks.

enfumé, -e, part., smoked, smoky.

enfumer, v.a., to smoke, to fill with smoke, to smoke out. — un renard; to smoke out a fox.

enfutage, n.m., casking.

enfutailler, v.a., to cask, to barrel, to tun.

engagé, n.m., enlisted soldier.

engagé, -e, part., engaged, enlisted; (nav.) in action, water-logged. La clef est —e dans la serrure; the key sticks in the lock. Vaisseau —; water-logged ship.

engageant, -e (-jān-t), adj., engaging, winning, pleasing, taking, winsome. Il a des manières —es; he has winning manners.

engageantes, n.f.pl., short under-sleeves with lace cuffs.

engagement (ān-gaj-mān), n.m., engagement, pledging, pawning; engagement (promise); enlisting; (milit.) bounty; (milit.) action. pl., (com.) liabilities. Entrer dans un —; to enter into an engagement. Manquer à un —; to fail to keep an engagement.

engager, v.a., to pawn, to pledge; to engage, to induce, to invite, to persuade, to urge; (milit.) to enlist; to hire; to bind; (b.s.) to involve; to unite; to compel. — ses meubles; to pledge one’s furniture. Cela ne vous engage à rien; that binds you to nothing. — quelqu’un dans une mauvaise affaire; to entangle any one in a bad business. — le combat; to begin the action. — un soldat; to enlist a soldier. — une clef dans une serrure; to entangle a key in a lock.

s’engager, v.r., to engage one’s self, to be a security, to promise, to take upon one’s self, to undertake, to bind one’s self; to hire one’s self; to enlist; to entangle one’s self, to get involved. S’— pour un ami; to stand security for a friend. S’— dans une mauvaise affaire; to get involved in a bad business. Le combat ne tarda pas à s’—; the battle soon began.

☉engagiste, n.m., tenant (of crown lands).

engaîner, v.a., to sheathe; to case; to put up (of swords).

enganter, v.a., (nav.) to come up with, to overtake, to overreach; to entrap, to cajole, to insnare.

engazonner, v.a., to turf; to cover with turf.

engeance (an-jāns), n.f., breed, brood (animal); (b.s.) race (pers.). Des poules d’une grande —; hens of a large breed. Maudite —; cursed race. Quelle —! what a lot or set!

engeancer, v.a., to embarrass; to saddle (with).

engelure (an-jlur), n.f., chilblain.

engendrer, v.a., to beget, to engender, to generate, to procreate; to breed, to spawn; (fig.) to produce, to give rise, to occasion. Ne pas — la mélancolie; to be of a very gay disposition. Le mauvais air engendre des maladies; bad air breeds diseases. La familiarité engendre le mépris; familiarity begets contempt.

s’engendrer, v.r., to be bred, engendered; to breed, to be produced, generated.

engeoler, v.a. V. enjôler.

engeoleur, n.m. V. enjôleur.

engerber, v.a., to sheaf, to bind, to heap up.

engin, n.m., machine, engine; snare, gin, net; hoist (of a mill).

englober, v.a., to unite; to put, to throw, together.

engloutir, v.a., to swallow up, to devour; to ingulf; to absorb; to dissipate, to squander away; to run through.

s’engloutir, v.r., to be swallowed up, to be ingulfed.

engloutissement, n.m., ingulfing, swallowing up, sinking.

engloutisseu-r, -se, n.m.f. and adj., swallower, devourer; devouring.

engluer, v.a., to lime, to daub with bird-lime; (fig.) to take in.

s’engluer, v.r., to be caught, to stick in bird-lime; to be caught, to be taken in (pers.).

engoncé, -e, adj., awkward, ungainly.

engoncement, n.m., awkward appearance.

engoncer, v.a., to cramp, to disfigure, to give an awkward appearance to.

engorgement, n.m., obstruction, stopping up, congestion.

engorger, v.a., to obstruct, to block up, to choke up, to stop up; (med.) to congest.

s’engorger, v.r., to be obstructed, choked up; (med.) to be congested.

engoué, -e, adj., infatuated with; wrapped up in; obstructed, choked.

engouement or engoûment (ān-goo-mān), n.m., infatuation; (med. vet.) obstruction. On ne saurait le faire revenir de son —; it is impossible to cure him of his infatuation.

engouer, v.a., to obstruct the throat; to infatuate.

s’engouer, v.r., to obstruct one’s throat; to be obstructed; to be infatuated. S’— d’une femme; to be wrapped up in a woman.

engouffrer, v.a., to ingulf, to swallow up.

s’engouffrer, v.r., to be ingulfed; to blow hard; to rush (of the wind in a narrow passage); to run into. Le vent s’engouffre dans la cheminée; the wind rushes into the chimney. Que de fortunes se sont engouffrées dans cette entreprise! how many fortunes have been swallowed up in that enterprise!

engoulé, -e, adj., gobbled up; (her.) engoulee.

engouler, v.a., to swallow up, to gobble up.

engoulevent (ān-gool-vān), n.m., (orni.) fern-owl; goat-sucker.

engourdi, -e, adj., torpid, benumbed, dull.

engourdir, v.a., to benumb, to make torpid; to dull, to make languid, to enervate. Le froid engourdit les mains; cold benumbs one’s hands. L’oisiveté engourdit l’esprit; idleness benumbs the mind.

s’engourdir, v.r., to get benumbed; to become torpid, enervated, enfeebled.

engourdissement (ān-goor-dis-mān), n.m., numbness, torpor, enervation. Avoir un — au bras; to have a numbness in the arm. Tirer quelqu’un de son —; to rouse any one from his torpor.

engrainer, v.a., to feed with grain; to fill the mill-hopper.

engrais, n.m., rich pasture; fatting; manure, soil. Mettre des bœufs à l’—; to put oxen to fatten.

engraissement (ān-grès-mān), n.m., fattening; corpulence.

engraisser, v.a., to fatten, to cram (poultry); to manure. — des bestiaux; to fatten cattle.

engraisser, v.n., to become corpulent; to fatten; to thrive.

s’engraisser, v.r., to fatten, to grow fat, stout; to grow rich; to grow thick or ropy. S’— des misères publiques; to fatten on public misery.

engranger, v.a., (agri.) to get in, to house, to store.

engravement (ān-grav-mān), n.m., (nav.) stranding.

engraver, v.a., to run aground, to strand; (nav.) to place, to hide, things in the ballast.

engraver, v.n., s’—, v.r., (nav.) to get embedded in the sand.

engrêlé, -e, adj., (of lace) purled; (her.) engrailed.

engrêler, v.a., (her.) to engrail; to purl.

engrêlure, n.f., purl; (her.) engrailing.

engrenage, n.m., gear, gearing (mec.). À —; serrated. Roue d’—; brake-wheel.

engrener, v.a., to put corn (in the mill-hopper); to feed with corn; to throw into gear, to engage (mec.).

s’engrener, v.r., to work into each other (of toothed wheels); to be put in gear. Ces roues s’engrènent bien; these wheels work well into each other.

engrener, v.n., to put corn (into the mill-hopper); to work into each other (of toothed wheels); to begin. Il a bien engrené; he has begun well.

engrenure, n.f., toothing, cogging.

engrosser, v.a., (l.ex.) to make pregnant, to get with child. v.n., to be with child.

s’engrumeler, v.r., to clot, to coagulate.

*enguenillé, -e (āng-), part., tattered.

*engueniller, v.a., to clothe in tatters.

*s’engueniller, v.r., to be clothed in tatters.

enhardir, v.a., to embolden, to encourage. Ce succès l’avait enhardi; that success had emboldened him.

s’enhardir, v.r., to make bold, to grow bold. Il s’est enhardi à parler en public; he made bold to speak in public.

enharmonique, adj., (mus.) enharmonic.

enharnachement, n.m., harnessing, trappings.

enharnacher, v.a., to harness; to rig out, to deck out, to accoutre. Vous voilà plaisamment enharnaché; you are oddly accoutred.

enherber, v.a., to turn into pasture land.

énieller, v.a., to clear of corn-cockles.

énigmatique, adj., enigmatical.

énigmatiquement (-tik-mān), adv., enigmatically.

énigme, n.f., enigma, riddle. Deviner une —; to guess a riddle. Vous parlez par —s; you speak in riddles. Proposer une —; to put a riddle. Mot d’une —; answer to a riddle.

enivrant, -e, adj., intoxicating.

enivré, -e, part., intoxicated.

enivrement, n.m., intoxication.

enivrer, v.a., to inebriate, to intoxicate; to elate. La bière enivre comme le vin; beer intoxicates as well as wine. La prospérité nous enivre; prosperity elates us.

s’enivrer, v.r., to get intoxicated; to be elated (with). Il s’est enivré à ce repas; he got intoxicated at that diner. S’— d’espérance; to be elated with hope. S’— de son vin; to drink alone and to excess; to have too good an opinion of one’s self.

enjabler, v.a., to bottom or head (a cask).

enjaler, v.a., (nav.) to stock (an anchor).

enjambée, n.f., stride. Faire de grandes —s; to take long strides.

enjambement (ān-jān-bmān), n.m., (poet.) running of the sense into the next line; overlapping; encroaching.

enjamber, v.n., to stride; to project, to encroach upon; (poet.) to overlap, to encroach.

enjamber, v.a., to stride over, to skip or leap over.

enjaveler (ān-ja-vlé), v.a., (agri.) to sheaf.

enjeu, n.m., stake (at play). Retirer son —; to withdraw one’s stake; to declare off.

enjoindre, v.a., to enjoin, to charge, to direct, to command, to prescribe. Dieu nous enjoint d’observer ses lois; God commands us to observe his laws. Il lui est enjoint de; he is directed to.

enjôlement, n.m., wheedling, coaxing, inveigling.

enjôler, v.a., to coax, to wheedle, to inveigle.

enjôleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., wheedler, coaxer.

enjolivement (-liv-mān), n.m., embellishment, decoration, ornament, set-off, flourish.

enjoliver, v.a., to embellish, to adorn, to set off, to ornament, to beautify.

enjoliveur, n.m., (b.s.) embellisher.

enjolivure, n.f., set-off, ornament, embellishment.

enjoué, -e, adj., playful, sprightly; lively, sportive. Il a l’humeur —e; he is of a playful disposition. Il écrit d’un style —; he writes in a sportive style.

enjouement or enjoûment (ān-joo-mān), n.m., playfulness, sportiveness, sprightliness, liveliness, humor. Avec —; playfully.

enkysté, -e, adj., (med.) encysted.

s’enkyster, v.r., to become encysted.

enlacement (ān-las-mān), n.m., lacing, entwining; interweaving, entanglement.

enlacer, v.a., to lace; to entwine; to twist; to interlace; to clasp; to interweave. — quelqu’un dans ses bras; to clasp in one’s arms.

s’enlacer, v.r., to entwine; to twist; to be interlaced.

enlaidir, v.a., to make ugly, to disfigure.

enlaidir, v.n., to grow ugly, to be disfigured.

enlaidissement (-dis-mān), n.m., ugliness; disfigurement.

enlèvement (ān-lèv-mān), n.m., carrying off; removal; carrying off forcibly, kidnaping; abduction; translation (to heaven); buying up, monopoly. L’— des Sabines; the rape of the Sabines.

enlever, v.a., to lift, to raise; to carry, to carry off; to carry away; to rescue; to pick out; to carry away forcibly, to kidnap; to take off, to clear away, to remove; to sweep off; to charm, to delight, to burn (the mouth). On lui a enlevé sa femme; his wife has been carried off. On lui a enlevé ses meubles; his furniture has been removed. Enlevez cela de dessus la table; take that off the table. — une place; (milit.) to carry a town. — la peau; to flay the skin. La mort l’a enlevé à la fleur de son âge; death carried him off in his prime. — des taches; to take out stains. — tous les prix; to carry off all the prizes. Cela enlève la bouche; that burns the mouth. Enlevé! carried! done! Se faire — par; to elope with.

s’enlever, v.r., to rise, to be lifted; to come off, to peel off; to come out; to go off (of goods on sale); to get into a passion.

enleveur, n.m., kidnaper, abductor, ravisher.

enlier, v.a., (mas.) to bond, to bind (stones).

enlisement, n.m., ingulfing, swallowing up (in sand).

s’enliser, v.r., to be ingulfed, swallowed up.

enluminer, v.a., to color, to illuminate, to flush (the complexion); (lit.) to overload with ornaments. Visage enluminé; flushed or red face.

s’enluminer, v.r., to rouge, to paint. S’— la trogne (triv.); to get a red nose (from drinking).

enlumineu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., map or print colorer; illuminator.

enluminure, n.f., coloring; colored print; tinsel.

ennéagone (è-n-né-), n.m., (geom.) enneagon.

ennéagonal, adj., nonagon, enneagonal.

ennéandrie (è-n-né-), n.f., (bot.) enneandria.

ennemi, n.m., -e, n.f., (è-n-mi), enemy, foe; thing prejudicial. — déclaré; open or avowed enemy. C’est autant de pris sur l’—; it is so much gained from the enemy. Il n’y a pas de petit —; every enemy is to be feared.

ennemi, -e, adj., hostile, inimical; injurious; adverse, contrary, hurtful, prejudicial; (paint.) unfriendly. La fortune —e; adverse fortune. L’armée —e; the enemy.

ennoblir, v.a., to ennoble, to dignify, to exalt.

s’ennoblir, v.r., to be ennobled, exalted. S’— de; to be proud of, to rejoice at.

ennui, n.m., tediousness, weariness; tedium, spleen, vexation, boredom; tiresome thing; nuisance. Quel —! what a nuisance!

ennuyant, -e, adj., annoying, tedious, irksome, tiresome. Cela est fort —; that is very tiresome. Temps —; trying weather.

ennuyer, v.a., to tire, to weary, to be tiresome, to be tedious, to tease, to annoy, to bother, to vex, to bore. Cela m’ennuie; that annoys me. Cela m’ennuie à la mort; that bores me to death.

s’ennuyer, v.r., to be wearied, to have a bad time of it, to tire one’s self, to feel dull, to be bored. Il s’ennuie de tout; he wearies of everything.

ennuyeusement (ān-nui-ieûz-mān), adv., tediously, irksomely.

ennuyeu-x, -se, n. and adj., tiresome person, bore; tedious, wearisome, dull, tiresome; annoying, provoking, vexing. Livre —; dull, tedious book.

énoncé, n.m., statement; (geom.) enunciation, assertion, déclaration, terms.

énoncer, v.a., to state, to express, to declare, to utter, to word, to enunciate.

s’énoncer, v.r., to express one’s self; to be expressed. Il s’énonce bien; he expresses himself well. Il n’a pas le don de s’—; he has not the gift of expressing himself clearly.

énonciati-f, -ve, adj., enunciative, enunciatory.

énonciation, n.f., enunciation, delivery, utterance; statement; expression, wording.

*enorgueillir (ān-nor-ghĕ-yir), v.a., to make proud, to elevate, to puff up.

*s’enorgueillir (ān-nor-ghĕ-yir), v.r., to be, to grow proud of, to be puffed up, to become elated, to glory in, to pride one’s self upon.

énorme, adj., enormous, huge, atrocious, heinous. Crime —; heinous crime.

énormément, adv., enormously, hugely, immensely, beyond measure.

énormité, n.f., enormousness, hugeness, vastness; enormity, atrocity, heinousness.

énouage, n.m., burling, picking.

énouer, v.a., to pick cloth; to burl.

☉enquérant, -e, adj., inquisitive, prying.

s’enquérir (s’enquérant, enquis), v.r., to inquire, to ask, to make inquiries. Il faut s’— de la vérité du fait; we must inquire into the truth of the matter.

enquête, n.f., inquiry, inquest; investigation, examination, commission. — en matière criminelle; criminal investigation. Ordonner une —; to direct an inquiry to be made; to appoint a commission of inquiry.

☉s’enquêter, v.r., to inquire, to care for.

enraciné, -e, adj., rooted, inveterate, deep seated.

enraciner, v.a., to root, to implant. Des préjugés enracinés; inveterate prejudices.

s’enraciner, v.r., to take root, to become rooted. Il ne faut pas laisser s’— les maux; evils must not be allowed to take root.

enragé, -e, part., mad, rabid, desperate, raging, enraged; obstinate, determined. Manger de la vache —e; to know hard times; to undergo great hardships. Un chien —; a mad dog.

enragé, n.m., madman.

enrageant, -e (-jān, -t), adj., vexing, maddening.

enrager, v.n., to be mad, to run mad, to go mad, to be enraged, to fume; to stamp with rage. Faire —; to madden. — contre quelqu’un; to be enraged against any one. Il n’enrage pas pour mentir; he makes light of telling lies.

enraiement or enrayement, n.m., putting on the drag, skidding; locking.

enrayer, v.a., to put spokes to; to skid (a wheel), to put on the drag; to apply the brake; (agri.) to plow the first furrow; (fig.) to stop; to keep down, to moderate, to stem.

enrayer, v.n., to put on the drag, to skid (of a wheel); (fig.) to keep down, to moderate, to check.

enrayure, n.f., drag, skid; lock-chain.

enrégimenter, v.a., to embody, to form into regiments; to enroll.

enregistrable, adj., registrable.

enregistré, -e, adj., registered, recorded.

enregistrement, n.m., registering, registry, entry, enrollment. Faire l’—; to register.

enregistrer, v.a., to register, to enter in a register, to enroll, to record.

enregistreur, n.m., registrar.

enrêner, v.a., to rein in, to tie by the reins.

enrênoire, n.f., peg for tying reins.

enrhumer, v.a., to give a cold to any one. Je suis enrhumé; I have a cold. Être enrhumé du cerveau; to have a cold in the head.

s’enrhumer, v.r., to catch cold.

enrichi, n.m., -e, n.f., upstart.

enrichir, v.a., to enrich, to make rich; to adorn, to embellish; to store. — son esprit; to enrich one’s mind.

s’enrichir, v.r., to enrich one’s self with, to grow rich, to thrive; to be stored. S’— des dépouilles d’autrui; to thrive on the spoils of others.

enrichissement (-shis-mān), n.m., enriching, embellishment, adornment.

enrôlement (ān-rôl-măn), n.m., enlisting, enlistment, enrollment.

enrôler, v.a., to enlist, to enroll.

s’enrôler, v.r., to enroll one’s self, to enlist.

enroué, -e, adj., hoarse, husky.

enrouement or enroûment (ān-roo-mān), n.m., hoarseness, huskiness.

enrouer, v.a., to make hoarse.

s’enrouer, v.r., to become, to get, hoarse, husky.

*enrouiller, v.a., to rust, to make rusty. L’humidité enrouille le fer; damp rusts iron.

s’enrouiller, v.r., to grow, to get rusty.

enroulement (ān-rool-mān), n.m., rolling up; (arch.) scroll.

enrouler, v.a., to roll, to roll up, to twist, to coil.

s’enrouler, v.r., to roll one’s self up; to roll up; to twist round.

enrubanner, v.a., to deck out with ribbons.

s’enrubanner, v.r., to deck one’s self out with ribbons; to adorn one’s self too much.

enrue, n.f., large furrow.

ensablement, n.m., sand-bank; ballasting.

ensabler, v.a., to run aground, to strand; to cover with sand; to ballast.

s’ensabler, v.r., to run aground; to sink in sand; to be blocked up with sand.

ensacher, v.a., to bag.

ensaisinement, n.m., (feudal law) acknowledging a purchaser of land as a tenant.

ensaisiner, v.a., to put in possession of property; (feudal law) to acknowledge a purchaser of land as a tenant.

ensanglanter, v.a., to make bloody, to stain with blood.

enseignable, adj., teachable.

*enseignant, -e, adj., teaching. Corps —; university; body of teachers; staff.

*enseigne, n.f., mark, sign, sign-board; ensign (flag); ☉ensigncy; streamer (flag). n.m., ensign (officer), standard-bearer. — de vaisseau; sub-lieutenant. À bonnes —s; deservedly; on sure grounds. Être logé à même —; to be in the same predicament. À telles —s que; so much so that; as proof. À bon vin point d’—; good wine needs no bush.

*enseignement (ān-sègn-mān), n.m., precept, instruction, teaching, teaching profession; tuition; lesson. ☉pl., (jur.) proof. Il est dans l’—; he is a teacher, a master.

*enseigner, v.a., to teach, to teach how to, to instruct; to show, to inform, to direct to. Enseignez-nous le chemin; show us the way. Enseignez-nous la maison; direct us to the house.

ensellé, -e, adj., saddle-backed.

ensemble, adv., together, conjointly, at the same time. Mêler —; to mix together. Ils ne sont pas bien —; they are not friends.

ensemble, n.m., whole, general effect; mass; uniformity; harmony. Tout cela forme un assez bel —; all that forms a respectable whole. Morceau d’—; a concerted piece of music; part music. Le tout —; the whole, the general effect. Mouvement d’—; combined movement.

ensemencement (āns-māns-mān), n.m., (agri.) sowing.

ensemencer, v.a., to sow. S’—; to be sowed.

enserrer, v.a., ☉to contain, to inclose; to lock up; to encompass, to hem in; (gard.) to put into a greenhouse.

ensevelir (ān-sĕ-vlir), v.a., to shroud, to put in a shroud; to bury; to swallow up, to entomb, to ingulf; to engross; to absorb. — les morts; to bury the dead. Être enseveli dans le chagrin; to be absorbed in grief.

s’ensevelir, v.r., to be buried; to bury one’s self.

ensevelissement (ān-sĕ-vlis-mān), n.m., putting in a shroud; burying, burial.

ensevelisseu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., layer-out.

ensiforme, adj., ensiform, sword-shaped.

ensoleillé, -e, adj., sunny, bathed in sunshine.

ensorceler, v.a., to bewitch. Cette femme l’a ensorcelé; that woman has bewitched him.

ensorceleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., bewitcher. adj., bewitching.

ensorcellement (-sèl-mān), n.m., bewitchment.

ensoufrer, v.a., to dip in brimstone.

ensuite, adv., after, afterwards, then; in the next place; what then? what next? what of that! well! Vous irez là —; you will go there afterwards. — il me dit; then he told me. Et —? what then?

ensuite, prep., after (old). — de cela; after that. — de quoi; after which.

☉ensuivant, adj., following. V. suivant.

s’ensuivre, v.r., to follow, to result, to ensue, to spring, to proceed. Il s’ensuit que vous avez tort; it follows that you are in the wrong. Il ne s’ensuit pas que j’aie tort; it does not follow that I am wrong. De grands malheurs s’ensuivirent; great misfortunes resulted from it. [This verb is only used in the third person, singular and plural.]

entablement, n.m., (arch.) entablature; entablement; tablet.

s’entabler, v.r., (man.) to entable.

entacher, v.a., to taint, to infect; to sully, to tarnish.

*entaille, n.f., notch, gash; (carp.) mortise; groove.

*entailler, v.a., to notch; to cut away.

*entaillure, n.f., notch.

entame, n.f., first cut, first or outside slice (of a loaf).

entamer, v.a., to make an incision, to cut, to make the first cut; to broach, to begin; to break into; (milit.) to break through; (b.s.) to encroach, upon; (b.s.) to impair; to injure; to prevail upon. — la peau; to cut the skin. — un pain; to begin a loaf. — d’un coup de dent; to bite into. — une matière, un sujet; to begin, to broach a subject. — la réputation de quelqu’un; to injure any one’s reputation.

entamure, n.f., cut; first cut; incision; grazing; opening, beginning.

entassement (ān-tas-mān), n.m., heap, accumulation, pile; crowding.

entasser, v.a., to heap, to heap up, to pile up; to hoard, to hoard up; to accumulate; to cram; to huddle, to pack together. — des écus; to hoard up money. Personne entassée; thick-set person.

entasseur, n.m., hoarder, heaper.

ente, n.f., graft, block, tree bearing a graft; (paint.) handle (of a brush).

entement, n.m., grafting; joining.

entendement (ān-tand-mān), n.m., understanding; judgment, head, sense.

entendeur, n.m., hearer, understander. A bon — demi-mot suffit or a bon — salut; a word to the wise is sufficient.

entendre, v.a., to hear; to understand; to know; to expect, to require, to intend; to mean, to think proper. À vous —; according to you. J’ai entendu dire; I heard some people say. Il n’est pire sourd que celui qui ne veut pas —; none so deaf as those who won’t hear. — les témoins; to hear the witnesses. Il entend un peu l’anglais; he understands English a little. — mal; to misunderstand. Entendons-nous; let us come to a right understanding. — à demi-mot; to take the hint. Donner à —; to intimate, to hint. Ne pas — malice; to mean no harm. Il a fait allusion à votre disgrâce, mais sans y — malice; he alluded to your mishap, but he did not mean any harm. — raison; to listen to reason. — raillerie; to take a joke. Il n’entend pas raillerie; he cannot take a joke. Il n’entend pas la raillerie; he is no hand at jokes. — la messe, — les vêpres; to attend mass, vespers. Il entend bien son métier; he knows his trade very well. Cet homme n’entend rien aux affaires; that man knows nothing about business. Qu’entendez-vous par là? what do you mean by that? Chacun fait comme il l’entend; everybody does as he thinks proper.

s’entendre, v.r., to hear one another; to understand one another; to be heard; to be understood; to act in concert with, to have a secret understanding with; to come to an arrangement with; to come to terms with; to agree with, to be on good terms with; to be skillful in; to be a judge of. Le bruit est si grand qu’on ne s’entend pas; there is so much noise that we cannot hear one another speak. Le canon de Waterloo s’entendait à dix lieues du champ de bataille; the cannon of Waterloo were heard at a distance of ten leagues from the field of battle. On l’accuse de s’— avec l’ennemi; he is accused of acting in concert with the enemy. S’— à une chose; to be skillful in a thing. Il ne s’entend pas mal à cela; he is pretty well up in that. S’— en une chose; to understand how to do a thing. Il s’entend en musique; he understands music. Je m’entends bien; I know very well what I mean. Ils s’entendent pour me nuire; they have laid their heads together to injure me. Ils s’entendent comme larrons en foire; they are as thick as thieves. Cela s’entend or cela s’entend bien; let it be understood; of course, as a matter of course, to be sure.

entendre, v.n., to hear, to hear of; to approve of, to consent to; to listen to. — dur; — de corne; to be hard of hearing; to misunderstand. — clair; to be quick of hearing. Ne savoir auquel —; not to know whom to listen to, which to attend to first. Il n’entend pas de cette oreille-là; he is deaf on that side, or he does not see it in that light. J’entends que vous restiez avec moi; I expect you to remain with me.

entendu, -e, adj., heard; understood; agreed; arranged; managed; intelligent, skillful. Un homme bien — aux affaires; a man well up in business matters. Faire l’—; to put on a knowing look. —! all right, agreed. C’est —; that’s a bargain, that’s settled.

enténébrer, v.a., to involve in darkness; to wrap in darkness, in night.

entente, n.f., meaning; skill, judgment, understanding, agreement; harmony. Mots à double —; ambiguous words, with a double meaning. L’— est au diseur; everybody understands his own meaning best. L’— du coloris; skill in coloring.

enter, v.a., to graft, to ingraft. — de nouveau; to regraft. — en écusson; to bud, to ineye.

entérinement (-ri-n-mān), n.m., judicial ratification, confirmation.

entériner, v.a., to ratify, to confirm.

entérique, adj., (med.) enteric.

entérite, n.f., (med.) enteritis.

enterrement (ān-tèr-mān), n.m., burial, funeral, interment. Billet d’—; invitation to a funeral. Être prié à un —; to be invited to a funeral.

enterrer, v.a., to bury, to inter, to inhume; to survive, to eclipse, to surpass; to end, to terminate; to sink (of money). — son secret; to bury one’s secret. Molière a enterré tous ses devanciers; Molière threw all his predecessors into the shade. — la synagogue avec honneur; to terminate an affair with honor.

s’enterrer, v.r., to bury one’s self; to see no company; to go with his head to the ground (of a horse).

enterreur, n.m., burier; (zoöl.) sexton-beetle.

en-tête, n.m., (—-—s) heading; head; headline. — de facture; bill-head.

entêté, -e, n.m.f. and adj., stubborn person; obstinate, wayward, self-willed, stubborn; infatuated. — comme un âne; as stubborn as a mule. Il est — de cette femme; he is infatuated with that woman.

entêtement (ān-tê-tmān), n.m., stubbornness, waywardness; obstinacy; infatuation. Son — le perdra; his stubbornness will be his ruin.

entêter, v.a., to affect the head, to make giddy, to intoxicate; to prepossess, to infatuate, to render vain; to head (pins). Vin qui entête; heady wine. Les louanges nous entêtent; praises are apt to make us conceited.

s’entêter, v.r., to become stubborn, wayward, obstinate; to be infatuated with, to take a strong fancy to, to be bent upon; to do a thing at any price.

entêteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., header (of pins).

enthousiasme, n.m., enthusiasm, rapture, ecstasy.

enthousiasmer, v.a., to enrapture, to render enthusiastic. Il est enthousiasmé de cette musique; he is in raptures with that music.

s’enthousiasmer, v.r., to become enthusiastic; to be in raptures.

enthousiaste, n.m.f., enthusiast.

enthousiaste, adj., enthusiastic.

enthymème, n.m., (log.) enthymeme.

entiché, -e, part., (l.u.) infected (fruit); tainted, marred; infatuated with, wedded to; overfond of, overpartial to. Fruit —; spoiled fruit.

enticher, v.a., to taint, to infect; to infatuate. Vous l’avez entiché de ce système; you have infatuated him with that system.

s’enticher, v.r., to become infected; infatuated with; wedded to. Il s’est entiché de cette femme; that woman has bewitched him.

enti-er, -ère (-tié, -tiè-r), adj., entire, whole, complete, total; obstinate, positive, self-willed; (arith.) integral. Une —e soumission; complete submission. Cheval —; stone-horse, stallion, entire horse. Pain —; whole loaf. Nombre —; (arith.) integer. Il est très —; he is very self-willed or obstinate.

entier (-tié), n.m., entireness; (arith.) integral. En son —; at full length; in full, bodily, wholly.

entièrement (ān-tièr-mān), adv., entirely, wholly. — ruiné; utterly ruined.

entité, n.f., (philos.) entity.

entoilage, n.m., lining; pasting or mounting on canvas.

entoiler, v.a., to line; to mount upon canvas.

entoir, n.m., (hort.) grafting-knife.

entomologie, n.f., entomology.

entomologique, adj., entomological.

entomologiste, n.m., entomologist.

entonnement (ān-to-n-mān), n.m., tunning, barreling, casking.

s’entonner, v.r., (of the wind) to rush into, to blow down. Le vent s’entonne dans la cheminée; the wind blows down the chimney.

entonner, v.a., to tun, to barrel, to put into casks; (mus.) to begin to sing; to intonate, to strike up; to celebrate, to quaff. Il entonne bien; (pop.) he drinks hard. — une chanson à boire; to strike up a drinking song.

entonnerie, n.f., place where beer is barreled.

entonnoir, n.m., funnel; (anat.) funnel. Fleurs en —; funnel-shaped flowers; (fig. and pop.) tippler, hard-drinker, toper.

entorse, n.f., sprain; strain, twist, shock. Il s’est donné une — au pied; he has sprained his foot.

*entortillage, n.m., entanglement, intricacy, obscurity; subterfuge; circumlocution, equivocation; involved or obscure discourse.

*entortillé, -e, part., twined, wound about; twisted; (of style) involved, obscure.

*entortillement, n.m., winding, twining, twisting, entanglement; intricacy, obscurity. L’— d’un serpent; the twisting of a serpent.

*entortiller, v.a., to wrap, to roll round, to wind, to coil; to twist, to distort; to get round, to get the better of. Laissez-moi tranquille, vous m’entortillez; (pop.) leave me alone, you bother me.

s’entortiller, v.r., to twist round, to wind round; to twine.

entour, n.m., [always employed in the plural, save in the adverbial expression: À l’—; around]. —s; environs, adjacent parts; persons around one. Prendre les —s; to gain over to one’s interest the persons around any one.

entourage, n.m., frame; setting, mounting, (of jewelry); confidants, advisers, friends, servants, relations, circle, attendants.

entourer, v.a., to inclose, to surround, to encompass; to hem round. — une ville de murailles; to encompass a town with walls. Entouré de terre; land-locked. — quelqu’un de soins; to lavish attentions upon any one.

entournure, n.f., arm-hole; sloping (of sleeves).

en-tout-cas, n.m., (—) sun-shade.

s’entr’accorder, v.r., to agree together.

s’entr’accuser, v.r., to accuse one another.

entr’acte, n.m., (—-—s) (thea.) interval (between the acts); interlude, intermede. Dans l’—; between the acts. Faire de longs —s; to have long intervals, waits.

s’entr’admirer, v.r., to admire one another.

s’entr’aider, v.r., to help, to aid, one another.

*entrailles, n.f.pl., entrails, bowels, intestines, inward parts; feelings, tenderness, heart; pity. Elle a pour moi des — de mère; she has a motherly affection for me. Cet acteur a des —s; this actor has feeling.

s’entr’aimer, v.r., to love one another.

entrain, n.m., warmth; heartiness; spirit, spirits; animation; life; go.

entraînant, -e, adj., that carries away, captivating, inspiriting, seductive. Un style —; a captivating style. Eloquence —e; winning eloquence.

entraînement (ān-trè-n-mān), n.m., impulse, sway, prevalence; rapture, enthusiasm; temptation, allurement; training (of horses for races).

entraîner, v.a., to carry away, to sweep off; to hurry away, to hurry along; to draw, to drag after, to bring, to win, to gain, over; to drag away, along; to entail, to involve; to train (race-horses). — les cœurs; to win all hearts. — quelqu’un dans l’erreur; to lead any one into error. La guerre entraîne après elle bien des maux; war drags after it many evils.

entraîneur, n.m., horse-trainer.

entrait, n.m., (carp.) tie-beam.

entrant, -e, adj., ingoing, incoming, insinuating; entering office. Les conseillers —s; the newly appointed councilors.

entrant, n., person coming in. Les —s et les sortants; the outgoers and incomers.

s’entr’appeler, v.r., to call one another.

entrave, n.f., clog, hindrance, obstacle, impediment, shackle, fetter. pl., horse-lock; trammels, fetters.

entraver, v.a., to shackle, to clog; to fetter, to trammel; to hinder, to impede, to thwart. — un cheval; to shackle a horse.

entravon, n.m., cutting-boot (on a horse’s fetlock).

s’entr’avertir, v.r., to give one another notice, to warn one another.

entre, prep., between, betwixt; among, amongst, with; in, of, into. — le ciel et la terre; between heaven and earth. Regarder quelqu’un — les deux yeux; to stare at any one. Être — deux vins; to be half seas over. — chien et loup; between lights, at dusk. Ils résolurent — eux; they resolved among themselves. — autres; among others. Je le mettrai — vos mains; I will deliver it into your hands. Cela soit dit — nous; that is between ourselves.

entre-bâillé, -e, adj., ajar, half open.

*entre-bâillement, n.m., part-opening.

*entre-bâiller, v.a., to half open.

s’entre-baiser, v.r., to kiss one another.

s’entre-battre, v.r., to beat one another, to fight together.

s’entre-blesser, v.r., to wound one another.

entrechat, n.m., (dancing) caper, entrechat.

s’entre-chercher, v.r., to seek one another, to look for one another.

entrechoquement, n.m., clash; clashing; conflict.

s’entre-choquer, v.r., to knock, to clash, to beat, to dash, against one another; to interfere, to thwart each other.

s’entre-clore, v.r., to half-close.

entre-colonne, n.f., (—-—s) or entre-colonnement, n.m., (—-—s) (arch.) intercolumniation.

s’entre-connaître, v.r., to know each other.

entrecôte, n.m., (cook.) piece off the ribs.

s’entrecouder, v.r., to elbow one another.

entre-coupe, n.f., (—-—s), (arch.) turning-space.

entrecoupement, n.m., intersection; cutting; crossing; faltering.

entrecoupé, -e, part., broken (of words).

entrecouper, v.a., to traverse, to cross, to intersect; to stop, to interrupt, to break off.

s’entrecouper, v.r., to cut or cross one another; to interrupt one another; to intersect; (vet.) to hit or chafe one leg against the other.

entrecroisement, n.m., intersection, crossing.

s’entre-croiser, v.r., to cross one another, to intersect.

s’entre-déchirer, v.r., to tear one another to pieces.

s’entre-défaire, v.r., to defeat one another.

s’entre-détruire, v.r., to destroy one another.

entre-deux, n.m., (—) intermediate space; partition; cut; (cook.) middle pier-piece (of a cod); insertion (lace); (nav.) trough of the sea.

entre-deux, adv., (l.u.) betwixt and between.

s’entre-dévorer, v.r., to devour one another; to ruin one another.

s’entre-dire, v.r., to tell one another. S’— des injures; to call one another names.

s’entre-donner, v.r., to give one another.

entrée, n.f., entry, entrance; mouth; entering, coming in; reception; beginning; introduction, inlet; (cook.) first-course, side-dish; admission-money, entrance-money; custom-duty; entrée (dancing). L’— d’un port; the mouth of a harbor. — et sortie d’un acteur; entrance and exit of an actor. Avoir ses —s; to have free admission or access to, to be on the free-list of a theatre. Droit d’—; custom-duty. Payer l’—; to pay a town-due; (custom-house) to pay duty. Tuyau d’—; (tech.) inlet-pipe. ☉D’—; at first, at the first.

s’entre-fâcher, v.r., to anger one another.

entrefaites, n.f.pl., interval, meantime. Dans ces —, Sur ces —; meanwhile.

entre-filet, n.m., a short paragraph, note.

s’entre-fouetter, v.r., to whip or lash one another.

s’entre-frapper, v.r., to strike one another.

entregent, n.m., (fam.) shrewdness, address, tact. Cet homme fera son chemin, il a de l’—; that man will get on, he possesses tact.

s’entr’égorger, v.r., to cut each other’s throat; to kill one another.

s’entre-haïr, v.r., to hate each other.

s’entre-heurter, v.r., to knock or beat one against the other.

entre-jambes, n.m., fork; knee-hole.

entrelacement (-las-mān), n.m., interweaving, wreathing, blending, intertwining.

entrelacer, v.a., to interlace, to intertwine, to interweave, to wreathe, to weave, to braid; to plash; to wattle. Des branches entrelacées; interwoven branches.

s’entrelacer, v.r., to entwine, to twist, to wreathe.

entrelacs (-lâ), n.m., ciphers; flourishes; interlaced ornaments; (arch., paint.) twine.

entrelardé, -e, part., interlarded, streaky.

entrelarder, v.a., to interlard; to insert between.

entre-large, adj., (com.) of middle width.

*entre-ligne, n.m., (—-—s) space between lines, interlineation; (print.) space-line, lead.

s’entre-louer, v.r., to praise one another, to laud one another.

entre-luire, v.n., to glimmer.

s’entremanger, v.r., to eat one another.

entremêlement, n.m., intermixing; intermixture.

entremêler, v.a., to intermingle, to intermix.

s’entremêler, v.r., to intermingle, to intermix; to meddle. Des nuances qui s’entremêlent; shades (of color) which are blended together.

s’entre-mesurer, v.r., to measure each other.

entremets (-mè), n.m., (cook.) side-dish, entremets.

entremetteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., go-between, manager, mediator; procurer; procuress.

s’entremettre, v.r., to interpose, to interfere, to intermeddle, to meddle.

entremise, n.f., interposition, mediation, intervention, interference; medium, agency; (nav.) carling. Par l’— de la presse; through the medium of the press. Par son —; thanks to him.

s’entre-mordre, v.r., to bite one another.

s’entr’empêcher, v.r., to hinder, to thwart, one another.

entre-nœud, n.m., (—-—s) (bot.) internode.

entrenouer, v.a., to interknot.

s’entre-nuire, v.r., to hurt one another, to injure each other.

s’entre-pardonner, v.r., to pardon one another.

s’entre-parler, v.r., to speak to one another, to talk together.

entrepas, n.m., (man.) amble, ambling pace.

s’entre-percer, v.r., to run each other through, to pierce each other.

*s’entre-piller, v.r., to plunder one another.

*entre-pointillé, -e, adj., (engr.) composed of line and dotted engraving.

entrepont, n.m., (nav.) between decks, orlop deck. Dans les —; between decks.

entreposage, n.m., bonding, warehousing.

entreposer, v.a., to bond, to put in bond; to store, to warehouse.

entreposeur, n.m., bonded-warehouse-keeper; warehouse-keeper.

entrepositaire, n.m., bonder.

entrepôt, n.m., mart, free port, emporium; bond; bonded warehouse; store. — fictif; town warehouse. — réel; king’s warehouse, queen’s warehouse, bonded warehouse. Mutation d’—; removal to another warehouse; removal of bonded goods. Port à l’—; bonded port; warehousing port. En —; in bond. Faire une mutation d’—; to remove goods to another warehouse. Mettre en —; to bond. Réintégrer dans l’—; to rewarehouse.

s’entre-pousser, v.r., to push each other.

entreprenable, adj., undertakable.

entreprenant, -e, adj., enterprising, adventurous, venturesome; daring, bold, pushing, encroaching.

entreprendre, v.a., to undertake, to attempt, to take in hand, to take upon one’s self; to contract for, to contract to; to adventure, to offer, to venture; to trouble. — quelqu’un; to set on any one, to fall foul of any one, to banter or jeer any one.

entreprendre, v.n., to encroach on, to infringe upon; to undertake.

entrepreneur, n.m., master-builder; contractor. — de diligences; coach proprietor. — de maçonnerie; master-mason. — de pompes funèbres; undertaker.

entrepreneuse, n.f., maker.

entrepris, -e, adj., crippled, impotent; disconcerted. Il est — d’un bras; he has lost the use of an arm.

entreprise, n.f., enterprise, undertaking, attempt, venture; usurpation, violence; contract; (com.) concern, establishment, company. À —; by contract. Par —; by contract. Ouvrage à l’—; work by contract. — par masse de travaux; contract by the lump. Il échoue dans ses —s; he fails in his undertakings. — générale des messageries; general coach and conveyance office. Tenter l’—; to make the attempt.

s’entre-produire, v.r., to produce each other.

s’entre-quereller, v.r., to quarrel with each other.

entrer, v.n., to enter, to come in, to go in, to get in, to walk in, to march in, to drop in, to step in; to pierce, to run into; (astron.) to house; (nav.) to let in; to enter (book-keeping). — bien avant; to penetrate far. — une seconde fois; to re-enter. Faire —; to show in, to usher in, to send in. Faire — un vaisseau dans un bassin; to dock a ship. — dans le monde; to go out into the world or into society. — en possession; to take possession. — au service de quelqu’un; to enter any one’s service. — en maison; to go into service. — en religion; to become a monk or a nun. — dans sa vingtième année; to enter on one’s twentieth year. — en jeu; to come into play. Vous n’entrez pas dans ma pensée; you mistake my meaning. — dans les intérêts de quelqu’un; to side with any one. — dans les goûts; to be of any one’s taste. — en danse; to begin to dance. Faire — quelque chose dans un discours; to introduce something into a speech. Il y entre pour un cinquième; he has a fifth share in the enterprise. Cet article n’entre pour rien dans mes demandes; this article has nothing to do with my demands. On ne saurait lui rien faire — dans la tête; there is no driving anything into his head. On n’entre pas ici; no admittance here.

entre-rails, n.m., (rail.) gauge, four-foot way.

s’entre-regarder, v.r., to look at, to stare at one another.

s’entre-regretter, v.r., to regret each other.

s’entre-répondre, v.r., to answer one another.

entre-sabords, n.m., (nav.) between ports.

s’entre-saluer, v.r., to salute one another.

s’entre-secourir, v.a., to help, to succor, one another.

entresol, n.m., mezzanine, entresol (suite of low rooms between the ground floor and the first floor).

entre-sourcils, n.m., (—) space between the eyebrows.

s’entre-soutenir, v.r., to support one another.

s’entre-souvenir, v.r., to half remember.

s’entre-suivre, v.r., to follow each other, to succeed each other.

*entretaille, n.f., (engr.) interline; (dancing) change of foot.

*s’entre-tailler. V. s’entrecouper (vet.).

*entretaillure, n.f., (vet.) cutting, crepance.

s’entre-talonner, v.r., to tread on each other’s heels; to follow each other closely.

entre-temps, n.m., (—) interval. Dans l’—; meanwhile.

entretenir (ān-trè-tnir), v.a., to hold, to hold together, to keep up; to keep in repair, to keep in good order; to keep, to preserve, to maintain, to support, to feed; to cherish; to converse, to talk with; to entertain. — les chemins; to keep the roads in repair. — la paix; to maintain peace.

s’entretenir, v.r., to hold together, to keep up; to be sustained, to be maintained, to be supported, to be kept up; to maintain, to keep, to support one’s self; to subsist; to converse with, to discourse with, to commune with, to talk to. S’— avec quelqu’un; to talk with any one. S’— par lettres; to converse by letters. S’— de quelqu’un; to speak of any one. Il s’entretient du jeu; he lives by gambling. S’— avec soi-même; to meditate, to reflect.

entretenu, -e, part. of entretenir. Femme —e; kept woman, mistress.

entretien (-ti-in), n.m., maintenance, keeping, living, livelihood; keeping in repair; conversation, discourse, talk; communication, conference. Faire l’— du public; to be the talk of the parish. Un homme d’un agréable —; a man of agreeable conversation.

entre-tisser, v.a., to interweave.

entre-tissu, -e, adj., interwoven.

entretoile, n.f., insertion; open-work.

entretoise, n.f., (carp.) tie-beam, cross-bar; cross-piece; transom.

s’entre-toucher, v.r., to touch one another.

s’entre-tuer, v.r., to kill each other.

s’entre-vendre, v.r., to sell to each other; to sell each other, to betray each other.

entre-voie, n.f., (—-—s) (rail.) the six-foot way.

entrevoir, v.a., to have or catch a glimpse of, to only just see, to discover a little of; to have an imperfect notion of, to foresee. — quelqu’un; to have a glimpse of any one. J’entrevois de grands obstacles; I foresee great difficulties. Laisser —; to show, to discover, to disclose.

s’entrevoir, v.r., to have a meeting, interview, conference; to see, to visit, each other.

entrevous, n.m., (carp.) interjoist.

entrevoûter, v.a., to plaster between joists.

entrevue, n.f., interview, meeting.

*entr’paillé, -e, adj., (l.ex.) big-bellied.

s’entr’obliger, v.r., to oblige each other.

entr’ouïr, v.a., (l.u.) to hear imperfectly.

entr’ouvert, -e, part., partly open, ajar; gaping, yawning; (man.) strained shoulder.

entr’ouverture, n.f., (vet.) shoulder strain.

entr’ouvrir, v.a., to open a little, to half-open. — une porte; to half-open; to set a door ajar.

s’entr’ouvrir, v.r., to open, to gape, to yawn; to be ajar.

s’entr’user, v.r., to wear each other out.

enture, n.f., (gard.) incision, cut (for grafting).

énumérateur, n.m., enumerator.

énumérati-f, -ve, adj., enumerative.

énumération, n.f., enumeration.

énumérer, v.a., to enumerate, to count, to reckon.

envahir, v.a., to invade, to overrun, to spread over, to overgrow; to encroach upon, to usurp.

envahissant, -e, adj., invading, encroaching.

envahissement (-is-mān), n.m., overrunning, invasion, encroachment, usurpation.

envahisseur, n.m., invader. adj., invading, encroaching; silting (of sand).

envaser, v.a., to fill up, to choke with mud.

s’envaser, v.r., (nav.) to stick fast in the mud; to become filled up and choked with mud; to silt up (of sand, etc.).

enveloppe (ān-vlop), n.f., wrapper, cover, covering; envelope; exterior; disguise; (anat.) coat; casing (of cylinders); tunic (of the eye); (fort.) envelope; (mec.) case, casing; (tech.) cage; (metal.) mold. — de voyage, hold-all. Ecrire sous l’— de quelqu’un; to write under another person’s cover.

enveloppé, -e, part., enveloped, surrounded; ambiguous, equivocal; confused; muddled. Être — dans un désastre; to be involved in a misfortune.

enveloppement (ānv-lop-mān), n.m., enveloping, surrounding; wrapping up, envelopment.

envelopper, v.a., to envelop, to wrap up, to cover, to fold up, to do up, to put up; to muffle; to beset, to inclose, to environ, to hem in, to surround; to involve, to implicate; to disguise. — quelque chose de papier; to wrap anything up in paper. — l’ennemi; to hem in the enemy.

s’envelopper, v.r., to cover or wrap one’s self up, to envelop one’s self, to muffle one’s self up; to involve one’s self.

envenimer, v.a., to poison, to envenom, to irritate, to inflame, to exasperate. — une plaie; to irritate a wound. Il l’a envenimé contre moi; he has exasperated him against me.

s’envenimer, v.r., to be envenomed; to fester, to rankle.

enverger, v.a., to garnish with little willow branches.

enverguer (-ghé), v.a., (nav.) to bend a sail to the yards.

envergure, n.f., unfolding; (nav.) extent of sail upon the yards; length of a yard; spread of a bird’s wings when extended. D’—; from tip to tip.

envers (ān-vèr), prep., towards, to. Je vous défendrai — et contre tous; I will defend you against all men or against the whole world.

envers, n.m., wrong side, reverse side, back. À l’—; on the wrong side; inside out. Il a l’esprit à l’—; he is wrong-headed, crack-brained, beside himself.

à l’envi, adv., in emulation of one another, emulously vying with one another. À l’— l’un de l’autre; in emulation of one another. Ils travaillent à l’— l’un de l’autre; they vie with each other as to who shall work most.

enviable, adj., enviable, to be envied.

envie, n.f., envy, enviousness; wish, desire, longing, hankering, inclination; birth-mark; hangnail. L’— le dévore; he is eaten up with envy. Sécher d’—; to pine away with envy. Faire —; to be tempting. Porter — à quelqu’un; to envy any one. Avoir — de; to have a mind to. J’ai grande — d’aller la voir; I have a great mind to go and see her. — de dormir; sleepiness, drowsiness. On lui en a donné —; they have set him all agog upon it. L’— lui en est passée; his longing is over. Il m’en a ôté l’—; he has put me out of conceit with it. Passer son — de quelque chose; to satisfy one’s longing for anything. Il a une — au visage; he has a birth-mark on his face. Il ne fait — à personne; no one envies him.

envié, -e, part., envied. Il est — de tout le monde; he is envied by everybody.

☉*envieilli, -e, adj., inveterate, long-established, old, of long standing; hardened. V. endurci, invétéré.

☉*envieillir, v.a., to make one look old. V. vieillir.

envier, v.a., to envy, to be envious of, to grudge; to desire, to long for, to wish for. Je ne lui envie point sa bonne fortune; I do not envy him his good fortune.

envieu-x, -se, adj., envious, jealous. Se faire des —; to excite envy.

enviné, -e, adj., smelling of wine. Ce baril est —; that cask smells of wine.

environ, adv., about, nearly, thereabouts.

environnant, -e, adj., surrounding.

environner, v.a., to surround; to stand round; to encompass, to beset; to environ; to encircle, to inclose. — d’une balustrade; to inclose with a rail. Les gardes qui environnaient le prince; the guards who stood round the prince. L’éclat qui l’environne; the splendor which surrounds him.

environs, n.m.pl., environs; vicinity, neighborhood; country round.

envisager, v.a., to look, to stare, in the face, to eye, to face; to consider, to view, to look upon, to look at. — de sang froid le péril; to look danger in the face.

envoi, n.m., sending; thing sent, present, packet, parcel, package, goods forwarded; goods to be forwarded; (lit.) envoy; (nav.) order to put the helm alee. Compléter un —; to make up a parcel. Faire un —; to send off a parcel or package. Lettre d’—; letter of advice.

s’envoiler, v.r., (metal.) to warp, to bend.

envoisiné, -e, adj., surrounded by neighbors.

envoisiner, v.a., to surround with neighbors.

s’envoler, v.r., to fly away, to take wing; to be carried off (by the wind); to disappear, to vanish. L’oiseau s’est envolé; the bird has flown.

envoûtement, n.m., magical charm.

envoûter, v.a., to cast a spell on any one.

envoyé, n.m., envoy; deputy, delegate; messenger. L’— de Dieu; the messenger of God.

envoyer, v.a., to send, to forward, to dispatch; to transmit. Je vous envoie mon domestique; I send you my servant. — chercher; to send for. — au diable, — à tous les diables; to send to the devil. — paître, — promener; to send off, to send about one’s business; to send any one off with a flea in his ear. — dire; to send word. — en prison; to commit to prison. Envoie! (nav.) bout-ship! S’—; to send to each other; to be sent.

envoyeur, n.m., sender. adj.m., (post-office) dispatching. Bureau —; dispatching office.

éolien, -ne, (-li-in, -liè-n), adj., Eolian, Eolic. Harpe —ne; Eolian harp.

éolien, n.m., Eolic (dialect).

éolipyle, n.m., (phys.) æolipile (smoke-driving apparatus).

éolique, adj., Eolic, Eolian.

épacte, n.f., (astron.) epact.

*épagneul, n.m., -e, n.f., spaniel.

épais, -se, adj., thick, big; heavy, dull, gross. Mur — de deux pieds; wall two feet thick. Brouillard —; thick fog. Ignorance —se; gross ignorance. Un homme —; a blockhead. Avoir la langue —se; to speak thick. Des cheveux —; thick hair.

épais, n.m., thickness; thick part.

épais, adv., thick, thickly. Semer —; to sow thick.

épaisseur, n.f., thickness; depth; density; dullness.

épaissir, v.a., to thicken, to make thick.

s’épaissir, v.r., to become thick, to get thick, to grow thick; to become big, to grow large; to become heavy or dull. Sa langue s’épaissit; he is beginning to speak thick.

épaissir, v.n., to thicken, to become thick; to get stout, to grow stout, to become stout.

épaississement (-sis-mān), n.m., thickening, thickness.

épamprage or épamprement, n.m., lopping off; pruning; feeding off (of a corn-field).

épamprer, v.a., to lop off, or to prune, a vine; to feed off.

épanchement (é-pānsh-mān), n.m., pouring out, shedding; overflowing, effusion. — de cœur; opening of one’s heart.

épancher, v.a., to pour out, to spill; to shed; to open. — son cœur; to open one’s heart.

s’épancher, v.r., to be discharged, poured out, to escape; to open one’s heart, to unbosom one’s self.

épanchoir, n.m., outlet, drain.

épandre, v.a., to pour out, to scatter, to strew, to throw here and there. V. répandre.

s’épandre, v.r., to spread out, to be scattered, to flow.

épanorthose, n.f., (rhet.) epanorthosis.

épanoui, -e, adj., blown, full-blown; cheerful, jolly, beaming.

épanouir, v.a., to expand, to smooth, to brighten up, to gladden. — la rate; to make merry, to drive away the spleen.

s’épanouir, v.r., (of flowers) to blow, to expand, to open; to brighten up. Son visage s’épanouit; his face brightened up.

épanouissement (-noo-is-mān), n.m., blowing, opening (of flowers); (bot.) expansion.

éparcet, n.m. V. esparcet, esparcette.

s’éparer, v.r., (man.) to jerk, to fling out; to kick. V. ruer.

*épargnant, -e, adj., sparing, saving, economical; parsimonious.

*épargne, n.f., economy, saving, thrift, sparingness; ☉treasury. — mesquine; shabby saving. Avec —; sparingly. Aller à l’—, user d’—; to save, to be saving. Il vit de ses —s; he lives on his savings. Aller à l’— des mots; to be sparing of words. Caisse d’— or caisse d’— et de prévoyance; savings-bank. Tailler, or graver, en —; (engr.) to reserve.

*épargner, v.a., to save, to lay up, to lay by, to spare, to husband, to economize; to spare (any one). — son bien; to save one’s wealth. On ne lui épargne pas l’argent; they allow him plenty of money. Ne m’épargnez pas; do not spare me.

s’*épargner, v.r., to spare one’s self; to spare one another.

*épargner, v.n., to economize, to be saving, to be sparing. — sur sa toilette; to save in dress.

*éparpillement, n.m., scattering, dispersing, dispersion.

*éparpiller, v.a., to scatter, to strew about, to spread, to throw here and there, to disperse; to fritter away, to squander. — ses troupes; to scatter one’s troops.

épars, -e, adj., scattered, dispersed, straggling, sparse; (of hair) disheveled; thin (of plants).

éparvin or épervin, n.m., (vet.) spavin. — osseux, — sec; blood-spavin; string-halt.

épaté, -e, adj., broad-footed; wide; with the foot broken off (of glasses); flat (of noses); (pop.) amazed, dumfounded.

épatement, n.m., amazement.

épater, v.a., to break the foot off (a glass); to flatten; to widen; (pop.) to amaze, to dumfound.

s’épater, v.r., to sprawl; to get broken (of glass).

épaulard, n.m., (ich.) grampus, ork.

épaule, n.f., shoulder; start (of wheels). Des —s larges; broad shoulders. Hausser les —s; to shrug one’s shoulders. Faire hausser les —s à quelqu’un; to make any one shrug his shoulders. Plier les —s; to put up with. Prêter l’— à quelqu’un; to back up any one. Donner un coup d’— à; to help any one; to give any one a lift. Faire une chose par-dessus l’—; to leave a thing undone; to do a thing over the left. Porter sur les —s; (fig.) to be heartily sick of. Marcher des —s; to slouch. L’— d’un bastion; the flank of a bastion. —s d’un vaisseau; bows of a ship.

épaulée, n.f., push (with the shoulders); (cook.) fore-quarter of mutton without the shoulder. —s; shouldering. Faire une chose par —s; to do a thing by fits and starts.

épaulement (é-pôl-mān), n.m., a shoulder-piece, covert; shoulder; (fort.) epaulement, demi-bastion, breastwork.

épauler, v.a., to break the shoulder, to splay; to help, to back, to countenance, to bring to the shoulder, to prop; to press to the shoulder (of rifles). — des troupes; to cover troops. Bête épaulée; animal with a sprained shoulder; (fig., fam.) a perfect fool; a dishonored woman.

épaulette, n.f., shoulder-strap; shoulder-piece; epaulet. — à gros grains, — à graine d’épinards; (milit.) epaulet with large bullion worn by field and general officers.

épave, adj., (jur.) stray, strayed.

épave, n.f., wreck; (jur.) waif; stray; estray. —s maritimes, —s de mer; wreck, wreckage.

épeautre, n.m.f., spelt, great barley; wheat.

épée, n.f., sword; (fig.) brand, steel; swordsman. Charger l’— à la main; to charge sword in hand. Un homme d’—; a swordsman, a soldier. Mettre l’— à la main; to draw one’s sword. Se battre à l’—; to fight with swords. Passer l’— au travers du corps; to run a man through the body. Presser quelqu’un l’— dans les reins; to press any one close, hard. Une — vierge; a sword that has never been fleshed or drawn. N’avoir que la cape et l’—; to have nothing but one’s nobility; to have no other fortune but one’s sword. Il est brave comme l’— qu’il porte; he is true to the backbone. L’— use le fourreau; the sword wears out the scabbard. C’est un coup d’— dans l’eau; it is beating the air. Passer au fil de l’—; to put to the edge of the sword, to put to the sword. Être, en être, aux —s et aux couteaux; to be at daggers drawn. Jouer de l’— à deux talons; to take to one’s heels. Son — est trop courte; his arm is not long enough. C’est son — de chevet; he is his bosom friend, his constant companion; (fig.) his favorite theme; his hobby. — de mer; (ich.) sword-fish.

épeiche, n.f., (orni.) golden oriole, witwall.

épeler (é-plé), v.a., to spell. Epelez ce mot; spell that word. — mal; to misspell.

épellation, n.f., naming the letters of a word, spelling.

épenthèse, n.f., (gram.) epenthesis.

épenthétique, adj., (gram.) epenthetical.

éperdu, -e, adj., distracted, bewildered, aghast. Tout — d’amour; quite distraught with love.

éperdument, adv., distractedly, passionately, desperately.

éperlan, n.m., (ich.) smelt, sparling.

éperon (épron), n.m., spur; wrinkle, crow’s foot; gaffle (of game cocks); (arch.) buttress, counterfort; (nav.) head of a ship; cutwater, ram; (fort.) spur. Donner de l’— à un cheval; to clap spurs to a horse. Chausser les —s; to put on spurs. Cheval qui n’a ni bouche ni —; horse that obeys neither rein nor spur. Il a besoin d’—s; he wants spurring on. Chausser les — à quelqu’un; to put spurs on any one.

éperonné, -e (é-pro-né), adj., spurred; wrinkled. Elle a les yeux —s; she has wrinkles about her eyes.

éperonner, v.a., to spur; to spur on; to urge forward; to wrinkle.

éperonnerie, n.f., spur-making, spur-trade.

éperonnier, n.m., spur-maker; Indian peacock.

éperonnière, n.f., spur-leather; (bot.) larkspur.

épervier, n.m., (orni.) hawk, sparrow-hawk; cast-net.

épervière, n.f., (bot.) hawkweed.

épervin, n.m. V. éparvin.

éphèdre, n.f., shrubby horse-tail, sea-grass.

éphélide, n.f., (med.) sun-burn; freckle.

éphémère, adj., ephemeral.

éphémère, n.f., ephemera, day-fly.

éphémérides, n.f.pl., ephemerides.

éphod (é-fod), n.m., (Jewish antiq.) ephod.

éphore, n.m., (Grec. antiq.) ephor.

épi, n.m., ear of corn; awn. — bien garni; well-filled ear. — de cheveux; tuft of hair, topknot. — de diamants; cluster of diamonds. — d’eau; pond-weed. — de faîte; (arch.) top of the crown-post. Assembler en —; to scarf.

épice, n.f., spice. pl., ☉judges’ fees. Pain d’—; gingerbread. Fine —; sharp fellow, knowing blade. Dans les petits sacs sont les bonnes —s; little and good, or small parcels hold fine wares (pers.). Herbe aux —s; allspice.

épicé, -e, adj., spiced, spicy; hot, seasoned.

épicène, adj., (gram.) epicene.

épicer, v.a., to spice; ☉(of judges) to charge too high fees.

épicerie (é-pi-srî), n.f., spices, grocery; grocery-business. Petite —; chandlery.

épichérème (-ké-), n.m., (log.) epichirema.

épici-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., grocer; vulgar fellow. Il faut envoyer ce livre à l’—; this book must go to the butter-shop.

épicrâne, n.m., (anat.) epicranium.

épicurien, -ne (-i-in, -iè-n), n. and adj., epicure; epicurean.

épicurisme, n.m., epicureanism, epicurism.

épicycle, n.m., (astron.) epicycle.

épicycloïde, n.f., (geom.) epicycloid.

épidémie, n.f., epidemic.

épidémique, adj., epidemic, epidemical.

épidendre, n.m., (bot.) epidendrum.

épiderme, n.m., epidermis, cuticle, scarfskin.

épidermique, adj., (anat.) epidermic, epidermical.

épididyme, n.m., (anat.) epididymis.

épié, -e, part., eared, awny, awned.

épier, v.n., to ear, to shoot into ears.

épier, v.a., to watch, to be a spy upon, to pry into. Il épie ce que vous faites; he is a spy upon your actions. On épie vos démarches; your steps are being dogged. S’—; to watch one another.

épierrement, n.m., clearing land of stones.

épierrer, v.a., to clear away stones.

épieu, n.m., boar-spear, javelin, stake.

épieu-r, -se, n.m.f., watcher, spier, eavesdropper; Paul Pry.

épigastre, n.m., (anat.) epigastrium.

épigastrique, adj., (anat.) epigastric.

épiglotte, n.f., (anat.) epiglottis.

épigrammatique, adj., epigrammatic, epigrammatical.

épigrammatiquement, adv., epigrammatically.

épigrammatiser, v.n., to write epigrams.

épigrammatiste, n.m., epigrammatist.

épigramme, n.f., epigram.

épigraphe, n.f., epigraph.

épigraphie, n.f., epigraphics, epigraphy.

épigraphique, adj., pertaining to epigraphy.

épigyne, adj., (bot.) epigynous.

épilatoire, adj., depilatory.

épilepsie, n.f., (med.) epilepsy. Attaque d’—; epileptic fit, fit of epilepsy.

épileptique, n.m.f. and adj., epileptic; epileptical.

épiler, v.a., to depilate.

s’épiler, v.r., to pluck out one’s gray hairs.

épileu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., depilator (pers.).

*épillet, n.m., (bot.) spikelet.

épilobe, n.m., (bot.) willow-herb.

épilogue (-log), n.m., epilogue.

épiloguer (-ghé), v.n., to carp at, to censure, to criticise, to find fault with, to split hairs. Il épilogue sur tout; he finds fault with everything.

épiloguer, v.a., to criticise, to find fault with, to carp at.

épilogueur (-gheur), n.m., critic, fault-finder, carper. adj., fault-finding, carping.

épiloir, n.m., tweezers.

épinaie, n.f., brake, thicket, thorn-bush.

épinard (-nār), n.m., (bot.) spinach. pl., (cook.) spinach greens. —-fraise; strawberry blite, strawberry-spinach. — sauvage; all-good. Epaulettes à graine d’—s; epaulets with large bullion.

épine, n.f., thorn; prickle; spine; rub, obstacle, difficulty; bristling point (metal.). — blanche; hawthorn; barberry. — dorsale, du dos; spine; backbone. Noble —; hawthorn. — noire; German acacia; blackthorn, sloe. Avoir une — au pied; to have a thorn in one’s side. Tirer à quelqu’un une — du pied; to get some one over a difficulty. Être sur les —s, sur des —s; to be on pins and needles, or on thorns. Il n’y a pas de roses sans —s; no rose without a thorn, no joy without alloy. Les —s de la chicane; the thorny points of the law.

épines, n.f.pl., (metal.) bristling points.

épinette, n.f., (mus.) spinet; (bot.) North American fir-tree.

épineu-x, -se, adj., thorny, prickly; knotty, ticklish, intricate. Arbres —; thorny trees. Pomme —se; (bot.) stramony, thorn-apple. Question —se; ticklish question.

épine-vinette, n.f., berberry, barberry.

épingle, n.f., pin, scarf-pin, breast-pin. —s; pin-money, gratuity, douceur. Attacher avec une —; to pin. Il est toujours tiré à quatre —s; he is always as neat as hands can make him; he always looks as if he had just stepped out of a bandbox, or is always dressed up to the nine. Tirer son — du jeu; to get out of a scrape, to back out of anything. À coups d’—s; inch by inch; by pin-pricks. — à cheveux; hairpin. Oter les —s; to unpin.

épingle, adj., pinned; corded, terry. Velours —; light terry velvet.

épingler, v.a., to pin, to prick, to clean.

épinglette, n.f., (artil.) priming-iron; priming-wire; (mining) piercer; (tech.) pricker.

épingli-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., pin-maker.

épinière, adj.f., (anat.) spinal. Moelle —; spinal marrow.

épiniers, n.m.pl., (hunt.) brake, thicket.

épinoche, n.f.m., (com.) best coffee. f., (ich.) stickleback.

épiphanie, n.f., Epiphany.

épiphonème, n.m., (rhet.) epiphonema.

épiphora, n.m., (med.) epiphora, watery eye.

épiphyse, n.f., (anat.) epiphysis.

épiploon, n.m., (anat.) epiploon.

épique, adj., epic.

épiscopal, -e, adj., episcopal.

épiscopal, n.m., episcopalian.

épiscopalement, adv., episcopally.

épiscopat, n.m., episcopate, episcopacy.

épiscopaux, n.m.pl., Episcopalians.

épisode, n.m., episode.

épisodique, adj., episodical.

épispastique, n.m., adj., (med.) epispastic.

épisperme, n.m., (bot.) seed-coat, episperm, aril, arillus.

épisser, v.a., (nav.) to splice.

épissoir, n.m., (nav.) fid, splicing-fid; marlinspike.

épissure, n.f., (nav.) splice.

épistolaire, adj., epistolary.

épistolaire, n.m., letter-writer.

épistoli-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., letter-writer; (c.rel.) lectionary.

épistolographe, n.m., Greek or Latin letter-writer.

épistyle, n.m., (arch.) epistyle.

épitaphe, n.f., epitaph.

épitase, n.f., (dramatic lit.) epitasis.

épithalame, n.m., epithalamium, nuptial song.

épithème, n.m., (pharm.) epithem.

épithète, n.f., epithet.

épitoge, n.f., hood; shoulder-knot; cassock.

épitomé, n.m., epitome; compendium; abridgment.

épître, n.f., epistle, letter, missive. — dédicatoire; dedicatory epistle. Le côté de l’—; the right-hand side of the altar.

épitrope, n.f., (rhet.) epitrope.

épizootie (-tî), n.f., epizooty.

épizootique, adj., epizootic. Maladie —; epizootic distemper.

*éplaigner, v.a., (manu.) to raise the nap of the cloth, to tease, to teasel.

éplaigneur, n.m., cloth-dresser, teaseler.

éploré, -e, adj., in tears, weeping, disconsolate, distressed.

éployé, -e, adj., (her.) spread (of the eagle).

épluchage, n.m., (manu.) picking.

épluchement (é-plush-mān), n.m., cleaning, picking.

éplucher, v.a., to pick, to clean, to sift; to examine minutely. — la vie de quelqu’un; to examine minutely into any one’s life. — un ouvrage; to examine a work minutely, or to pick any work to pieces.

s’éplucher, v.r., to clean itself (of certain animals); (fig.) to examine one’s self.

éplucheu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., picker; fault-finder; hair-splitter.

éplucheuse, n.f., picker (instrument).

épluchoir, n.m., paring-knife.

épluchures, n.f.pl., parings, pickings, orts, refuse.

épode, n.f., epode.

épointé, -e, adj., without a point, blunt-topped; (of a dog) with a broken thigh; (of a horse) hip-shot.

épointement, n.m., bluntness.

épointer, v.a., to break off the point, to blunt.

s’épointer, v.r., to have its point broken off.

*épointillage, n.m., (tech.) burling.

*épointiller, v.a., (tech.) to burl (cloth).

épointure, n.f., (of horses, etc.) hip-shot.

épois, n.m.pl., trochings (of a deer).

éponge, n.f., sponge. Passer l’— sur quelque action; to say no more about, or to forget, an action. Presser l’—; to squeeze the sponge; to exact too much. Il boit comme une —; he drinks like a fish.

éponger, v.a., to sponge; to sponge up; to mop.

épongier, n.m., (l.u.) spongeman.

*épontille, n.f., (nav.) stanchion, prop.

*épontiller, v.a., to prop, to shore.

éponyme, n.m. and adj., (antiq.) eponym; eponymous.

épopée, n.f., epopee; epic poem.

époque, n.f., epoch; period, time, date; era. Faire —; to mark an era. Dès cette —; from that time. À l’— de; at the time of.

époucé, -e, adj., thumbless.

époudrer, v.a., (l.u.) to dust. V. épousseter.

épouffé, -e, adj., (fam.) out of breath.

s’épouffer, v.r., to steal away, to scamper off; to get out of breath from laughing. V. pouffer.

*épouiller, v.a., (l.ex.) to louse; to clean of lice.

*s’épouiller, v.r., (l.ex.) to louse one’s self.

époularder, v.a., to pick, to clean (tobacco).

époullin, espolin, or espoulin, n.m., (manu.) small shuttle, spool.

époumoner, v.a., to tire the lungs of; to exhaust.

s’époumoner, v.r., to tire one’s lungs; (fig.) to vociferate, to shout one’s self hoarse.

*épousailles, n.f.pl., espousals, nuptials.

épouse, n.f., spouse, bride, wife, consort.

épousé, -e, part., married, wedded.

épousée, n.f., bride, wife.

épouser, v.a., to marry, to take in marriage, to wed, to espouse, to embrace, to take up. — une héritière; to marry an heiress. — les intérêts d’autrui; to espouse the interests of others.

s’épouser, v.r., to marry each other.

épouseur, n.m., marrying man; intended husband.

époussetage, n.m., dusting.

épousseter (é-pous-té), v.a., to dust, to wipe off the dust; to beat the dust out of; to leather, to dust (beat). — quelqu’un; to dust any one’s jacket for him.

s’épousseter, v.r., to wipe the dust off one’s self.

époussette, n.f., dusting-rag, duster.

épouti, n.m., orts (in cloth).

époutieuse (-tieuz), n.f., picker, cleaner, burler (of cloth).

époutir, v.a., to pick, to clean (cloth).

épouvantable, adj., frightful, dreadful, tremendous, shocking, horrible; appalling. À un degré —; to a frightful degree.

épouvantablement, adv., frightfully, dreadfully, tremendously.

*épouvantail, n.m., scare-crow; bugbear; (orni.) sea-swallow. C’est un — de chenevière; she is a perfect scarecrow.

épouvante, n.f., terror, dismay, affright. Porter l’— dans le pays ennemi; to spread terror in the enemy’s country. L’— les a pris; they were seized with dismay. Frapper d’—; to dismay, to affright.

épouvantement, n.m., terror, affright.

épouvanter, v.a., to terrify, to frighten, to appall, to scare.

s’épouvanter, v.r., to be frightened or terrified; to take fright.

époux, n.m., spouse, husband, bridegroom. pl., husband and wife. Futur —; intended husband.

épreindre (épreignant, épreint), v.a., to squeeze out, to press, to express.

épreinte, n.f., tenesmus; straining; (fig.) pressure (chiefly used in pl.).

s’éprendre, v.r., to become enamored of; to fall in love with.

épreuve, n.f., trial, proof, test, ordeal, examination; (print.) proof, revise. J’en ai fait l’—; I have tried it, made a trial of it. Passer par de rudes —s; to go through hard trials. Mettre à l’—; to make a trial of, to put to the test. À l’— du feu; fire-proof. A l’— des balles; ball-proof. À l’— de l’eau; waterproof. À toute —; trusty, well-tried, faithful, devoted. Courage à toute —; courage proof against everything. — judiciaire; ordeal. Temps d’—; probation. — chargée; (print.) foul proof. — peu chargée; (print.) clean proof. Corriger une —; (print.) to correct a proof. Première — d’auteur; (print.) reader’s proof. Seconde — d’auteur; (print.) revise. Troisième — d’auteur; (print.) second revise. — avant la lettre; (engr.) proof before letters. Tirer une —; (print.) to pull a proof.

épris, -e, adj., in love, taken with, smitten, charmed with. Il en est —; he is smitten with her.

éprouver, v.a., to try, to prove; to put to the proof; to feel, to experience, to meet with; to go through. — la fidélité de quelqu’un; to try any one’s fidelity. — une douleur; to feel a pain. — des malheurs; to meet with misfortunes. — un canon; to test a cannon. S’— à; to try one’s hand at.

éprouvette, n.f., gauge; steam-gauge; test-glass; eprouvette (for testing gunpowder).

sel d’epsom, n.m., Epsom salts.

eptacorde, n.m. V. heptacorde.

eptagone, n.m. V. heptagone.

épucer, v.a., to catch the fleas of; to clear of fleas.

s’épucer, v.r., to catch one’s fleas.

épuisable, adj., exhaustible.

épuisé, -e, part., exhausted; drained; spent; worn out; used up; threadbare; out of print; done up. Terre —e; exhausted ground. L’édition est épuisée; the book is out of print.

épuisement (é-puiz-mān), n.m., draining; draining off; exhaustion. L’— des finances; the low state of the finances. Tuyau d’—; exhausting-pipe.

épuiser, v.a., to exhaust, to spend, to drain, to use up; to eat up, to consume. — une matière; to exhaust a subject. Leurs ressources étaient épuisées; their resources were exhausted.

s’épuiser, v.r., to be exhausted, to waste, to wear out, to exhaust one’s self; to sell off, to get out of print.

épuisette, n.f., scoop, hand-net, landing-net.

épulide or épulie, n.f., (surg.) epulis.

épulons, n.m.pl., (antiq.) epulones.

épulotique, n.m. and adj., (pharm.) epulotic.

☉épurati-f, -ve, adj., depurating; purifying; refining.

épuration, n.f., purification, purifying, refining, refinement. — du sang; purifying of the blood.

épuratoire, adj., purifying.

épure, n.f., (arch.) diagram, draught, working-drawing (of a building).

épurement, n.m., purifying.

épurer, v.a., to purify, to clear, to clarify, to refine; to purge. — de l’eau bourbeuse; to clear muddy water. — de l’or; to refine gold.

s’épurer, v.r., to be purified, to grow finer, more refined (of style, language).

épurge, n.f., (bot.) caper-spurge.

équarrir, v.a., (tech.) to square; to cut up.

équarrissage, n.m., (carp.) squareness; squaring; scantling; flaying and cutting up (horses). Dix pouces d’—; ten inches square. Bois d’—; squared timber. Clos d’—; knacker’s yard.

équarrissement, n.m., (tech.) squaring.

équarrisseur, n.m., knacker.

équarrissoir, n.m., rimer; knacker’s knife.

équateur (é-koua-), n.m., equator, equinoctial line; (country) Ecuador.

équation (é-koua-), n.f., (alg.) equation. — du premier degré; (alg.) simple equation. Poser une —; to state an equation. Montre à —; chronometer.

équatorial, -e (é-koua-), adj., equatorial. n.m., equatorial telescope (instrument).

équerre, n.f., set square; square rule. Dresser à l’—; to square. À fausse —; out of square; bevel. Courbe à —; (nav.) square knee.

équerrer, v.a., to square, to bevel.

équestre (é-kuèstr) adj., equestrian.

équiangle (é-kui-) adj., (geom.) equiangular.

équidifférent, -e (é-kui-), adj., equidifferent.

équidistant, -e (é-kui-), adj., (geom.) equidistant.

équilatéral, -e (é-kui-), adj., (geom.) equilateral.

équilatère (é-kui-), adj., (l.u.) (geom.) equilateral.

équilboquet, n.m., mortise-gauge.

équilibre, n.m., equilibrium, equipoise, poise, balance. Mettre en —; to poise. Faire l’—; to make things equal. Perdre l’—; to lose one’s equilibrium, one’s balance.

équilibrer, v.a., to poise; to place in equilibrium. S’—; to balance (of things).

équilibriste, n.m.f., acrobat.

équille, n.f., (pisc.) sand-eel.

équinoxe, n.m., equinox. Vents d’—; equinoctial wind.

équinoxial, -e, adj., equinoctial. Ligne —e; equinoctial line.

équipage, n.m., equipage, carriage; turnout; equipment; dress; gear, tackle, implements; plight; crew. Avoir son —, rouler —; to keep one’s carriage. Être dans un triste —; to be badly equipped. Être en triste —; to be in a sad plight. — de Jean de Paris; brilliant equipage. — de Bohème; sorry equipage. Maître d’—; (nav.) boatswain.

équipe, n.f., (nav.) train of boats; manning; set, gang (of workmen). Chef d’—; foreman. Homme d’—; boatman, oarsman, porter. Faire l’—; to manage; to man (a boat).

équipée, n.f., prank; freak, frolic.

équipement (é-kip-mān), n.m., outfit, fitting out, equipment, accoutrement; manning. Petit —; kit.

équiper, v.a., to equip, to fit out, to stock, to furnish, to man; to ill-treat, to pay out. — une flotte; to fit out a fleet.

s’équiper, v.r., to fit one’s self out; to dress up; to titivate one’s self; to rig one’s self out.

équipet, n.m., (nav.) locker.

équipollence, n.f., (l.u.) equipollence.

☉équipollent, n.m., equipollent, equivalent. À l’—; in proportion.

équipollent, -e, adj., equipollent, equivalent.

☉équipoller, v.a., to be equivalent, to be of the like value; to balance.

équipondérance (é-kui-), n.f., equiponderance.

équitable, adj., equitable, upright, just, fair.

équitablement, adv., equitably, justly, fairly.

équitant, -e (é-kui-), adj., (bot.) (of leaves) equitant.

équitation (é-kui-), n.f., equitation, riding, horsemanship.

équité, n.f., equity, justice.

équivalemment (-la-mān), adv., (l.u.) equivalently.

équivalence, n.f., equivalence.

équivalent, -e, adj., equivalent.

équivalent, n.m., equivalent.

équivaloir, v.n., to be equivalent, to be tantamount to.

équivalve, adj., (conch.) equivalve.

équivoque, adj., equivocal, ambiguous, doubtful, uncertain. Un homme —; a man of doubtful character.

équivoque, n.f., equivocation; ambiguity; evasion, shuffling; (paint.) defect, fault. User d’—s; to equivocate.

équivoquer, v.n., to equivocate, to speak ambiguously, to quibble, to shuffle.

s’équivoquer, v.r., to use one word for another, to make a slip, to be mistaken.

érable, n.m., maple, maple-tree. — blanc; sycamore. — à sucre; sugar-maple. — moucheté; birds’-eye maple.

éradicati-f, -ve, adj., eradicative.

éradication, n.f., eradication.

érafler, v.a., to scratch slightly, to graze.

éraflure, n.f., slight scratch, graze.

*éraillé, -e, part., frayed, fretted; bloodshot (of the eyes); (nav.) (of cables and ropes) chafed, galled; (of the voice) rough, hoarse, husky.

*éraillement, n.m., (med.) eversion of the eyelids; fraying, fretting, unweaving; huskiness, hoarseness.

*érailler, v.a., to fray, to fret, to unweave.

*s’érailler, v.r., to fray; (nav.) to chafe; to become bloodshot (of the eyes); to become husky, hoarse (of the voice). La gaze est sujette à s’—; gauze is apt to fray.

*éraillure, n.f., fret, fraying; chafing, gall.

ératé, -e, part., spleened; sprightly, lively, gay, arch, shrewd. Un petit garçon —; a sprightly little boy.

érater, v.a., to pull out the spleen; to spleen.

s’érater, v.r., to run one’s self out of breath, to lose one’s breath through running.

ère, n.f., era, epoch.

érèbe, n.m., (myth.) Erebus.

érecteur, n.m. and adj., (anat.) erector (muscle).

érectile, adj., (anat.) erectile.

érection, n.f., erection, erecting; establishment, raising.

éreinter, v.a., to break any one’s back; to tire out, to knock up, to do up; to beat unmercifully (fig.); to cut to pieces; to lash with satire; to slay.

s’éreinter, v.r., to break one’s back, to tire one’s self out, to be knocked up; to drudge, to toil and moil.

érémitique, adj., hermitical, eremitical.

érésipélateu-x, -se, adj., (med.) erysipelatous.

érésipèle, n.m., (med.) erysipelas, St. Anthony’s fire; (vet.) wild-fire.

éréthisme, n.m., (med.) erethismus.

ergastule, n.f., (Rom. antiq.) slaves’ prison.

ergo, conj., (log.) ergo; then, therefore. —-glu, —-gluc; (fam., jest.) ergo, nothing at all; and what then.

ergot, n.m., spur (of certain birds); (agri.) ergot, spur; (pharm.) ergota, horn-seed; (nav.) taggle; dew-claw (of a dog); (vet.) ergot. Monter sur ses —s; to ride the high horse. Être sur ses —s; to keep one’s distance; to be stand-offish. — de coq; cock’s-spur.

ergotage, n.m. V. ergoterie.

ergoté, -e, adj., spurred, having a dew-claw (of a dog). Un coq bien —; a well-spurred cock. Seigle —; spurred rye.

ergoter, v.n., to cavil, to wrangle, to chop logic. Il ergote sur tout; he finds fault with everything.

ergoterie (èr-go-trî), n.f., caviling; quibbling, quibble.

ergoteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., caviler, quibbler.

ergotisme, n.m., caviling, quibbling, quibble; (med.) ergotism.

éridan, n.m., (astron.) Eridanus.

ériger, v.a., to erect, to raise, to rear, to set up, to institute.

s’ériger, v.r., to erect one’s self into; to set up for, to pose as, to pretend to be; to be erected, raised, built. S’— en censeur public; to set up for a public censor.

*érigne or érine, n.f., (surg.) hook.

érigone, n.f., (astron.) Virgo.

ermin, n.m., customs duty (in the Levant).

erminette or herminette, n.f., (carp.) adz.

ermitage, n.m., hermitage.

ermite, n.m., hermit, recluse. Pâtes d’—; dry walnuts.

érodé, -e, adj., (tech.) eroded, gnawed.

érosi-f, -ve, adj., erosive.

érosion, n.f., erosion.

érotique, adj., erotic.

érotomanie, n.f., erotomania, nymphomania.

erpétologie, n.f., erpetology.

errant, -e (èr-rān, -t), adj., wandering; lost, fugitive, roving, errant; rambling. Chevalier —; knight-errant. Le juif —; the wandering Jew.

errant, n.m., lost sheep.

errata (èr-ra-ta), n.m., (—) errata.

erratique, adj., (med., astron.) erratic.

erratum, n.m., (—) erratum. V. errata.

erre, n.f., course, way; (nav.) way (of a ship). pl., track (of a stag). Aller grand’—; to go very fast. Marcher sur les —s de quelqu’un; to tread in any one’s footsteps.

errements (èr-mān), n.m.pl., traces, track, manner, way, proceedings; vagaries, follies. Reprendre les anciens — d’une affaire or suivre les vieux —; to fall into the old track again.

errer (èr-ré), v.n., to wander, to ramble, to stray, to range, to rove, to stroll, to roll; to err, to mistake, to be mistaken, to go astray. — partout; to ramble about. — çà et là; to ramble about, to stroll up and down, to wander to and fro. Aller errant; to wander up and down.

erreur (èr-reur), n.f., error, illusion, mistake, blunder. Sauf —; errors excepted. Être dans l’—; to be mistaken. Tirer quelqu’un de son —; to convince any one of his error. —! not a bit of it! — n’est pas compte; misreckoning is no payment.

errhin, n.m., (med.) errhine.

errhin, -e, adj., (med.) errhine.

erroné, -e (èr-ro-né), adj., erroneous, mistaken, false, unsound, untrue.

erronément, adv., erroneously.

ers (èr), n.m., tare, vetch, lentil.

erse, n.f., (nav.) iron cringle. —s de poulies; block-strops.

erse, adj., Erse (Gaelic, Irish, Scotch).

erseau, n.m., cringle.

érubescent, -e, adj., erubescent, reddening.

érucage, érucago, or érucague (-kag), n.f., (bot.) rocket.

éructation, n.f., eructation, belching.

éructer, v.a., (l.u.) to eructate, to belch.

érudit, -e, adj., erudite, learned.

érudit, n.m., scholar, learned man.

érudition, n.f., learning, erudition, scholarship.

érugineu-x, -se, adj., eruginous.

erupti-f, -ve, n.f., (med.) eruptive.

éruption, n.f., act of breaking forth, eruption; cutting (of teeth).

érysipélateu-x, -se, adj. V. érésipélateux.

érysipèle, n.m. V. érésipèle.

ès, art., (contraction of en les), in, of; (before certain names of towns), Saint-Germain — Laye. Maître — arts; master of arts.

escabeau, n.m., stool.

escabelle, n.f., stool. Déranger les —s à; (fig.) to upset (any one’s) calculations; to baffle or foil (any one).

escache, n.f., scatch, bit (for horses).

escadre, n.f., (nav.) squadron, fleet. Chef d’—; commodore; flag-officer.

*escadrille, n.f., (nav.) small squadron, flotilla.

escadron, n.m., (milit.) squadron (of horse). Chef d’—; major.

escadronner, v.n., to manœuvre (of cavalry).

escalade, n.f., scaling (a wall); (milit.) escalade.

escalader, v.a., to scale, to climb over; (milit.) to escalade. S’—; to be scaled.

escale, n.f., (nav.) putting in, calling. Faire — dans un port; to put into a port, to touch at, to call at (a port).

escalier, n.m., staircase, stairs, flight of stairs, steps. — en limaçon; winding staircase. — dérobé; private staircase. — de commandement; (nav.) companion-ladder.

escalin, n.m., Dutch (sixpenny piece).

escalope, n.f., split-bean; (pisc.) scallop; (cook.) a kind of stew.

escamotage, n.m., juggling, sleight of hand; legerdemain; prigging, filching.

escamote, n.f., juggler’s ball.

escamoter, v.a., to juggle, to juggle away; to pilfer, to shuffle out of, to ease of. On lui a escamoté sa bourse; they eased him of his purse.

escamoteur, n.m., juggler, conjurer; fleecer, pilferer; pickpocket.

escamper, v.n., to scamper away.

escampette, n.f., scampering. Il a pris de la poudre d’—; he has scampered away.

escapade, n.f., prank, freak, spree, frolic, lark. Faire une —; to have a lark.

escape, n.f., (arch.) scape.

*escarbille, n.f., coal cinder, clinker.

escarbot, n.m., (ent.) horn-beetle.

escarboucle, n.f., (min.) carbuncle.

escarcelle, n.f., (jest.) purse, money-bag. Il a rempli son —; he has filled his purse.

escargot, n.m., snail, edible snail.

escarmouche, n.f., skirmish; brush. — de route; (milit.) running fight. Aller à l’—; to go out skirmishing; (fig.) caviling, bickering.

escarmoucher, v.n., to skirmish; (fig.) to cavil, to bicker.

escarmoucheur, n.m., skirmisher; caviler.

escarole, n.f., (bot.) endive.

escarotique, n.m. and adj., (med.) escharotic, caustic.

escarpe, n.f., (fort.) scarp, escarp.

escarpé, -e, adj., steep, precipitous, rugged, cragged; (nav.) bluffy.

escarpement, n.m., (fort.) escarpment, steepness.

escarper, v.a., to cut steep or vertically; (milit.) to escarp; (fig.) to do for.

escarpin, n.m., pump (shoe). Jouer de l’—; to run away, to take to one’s heels, to bolt.

escarpolette, n.f., swing, see-saw. Il a la tête à l’—; he is a hare-brained fellow.

escarre, n.f., (med.) eschar; slough; ☉(fig.) gap.

escaveçade, n.f., (man.) jerk (with the cavesson).

escient, n.m., (l.u.) knowledge. À son —; to his knowledge, wittingly. À bon —; in good earnest; wittingly, knowingly.

esclaire, n.m., (hawking) bird of prey.

esclandre, n.m., fracas, uproar; scandal, exposure, scene. Faire —; to make a scene, to cause an uproar.

esclavage, n.m., slavery; bondage; thralldom; inthrallment; drudgery. Réduire à l’—; to enslave, to reduce to slavery.

esclave, n.m.f., slave; bondman; drudge. Commandeur d’—s; slave-driver. Propriétaire d’—s; slave-owner. On est — dans cette maison; one is a very drudge in that house (i.e. the work is endless in).

esclave, adj., slavish. Avoir une âme —; to have a slavish, base disposition.

escobard, n.m., equivocator, shuffler.

escobarder, v.n., to equivocate, to prevaricate, to shuffle.

escobarderie, n.f., prevarication, shuffling, subterfuge.

☉escoffion, n.m., cap, hair-net.

escogriffe, n.m., sharper, shark, sponger; tall, lank, ungainly fellow.

escompte (ès-cont), n.m., discount. À —; at a discount. Faire l’—; to discount.

escompter (ès-conté), v.a., to discount, to cash; (fig.) to anticipate, to forestall. — un billet, un effet; to cash a bill.

escompteur (ès-kon-teur), n.m., (com.) discounter.

escope, n.f. V. écope.

escopette, n.f., carbine.

escopetterie, n.f., volley of carbines, etc.

escopettier, n.m., rifleman.

escorte, n.f., escort; (nav.) convoy (fig.); retinue, train, attendants. Servir d’— à; to serve as an escort to, to guard. Bâtiment d’—; convoy-ship.

escorter, v.n., to escort; to accompany, to attend. — la caisse militaire; to escort the military chest.

escot, n.m., kind of serge; (nav.) skeet.

escouade, n.f., (milit.) squad; gang.

escourgée, n.f., scourge; lash; lashing.

escourgeon (-jon), n.m., winter-barley.

escousse, n.f., (l.u.) spring, run, start. Prendre son —; to take one’s spring.

escrime, n.f., fencing. Salle d’—; fencing-school. Être hors d’—; to be put off one’s guard; to be at one’s wits’ end.

escrimer, v.n., to fence; to spar; to have a trial of skill.

s’escrimer, v.r., to strive; to try; to dabble in; to have some knowledge of. Il s’escrime toujours, mais rien n’y fait; he keeps on pegging away, but nothing comes of it.

escrimeur, n.m., fencer.

escroc (ès-krô), n.m., sharper, swindler, blackleg.

escroquer, v.a., to swindle, to cheat.

escroquerie (ès-kro-krî), n.f., swindling, swindle, cheating.

escroqueu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., cheat, swindler.

escubac. V. scubac.

esculape, n.m., (—s) Æsculapius; (fam.) a clever physician.

esculent, -e, adj., (l.u.) edible, eatable, esculent.

escurial, n.m., Escurial.

ésope, n.m., (—s) Æsop; (fam.) hunchback. C’est un —; he is a hunchback.

ésotérique, adj., esoteric.

espace, n.m., space, room, place, volume. —s imaginaires; imaginary space. Court — de temps; short space of time.

espace, n.f., (print.) space.

espacement (ès-pas-mān), n.m., (arch.) interval, interspace, spread; (print.) spacing.

espacer, v.a., to leave a space between; to separate, to place apart; to plant at regular intervals; (print.) to space.

espade, n.f., tewing-beetle (for hemp).

espader, v.a., to tew hemp.

espadeur, n.m., hemp-beater.

espadon, n.m., espadon, broadsword; two-handed sword; (ich.) swordfish.

espadonner, v.n., to fight with the broadsword.

espadot, n.m., boat-hook.

espadrille, n.f., bathing shoe, sandal.

*espagnol, -e, n. and adj., Spaniard; Spanish. La langue —e; the Spanish tongue.

*espagnol, n.m., Spanish (language).

*espagnolette, n.f., baize; French window fastening.

espalier, n.m., (hort.) espalier; fruit-wall; (nav.) stroke-oar. Venir en —; to grow on an espalier.

espalmer, v.a., (nav.) to grave.

esparcet, n.m., esparcette, n.f., French honeysuckle; esparcet; sainfoin.

espargoute, n.f. V. spergule.

espars, n.m.pl., (nav.) spars.

espèce, n.f., species, kind, sort; nature; breed; case at issue, case in point, (jur.) case. pl., specie, ready money, hard cash; (theol.) element. L’— humaine; mankind. Payer en —s; to pay in cash. —s sonnantes; hard cash, cash down.

espérance, n.f., hope, confidence, trust, expectation. Dans l’—; in expectation. Se nourrir d’—; to feed on hope. Vivre d’—; to live on hope. Répondre à ses —s; to answer one’s expectations.

espérer, v.a., to hope, to hope for, to expect; to trust. Il espère une meilleure fortune; he hopes for a better fortune. Je n’espère plus rien; I have no further hopes.

espérer, v.n., to hope, to hope for, to be hopeful of; to put one’s trust in. J’espère bien; I hope so indeed. En voilà une, j’espère; that’s one, if you like.

espiègle, n.m.f. and adj., frolicsome child; frolicsome, waggish, arch, roguish.

espièglerie, n.f., frolic, roguish or playful trick, waggishness.

espingole, n.f., blunderbuss.

espion, n.m., -ne, n.f., spy; (at races) touter.

espionnage, n.m., espionage; spy system, spying.

espionner, v.a., to spy, to pry into.

esplanade, n.f., esplanade, parade.

espoir, n.m., hope, expectance. Avoir l’— de; to be in hopes of. Mettre son — dans; to set one’s hopes on. Sans —; hopeless.

espolin, n.m. V. époullin.

esponton, n.m., spontoon, half-pike.

espouleur, n.m. V. époulleur.

espoulin, n.f. V. époullin.

espringale, n.f., springal (a kind of sling).

esprit, n.m., spirit, soul, ghost, shade; mind, sense, understanding, wit, intellect; humor, disposition, temper, character; meaning; spirit, spirituous liquor; (gram.) breathing. — malin; evil spirit, fiend. — follet; goblin. Dieu est un —; God is a spirit. Le Saint-—, l’—-Saint; the Holy Ghost. — doux; (Grec. gram.) soft breathing. — rude; (Grec. gram.) hard breathing. — borné, étroit; narrow intellect. — dérangé; disordered mind. — de corps; fellow-feeling, brotherhood. — d’ordre; orderliness, management. — de suite; consistency. — de parti; party spirit. Cultiver l’—; to cultivate the mind. Un homme d’—; a man of parts, a sensible man, a man of wit. Un ouvrage d’—; a work of talent. Un bel —; a wit. Un — fort; a free-thinker. — présent; ready wit. S’alambiquer l’—; to puzzle one’s brains. Un homme à l’— étroit; a narrow-minded man. Aliéner l’— de quelqu’un; to drive any one mad. Avoir l’— sain; to be of sound mind. Avoir de l’—; to be intelligent, to be witty, to be sensible. Avoir l’— aux talons; to shine at the wrong end, to go a wool-gathering. Avoir l’— bien fait; to be good-tempered. Faire de l’—; to play the wit. Faire revenir l’— à quelqu’un; to bring any one to his senses. Faire revenir quelqu’un à l’— de; to recall to any one, or remind any one of. Où avait-il l’— quand? where were his wits when? what was he thinking of, when? Vous n’avez pas saisi l’— de cet auteur; you have not understood the meaning of that author. Reprendre ses —s; to recover one’s senses; to come to one’s self. Ne pas avoir l’— tranquille; to be uneasy in one’s mind. Remettre les —s; to quiet people’s minds. Rendre l’—; to give up the ghost. Venir dans l’—; to come into one’s mind. Passer pour un homme d’—; to pass for a wit. Les grands —s se rencontrent; great wits jump together (i.e., when two people say the same thing together). —s animaux; animal spirits. L’— court les rues; wit is a drug in the market.

esprité, -e, adj., intelligent, clever, witty.

esprot, n.m., sprat.

esquicher, v.n., s’—, v.r., (reversis) to play a low card in order not to win a trick. S’—; (fig.) to answer evasively, to back out of.

esquif, n.m., skiff.

*esquille, n.f., splinter (of a bone).

esquinancie, n.f., quinsy.

esquine, n.f., (man.) horse’s loins; (bot.) China-root. Un cheval fort d’—; a horse strong in his loins. (bot.) V. squine.

esquipot, n.m., (fam.) money-box.

esquisse, n.f., sketch, outline, rough drawing; rough-draft; plan. Cahier d’—s; sketch-book. Faire l’— de; to make a sketch of. L’— d’un poème; the sketch of a poem.

esquisser, v.a., (paint.) to sketch, to outline.

esquiver, v.a., to shun, to avoid, to elude.

s’esquiver, v.r., to escape, to slip away, to steal away, to give the slip, to make off.

esquiver, v.n., to slip away, to make off; to avoid.

essai, n.m., trial, essay, attempt, endeavor; sample; experiment; testing, assaying (metal.). Donner, prendre, à l’—; to give, to take, on trial. Faire son coup d’—; to make one’s first attempt. Faire l’— de; to make a trial of. — sur la peinture; essay on painting. Faire l’— de l’or; to assay gold. Pour —; by way of trial.

essaim (è-sin), n.m., swarm; bevy, host.

essaimer, v.n., to swarm. Cette ruche a essaimé; that hive has swarmed.

essanger, v.a., to soak, to scour (dirty linen).

essarder, v.a., (nav.) to mop, to swab.

essartement, n.m., grubbing, clearing (of lands).

essarter, v.a., to clear, to grub; to assart.

essaver, v.a., to drain.

essayage, n.m., trying-on (of clothes).

essayer, v.a., to try; to essay, to attempt, to make a trial of; to assay. — de l’or; to assay gold. — une chose; to try a thing.

s’essayer, v.r., to try one’s strength or one’s skill, to make attempts, to try one’s hand. Il s’est essayé à peindre; he has tried his hand at painting.

essayer, v.n., to try, to attempt, to make a trial. Essayez de le persuader; try to persuade him. — de marcher; to try to walk.

essayerie, n.f., assay-office (of the mint).

essayeur, n.m., assayer.

essayiste, n.m.f., essayist.

esse, n.f., S; linch-pin (of the axle-tree of a coach); fore-lock (of a gun-carriage).

esseigler, v.a., to clear of rye.

esselier, n.m., (man.) brace.

esséminer, v.a., (l.u.) to disperse; to scatter.

essence, n.f., essence; substance; species (of trees); benzene; (of roses) otto, attar. — de romarin; essence of rosemary. — de la vie; heart’s blood.

essénien, n.m., Essene.

essentiel, -le (-cièl), adj., essential, material. C’est là le point —; that is the main point.

essentiel (-cièl), n.m., essential, essential point, main point, main thing.

essentiellement (-sièl-mān), adv., essentially, materially.

essette, n.f., hammer-axe.

esseulé, -e, adj., (fam., l.u.) solitary, abandoned.

essieu, n.m., axle-tree; pin (of a block), écartement des —x; wheel base (motor).

essor, n.m., flight; soaring, soar; strain; swing, play, scope, impulse, impulsion. Donner l’— à; to give wings to, to give scope to. L’— du génie; the soaring of genius. Prendre son —; to take one’s flight.

essorant, -e, adj., (her.) soaring. Un oiseau —; (her.) a soaring bird.

essorer, v.a., to hang in the air in order to dry.

s’essorer, v.r., to soar aloft.

essoreu-r, -se, n.m.f., dryer. n.f., drying machine.

*essoriller, v.a., to cut the ears (of a dog); to crop short (hair); to crop a dog.

essoufflé, -e, part., breathless; out of breath. Être tout —; to be quite out of breath.

essoufflement, n.m., panting, breathlessness.

essouffler, v.a., to put out of breath; to wind (horses). S’—, v.r., to put one’s self out of breath; to get or be out of breath.

essui, n.m., drying-closet, drying-house.

essuie-main, n.m., (—, or —-—s) towel.

essuie-pieds, n.m., mat, door-mat.

essaie-plume, n.m., (—, or —-—s) pen-wiper.

essuyage, n.m., wiping.

essuyer, v.a., to wipe, to wipe off, to wipe away, to wipe dry; to sustain, to support, to bear, to endure, to go through, to undergo. — les larmes de quelqu’un; to console any one. — des affronts; to endure affronts. — un refus or un revers; to meet with a refusal or a check.

s’essuyer, v.r., to dry one’s self. S’— les mains, la figure; to wipe one’s hands, one’s face.

est (èst), n.m., east. D’—; eastern, easterly. Un vent d’—; an easterly wind. À l’—; to the east, eastward. Vers l’—; eastward.

estacade, n.f., stockade; boom (of a harbor).

estafette, n.f., courier, express messenger; (milit.) estafette.

estafier, n.m., (b.s.) tall footman, flunkey, livery servant; lanky Jack; hector, bully.

estafilade, n.f., cut (in the face), gash, slash; rent (in clothes).

estafilader, v.a., to slash, to cut, to gash.

estagnon, n.m., a copper bottle.

estame, n.f., worsted, knitted worsted.

estamet, n.m., coarse, woolen fabric.

estaminet, n.m., coffee-house; smoking divan; shades; tap-room.

estampage, n.m., stamping (metal.).

estampe, n.f., print, engraving, cut; stamp. Magasin d’—s; print-shop; (tech.) stamping-machine, punch.

estamper, v.a., to stamp; to punch, to brand.

estampeur, n.m., stamper. adj., stamping.

estampillage, n.m., stamping, marking.

*estampille, n.f., stamp, mark, trade-mark.

*estampiller, v.a., to stamp, to mark.

estanc, adj.m., (nav.) water-tight, well-found. Un navire —; (nav.) a well-found ship.

estance, n.f., (nav.) stanchion.

ester, v.n., (jur.) to appear in court, to plead (before justice).

estère, n.f., straw mat; creek, cove.

esteuble, n.f., stubble. V. éteule.

esthétique, n.f., æsthetics.

esthétique, adj., æsthetical.

estimable, adj., estimable.

estimateur, n.m., appraiser, appreciator, valuer.

estimatif, adj., estimative. Etat —; estimate.

estimation, n.f., estimation, appraising, valuation, estimate. Faire une — de; to appraise, to estimate.

estime, n.f., esteem, regard, estimation; (nav.) reckoning. Avoir de l’— pour; to hold in esteem. Être perdu d’— et de réputation; to have lost one’s reputation, and the esteem of every one.

estimer, v.a., to estimate, to value; to rate, to assess; to esteem, to regard, to prize, to consider, to deem, to account. — des meubles; to value furniture. — trop; to overrate.

s’estimer, v.r., to esteem, or to prize, one’s self; to set a value on one’s self; to consider one’s self; to esteem one another.

estival, -e, adj., estival, summer.

estivation, n.f., (bot.) estivation; (zoöl.) torpor.

estive, n.f., (nav.) trimming, stowing (cargo).

estiver, v.a., (nav.) to stow, to trim, to press the cargo down; to turn cattle out to grass during summer.

estoc, n.m., tuck (sword); point of a sword; trunk, stock (of trees); (nav.) ledge, rock, shelf. Frapper d’— et de taille; to cut and thrust, or to lay about (recklessly). Parler d’— et de taille; to talk at random. Dites-vous cela de votre —? do you say that of yourself? is it original? Être réduit à blanc —; to be done up or reduced to nothing. À blanc —; (agri.) to the root.

estocade, n.f., (fenc.) stoccado, stoccade, thrust, lunge; unexpected attack.

estocader, v.n., (fenc.) to thrust, to make passes, to lunge.

estomac (-ma), n.m., stomach; breast; chest. Avoir mal à l’—; to have a stomach-ache. Ardeur d’—; heartburn. Soulever l’—; to turn the stomach. Tiraillements d’—; twitching pains in the stomach. Le creux de l’—; the pit of the stomach.

s’estomaquer, v.r., (fam.) to take offense; not to be able to brook anything; to exhaust one’s self by speaking. Il s’est estomaqué; he is put out.

estompage, n.m., (draw.) stumping.

estompe, n.f., stump. Dessin à l’—; stump-drawing.

estomper, v.a., to stump; to shade off.

estouffade, n.f. V. étouffée.

estrade, n.f., platform, stand, stage. ☉Battre l’—; to scout; to be on the tramp. Batteurs d’—; ☉scouts; (fam.) strollers, trampers, vagrants.

estragon, n.m., (bot.) tarragon.

☉estramaçon, n.m., two-edged sword. Coup d’—; cut with the edge of a sword.

estramaçonner, v.r., (jest., l.u.) to strike with the edge of a sword, to cut, to slash.

estrapade, n.f., strappado; gibbet used for the strappado; (man.) estrapade. Se donner l’—; to torture one’s brains.

estrapader, v.a., to give the strappado, to torture.

estrapasser, v.a., (man.) to overwork, to override.

estraper, v.a., to mow (stubble).

estrope, n.f., (nav.) strop.

estroper, v.a., (nav.) to strop.

estropiat, n.m., (fam.) cripple; beggar.

estropié, n.m., -e, n.f., cripple.

estropié, -e, part., crippled, lame; disabled. Être — d’un bras; to have an arm disabled. Passage —; mutilated passage.

estropier, v.a., to cripple, to lame, to maim, to disable; to mangle, to murder, to spoil, to mutilate. — un passage; to mutilate a passage. — un rôle; (theat.) to murder a part.

estuaire, n.m., (geog.) estuary.

esturgeon (-jon), n.m., (ich.) sturgeon.

esule, n.f., (bot.) esula.

et (é), conj., and. — ... —; both ... and; then, thereupon. — vous — moi; both you and I. [The final t of et is never pronounced.]

établage, n.m., stabling.

étable, n.f., stable (for oxen, sheep, goats); stall; cattle-shed; cattle-house; pig-sty, hog-sty, sty. S’aborder de franche —; (nav.) to run right into one another, to run foul of one another.

établer, v.a., to put in a stable, to stable.

établi, n.m., bench (joiner’s); shop-board, counter (tailor’s).

établi, -e, part., established; settled, laid down.

établir, v.a., to establish, to set, to fix, to erect, to set up, to set up in business; to institute, to found, to aver, to make good, to lay down (statements); to assert; to prove, to make out, to show; to induct; to strike (balance); to impose (a tax). — sa fille; to settle one’s daughter. — un fait; to state a fact; to make it good. — par des exemples; to prove, to make good, by examples.

s’établir, v.r., to establish one’s self, to fix one’s residence, to take up one’s residence; to settle down, to settle (marry); to set up shop; to set up in business, to set up for one’s self, to set up. Il est venu s’— en France; he came to settle in France. Il songe à s’—; he is thinking of settling down.

établissement (-blis-mān), n.m., establishment, establishing, settlement; setting up, fixing, placing, erecting; proving, making out, showing; imposition (of taxes); settling; setting up in business; (nav.) tide-table. L’— d’un fait; the stating, proving of a fact. Les hôpitaux sont des —s très-utiles; hospitals are highly useful institutions. L’— de ses enfants; the settling of one’s children. Frais de premier —; first expenses. Dans l’—; on the premises.

étage, n.m., story, floor; flight (of stairs); (geol., mining) layer, stratum. Il demeure au troisième —; he lives on the third floor. Il y a des hommes d’esprit de tout —; there are wits of every degree. C’est un sot à triple —; he is a consummate fool. Avoir un menton à double —; to have a double chin. De bas —; of low degree; low birth.

étagé, -e, part., adj., rising tier upon tier; tapered, tapering.

étager, v.a., to taper; to dispose in tiers. S’—; to rise tier upon tier; to taper.

étagère, n.f., what-not, shelves.

étague (é-tag), n.f., (nav.) hoisting the yards.

étai, n.m., stay, shore; prop, strut. — de misaine; (nav.) fore-stay. — d’artimon; (nav.) mizzen-stay. — du grand mât; (nav.) main-stay.

étaie, n.f., (her.) chevronel.

☉étaiement, n.m., propping, staying, shoring, supporting, bearing up. V. étayement.

étaim (è-tin), n.m., fine carded wool.

étain, n.m., tin; pewter. — fin; pure tin. — commun; block tin. — métallique; white tin. — oxydé; tin-stone. — en feuilles; tin-foil. — de glace; tin-glass.

étal, n.m., stall; butcher’s stall; butcher’s shop.

étalage, n.m., laying out, exposing of goods for sale; goods exposed for sale; shop-window; window; stallage; finery, fine clothes; showing off, ostentatious display, show. Cela n’est bon qu’à servir d’—; that will only serve for show. Faire — de son esprit; to parade one’s wit. Faire de l’—; to make a show, to show off.

étalagiste, n.m., stall-keeper, window-dresser.

étale, adj., (nav.) still; slack (of the water); settled, steady (of the wind). Mer —; slack water, tide.

étalé, -e, part., spread out, unfolded, displayed.

étaler, v.a., to expose for sale; to put in the shop-window; to spread, to spread out; to show, to set forth, to display, to parade, to make a show or parade of, to show off.

s’étaler, v.r., to be exposed for sale; to be hung up in the window; to be displayed, to be spread out; to stretch one’s self out, to sprawl; to show one’s self off, to show off. S’— sur l’herbe; to stretch one’s self at full length on the grass.

étalier, n.m., journeyman-butcher.

étalinguer (-ghé), v.a., (nav.) to clinch.

étalingure, n.f., (nav.) clinch, bend (of a cable).

étalon, n.m., stallion; standard (of weight and measures). D’—; standard. — de haras; stud-horse.

étalonnage or étalonnement, n.m., stamping (of weights, etc.); gauging.

étalonner, v.a., to stamp; to gauge.

étalonneur, n.m., inspector of weights and measures.

étamage, n.m., tinning; quicksilvering, silvering; plating.

étambot (formerly étambord), n.m., (nav.) stern-post.

étambrai, n.m., (nav.) partner (of a mast, etc.).

étamer, v.a., to tin; to plate (glass); to foliate, to quicksilver.

étameur, n.m., tinman; silverer.

étamine, n.f., stamin; tammy; sieve; strainer, colander; bolting-cloth; bolter; bunting; (bot.) stamen, male organ, thrum. Passer par l’—; to sift. Il a passé par l’—; he has been strictly examined.

étaminé, -e, adj., (bot.) stamened.

étamineuse, adj.f., (bot.) having stamina, but no petals or leaves.

étaminier, n.m., stamin-maker.

étamper, v.a., to punch (horse-shoes).

étampure, n.f., the holes of a horse-shoe.

étamure, n.f., melted tin, tinning, material for tinning.

étanche, adj., water-tight; air-tight; steam-tight.

étanché, part., stopped (of a leak).

étanchement (é-tānsh-mān), n.m., stanching; stopping; quenching; slaking. L’— du sang; the stopping of blood.

étancher, v.a., to stanch; to stop; to slake, to quench. — le sang; to stop the blood. — la soif; to quench the thirst. — un vaisseau; (nav.) to free a ship of water.

étançon, n.m., prop, stay, supporter, shore; (nav.) stanchion.

étançonner, v.a., to prop, to underprop, to stay, to support, to shore.

étanfiche, n.f., quarry-stratum.

étang, n.m., pond, fish-pond; pool. Peupler un —; to stock a pond. Pêcher un —; to drag a pond.

étape, n.f., store-house; rations; forage; halting place; stage. Brûler l’—; to pass through without stopping.

étapier, n.m., (milit.) distributor of rations.

état, n.m., state; commonweal, commonwealth; case, condition; position, circumstance, plight, predicament, account, statement, return; list, register, inventory, estimate; establishment; calling, profession, station; office. pl., dominions; (med.) acme; (milit.) list, muster-roll. Mettre hors d’— de; to put it out of any one’s power to. Il est en — de payer; he is able to pay, he is in a position to pay. En quelque — que soit l’affaire; however the matter may stand. De son —; by profession, by trade. Se mettre en — de défense; to put one’s self in a state of defense. Mettre en —; to enable, to prepare for. Tenir une chose en —; to keep a thing ready; to keep a thing in its place. Tenir en —; to keep in suspense. Faire peu d’— de; to have a poor opinion of. L’—-major; (—s-—s) (milit.) staff, staff-office, —s-généraux; states-general. — de comptes; statement of accounts. Tenir un grand —; to keep a large establishment. Ministre, secrétaire, d’—; minister, secretary, of state. Coup d’—; stroke of state policy. Homme d’—; statesman. Affaires d’—; state affairs. Raison d’—; state policy. Les —s-Unis d’Amérique; the United States of North America. Remettre en —; to set right again.

étau, n.m., vice. Les mâchoires de l’—; the chops of the vice. — à main; hand-vice.

étayement (-tê-mān), n.m., staying, shoring, bearing up, propping, supporting.

étayer, v.a., to stay, to prop, to bear up, to support, to shore.

etc., conj., (ab. of et cætera) etc.

et cætera, conj., et cætera.

été, n.m., summer; prime (of life). — chaud, brûlant; warm, scorching, summer. Au milieu de l’—; in the middle of summer. Être dans son —; to be in one’s prime.

*éteigneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., (pers.) extinguisher.

*éteignoir, n.m., extinguisher (instrument).

éteindre (*éteignant, éteint), v.a., to put out, to extinguish, to quench, to appease; to exterminate, to destroy, to obliterate; to soften (colors); to wear out; to liquidate (a debt); to strike out. Eteignez la chandelle; put out the candle. — de la chaux; to slake lime. — la soif; to quench the thirst. — une pension; to buy up, to redeem, an annuity. — une obligation; to cancel an obligation. — le souvenir de; to obliterate the recollection of. — une couleur; to soften down a color.

s’éteindre, v.r., to be extinguished, to be put out, quenched; to go out, to die away, to die out; to decrease, to diminish, to be diminished; to be slaked (of lime). Le feu s’éteint; the fire is going out. Cette maison va s’—; that family will soon die out, will soon be extinct.

éteint, -e, part., put out, extinguished, out, extinct. Mon feu est —; my fire is out. Elle a la voix —e; her voice is scarcely audible. Des yeux —s; dull eyes.

étendage, n.m., lines to hang things to dry upon; drying-room.

étendard, n.m., standard, colors, banner, flag. Arborer, déployer, planter, un —; to hoist, to display, to plant, a standard. Lever l’— de la révolte; to raise the standard of rebellion.

étendeuse, n.f., (spinning) stretcher.

étendoir, n.m., drying-room; (print.) peel.

étendre, v.a., to spread, to stretch, to expand, to distend; to lay out; to lengthen, to prolong, to draw out; to lay dead, to kill one on the spot; to enlarge, to extend, to widen; to wire-draw; to lay on (colors); to overthrow, to throw down. — du beurre sur du pain; to spread butter upon bread. — son armée; to extend one’s army. — du linge; to lay out linen. — le bras; to stretch out one’s arm. — les ailes; to spread the wings. — son commerce; to extend one’s trade.

s’étendre, v.r., to stretch one’s self out, to sprawl; to reach, to extend; to expatiate, to dwell; to lengthen, to grow out; to draw out, to launch. Il s’étendit tout de son long sur l’herbe; he laid himself at full length upon the grass. Aussi loin que la vue peut s’—; as far as the eye can reach. S’— sur un sujet; to expatiate, to dwell, upon a subject.

étendu, -e, part., stretched, spread, extended. Du linge — sur l’herbe; linen laid out on the grass. Un empire fort —; a widely extended empire. La vue est ici fort —e; the view here is very extensive. Des connaissances —es; extensive knowledge. Il a une voix très —e; he has great compass of voice. C’est un esprit fort —; he is a man of vast intellect.

étendue, n.f., extent, extensiveness, expanse; compass, length. Dans toute son —; to the full. La vaste — des mers; the wide expanse of ocean. Grande — de voix; great compass of voice.

éternel, -le, adj., eternal, everlasting, ever-enduring, endless, ever-living. Le Père —; God Almighty.

éternel, n.m., Eternal, God; Everlasting.

éternelle, n.f. V. immortelle.

éternellement (-nèl-mān), adv., eternally, to all eternity, everlastingly; forever, perpetually; incessantly, continually, for evermore.

éterniser, v.a., to perpetuate. — son nom; to immortalize one’s name.

s’éterniser, v.r., to be perpetuated, to be rendered eternal.

éternité, n.f., eternity, everlastingness. De toute —; from all eternity.

éternue, n.f., (bot.) florin, sneezewort.

éternuement or éternûment, n.m., sneezing, sneeze.

éternuer, v.n., to sneeze.

éternueu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., sneezer.

étésien, adj., etesian.

étêtement (é-têt-mān), n.m., pollarding, topping.

étêter, v.a., (hort.) to top, to pollard; to take off the heads (of nails, pins).

☉éteuf (é-teu), n.m., ball (at tennis).

éteule or esteuble, n.f., stubble.

éther (é-tèr), n.m., ether.

éthéré, -e, adj., ethereal.

éthérifier, v.a., to etherealize; to etherize.

s’éthérifier, v.r., to become etherized.

éthérisation, n.f., (chem.) etherification.

éthériser, v.a., (chem.) to etherealize; (med.) to produce insensibility by means of ether.

éthiopien, n.m., -ne, n.f., Ethiopian.

éthique, n.f., ethics, morals.

éthique, adj., ethic, ethical.

ethmoïdal, -e, adj., (anat.) ethmoidal. L’os —; ethmoidal bone.

ethmoïde, n.m., (anat.) ethmoid.

ethnarchie, n.f., ethnarchy.

ethnarque, n.m., ethnarch.

ethnique, adj., ethnic, ethnical.

ethnographe, n.m., ethnologist.

ethnographie, n.f., ethnography.

ethnographique, adj., ethnographical.

ethnologie, n.f., ethnology, ethnography.

ethnologue, n.m., ethnologist, ethnographer.

ethnologique, adj., ethnologie, ethnological.

éthologie, n.f., ethology.

éthologique, adj., ethologic.

éthopée, n.f., description of human passions and manners.

étiage (é-tiaj), n.m., low-water mark.

étier (é-tié), n.m., ditch (for conveying sea-water to a salt-marsh).

étincelant, -e (é-tin-slān, -t), adj., sparkling, glittering, flashing, twinkling, glistening.

étinceler (é-tin-slé), v.n., to sparkle, to flash, to gleam, to twinkle, to glitter. Les yeux lui étincellent de colère; his eyes are flashing with anger. Cet ouvrage étincelle d’esprit; that work sparkles with wit.

étincelette, n.f., little spark.

étincelle, n.f., spark, flash of fire. Jeter des —s; to throw out sparks. Il n’a pas une — de bon sens; he is utterly devoid of good sense.

étincellement (-sèl-mān), n.m., sparkling, twinkling, glistening, scintillation.

étiolement (é-tiol-mān), n.m., etiolation, branching; sickliness (of plants); (med.) chlorosis; paleness, emaciation.

étiolé, -e, adj., part., etiolated; pale, wan, emaciated; sickly.

étioler, v.a., to etiolate (plants).

s’étioler, v.r., to etiolate, to blanch; (pers.) to be weakened, to grow enfeebled; (of plants) to waste away; to wither.

étiologie, n.f., (med.) etiology.

étique, adj., hectic; consumptive; lean, lank, emaciated.

étiqueter (é-tik-té), v.a., to label, to ticket.

étiquette, n.f., ticket, label; etiquette. Condamner sur l’— du sac; to condemn without examining, or to condemn on appearances. Tenir à l’—; to be particular; to stand on ceremony.

étirage, n.m., stretching; wire-drawing.

étire, n.f., stretching-iron (of curriers).

étirer, v.a., to stretch; (tech.) to lengthen, to wire-draw.

s’étirer, v.r., to stretch out one’s limbs.

étisie, n.f., consumption, decline.

étoffe, n.f., stuff; cloth, material; condition, quality, worth. pl., stuffs; (print.) wear and tear, plant. — drapée; woolen cloth. Il y a de l’— chez lui; he has got some stuff in him.

étoffé, -e, adj., stuffed, lined; upholstered (of furniture); comfortably off; stout, full-bodied; substantial. Discours bien —; well-arranged speech; speech full of capital things. Maison bien —e; well-furnished house. Homme bien —; man in good circumstances.

étoffer, v.a., to stuff, to line, to furnish with materials; to upholster.

étoile, n.f., star; (man.) blaze; center (of walks in parks); star-wheel, fate, destiny; asterisk; (print., fort.) star. À la lumière des —s; by starlight. — polaire; polar-star. — tombante, filante; shooting star. — de mer; starfish. Coucher à la belle —; to sleep in the open air. Né sous une mauvaise —; born under an unlucky star. Voir des —s en plein midi; to “see stars.”

étoilé, -e, adj., starry; full of stars, studded. La voûte —e; the spangled vault. Bouteille —e; starred bottle (cracked).

étoiler, v.a., to star, to stud with stars; to crack; to blaze; to mark with a star.

s’étoiler, v.r., to star, to crack; to become studded with stars.

étole, n.f., (c.rel.) stole.

étonnamment (é-to-na-mān), adv., astonishingly, wonderfully, amazingly.

étonnant, -e, adj., astonishing, surprising, wonderful, marvelous, amazing.

étonné, -e, part., astonished. Être — de; to be astonished at. Faire, jouer l’—; to feign astonishment.

étonnement (é-ton-mān), n.m., astonishment, amazement; admiration, wonder; fright, terror; ☉shock. Frapper d’—; to strike with amazement. Remplir d’—; to fill with astonishment. Je ne reviens pas de mon —; I cannot recover from my astonishment. Tout le monde est dans l’—; every body is amazed. À l’— de tout le monde; to the astonishment of everybody.

étonner, v.a., to astonish, to amaze, to startle, to stagger; to astound, to stun. Je suis étonné qu’il ne m’en ait rien dit; I wonder he said nothing about it to me.

s’étonner, v.r., to be astonished, to be amazed, to wonder. Il ne s’étonne de rien; he is astonished at nothing.

étouffade, n.f. V. étouffée.

étouffant, -e, adj., suffocating; sultry, close, sweltering. Chaleur —e; sweltering heat.

étouffé, -e, part., suffocated, stifled; suppressed; concealed; stamped out.

étouffée, n.f., (cook.) estoufade.

étouffement (é-toof-mān), n.m., suffocation, stifling.

étouffer, v.a., to suffocate, to choke, to throttle, to smother, to stifle, to suppress; to hush up; to deaden (sound). Les mauvaises herbes étouffent le blé; weeds choke the corn. — une affaire; to hush up an affair. — une révolte; to suppress a revolt. — la voix; to drown the voice.

étouffer, v.n., to be choking, to be choked; to be suffocated; to swelter. On étouffe ici; there is no breathing here. — de rire; to choke with laughter.

étouffoir, n.m., cinder-pail; extinguisher (for charcoal); damper (piano).

étoupe, n.f., tow, oakum. Mettre le feu aux —s; to add fuel to the flame; to fan. — goudronnée; tarred oakum.

étoupement, n.m., stopping, stuffing; (nav.) calking.

étouper, v.a., to stop (with tow or oakum); (nav.) to calk. S’— les oreilles; to stop one’s ears with cotton-wool.

étoupi-er, -ère, n.m.f., oakum-picker.

*étoupille, n.f., (artil.) quick-match; tube.

*étoupiller, v.a., (artil.) to prime.

*étoupillon, n.m., (artil.) toppin.

étoupin, n.m., wad, wadding.

étourdeau, n.m., young capon.

étourderie, n.f., giddiness, heedlessness, thoughtlessness, giddy act, blunder. Il fait toujours des —s; he is always committing some thoughtless act or other.

étourdi, -e, adj., stunned; giddy, dizzy, thoughtless, heedless; giddy-headed.

étourdi, n.m., -e, n.f., rattle-head, mad-cap, romp. C’est une —e; she is a giddy creature. À l’—e; giddily, heedlessly, rashly. Jeter à l’—e; to blurt out.

étourdiment, adv., inconsiderately, heedlessly, thoughtlessly.

étourdir, v.a., to stun, to deafen, to make dizzy, to make giddy; to astound; to din; to assuage (pain); to parboil. — la grosse faim; to take the edge off one’s appetite. — de la viande; to partly cook meat. — de l’eau; to take the chill off of the water.

s’étourdir, v.r., to divert one’s thoughts; to be preoccupied; to try to forget. Il s’étourdit sur son chagrin; he tries to forget his grief.

étourdissant, -e, adj., stunning, deafening, astounding.

étourdissement (-dis-mān), n.m., stunning, dizziness, giddiness; amazement; stupefaction; stupor; shock. Il a des —s; he is subject to attacks of giddiness. Le premier — passé; when the first shock was over.

étourneau, n.m., (orni.) starling; giddy fellow; flea-bitten horse.

étourneau, adj., flea-bitten (of horses).

étrange, adj., strange, odd, queer, novel; uncouth. Chose —! strange! strange to say! C’est une personne bien —; she is a very queer sort of a person.

étrangement (é-tranj-mān), adv., strangely, queerly; terribly.

étrang-er, -ère, adj., strange; foreign; unknown; irrelevant; outlandish. Ministre des affaires —ères; minister for foreign affairs. Être — à une science; to be unacquainted with a science. Un fait — à la cause; a fact unconnected with or foreign to the case. Corps —; extraneous body. Une langue —e; a foreign language.

étrang-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., foreigner, stranger, alien, outsider; foreign parts. C’est un —; he is a foreigner. À l’—; abroad. Passer à l’—; to go abroad.

☉étranger, v.a., to estrange, to drive away.

s’étranger, v.r., (hunt.) to desert a country, to disappear from (of game).

étrangeté (é-tranj-té), n.f., strangeness; oddness, queerness.

☉étranglant, -e, adj., strangling; overwhelming, amazing; decisive.

étranglé, -e, part., scanty, too narrow. Discours —; speech too much compressed.

étrangle-loup, n.m., (—) (bot.) true-love.

étranglement, n.m., strangling; garotting; (med.) strangulation; stricture.

étrangler, v.a., to strangle, to throttle, to choke, to stifle; to make too little, too narrow, to make scanty, to compress, to confine, to scant, to slur over. Cet habit est étranglé; that coat is too scanty. — une affaire; to slur over a business.

s’étrangler, v.r., to strangle one’s self.

étrangler, v.n., to be choked, to be strangled.

étrangleu-r, -se, n.m.f., garotter, strangler.

*étranguillon (-ghi-ion), n.m., (vet.) strangles. Poire d’—; choke-pear.

étrape, n.f., small sickle (for stubble).

étraper, v.a., to cut stubble.

étraquer, v.n., (hunt.) to track (on the snow).

étrave, n.f., (nav.) stem.

être (étant, été), v.n., to be, to exist; to belong; to have; to stand; to take part in; to come; to go; to lie; to prove to be; to turn out to be. — en bonne santé; to be in good health. — fatigué; to be tired. — à quelque chose; to be doing anything. Y —; to be at home; to have hit it. En — là; to have come to that. J’y suis; I have it. Je suis des vôtres; I shall join your party. Je n’en suis plus; I cry off. Il n’en est rien; such is not the case, it is nothing of the sort. — sage; (of children) to be good. — bien avec quelqu’un; to be on good terms with any one. — mal avec quelqu’un; to be on bad terms with any one. — de moitié; to go halves. Hé bien, soit; well, let it be so. Ainsi soit-il; so be it. Ce tableau est du Poussin; this picture is by Poussin. Il est de Paris; he is a native of Paris. Cet enfant est à moi; that child belongs to me. Cela n’est pas; it is not so. C’est que; the fact is, the truth is. Si ce n’est que; except that. N’eût été que; had it not been for. Il en sera de nous comme des autres; it will be with us as with others. Ce sont eux qui; it is they who. Je suis à vous dans un moment; I shall be at your service, with you, in a moment. Cette fois ça y est; now for it! Done this time, and no mistake! Qu’est-ce que c’est? what is it? C’est à vous de parler; it is for you to speak. C’est à vous à parler; it is your turn to speak. Où en êtes-vous? where are you? how far have you got? Je ne sais pas où j’en suis; I do not know how I am situated, I do not know what I am about. Il est à présumer; it is to be presumed. Il n’est pas en moi de l’éviter; it does not depend upon me to avoid it. En êtes-vous encore là? do you still believe that? Il en sera ce qu’il plaira à Dieu; it will be as God pleases. J’en serai de moitié; I will go halves in it. J’y suis pour un tiers; I am in for a third share. Je n’en suis plus; I have declared off. Je n’y suis pour rien; I have no hand in the matter. C’en est fait du lui; it is all over with him. Voilà où nous en sommes; such is our present situation. Il ne sait où il en est; he does not know where he is. Que sera-ce de? what will become of? Vous y êtes; you have hit it. Cela n’en est pas; that does not belong to it. Je suis tout à vous; I am entirely at your service. Si j’étais de or Si j’étais que de vous; (fam.) were I in your place. Je n’y suis pour personne; I am at home to no one. Madame n’y est pas; my mistress is not at home. Quoi qu’il en soit; at all events, be that as it may. En — pour son argent; to lose one’s money over anything. J’en suis pour mes frais; I have lost my time and money. En — pour vingt francs; to be in for it to the tune of twenty francs. — à l’étroit; to be cramped for room. On ne peut pas — et avoir été; you can’t have your cake and eat it.

être, n.m., being, existence; trunk (of a tree). Les —s d’une maison; the parts, ins and outs of a house. Non —; nonentity. Bien-—; welfare, comforts of life. Il sait tous les —s de cette maison; he knows all the ways of that house. Couper à blanc —; (of trees) to cut down to the root.

étrécir, v.a. V. rétrécir.

s’étrécir, v.r. V. se rétrécir.

étrécissement (-sis-mān), n.m. V. rétrécissement.

étrécissure, n.f. V. rétrécissure.

étreindre (étreignant, étreint), v.a., to bind, to tie, to tie up; to press, to clasp.

étreinte, n.f., knot; clasping, pressing; embrace. De douces —s; sweet embraces.

étrenne (é-trè-n), n.f., handsel. pl., New Year’s gift.

étrenner (é-trè-né), v.a., to give a New Year’s gift, to give a Christmas-box; to handsel; to try or put on for the first time; to buy the first lot.

*étrésillon, n.m., prop, stay, support.

*étrésillonner, v.a., to prop, to stay.

étrier, n.m., stirrup; iron-hook; (surg.) stirrup-bandage; strap. Il est ferme sur ses —s; he has a firm seat in the saddle. Vin or coup de l’—; stirrup-cup. Il a toujours le pied à l’—; he is never out of the saddle. Courir à franc —; to ride full speed. Faire perdre les —s à quelqu’un; to put any one out of countenance. Tenir l’— à; to give a lift to.

étrière, n.f., stirrup-bar; spring-bar.

*étrille, n.f., curry-comb.

*étriller, v.a., to curry, to comb (a horse); to fleece; to give a thrashing to; to drub.

étriper, v.a., to gut (animal). Aller à — cheval; to ride a horse at breakneck speed.

étriqué, -e, adj., scanty; narrow; curtailed. Habits —s; scanty clothes, coat.

étrivière, n.f., stirrup-leather. Donner les —s à quelqu’un; to give any one a thrashing. Allonger l’—; to raise fresh difficulties; to cause further delay.

étroit, -e, adj., narrow, tight, strait, close; intimate; limited, confined; scanty, small. Habit —; tight coat. Esprit —; narrow mind. Être dans une —e amitié avec quelqu’un; to be on the most intimate terms with any one. A l’—; narrowly. Être à l’—; to be pinched, to be poor, to be badly off for room. Vivre à l’—; to live sparingly.

étroitement (é-troat-mān), adv., closely, tightly, narrowly; intimately, sparingly. — uni; closely united.

étroitesse, n.f., narrowness; straitness; tightness, closeness. — d’esprit; narrow-mindedness.

étronçonner, v.a., to lop off.

étrusque, adj., Etruscan.

étude, n.f., study; (in colleges) school-room, time of study; examination; survey; rehearsal; (paint.) academy figure; office, chambers, practice (of attorneys); disguise, art, affectation. pl., education. Cabinet d’—; study. Maître d’—; usher. Avoir de l’—; to be a man of attainment. Je me fais une — de; I make it a study to. Il a fait ses —s; he has finished his education. Il a fait de bonnes —s; he has had a good education. Être sans —; to have no education. À l’—; (of plans) being considered, under consideration; (of plays) in rehearsal.

étudiant, n.m., student, undergraduate. — en droit; law student. — en médecine; medical student.

étudié, -e, part., studied, affected, far-fetched. Langage —; studied language. Tableau fort —; elaborate piece of painting.

étudier, v.n., to study; to learn; to practise (music); to examine; to survey.

étudier, v.a., to study; to practise (music). — la nature; to study nature. — son rôle; to study one’s part. — un discours; to study a speech.

s’étudier, v.r., to study, to make it one’s study, to school one’s self.

étudiole, n.f., paper-case.

étui, n.m., case, box; sheath, wing-sheath; needle-case. — de chapeau; hat-box.

étuve, n.f., sweating-room; (manu.) stove, drying stove.

étuvée, n.f., stewed meat.

étuvement (é-tuv-mān), n.m., bathing, fomenting (of a wound).

étuver, v.a., to bathe, to foment; (cook.) to stew.

☉étuviste, n.m., bath-keeper.

étymologie, n.f., etymology.

étymologique, adj., etymological.

étymologiquement, adv., etymologically.

étymologiser, v.n., to etymologize.

étymologiste, n.m., etymologist.

eubages, n.m.pl., Gaulish Druids.

eucharistie (eu-ka-ris-tî), n.f., Eucharist.

eucharistique, adj., eucharistical.

eucologe, n.m., euchology.

eucraisie, n.f., (med.) eucrasy.

eudiomètre, n.m., eudiometer.

eudiométrie, n.f., eudiometry.

eudiométrique, adj., eudiometric.

eufraise, n.f., (bot.) euphrasy, eyebright.

euh, int., aha! oh! Euh! Euh! so, so.

eulogie, n.f., ☉(rel.) consecrated bread. pl., (Grec. rel.) broken remnants of the host.

euménide, n.f., (myth.) Fury.

eunuque, n.m., eunuch.

eupatoire, n.f., (bot.) eupatory.

euphémique, adj., euphemistic.

euphémisme, n.m., euphemism.

euphonie, n.f., euphony.

euphonique, adj., euphonical.

euphorbe, n.m., (bot.) euphorbia, spurge, (pharm.) euphorbium.

euphorbiacées, n.f.pl., (bot.) euphorbiaceæ.

européen, -ne (-in, è-n), n. and adj., European.

eurythmie, n.f., eurythmy.

eustache, n.m., cheap clasp-knife, whittle.

eustyle, n.m., (arch.) eustyle.

eutychéen or eutychien, n.m., eutychian.

eux, pron. m.pl., they; them. —-mêmes; themselves. Entre —; between them.

évacuant, -e, adj., (med.) evacuant.

évacuant, n.m., (med.) evacuant.

évacuati-f, -ve, adj., (med., l.u.) evacuant.

évacuation, n.f., evacuation; ejection. L’— d’une place; the evacuation of a fortress or town.

évacuer, v.a., to evacuate; to throw off, to eject, to clear. — les humeurs; to throw off the humours. Faites — la salle; clear the room. — une place; to evacuate a place.

s’évader, v.r., to make one’s escape, to escape, to break loose; to get away.

évagation, n.f., evagation.

évaluable, adj., ratable, appraisable.

évaluation, n.f., valuation, estimate. L’— d’une perte; the estimate of a loss.

évaluer, v.a., to value, to estimate, to rate.

évangélique, adj., evangelical.

évangéliquement (-lik-mān), adv., evangelically.

évangéliser, v.a., to evangelize, to preach the Gospel to.

évangéliser, v.n., to evangelize, to preach the Gospel.

évangéliste, n.m., Evangelist.

évangile, n.m., Gospel. Côté de l’—; left-hand side of the altar. Prêcher l’—; to preach the Gospel. Il croit cela comme l’—; he takes that for Gospel. Prendre tout pour paroles d’—; to take all for Gospel. L’— du jour; the current news; (rel.) the gospel for the day.

évanoui, -e, adj., in a swoon; insensible, unconscious, senseless; vanished, dispelled, gone.

s’évanouir, v.r., to faint, to swoon, to swoon away; to vanish, to disappear, to fade away. Cette nouvelle l’a fait s’—; that news made her swoon.

évanouissement (-noo-is-mān), n.m., swoon, swooning away, fainting fit, syncope, disappearance. Revenir d’un —; to recover from a swoon.

évaporable, adj., evaporable.

évaporati-f, -ve, adj., causing evaporation.

évaporation, n.f., evaporation; giddiness, thoughtlessness.

évaporatoire, adj., evaporating.

évaporé, -e, n. and adj., giddy, thoughtless person; evaporate, evaporated. Un jeune homme —; a giddy-brained youth.

évaporer, v.a., to evaporate, to give vent, to pour out in words. — son chagrin; to give vent to one’s grief.

s’évaporer, v.r., to evaporate; to get giddy, heedless. Il commence à s’—; his conduct is becoming irregular.

évasé, part., widened; bell-shaped; bell-mouthed. Nez —; nose with wide nostrils.

évasement (é-vâz-mān), n.m., width, widening (at the mouth of a vase, etc.); (arch.) splay.

évaser, v.a., to widen (an opening); to spread, to extend; (arch.) to splay. — un tuyau; to widen a pipe. — un arbre; to extend a tree. S’—; to be widened; to extend, to spread.

évasi-f, -ve, adj., evasive.

évasion, n.f., escape, flight, elopement.

évasivement, adv., evasively.

évasure, n.f., opening; splay.

évêché, n.m., bishopric; episcopate, see; bishop’s palace.

évection, n.f., (astron.) evection.

*éveil, n.m., (l.u.) awakening; (fig.) warning, hint, alert; alarm; suspicion; awaking, rousing. En —; on one’s guard; on the watch. Donner l’—; to warn.

*éveillé, -e, adj., awake, brisk, lively, sprightly; sharp, smart, intelligent. Elle est fort —e; she is very sprightly.

*éveiller, v.a., to awake, to awaken, to wake, to rouse, to excite, to enliven. — les soupçons; to arouse suspicion.

*s’éveiller, v.r., to awake, to wake up; to get animated. Elle s’est éveillée en sursaut; she awoke with a start.

éveilleu-r, -se, n.m.f., awakener; rouser.

événement (é-vé-n-mān), n.m., event, occurrence; emergency; issue, end, result. À tout —; at all events; to provide for emergencies. En cas d’—; upon an emergency.

évent, n.m., flatness, vapidness, deadness; open air; vent-hole; air-hole; (artil.) windage. Sentir l’—; to smell vapid. Avoir la tête à l’—; to be thoughtless, hare-brained, scatter-brained.

éventable, adj., liable to go flat.

*éventail, n.m., fan. Fenêtre en —; fan-light.

*éventailliste, n.m.f., fan-maker.

éventaire, n.m., flat basket.

éventé, -e, part., fanned, aired, flat, dead; giddy, thoughtless. Vin —; dead, flat wine. Un homme —; a giddy, scatter-brained man.

éventer, v.a., to fan, to winnow (corn); to air; to deaden; to let (wine) get flat; to injure by exposure to the air; to discover (a mine); to divulge, to get wind of; to let out (a secret); to discover.

s’éventer, v.r., to fan one’s self, to evaporate, to pall, to become flat; to be divulged; to get abroad; to get wind.

éventoir, n.m., fire-fan.

éventrer, v.a., to embowel, to disembowel, to eviscerate, to gut (fish); to rip up, to break open; to open (a pie).

s’éventrer, v.r., to rip open one’s bowels.

éventualité, n.f., uncertainty, contingency, eventuality.

éventuel, -le, adj., eventual, contingent, uncertain.

éventuel, n.m., extra-grant, capitation-fee.

éventuellement (-tuèl-mān), adv., eventually, contingently.

éventure, n.f., crack, flaw.

évêque, n.m., bishop. — in partibus; bishop in partibus. Devenir d’— meunier; to descend from peer to peasant. Un chien regarde bien un —; a cat may look at a king.

éversi-f, -ve, adj., eversive; subversive.

éversion, n.f., eversion, overthrow.

s’évertuer, v.r., to struggle, to strive, to exert or bestir one’s self; to move heaven and earth. Je m’évertue à le faire; I do all I can to accomplish it.

éviction, n.f., (jur.) eviction, ejectment.

évidement, n.m., scooping out, hollowing; groove, hollow.

évidemment (-da-mān), adv., evidently, obviously, plainly, clearly.

évidence, n.f., evidence, obviousness, plainness, clearness. Mettre en —; to make conspicuous, to make prominent. Être en —; to be conspicuous. Se rendre à l’—; to be convinced; to submit to.

évident, -e, adj., evident, plain, clear, obvious.

évider, v.a., to hollow, to groove, to scoop out; to stamp, to pink; to unstarch.

évidoir, n.m., hollowing-bit, borer.

évidure, n.f., (tech.). V. évidement.

évier, n.m., sink, sink-stone.

évincer, v.a., to evict, to eject; to oust. Il a été évincé; he was turned out.

évitable, adj., avoidable; evitable.

évitage, n.m., (nav.) swinging; swinging-room.

évitée, n.f., (nav.) swinging berth, swinging-room. Le vaisseau fait son —; the ship is swinging round or to. Avoir son —; to have a wide berth.

évitement (é-vit-mān), n.m., (railways) siding, shunting. Gare, voie, d’—; siding.

éviter, v.a., to shun, to avoid, to evade, to eschew; to elude, to escape; to save. — les périls; to avoid dangers. — les mauvaises compagnies; to shun bad company. — la peine; to save trouble.

s’éviter, v.r., to avoid each other; to spare one’s self; (of things) to be avoided.

éviter, v.n., (nav.) to swing. — au vent; to stem the wind. — à la marée; to stem the tide.

évocable, adj., (jur.) removable.

évocation, n.f., evocation, raising up; (jur.) removal.

évocatoire, adj., (jur.) for removal (from one court to another).

évoluer, v.n., (nav., milit.) (l.u.) to perform evolutions; to evolve, to revolve.

évolution, n.f., evolution.

évolutionnaire, adj., (milit., nav.) evolutionary.

évoquer, v.a., to evoke, to raise up, to conjure up; to call up. — à un tribunal supérieur; (jur.) to remove to a superior court.

évulsion, n.f., (tech.) evulsion.

ex (èks), (prefix) ex.

ex abrupto, adv., suddenly, unexpectedly.

exacerbation, n.f., (med.) exacerbation.

exact, -e (èg-zakt), adj., exact, accurate, correct, precise, punctual; close. —e analyse; close analysis. Les sciences —es; the exact sciences. — à; exact in.

exactement, adv., exactly, punctually, accurately; correctly, precisely.

exacteur, n.m., exactor, extortioner.

exaction, n.f., exaction, extortion.

exactitude, n.f., exactness, punctuality, exactitude; correctness, accuracy, precision, closeness. Agir avec —; to be punctual.

exaèdre, n.m. and adj. V. hexaèdre.

exagérat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., exaggerator; given to exaggeration.

exagérati-f, -ve, adj., exaggeratory.

exagération, n.f., exaggeration, amplification; overrating; aggravation.

exagérer, v.a., to exaggerate, to magnify.

exagone, n.m. and adj. V. hexagone.

exaltation, n.f., exaltation, exalting.

exalté, -e, n. and part., enthusiast, fanatic; person over-excited; exalted, elated; over-excited, heated, feverish.

exalter, v.a., to exalt, to extol, to magnify, to glorify, to cry up; to excite, to elate, to inflame, to over-excite; (chem.) to exalt, to purify.

s’exalter, v.r., to become excited, elated, to rise, to be exalted; to be over-excited; to extol, to magnify; to cry up one another.

examen (-min), n.m., examination, investigation, survey; inspection, scrutiny. — préliminaire; little-go. Jury d’—; board of examiners. Faire l’— d’un livre; to examine a book. Après mûr —; after mature examination. — de conscience; self-examination. Se préparer à un —; to prepare for an examination. Libre —; free thinking.

examinat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., examiner. — supérieur pour les mathématiques; (universities) moderator. — adjoint; assistant-examiner.

examiné, -e, part., examined.

examiner, v.a., to examine, to inquire into, to inspect, to survey, to look at; to weigh, to discuss, to consider, to explore. — à fond; to sift thoroughly. — rapidement; to glance over, to run over.

s’examiner, v.r., to examine, to search one’s self; to examine one’s own conscience; to examine, or to observe, one another attentively.

exanthémateu-x, -se, adj., (med.) exanthematous.

exanthémathique, adj., (med.) exanthematic.

exanthème, n.m., (med.) exanthema.

exarchat (-ka), n.m., exarchate.

exarque, n.m., exarch.

exaspérant, -e, adj., exasperating, aggravating.

exaspération, n.f., exasperation, aggravation; acme.

exaspéré, -e, part., exasperated, enraged, incensed.

exaspérer, v.a., to exasperate, to enrage, to incense, to inflame.

s’exaspérer, v.r., to become, or get, or grow exasperated, enraged, incensed.

exaucement (ég-zôs-mān), n.m., granting, hearing (of prayers).

exaucer, v.a., to hearken to, to hear favorably; to grant. Dieu exauce les prières des humbles; God gives an ear to the prayers of the humble.

excavateur, n.m., excavator.

excavation, n.f., excavation, excavating.

excaver, v.a., to excavate, to hollow out.

excédant, -e, adj., exceeding; tiresome, unbearable.

excédent, n.m., overplus; surplus; overweight; (arith.) excess, difference.

excéder, v.a., to exceed, to go beyond; to wear out, to tire out. Il a excédé son pouvoir; he has exceeded his power. — quelqu’un de coups; to beat and bruise any one unmercifully.

s’excéder, v.r., to be worn out; to wear out; to weary, to tire, one’s self out. S’— de débauches; to wear one’s self out with debauchery. S’— de travail; to overwork one’s self; to work too hard.

excellemment (èk-sè-la-mān), adv., excellently, surpassingly.

excellence, n.f., excellence, excellency. Par —; preeminently, above all. Votre —; your Excellency. Donner de l’—; (fam.) to call any one Excellency.

excellent, -e, adj., excellent; delightful; delicious.

excellentissime, adj., most excellent.

exceller, v.n., to excel, to be eminent, to transcend, to be transcendent, to surpass.

excentricité, n.f., eccentricity.

excentrique, adj., eccentric, odd.

excentrique, n.m., (mec.) eccentric-wheel.

excepté, prep., except, excepting, save, but. — que; except that.

excepter, v.a., to except. S’—; to be excepted.

exception, n.f., exception; (jur.) exception; (jur.) plea; (jur.) bar. — déclinatoire; (jur.) plea against the jurisdiction. — péremptoire; (jur.) demurrer. — d’incompétence; (jur.) foreign plea. — tirée de l’aveu or des actes de la partie; estoppel. À l’— de; with the exception of, except, excepting. D’—; exceptional.

exceptionnel, -le, adj., exceptional.

excès, n.m., excess, abuse, waste; intemperance, riot, debauchery; (jur.) ill-usage, outrage, violence; (geom., arith.) excess, difference. A l’—, avec —, jusqu’à l’—; to excess, excessively, immoderately. Faire des —; to commit excesses, to be guilty of excesses.

excessi-f, -ve, adj., excessive, extreme, extravagant; exorbitant; intemperate.

excessivement (-siv-mān), adv., excessively, to excess.

exciper, v.n., (jur.) to plead or to allege an exception.

excipient, n.m., (pharm.) excipient.

excise, n.f., excise; excise-office.

exciser, v.a., (surg.) to amputate, to cut off.

excision, n.f., (surg.) excision, cutting off.

excitabilité, n.f., excitability.

excitable, adj., excitable.

excitant, -e, adj., (med.) exciting.

excitant, n.m., (med.) excitant.

excitat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., exciter.

excitati-f, -ve, adj., excitative.

excitation, n.f., exciting, excitation, excitement, inciting.

excitement (èk-sit-mān), n.m., (med.) excitement.

exciter, v.a., to excite, to provoke, to stir up, to cause, to inspire, to arouse, to rouse; to urge, to stimulate, to encourage, to inspirit, to animate, to quicken, to instigate, to prompt, to spur; to inflame, to irritate. — un chien contre quelqu’un; to set a dog at any one.

s’exciter, v.r., to excite, to animate, to encourage one’s self; to animate, to encourage one another; to be excited.

exclamati-f, -ve, adj., exclamative; (gram.) of exclamation.

exclamation, n.f., exclamation. Point d’—; note of exclamation.

s’exclamer, v.r., to exclaim, to cry out, to clamor; to protest.

exclure, v.a., to exclude, to debar, to shut out, to keep from, to bar, to leave out.

exclusi-f, -ve, adj., exclusive.

exclusion, n.f., exclusion.

exclusivement (-ziv-mān), adv., exclusively.

excommunicateur, n.m., excommunicator. adj., excommunicating.

excommunication, n.f., excommunication.

excommunié, n.m., -e, n.f., excommunicated. Avoir un visage d’—; to look pale and wretched.

excommunier, v.a., to excommunicate.

excoriation, n.f., (surg.) excoriation, barking.

excorier, v.a., (surg.) to excoriate.

excrément, n.m., excrement. — de la terre; scum of the earth.

excrémenteu-x, -se, or excrémentiel, -le, or excrémentitiel, -le, adj., excrementitious, excremental, excrementitial.

excréteur or excrétoire, adj.m., (physiology) excretory, excretive.

excrétion, n.f., (physiology) excretion.

excroissance, n.f., excrescence, excrescency; fungus.

excursion, n.f., excursion, inroad; digression, ramble; trip. En —; for an outing. Faire une —; to make an excursion, to take a trip.

excursionniste, n.m.f., excursionist, tourist.

excusable, adj., excusable, pardonable, venial; (jur.) by misadventure (homicide).

☉excusation, n.f., (jur.) excusation, plea.

excuse, n.f., excuse, apology; (jur.) plea, excusation. Faire des —s; to apologize. Faites —! excuse me! I beg your pardon! Je vous fais —; I beg your pardon.

excuser, v.a., to excuse, to exculpate, to pardon; to bear with; to apologize for. Il l’a excusé auprès du roi; he has apologized for him to the king. On doit — les fautes de la jeunesse; one must bear with the errors of youth.

s’excuser, v.r., to excuse, to exculpate one’s self; to throw the blame on; to decline; to apologize, to make an apology. Le capitaine s’est excusé sur son lieutenant; the captain cast the blame upon his lieutenant. S’— de faire une chose; to decline doing a thing. Qui s’excuse, s’accuse; a guilty conscience needs no accuser.

exeat (èg-zé-at), n.m., exeat; pass, leave (to go out of one diocese into another). Donner à quelqu’un son —; to send off, to discard, to dismiss, any one. Donner un — à; to give any one leave to go out.

exécrable, adj., execrable, deplorable.

exécrablement, adv., execrably, deplorably.

exécration, n.f., execration. Il est en — à tout le monde; he is held in abhorrence by everybody.

exécratoire, adj., execratory.

exécrer, v.a., to execrate, to hold in execration or in detestation.

exécutable, adj., feasible, practicable.

exécutant, n.m., (mus.) performer, player.

exécuter, v.a., to execute, to perform; to accomplish, to carry out, to achieve, to fulfill; (jur.) to distrain; (jur.) to serve; to put to death. J’exécuterai ce que j’ai promis; I shall perform what I promised. — un arrêt; to carry out a sentence.

s’exécuter, v.r., to be performed, to be done, to take place; to sell off (one’s property for the benefit of creditors); to sacrifice one’s self; to yield, to comply, to submit. Allons, exécutez-vous; come, do the needful.

exécut-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., executor, executrix; executioner, hangman. — testamentaire; executor, executrix. Livrer à l’—; to deliver over to the executioner.

exécuti-f, -ve, adj., executive. n.m., the Executive.

exécution, n.f., execution, accomplishment, performance, achievement, fulfillment. Mettre des ordres à —; to execute orders. Mettre à —; to carry out. L’— de ce travail ne répond pas au plan; the execution of this work does not come up to the plan. L’— d’un morceau de musique; the performance of a piece of music. Homme d’—; resolute, bold, enterprising, practical man. Ordre d’—; (of a criminal) death-warrant, warrant for execution. Procéder à l’—; to carry out an execution.

exécutoire, n.m. and adj., (jur.) writ of execution; executory.

exèdre, n.m., (arch.) exedra.

exégèse, n.f., exegesis.

exégétique, adj., exegetical.

exemplaire, adj., exemplary.

exemplaire, n.m., model, pattern; copy (of printed books, engravings); specimen. J’ai trois —s de ce livre-là; I have three copies of that book. J’ai un bel — de cette médaille; I have a fine copy of that medal.

exemplairement (-plèr-mān), adv., exemplarily, in an exemplary manner.

exemple, n.m., example, pattern; precedent, parallel, instance; copy, copy-slip. Proposer un —; to offer an example. Ne vous réglez pas sur son —; do not follow in his footsteps. Faire un — de quelqu’un; to make an example of any one. Prendre — sur quelqu’un; to be guided by any one. Il n’y en a point d’—; there is no precedent for it, there is no example of such a thing. Donnez-m’en un —; give me an instance. Citer un —; to quote an instance. Prêcher d’—; to practice what one preaches. Un dictionnaire sans —s est un squelette; a dictionary without examples is a mere skeleton. À l’— de; in imitation of. Par —; for instance, for example; indeed! bless me! upon my word! upon my honor! only fancy! the idea! Par —, voilà qui est fort! well now, I like that! Sans —; extraordinary, unexampled, unparalleled.

exempt, -e (èg-zān, -t), adj., exempt, exempted, free from.

exempt, n.m., ecclesiastic exempted from the jurisdiction of the ordinary. — de police; police officer; constable.

exempter (èg-zān-té), v.a., to exempt, to free; to dispense, to excuse, to exonerate.

s’exempter, v.r., to exempt one’s self from, to dispense with.

exemption (èg-zānp-sion), n.f., exemption, exoneration, immunity; dispensation. Lettre d’— des droits de douane; (com.) bill of sufferance.

exequatur (-koua-), n.m., (—) exequatur.

exercer, v.a., to exercise, to train up; to perform, to practice, to exert; to fill an office; to follow, to carry on (a trade or profession); (milit.) to drill. — des soldats; to drill soldiers. — sa mémoire; to exercise one’s memory. — la patience de quelqu’un; to try any one’s patience. — l’hospitalité; to practice hospitality. — la médecine; to practice medicine.

s’exercer, v.r., to exercise, to practice; to exercise, to train one’s self; to exert one’s self; to try one’s hand at.

exercer, v.n., to practice; to visit (manufacturers and others who sell excisable articles). Avocat qui n’exerce plus; retired barrister.

exercice, n.m., exercise, practice, use; work, labor; trouble, fatigue; inspection (of an officer of the indirect taxes); (administration) receipts and expenditure during a certain time; (milit.) drill; drilling. Entrer en —; to commence one’s duties. Sortir d’—; to finish one’s term of service. L’— d’une profession; the exercise of a profession. Faire l’—; to exercise, to drill. Faire l’— à des soldats; to drill, to train, soldiers. Subir l’—; to be drilled. Prendre de l’—; to take exercise. Se tenir en —; to keep one’s self in practice. — à jeu; rifle, carbine exercise. — de piété; practice of piety.

exérèse, n.f., (surg.) extraction, amputation, cutting off.

exergue (èg-zèrg), n.m., exergue.

exfoliati-f, -ve, adj., (surg., pharm.) exfoliative.

exfoliation, n.f., (surg.) exfoliation.

s’exfolier, v.r., to exfoliate.

exfumer, v.a., (paint.) to soften.

exhalaison, n.f., exhalation, effluvium.

exhalant, n.m. and adj., (anat.) exhaling vessel; exhaling.

exhalation, n.f., exhalation.

exhalatoire, adj., evaporating. n.m., evaporating-vessel.

exhaler, v.a., to send forth, to exhale; to give forth, to breathe; to vent; to give vent to; to emit. Ces fleurs exhalent une douce odeur; these flowers emit a sweet smell. — sa colère; to give vent to one’s anger.

s’exhaler, v.r., to be emitted, to be exhaled; to give vent to, to indulge in. S’— en plaintes, en menaces; to give vent to complaints, to indulge in threats.

exhaussement (èg-zôs-mān), n.m., (arch.) height; raising up, mound.

exhausser, v.a., (arch.) to raise, to raise up, to run up, to make higher. S’—; to be raised; to raise one’s self.

exhérédation, n.f., (jur.) disinheriting, exheredation, disinheritance.

exhéréder, v.a., (jur.) to exheredate, to disinherit.

exhiber, v.a., to exhibit, to produce, to show. — ses papiers, son passeport; to produce one’s papers, one’s passport.

exhibition, n.f., (jur.) exhibition, producing, exhibiting.

exhibitoire, adj., exhibitory, prohibitive.

exhilarant, -e, adj., exhilarating.

exhortati-f, -ve, adj., exhortative.

exhortation, n.f., exhortation.

exhortatoire, adj., exhortatory.

exhorter, v.a., to exhort, to admonish.

exhumation, n.f., exhumation, disinterment.

exhumer, v.a., to exhume, to dig out; to disinter; to bring to light; to rake up.

exigeant, -e (-jān-t), adj., unreasonable, over-particular, too exacting; troublesome, hard to please.

exigence, n.f., unreasonableness; unreasonable claim or demand; exigency, exigence. Selon l’— du cas; as occasion shall require.

exiger, v.a., to exact, to require, to demand, to enforce. — des égards; to enforce respect. — le payement d’une dette; to exact the payment of a debt.

exigibilité, n.f., exigibility.

exigible, adj., exigible, demandable.

exigu, -ë, adj., scanty, slender, slight, small.

exiguïté, n.f., scantiness, slenderness, slightness, smallness.

exil, n.m., exile, banishment. Envoyer en —; to banish.

exilé, n.m., -e, n.f., exile, refugee.

exiler, v.a., to exile, to banish.

s’exiler, v.r., to exile one’s self; to withdraw, to seclude, one’s self. Il s’est exilé du monde; he has withdrawn from the world.

exinanition, n.f., exhaustion.

existant, -e, adj., existing, in being, existent, extant; in force.

existence, n.f., existence, being, subsistence; living. pl., (com.) stock on hand. Mettre un terme à son —; to put an end to one’s existence.

exister, v.n., to exist; to be in existence, to live; to be extant; to subsist. Cette dette n’existe plus; this debt is extinct. Les ouvrages qui existent; the works which are extant.

exocet, n.m., (ich.) exocœtus, flying fish.

exode, n.m., Exodus; exode.

exomphale, n.f., (surg.) exomphalos.

exonération, n.f., exoneration; freedom from blame.

exonérer, v.a., to exonerate, to discharge, to free from.

exophtalmie, n.f., exophthalmia.

exophtalmique, adj., exophthalmic.

exorable, adj., exorable.

exorbitamment (-ta-mān), adv., exorbitantly, excessively, extravagantly.

exorbitant, -e, adj., extravagant, exorbitant, excessive.

exorciser, v.a., to exorcise, to put out (devils); to conjure.

exorcisme, n.m., exorcism.

exorciste, n.m., exorcist, exorciser.

exorde, n.m., exordium, commencement; beginning.

exosmose, n.f., (phys.) exosmose, exosmosis.

exostose, n.f., (med., bot.) exostosis.

s’exostoser, v.r., (surg.) to form in exostosis.

exotérique, adj., exoteric; vulgar.

exotique, adj., exotic, foreign; outlandish.

expansibilité, n.f., expansibility.

expansible, adj., expansible, expansive.

expansi-f, -ve, adj., expansive; unreserved, open-hearted, overflowing.

expansion, n.f., expansion, unreservedness; opening out. Avoir de l’—; to be open, unreserved, communicative.

expatriation, n.f., expatriation; self-banishment.

expatrier, v.a., to expatriate; to send into banishment.

s’expatrier, v.r., to expatriate one’s self; to leave one’s native country.

expectance, n.f., expectancy.

expectant, -e, adj., expectant.

expectant, n.m., (med.) expectant.

expectati-f, -ve, adj., expectant.

expectative, n.f., expectation, hopes, prospect; (jur.) expectancy. Il est dans l’—; he is in expectation. Avoir l’— de quelque chose; to look forward to the possession of anything.

expectorant, -e, adj., expectorant.

expectorant, n.m., expectorant.

expectoration, n.f., expectoration; sputa.

expectorer, v.a., to expectorate, to spit.

expédient, n.m., expedient; shift; ☉(jur.) compromise. Homme d’—s; man full of expedients, or full of resource. En être aux —s; to be reduced to expedients or to shifts. Son dernier —; one’s last shift.

expédient, adj.m., expedient, fit, meet, proper, advisable.

expédier, v.a., to dispatch, to perform, to send off; to forward; to knock off, to clear off; to clear (at the custom-house); to draw up. — des marchandises; to forward goods. — un acte; to draw up a deed. — des troupes; to send off troops.

expéditeur, n.m., sender, commission-agent; (nav.) shipper.

expéditi-f, -ve, adj., expeditious, quick.

expédition, n.f., expedition, dispatch; sending, shipment; copy (of a deed); clearance (at the custom-house). pl., dispatches. Faire l’— de; (com.) to forward. Le courrier attend ses —s; the courier is waiting for his dispatches. Homme d’—; sharp man of business.

expéditionnaire, adj., expeditionary.

expéditionnaire, n.m., sender, shipper; commission-agent, copying-clerk, forwarding-clerk.

expérience, n.f., experience; trial, experiment. Faire une —; to make an experiment. Des —s de chimie; experiments in chemistry. Je sais cela par —; I know that by experience. Parler par —; to speak from experience.

expérimental, -e, adj., experimental.

expérimentateur, n.m., experimentalist.

expérimenté, -e, adj., experienced.

expérimenter, v.a., to experiment, to try by use, to test; to experience.

expert, -e, adj., expert, skillful, well versed in.

expert, n.m., appraiser, valuer; surveyor; expert.

expertement, adv., expertly, skillfully.

expertise, n.f., survey, valuation, assessment (of specially appointed surveyors); report (of survey), appraisement, arbitration. Faire une —; to make a survey.

expertiser, v.a., to make a survey; to appraise, to value, to assess.

expiation, n.f., expiation, atonement, satisfaction. En — de; as an atonement for. Faire — de; to make an atonement for.

expiatoire, adj., expiatory. Sacrifice —; sin-offering.

expier, v.a., to expiate, to atone for; to make reparation for.

expirant, -e, adj., expiring, dying; faint, inaudible.

expirateur, adj.m., (anat.) expiratory.

expiration, n.f., expiration.

expirer, v.n., to expire; to breathe one’s last; to die away; to come to an end, to run out. Mon bail a expiré hier; my lease was up yesterday.

expirer, v.a., to breathe out; to exhale, to expire.

expléti-f, -ve, adj., (gram.) expletive.

explétif, n.m., (gram.) expletive.

explicable, adj., explicable, explainable.

explicateur, n.m., explainer, cicerone, guide.

explicati-f, -ve, adj., explicative, explanatory.

explication, n.f., explanation, explication, interpretation; construing; meaning. Avoir une — avec; to have an explanation with. Cela demande —; that requires an explanation.

explicite, adj., explicit, clear; express.

explicitement (-cit-mān), adv., explicitly; clearly.

expliquer, v.a., to explain, to express, to declare, to account for, to teach, to expound; to construe, to illustrate. Expliquez-moi ce que cela signifie; explain to me what that means. — une énigme; to solve a riddle. — une doctrine; to expound a doctrine.

s’expliquer, v.r., to explain one’s self; to have an explanation; to be explained; to be accounted for; to be made manifest.

expliqueur, n.m., explainer.

exploit, n.m., exploit, achievement, feat, deed; (jur.) writ, process. Dresser un —; to draw up a writ. Signifier un —; to serve a writ.

exploitabilité, n.f., workableness.

exploitable, adj., workable, that may be turned to account; improvable; (jur.) distrainable. Cette mine est encore —; that mine may still be worked.

exploitant, n.m., worker (of mines); farmer, grower. adj., huissier —; (jur.) process server.

exploitation, n.f., working; improving (lands); cultivation (of wood); employing, using; taking advantage of, cheating. — d’un champ; (agri.) cultivation of a field. — par compartiments; (mining) panel-work. — par grande taille; long-work. — rurale; farming. Matériel d’—; working-stock. En —; being worked; in activity. Mettre en —; to work. — de l’homme par l’homme; profiting by the labor of others; sweating system.

exploiter, v.a., to work; to improve; to cultivate for sale; to use; to make the most of. — une mine; to work a mine; to take advantage of, to impose upon. — un bois; to cultivate a wood for sale. — une place; to make the most of a situation. — la curiosité publique; to speculate upon public curiosity. Cet homme m’a exploité; that man has cheated or taken advantage of me.

☉exploiter, v.n., to serve writs.

s’exploiter, v.r., to be worked, to take advantage one of the other.

exploiteur, n.m., (b.s.) person who takes advantage (of others), who works, who uses (others); sweater.

explorable, adj., explorable.

explorateur, n.m., explorer.

explorat-eur, -rice, adj., exploratory.

exploration, n.f., exploration.

explorer, v.a., to explore. S’—; to be explored.

explosible, adj., explosive.

explosi-f, -ve, adj., explosive.

explosion, n.f., explosion; bursting, blowing up; outbreak, outburst. Faire —; to explode; to burst out, to break out.

exponentiel, -le, adj., (alg.) exponential.

exportateur, n.m., exporter.

exportation, n.f., exportation, export.

exporter, v.a., to export. S’—; to be exported.

exposant, n.m., -e, n.f., exhibitor; (jur.) petitioner; (math.) exponent, index.

exposé, n.m., statement; account, outline; (jur.) recital. Faire un —; to draw up a statement. — des motifs; explanatory statement.

exposé, -e, part. and adj., exposed, on view; situated; having a certain aspect; uncovered; liable; abandoned.

exposer, v.a., to expose, to expose to view, to show, to exhibit; to endanger, to hazard, to venture, to render liable, to make liable, to lay open; to state, to set forth; to expound, to explain, to abandon. — en vente; to expose for sale. — sa vie; to venture one’s life. — ses sentiments; to state one’s sentiments. — un système; to unfold a system. — un corps mort sur un lit de parade; to lay out a dead body in state.

s’exposer, v.r., to expose one’s self; to be exposed, to be liable, to lay one’s self open, to lie open. Il s’expose à la risée de tout le monde; he makes himself the laughing-stock of everybody.

exposer, v.n., to explain; to exhibit. Je ne connais personne qui expose mieux; I know no one who can explain a thing better. Ce peintre n’a pas encore exposé; that painter has not yet exhibited.

exposition, n.f., exhibition, exposing; exposure; lying-in-state (of dead bodies); situation; aspect, statement, explanation. La grande —; the Great Exhibition. Maison dans une — agréable; house with a pleasant aspect. Faire une fidèle — de toutes ses raisons; to give a faithful account of all one’s reasons.

exprès, -se, adj., express, positive; plain, clear, distinct. La loi est —se sur ce point; the law is positive on that point.

exprès, n.m., express (messenger).

exprès, adv., expressly, purposely, on purpose. Il semble fait — pour cela; he seems to be cut out for it. C’est un fait —; it is done on purpose.

express, n.m. and adj., (railways) express, express train. Le train —; the express train.

expressément, adv., expressly, positively; clearly, distinctly.

expressi-f, -ve, adj., expressive.

expression, n.f., expression, expressiveness, utterance. Son regard est plein d’—; his look is full of expression. — imaginaire; (alg.) imaginary, impossible, binomial. La plus simple —; (math.) the lowest terms. Réduire à la plus simple —; to reduce to the lowest terms.

exprimable, adj., expressible.

exprimer, v.a., to express, to press out, to squeeze out; to be expressive of; to declare, to utter, to tell; to word. — le suc d’une plante; to squeeze the juice out of a plant.

s’exprimer, v.r., to express one’s self; to be expressed.

ex professo, adv., ex professo.

expropriation, n.f., (jur.) expropriation, dispossession. — forcée; compulsory dispossession. Jury d’—; (jur.) valuation jury.

exproprier, v.a., (jur.) to dispossess; to expropriate.

expulser, v.a., to expel, to thrust out, to turn out, to eject, to drive out, to put out.

expulseur, adj., expelling.

expulsi-f, -ve, adj., (med.) expulsive.

expulsion, n.f., expulsion, extrusion; (jur.) ejection; ejectment.

expurgatoire, adj., expurgatory. Index —; expurgatory index.

expurger, v.a., to expurgate, to remove, to cancel, to amend.

exquis, -e, adj., exquisite, nice, refined; choice, select. Vin —; delicious wine. Avoir un goût —; to have an exquisite taste.

exquis, n.m., exquisiteness.

exquisement (-kiz-mān), adv., exquisitely.

exsangue, exsanguin, -e, adj., bloodless, anæmic; weak, feeble, spiritless.

exsiccation, n.f., (chem.) exsiccation; dryness.

exsuccion, n.f., exsuction.

exsudation, n.f., exsudation, exudation; sweat; oozing out; perspiration.

exsuder, v.n., to exude, to perspire; to ooze out.

☉extant, -e, adj., (jur.) existing.

extase, n.f., ecstasy, trance; rapture. Tomber en —; to be entranced; to fall into ecstacy or in a trance.

s’extasier, v.r., to be enraptured, to go into raptures; to be struck with admiration.

extatique, adj., ecstatic, rapturous.

extenseur, n.m. and adj., (anat.) extensor.

extensibilité, n.f., extensibility, expansion.

extensible, adj., extensible, tensible; tensile.

extensi-f, -ve, adj., extending, expanding.

extension, n.f., extension; tension, strain; extent; span.

in extenso, adv. V. in extenso.

exténuation, n.f., extenuation, exhaustion, debility.

exténuer, v.n., to extenuate, to enfeeble, to weaken, to debilitate. Sa maladie l’a fort exténué; his illness has weakened him very much.

extérieur, -e, adj., exterior, external, outward, outer, outside; foreign.

extérieur, n.m., exterior, outside appearance; foreign countries, abroad. Les nouvelles de l’—; news from abroad. À l’intérieur et à l’—; at home and abroad.

extérieurement (-eur-mān), adv., externally, outwardly.

exterminat-eur, -rice, n. and adj., destroyer, exterminator; exterminating, destroying.

exterminati-f, -ve, adj., exterminating.

extermination, n.f., extermination.

exterminer, v.a., to exterminate, to destroy, to annihilate.

externat, n.m., day-school.

externe, adj., external, exterior, outward, outdoor.

externe, n.m., day-scholar; (of hospitals) dresser.

extinction, n.f., extinction, extinguishment; destruction; abolition; appeasement; redemption (of annuities); liquidation, settlement (of debts); quelling, suppression (of disturbances); extermination; quenching; slaking (of lime). — des racines; (alg., arith.) evolution. — de voix; loss of voice. À l’— des feux, des bougies; (at auctions) by inch of candle. Jusqu’à — de chaleur naturelle; till one is exhausted.

extinguible, adv., extinguishable.

extirpateur, n.m., extirpator, destroyer; (agri.) weeder; weeding-tool, spud.

extirpation, n.f., excision, extirpation; uprooting, destruction, weeding up.

extirper, v.a., to extirpate, to root out, to pull up, to exterminate, to cut off. — un cancer; to cut out a cancer.

extorquer, v.a., to extort, to wrest, to worm out of.

extorqueu-r, -se, n.m.f., extortioner.

extorsion, n.f., extortion.

extra, n.m., (—) extra, something extra. C’était ma fête et nous avons fait un —, un peu d’—; it was my birthday, so we had something extra, something out of the common. Plat d’—; extra dish.

extractible, adj., extractible.

extractif, n.m., (chem.) extractive, extract.

extracti-f, -ve, adj., extractive.

extraction, n.f., extraction; origin, descent, lineage. L’— d’une dent; the drawing of a tooth. De basse —; of low birth, of humble parentage.

extrader, v.a., to extradite; to surrender.

extradition, n.f., extradition.

extrados, n.m., (arch.) extrados.

extradossé, -e, adj., (arch.) extra-dossed.

extraire (extrayant, extrait), v.a., to extract, to draw, to take out; to make extracts from; to select; to abridge; to take from one prison to another. — un livre; to make an abridgment of a book.

extrait, n.m., extract; selection; epitome; spirit; abstract; docket. — de naissance, de baptême, de mariage; certificate of birth, baptism, marriage. — mortuaire; certificate of death. — authentique; certified copy of a document.

extrajudiciaire, adj., extrajudicial.

extrajudiciairement, adv., extrajudicially.

extra-muros (-rôs), adv., outside the walls (of a city, assembly).

extraordinaire, adj., extraordinary, unusual; uncommon, out of the way; singular, odd, queer; enormous. Il n’y a rien d’— à cela; there is nothing extraordinary in that. Question —; rack (torture). Visage —; odd face.

extraordinaire, n.m., extraordinariness, extraordinary thing, uncommon thing. L’— c’est que ...; the extraordinary part of it is ...

extraordinairement (-nèr-mān), adv., extraordinarily, unusually; oddly, enormously. Procéder — contre quelqu’un; (jur.) to prosecute any one criminally.

extrapassé, -e, part., (paint.) beyond natural limits. V. strapassé.

extrapasser, v.a., (paint.). V. strapasser.

extravagamment (-ga-mān), adv., extravagantly, unreasonably.

extravagance, n.f., extravagance, folly, wildness; mad action. J’ai pitié de son —; I pity his folly. Il a dit mille —s; he said a thousand extravagant things.

extravagant, -e, n. and adj., extravagant, wild person; extravagant, wild. C’est un —; he is a mad fellow.

extravagante, n.f., (c.rel.) extravagant, papal constitution. Les —s; the decretals.

extravaguer (-ghé), v.n., to talk wildly, to rave, to talk like a madman.

extravasation or extravasion, n.f., (med.) extravasation; effusion (of blood).

extravasé, -e, adj., extravasated; let out. Sang —; extravasated blood.

s’extravaser, v.r., to be extravasated.

extrême, adj., extreme, utmost, excessive.

extrême, n.m., extreme, utmost, point. Jusqu’à l’—, à l’—; to an extreme. Il se jette dans les —s; he runs into extremes. Les —s se touchent; extremes meet.

extrêmement (èks-trêm-mān), adv., extremely; immensely, enormously; exceedingly.

extrême-onction, n.f., (n.p.) (c.rel.) extreme unction.

in extremis (i-nèks-tré-mîs), adv., (jur.) at the point of death.

extrémité, n.f., extremity, extreme; excess; last moment; end, tip; verge, border, brink. A l’—; to extremity, at a push; without resource; dying. Passer d’une — à l’autre; to pass from one extreme to another. Pousser à la dernière —; to drive to extremities. À toute —; at the worst.

extrinsèque, adj., extrinsic. Valeur — des monnaies; value assigned to coins independently of their actual weight.

exubérance, n.f., exuberance, luxuriance.

exubérant, -e, adj., exuberant, luxuriant.

exubérer, v.n., to exuberate; to abound; to luxuriate.

exulcérati-f, -ve, adj., (med.) producing ulcers; exulcerative.

exulcération, n.f., (med.) exulceration.

exulcérer, v.a., (med.) to exulcerate.

exultation, n.f., exultation, rapture, great joy.

exutoire, n.m., (med.) exutory, issue.

ex-voto, n.m., (—) votive offering.