Heath's French and English dictionary

by Jean Louis de Lolme

S

s (èss), n.f., (se), n.m., the nineteenth letter of the alphabet, s. [S is added for the sake of euphony to the second pers. sing. of the imperative of verbs of the first conjugation before y, as: vas-y; go there; and also before en, as: donnes-en; give some.] Faire des S; to reel about, to stagger (like a drunken man).

s’, contraction of se.

sa, adj.f., his, her, one’s, its. V. son.

sabbat, n.m., Sabbath, seventh day of the week among the Jews; Sabbath (sabbatic year), nocturnal meeting or nightly revels (of witches); racket, uproar, tumult, scolding. — de chats; caterwauling. Faire un —; to kick up a shindy. Faire un beau — à quelqu’un; to scold any one well.

sabbataire, n.m., Sabbatarian; Seventh-day Baptist.

sabbatique, adj., sabbatical (of years).

sabbatisme, n.m., sabbatism.

sabéen (-in), adj., sabian.

sabéisme or sabaïsme, n.m., Sabaism.

sabin, -e, n.m.f., Sabine man or woman.

sabine, n.f., (bot.) savin.

sabisme, n.m., Sabaism.

sable, n.m., sand; gravel, ballast; (l.u.) hour-glass; (her.) sable.

sablé, -e, adj., laid with sand, sanded. Allée —e; gravel-walk or path.

sabler, v.a., to gravel, to sand, to cover with sand or gravel; to drink off. — un verre de vin; to toss off a glass of wine.

sableu-x, -se, adj., sandy.

sablier, n.m., sand-glass; hour-glass; sand-man, dealer in sand; (nav.) glass; sand-box; (bot.) sand-box.

sablière, n.f., sand-pit, gravel-pit; (carp.) raising-piece; (arch.) wall-plate; torsel.

sablon, n.m., fine sand, scouring sand.

sablonner, v.a., to sand, to scour with sand.

sablonneu-x, -se, adj., sandy, graveled; gritty.

sablonnier, n.m., dealer in sand.

sablonnière, n.f., sand-pit, gravel-pit.

sabord, n.m., (nav.) port, port-hole, gun-port.

sabordement, n.m., (nav.) scuttling.

saborder, v.a., (nav.) to scuttle.

sabot, n.m., sabot, wooden shoe, horse’s hoof, clog; shoe (of carriages); (conch.) turban, turban-shell; socket (of furniture); top (plaything); sorry fiddle; (of ships) old tub. Dormir comme un —; to sleep like a top.

saboter, v.n., to whip a top; to clatter with one’s shoes. v.a., to arm the end of a stake with an iron socket; (pop.) to bungle, to botch.

saboteur, n.m., bungler.

sabotier (-tié), n.m., clog maker, wearer or maker of wooden shoes, wooden shoe-maker.

sabotière, n.f., wooden-shoe shop; dance of people (in wooden shoes).

sabouler, v.a., (pop.) to push about, to jostle, to hustle; to scold, to rate, to bully.

sabre, n.m., saber; broadsword. — baïonnette; rifle-sword, sword-bayonet. — poignard; dirk, saber-poniard.

☉sabrenas, n.m., cobbler; bungler.

☉sabrenasser, v.a. V. sabrenauder.

☉sabrenauder, v.a., to cobble, to botch, to bungle.

sabrer, v.a., to strike or cut with a saber, to saber; to hurry over, to botch, to bungle. — une affaire; to hurry over any business.

sabretache, n.f., (milit.) sabretache.

sabreur, n.m., (fam.) brave soldier, hard fighter, swash-buckler; (fig.) bungler, botcher. Beau —; dashing soldier (cavalry).

☉sabuleu-x, -se, adj., gritty.

saburral, -e, adj., (med.) saburral.

saburre, n.f., (med.) indigestion, foulness of the stomach.

sac, n.m., sack, bag; knapsack; sackcloth; poke-net; (surg.) sac; bag, pouch (of certain animals); plunder, sack, sacking, pillage, ransacking. — de nuit; carpet-bag. — à ouvrage; work-bag. Homme de — et de corde; Newgate-bird. — à vin; drunkard. — à papier! zounds! hang it! bless me! Cul-de-—, (—s-—) blind alley. Mettre quelqu’un au —; to nonplus any one. Tirer d’un — deux moutures; to take double fees. Voir le fond du —; to sift an affair to the bottom. Prendre quelqu’un la main dans le —; to catch any one in the very act, or red-handed. — de blé; sack of wheat. — de procès; lawyer’s bag. Donner communication de son —; (jur.) to communicate papers. Être dans le —; to be in a fair way (to succeed). Remplir son —; (fam., pop.) to fill one’s belly. Donner à quelqu’un son —; to send any one about his business, to give any one the sack. Dans les petites —s sont les fines épices; small parcels hold fine wares. Vider son —; to exhaust one’s budget, to have one’s say out. Prendre son — et ses quilles; to pack off, bag and baggage. Mettre une ville à —; to plunder, to sack a town. Juger sur l’étiquette du —; to judge by appearances.

saccade, n.f., (man.) saccade, jerk (with a bridle); check, rebuke, reproof, reprimand; scolding, rating; (fig.) sudden, brusque movement; fit, start. Par —s; by fits and starts.

saccadé, -e, part., jerked, by jerks; broken, irregular. Style —; abrupt style. Phrases —es; short, pithy sentences.

saccader, v.a., (man.) to jerk, to check.

saccage, n.m., havoc, confusion, jumble, confused heap.

saccagement (sa-kaj-mān), n.m., sack, sackage, sacking, pillaging, ransacking, plunder.

saccager, v.a., to sack, to ransack, to pillage, to plunder; to throw into confusion.

saccageur, n.m., plunderer; sacker, ravager.

saccatier, n.m., coal-heaver.

saccellaire, n.m., (Fr. Hist.) treasurer, keeper of the privy purse.

saccharate (sak-ka-), n.m., (chem.) saccharate. — de chaux; saccharated solution of lime.

sacchareu-x, -se (sak-ka-), adj., saccharine.

saccharifère (sak-ka-), adj., sacchariferous.

saccharimètre (sak-ka-), n.m., saccharimeter, saccharometer.

saccharin, -e (sak-ka-), adj., saccharine.

saccharique (sak-ka-), adj., saccharic.

saccharure (sak-ka-), n.m., (pharm.) sugar of (certain chemicals). — d’aconit; sugar of aconite.

sacciforme (sak-si-), adj., (bot.) bagged.

sacerdoce, n.m., priesthood.

sacerdotal, -e, adj., sacerdotal, priestly.

sacerdotalisme, n.m., sacerdotalism.

sachée, n.f., sackful, bagful.

sachem (sa-shèm), n.m., sachem (Indian chief).

sachet, n.m., satchel, little bag or sack; scent-bag.

sacoche, n.m., saddle-bag; money-bag.

sacramentaire, n.m., sacramentarian.

sacramental, -e, or sacramentel, -le, adj., sacramental. Mots sacramentaux; decisive words.

sacramentalement (-tal-mān) or sacramentellement, adv., sacramentally.

sacre, n.m., anointing, coronation of a king; (orni.) saker; (fig.) blackguard. — d’un évêque; consecration of a bishop.

sacré, -e, adj., sacred, inviolable; holy, consecrated, anointed, crowned; (l.ex.) damned, cursed, confounded, blasted; (anat.) sacral.

sacrebleu, int., by Jove! confound it! dash it!

sacrement, n.m., sacrament; matrimony, marriage. Saint —; Holy Sacrament; (c.rel.) Host; (c.rel.) monstrance. Administrer les derniers —s à quelqu’un; to administer the last sacrament to any one. Recevoir le —; to receive the sacrament, to take the sacrament. Office du saint —; communion-service.

sacrer, v.a., to anoint, to crown, a king; to consecrate a bishop.

sacrer, v.n., to curse, to swear.

sacret, n.m., (hawking) sakeret.

sacrificateur, n.m., sacrificer. Souverain —; high-priest.

sacrificatoire, adj., sacrificial.

sacrificature, n.f., office of sacrificer.

sacrifice, n.m., sacrifice, offering, peace-offering. — d’actions de grâces, — de louange; (Bibl.) thanksgiving.

sacrifier, v.a., to sacrifice, to make offerings; to immolate; to devote (time to a thing). — des victimes; to sacrifice victims. — tout à ses intérêts; to sacrifice everything to one’s interest.

sacrifier, v.n., to sacrifice.

sacrilège, n.m., sacrilege.

sacrilège, n.m.f. and adj., sacrilegist, sacrilegious person; sacrilegious.

sacrilègement (-lèj-mān), adv., sacrilegiously.

sacripant, n.m., hector, bully, swaggerer; scoundrel, blackguard.

sacristain, n.m., sexton; sacristan, vestry-keeper.

sacristie, n.f., sacristy, vestry, vestry-room; audit-house (of cathedrals); church-plate, sacred vases, etc.; church fees.

sacristine, n.f., vestry-nun.

sacro, adj. invariable, (rel.) holy. —-saint; very, doubly holy; (anat.) sacro.

sacrum, n.m., (anat.) sacrum. Os —; sacrum, sacral bone.

saducéen (-cé-in), -ne (-cé-è-n), n. and adj., Sadducee; Sadducean.

saducéisme, n.m., Sadducism.

☉saette, n.f. V. sagette.

safran, n.m. (bot.) saffron; crocus. — bâtard; meadow-saffron, mock-saffron, bastard-saffron, safflower. — de gouvernail; (nav.) after-piece of a rudder.

safrané, -e, adj., saffron, saffroned; yellow.

safraner, v.a., to saffron.

safranière, n.f., saffron-plantation.

safranum (-nom), n.m., (chem.) safflower.

☉safre, adj., (pop.) greedy, gluttonous.

safre, n.m., (chem.) zaffre, zaffer.

saga, n.f., saga (legend of the northern nations of Europe).

sagace, adj., sagacious, acute, shrewd.

sagacité, n.f., sagacity, sagaciousness, quickness, acuteness, shrewdness.

sagamore, n.m., sagamore (Indian chief).

sage, adj., sage, wise, sensible, wary, rational, discreet, judicious, prudent; cool, sober, staid, well-behaved, steady, virtuous, modest; quiet, gentle. Des lois —s; wise laws. Conduite —; steady, prudent conduct. — politique; wise policy. Être —; (of children) to be good, to be well-behaved. Femme —; virtuous woman.

sage, n.m., wise man, sage.

sage-femme, n.f., (—s-—s), midwife.

sagement (saj-mān), adv., sagely, wisely, prudently, discreetly, judiciously, warily, soberly, steadily.

sagesse, n.f., wisdom; moderation, discretion, prudence; steadiness, sobriety, chastity; goodness; good behavior (of children); gentleness (of animals).

☉sagette or saette, n.f., arrow; (bot.) arrow-head; adder’s-tongue.

sagination, n.f., fattening.

sagine, n.f., (bot.) pearl-grass, pearl-wort.

sagittaire, n.m., (astron.) Sagittarius.

sagittaire, n.f., (bot.) arrow-head, adder’s tongue.

sagittale, adj.f., (anat.) sagittal.

sagitté, -e, adj., (bot.) sagittate, arrow-headed, arrow-shaped.

sagou, n.m., sago.

sagouier or sagoutier, n.m., (bot.) sago-tree.

sagouin, n.m., -e, n.f., (mam.) sagoin, squirrel-monkey; slovenly fellow, slovenly woman.

s a i, initial letters of Son Altesse Impériale, His or Her Imperial Highness.

saie, n.f., (antiq.) sagum (tunic, cloak); brush (used by goldsmiths); a light kind of serge.

saietter, v.a., to brush.

*saignant, -e, adj., bleeding, bloody; nearly raw, underdone (of meat).

*saignée, n.f., (surg.) phlebotomy, bleeding, blood-letting; small of the arm; trench (for draining); (fig.) heavy payment, expense; drain.

*saignement (-mān), n.m., bleeding. — de nez; bleeding at the nose.

*saigner, v.a., to bleed, to draw out blood; (cook.) to kill, to stick; to drain; to get money out of, to bleed any one.

se *saigner, v.r., to bleed one’s self, to drain one’s self; to make a sacrifice.

*saigner, v.n., to bleed. Je saigne du nez; I am bleeding at the nose. — du nez; (fig.) to show the white feather, to lack courage. Le cœur m’en saigne; it cuts me to the heart.

*saigneur, n.m., (fam., l.u.) bleeder, blood-letter.

*saigneu-x, -se, adj., bloody. Bout —; scrag end, neck (of lamb, mutton, veal).

*saillant, -e, adj., jutting out, projecting; striking, forcible, remarkable; (her.) salient.

*saillant, n.m., (fort.) the salient angle of any out-work.

*saille! archaic 2d pers. sing. of the imperative of the verb saillir, (nav.) haul! (word of command).

*saillie, n.f., jutting out, projecture; prominence, protuberance; start, sudden gush, spurt, sudden fit, sally; flash of wit, witticism; (arch.) rabbet, ledge; (of a steam-engine) spindle.

*saillir, v.n., (irregular) (arch.) to project, to jut, to jut out, to stand out, to protrude, to rabbet; (paint.) to stand out. Faire —; to bring out; to bring into prominence; to show up. Qui saille; prominent. Cette corniche saille trop; that cornice projects too much.

*saillir, v.a., (regular) (of animals) to leap, to cover, to serve.

*saillir, v.n., (regular) to gush, to spout out (of liquids). V. jaillir, which is much more generally used.

sain, -e, adj., sound, hale, healthy, sane, wholesome; (nav.) clear. — de corps et d’esprit; sound in body and mind. Revenir — et sauf; to return safe and sound. Jugement —; sound, judgment. Nourriture —e; wholesome food.

sainbois, n.m., (bot.) spurge-flax. V. garou.

saindoux, n.m., lard.

sainement (sè-n-mān), adv., soundly, rationally, judiciously, healthily, wholesomely.

sainfoin, n.m., (bot.) sainfoin.

saint, -e, adj., holy, sacred, godly, sainted; sanctified; consecrated, saintly. — homme; godly man. L’Ecriture —e; Holy-Writ. La semaine —e; holy-week. Le vendredi —; Good-Friday. La —-Jean; Midsummer. La —-Martin; Martinmas-day. Le —-siège; the holy see. —-père; holy father, the Pope. Le —-Esprit, l’Esprit-—; the Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit. Le —-empire romain, le —-empire; (formerly) the German empire. —-office; the holy-office (a name for the Inquisition). Mal —-Jean, mal de —; falling sickness. Rendre —; to sanctify. Lieu —; sanctuary. Terre —e; consecrated ground; Holy Land. Feu —-Antoine; Saint Anthony’s fire, erysipelas. La —e journée; the blessed, or the whole, day. Tout le — Frusquin; (pop.) the whole bally lot (of clothes). [Saint is written with a capital letter and joined to the following name by a hyphen, when such name does not designate a saint: la Saint-Jean; Midsummer.]

saint, n.m., -e, n.f., saint, patron saint, patron. — d’une ville; patron saint of a town. Mettre au nombre des —s; to canonize. Il ne sait à quel — se vouer; he does not know which way to turn. Le — des —s; the holy of holies.

saint-augustin, n.m., (n.p.) Saint Augustine; (print.) English.

sainte-barbe, n.f., (—) (nav.) powder-magazine, gun-room. Collège —; (in Paris).

saintement (sint-mān), adv., holily, sacredly; righteously, piously, religiously.

sainte nitouche, n.f., (n.p.) a sanctimonious-looking person. Faire la — —; to sham Abraham.

sainte-pélagie, n.f., (formerly) debtor’s prison; the French “Marshalsea”; (now) a political prison.

sainteté (sint-té), n.f., holiness, sanctity, sacredness, saintliness; godliness, righteousness; Holiness (the pope); (b.s.) saintship.

saint-germain, n.m., (—) (hort.) Saint Germain (a kind of pear).

saint-simonien, n.m. -ne, n.f., (—-—s) Saint-Simonian.

saint-simoniser, v.a., to convert (to the doctrines of) (used by de Balzac).

saint-simonisme, n.m., (n.p.) Saint-Simonianism (system of the Count of Saint-Simon).

saïque, n.f., (nav.) saic.

saisi, -e, adj., seized, possessed, struck, impressed. Être — d’une affaire; to be made cognizant with; to be called upon to look into, to examine; (jur.) distrained.

saisi, n.m., (jur.) person distrained.

saisie, n.f., seizure, distress, distraint, execution. — immobilière; distress on real property. — mobilière; distress on movable goods, distress on personal property.

saisie-arrêt, n.f., (—s-—) (jur.) attachment; garnishment (in London).

saisie-brandon, n.f., (—s-—) (jur.) execution on growing crops.

saisie-exécution, n.f., (—s-—) (jur.) execution; distress.

saisie-gagerie, n.f., (—s-—) (jur.) execution by way of security (for house-rent).

saisie-revendication, n.f., (—s-—) (jur.) attachant of goods claimed (pending litigation).

saisine, n.f., (jur.) seizin; (nav.) gripe, lashing.

saisir, v.a., to seize, to seize upon, to catch, to lay hold of, to catch hold of, to get hold of, to take, to take hold of; to strike, to come upon, to impress, to shock, to startle; to embrace, to avail one’s self of; to understand, to perceive, to discern, to comprehend; to attack; to make cognizant of, to lay before; (jur.) to distrain; (jur.) to vest; (jur.) to attach. — quelqu’un au collet; to collar any one. — l’occasion; to seize the opportunity. — un prétexte; to avail one’s self of an excuse. La peur les a saisis; they were struck with fear. — un tribunal d’une affaire; to lay (an affair) before a court, to bring before a court of justice.

se saisir, v.r., to seize, to catch hold (of), to lay hold (of), to grasp; to take possession, to take cognizance (of); to arrest, to apprehend. Saisi du vol; (of a thief) with the stolen goods upon him.

saisir-arrêter, v.a., (jur.) to attach; (in London) to garnish.

saisir-exécuter, v.a., (jur.) to distrain.

saisissable, adj., distrainable, seizable; attachable.

saisissant, -e, adj., (of cold) keen, sharp, piercing; striking, thrilling, startling, impressive.

saisissant, -e, n. and adj., (jur.) distrainer.

saisissement (-zis-mān), n.m., shock, chill, violent impression, pang; (of criminals) pinioning.

saison, n.f., season, weather; proper time, moment. Arrière-—, (—-—s) latter end of autumn; (fig.) aftermath. La — est avancée; the season is forward. Morte-—, (—s-—s) (com.) dull, dead season. Morte —; winter. En temps et en —; in due season. Être en pleine —; to be in their prime (of flowers and fruits). Ces mets ne sont plus de —; those dishes are out of season. De —; in season. Marchand des quatre —s; costermonger, hawker.

salace, adj., salacious.

salacité, n.f., salaciousness, salacity.

salade, n.f., salad, salading; mess (for horses); sallet (kind of helmet). Retourner, fatiguer, la —; to mix the salad.

saladier, n.m., salad-dish, salad-bowl.

salage, n.m., salting.

salaire, n.m., wages, pay, hire; recompense, reward, retribution, punishment. Toute peine mérite —; the laborer is worthy of his hire.

salaison, n.f., salting; salt-provision.

salamalec, n.m., (jest.) low bow, salaam.

salamandre, n.f., salamander, fire-eater.

salangane, n.f., (orni.) esculent swallow.

salant, adj., salt; saline. Marais —; salt-marsh.

salarié, -e, n. and part., salaried person; hireling; placeman; paid.

salarier, v.a., to pay; to give wages, or a salary, or a stipend, to.

salaud, -e, n. and adj., sloven, dirty fellow; dirty woman, slut; slovenly, sluttish.

sale, adj. and n.m.f., dirty, nasty, foul; soiled; filthy, low, coarse, dirty person; sloven. Vaisseau —; (nav.) foul ship; (of colors) dull.

salé, n.m., salt-pork. Du petit —; pork newly-salted; pickled pork.

salé, -e, adj., salted, salt, briny; keen, pungent, biting; loose, coarse, broad. Un peu —; saltish. Sources —es; salt-springs. Raillerie —e; biting raillery. Un propos —; a coarse remark.

salement (sal-mān), adv., dirtily, nastily, filthily; (fig.) in a slovenly manner.

salep (sa-lèp), n.m., salep.

saler, v.a., to salt, to salt down; to corn (beef); to overcharge, to lay it on stiff for (goods); to fleece (customers).

se saler, v.r., to be salted (of anything).

saleron (sal-ron), n.m., bowl of a salt-cellar.

saleté (sal-té), n.f., dirt, soil, dirtiness, nastiness, filthiness; filth, dirty rubbish; dirty thing; dirty trick; coarseness, ribaldry, obscenity.

saleur, n.m., salter, curer.

salicaire, n.f., salicaria; purple willow.

salicole, adj., salicultural.

salicoque, n.f., prawn.

salicor, n.m., or salicorne, n.f., (bot.) glasswort, saltwort.

☉salicot, n.m. V. salicoque.

salicotte, n.f., (bot.) saltwort.

saliculture, n.f., saliculture.

salière, n.f., salt-cellar; salt-box; eye-pit (of horses); hollow behind the collar-bone (of persons).

salifère, adj., saliferous.

salifiable, adj., (chem.) salifiable.

salification, n.f., (chem.) salification.

salifier, v.a., to salify.

saligaud, n.m., -e, n.f., (pop.) dirty person; dirty thing; sloven; slut.

*salignon, n.m., salt-cat.

saligot, n.m., (bot.) water-caltrop.

salin, -e, adj., saline, briny.

salin, n.m., salt-marsh; raw salt; brine-pan; salt-works.

saline, n.f., salt provisions, salt fish; salt-mine, salt-works, salt-pit, brine-pit.

salinier, n.m., the owner and worker of salt-works.

salique, adj., salic. Loi —; salic law.

salir, v.a., to dirt, to dirty, to soil, to stain, to foul, to taint, to sully, to tarnish, to disgrace.

se salir, v.r., to dirty one’s self; to get dirty; to soil; to sully one’s reputation, to disgrace one’s self.

salissant, -e, adj., soiling, that soils, that gets dirty.

salisson, n.f., (pop.) young slut.

salissure, n.f., spot of dirt; soil, stain.

salivaire, adj., (anat.) salivary.

salivation, n.f., (med.) salivation.

salive, n.f., saliva; spittle.

saliver, v.n., to spit; to salivate.

salle, n.f., hall, room; ward (in hospitals); (thea.) house; arbor (of gardens). — à manger; dining-room. La — du commun; the servants’ hall. — d’audience; audience-chamber. — de spectacle; play-house. — de billard; billiard-room. — d’armes; fencing-school, school of arms, armory. — de danse; dancing-room, dancing-school. — de verdure; green arbor. — d’asile; infant-school. — des festins; banqueting-hall. — d’étude; study, school-room. — de police; (mil.) guard-room. — du rapport; orderly-room. — de récréation; play-room. — de réunion; assembly-room. — du conseil; council-chamber. — pleine, or comble; crowded house; house-full, full house.

salmigondis, n.m., (cook.) hotch-potch, resurrection pie; medley, farrago.

salmis, n.m., ragout of game (previously roasted).

saloir, n.m., salt-box; salting-tub.

salon, n.m., drawing-room; saloon, parlor; exhibition (of paintings, of works of art). pl., fashionable world; fashionable circles. Petit —; small drawing-room. Fréquenter les —s; to be a man of fashion.

salope, n. and adj. f., slut; disorderly woman; slovenly, sluttish. C’est une vraie —; she is a perfect slut. Marie-—; (—s-—s) mud-boat.

salopement (-lop-mān), adv., (pop.) sluttishly, dirtily.

saloperie (-lo-prî), n.f., slovenliness, sluttishness; coarse language, ribaldry; beastliness, filth.

salorge, n.m., loaf of salt.

salpêtrage, n.m., nitrification; saltpeter-making.

salpêtre, n.m., saltpeter. Ce n’est que du —; he fires up, or he takes fire, at the least thing; (fig.) hastiness; fire, vivacity.

salpêtrer, v.a., to throw saltpeter (over a space of ground); to nitrify (a wall); to throw out, to produce, saltpeter.

se salpêtrer, v.r., to nitrify, to be covered with saltpeter (of walls).

salpêtrerie, n.f., saltpeter-works.

salpêtreu-x, -se, adj., saltpetrous.

salpêtrier, n.m., saltpeter-maker.

salpêtrière, n.f., saltpeter-works. La Salpêtrière; asylum for women.

*salsepareille, n.f., sarsaparilla.

salsifis (-fi), n.m., (bot.) salsify. — sauvage, — des prés; goat’s-beard. — noir, — d’Espagne; viper’s-grass.

saltarelle, n.f., saltarella, Italian dance.

saltation, n.f., saltation.

saltimbanque, n.m., mountebank, clown, buffoon; humbug, quack.

salubre, adj., salubrious, wholesome, healthful, healthy.

salubrité, n.f., salubrity, salubriousness, healthfulness, wholesomeness. Conseil de —; board of health. Inspecteur de —; sanitary inspector.

saluer, v.a., to salute, to bow to; to hail, to greet; to cheer; to proclaim. — la compagnie; to bow to the company. Je vous salue, j’ai l’honneur de vous —; (in letters) your servant, your humble servant. — le soleil; to hail the sun. Saluez-le de ma part; remember me to him. — empereur, or roi; to proclaim emperor, or king. — de onze coups de canon; to fire a salute of eleven guns (in honor of).

se saluer, v.r., to bow to, to salute, each other.

salure, n.f., saltness, brine.

salut, n.m., safety; (rel.) salvation; salute, bow; welfare, preservation, escape, hope or chance of success; salutation; hail; (c.rel.) benediction (after even song). Il a cherché un — dans la fuite; he sought safety in flight. Un profond —; a low bow. Léger —; nod; (nav., milit.) salute. int., —! hail! greeting! À bon entendeur —! a word to the wise is enough.

salutaire, adj., salutary, wholesome, advantageous, beneficial.

salutairement (-tèr-mān), adv., salutarily, beneficially.

salutation, n.f., salutation, pl., compliments; salute; bow. Recevez mes —s empressées; yours very truly (in letters).

☉salvage, n.m. V. sauvetage.

salvanos (-nôs), n.m., (—) (nav.) life-buoy.

☉salvations, n.f., (jur.) rejoinder.

salve, n.f., (artil.) salute, volley. Une — d’applaudissements; a round of applause.

salvé, n.m., (—) (c.rel.) Salve Regina.

samaritain (-tin), -e (-tè-n), n. and adj.; Samaritan.

samedi (sa-m-di), n.m., Saturday. — saint; Easter-eve.

samscrit, -e, adj. V. sanscrit.

san-benito, n.m., (—) san benito.

sancir, v.n., (nav.) to founder, to sink (by the bows).

sanctifiant, -e, adj., sanctifying.

sanctificateur, n.m., sanctifier, adj. sanctifying.

sanctification, n.f., sanctification, holy-keeping.

sanctifier, v.a., to sanctify, to make holy, to keep holy, to hallow.

sanction, n.f., sanction; approbation; assent (of parliament).

sanctionner, v.a., to sanction.

sanctuaire, n.m., sanctuary; (of the temple at Jerusalem) holy of holies; (of churches) chancel, altar; (fig.) church.

sandal or santal, n.m., sandal-wood, sandal.

sandale, n.f., sandal; fencing-shoe.

sandalier, n.m., sandal-maker.

sandaraque, n.f., (bot.) sandarac, pounce.

sandjak, sandjiak, or sandjiakat, n.m. V. sangiac.

sandwich (-ooitch), n.m., sandwich.

sang, n.m., blood; race, parentage, relationship, kindred, race. Un homme de —; a blood-thirsty man. Coup de —; stroke, apoplectic fit. Pur —; thoroughbred. Demi —; halfbred. Mettre à feu et à —; to put to fire and sword. Suer — et eau; to toil and moil or to strain every nerve. Se battre au premier —; to fight till the first blood is drawn. Cela glace le —; that curdles one’s blood. Cela est dans le —; that runs in the blood. Se faire du bon —; (fam.) to amuse one’s self, to have a jolly time (of it). Se faire du mauvais —; to fret, to worry. Bon — ne peut mentir; good breeding will assert itself. Son — n’a fait qu’un tour; he was struck all of a heap.

sang-de-dragon, n.m. (—) (bot.) dragon’s-blood.

sang-froid, n.m., (n.p.) coolness, composure, sang-froid, presence of mind. De —; in cold blood; with composure; soberminded. Perdre son —; to lose one’s presence of mind.

sangiac or sangiacat, n.m., sangiac; district, province; governor (in Turkey).

sanglade, n.f., lash, cut (with a whip).

sanglant, -e, adj., bloody, covered with blood; outrageous, gross; keen, biting, cutting. Affront —; outrageous affront.

sangle, n.f., strap, band, belt; girth (of saddles). Lit de —; cross, or folding, bedstead.

sanglé, -e, adj., strapped; (fig.) ill-treated, cut up; tight, tight-fitting.

sangler, v.a., to bind with a girth, to girth, to strap, to gird; to tighten, to lash, to beat. — un coup de poing; to deal a blow. Avoir été sanglé; to have been beaten, ill-used; (fig.) cut up.

se sangler, v.r., to lace one’s self tightly; (fig.) to stint, or pinch, one’s self.

sanglier, n.m., wild boar. — de mer; sea-hog, boar-fish.

sanglot, n.m., sob. pl., sobbing, moaning (of the sea: V. Hugo). —s entre-coupés; broken sobs.

sangloter, v.n., to sob.

sangsue (san-sû), n.f., leech; (fig.) blood-sucker, extortioner.

sanguification (-gu-i-), n.f., sanguification.

sanguifier (-gu-i-), v.a., to sanguify.

se sanguifier, v.r., to sanguify.

sanguin, -e (-ghīn, -ghi-n), adj., of blood, full-blooded; sanguineous, blood-colored, blood-red. Vaisseau —; blood-vessel.

sanguinaire (-ghi-), adj., sanguinary, bloody, murderous, bloodthirsty.

sanguinaire, n.f., (bot.) bloodwort.

sanguine (-ghi-n), n.f., red chalk, blood-stone.

sanguinelle (-ghi-), n.f., (bot.) gatter-tree.

sanguinolent, -e (-ghi-), adj., (med.) tinged with blood.

sanhédrin, n.m., sanhedrim.

sanicle, n.f., (bot.) sanicle.

sanie, n.f., (med.) sanies.

sanieu-x, -se, adj., sanious.

sanitaire, adj., sanitary.

sans, prep., without; free from; but for, had it not been for, were it not for. — amis; friendless. — doute; without doubt. — cela; were it not for that or else. — quoi; otherwise or else, without that. — y penser; unawares, unthinkingly. — peur; fearless. — le sou; penniless. Cela va — dire; of course, as a matter of course.

sans-cœur, adj. and n.m.f., (pop.) heartless; unfeeling person or wretch.

sanscrit, n.m., Sanscrit (language).

sanscrit, -e, adj., Sanscrit.

sans-culotte, n.m., (—-—s) ragged fellow; sans-culotte; ultra-violent republican.

sans-culottides, n.f.pl., the five supernumerary days to complete the year in the calendar of the first French republic; also, the festivals held during those days.

sans-dents, n.f., (—-—s) toothless old woman.

sans-façon, n.m., bluntness, off-handedness, familiarity.

sans-fleur, n.f., (—-—s) a sort of apple.

sans-gêne, n.m., unceremoniousness; impudence, coolness; off-handedness.

sansonnet, n.m., (orni.) starling.

sans-peau, n.f., (—) summer-pear.

sans que, conj., without. Il a passé — que je l’aie aperçu; he passed without my seeing him.

sans-soin, adj., careless. n.m.f., careless creature.

sans-souci, n.m., (—) careless, indifferent man, jolly fellow.

sans-terre, adj., Lackland. Les —s; the Lacklanders.

santal, n.m. V. sandal.

santaline, n.f., (chem.) santaline.

santé, n.f., health, healthiness; soundness; toast. Comment va la —? how is your health? how are you? Maison de —; private asylum. Bureau de —; board of health. Billet de —; certificate of health. Boire à la — de quelqu’un; to drink any one’s health. Corps de —; medical staff. Officier de —; medical practitioner.

santoline, n.f., (bot.) santolina. [Sometimes, but improperly, used for santonine, which see.]

santon, n.m., santon; a santon’s tomb (in Algeria).

santonine, n.f., (bot.) artemisia santonica; (chem.) santonin.

sanve, n.f., (bot.) charlock.

saoul, adj. V. soûl.

saouler, v.a. V. soûler.

sapa, n.m., (pharm.) grape-jelly, juice.

sapajou, n.m., (mam.) sapajou; (fig. pers.) monkey.

sapan, n.m., sapan-wood.

sape, n.f., (milit.) sap, sapping, mine, trench. Aller à la —; (milit.) to sap.

saper, v.a., to sap, to undermine, to cut away, to shake.

sapeur, n.m., (milit.) sapper.

saphène, n.f., (anat.) saphena.

saphique, n.m. and adj., (Grec. poet.) sapphic.

saphir, n.m., sapphire.

saphirine, n.f., (min.) blue chalcedony.

sapide, adj., sapid, palatable.

sapidité, n.f., sapidity, sapidness, flavor.

sapience, n.f., ☉sapience, wisdom (theol.).

sapientiaux, adj.m.pl., (Bibl.) sapiential.

sapin, n.m., fir, fir-tree; spruce, deal; (pop.) hackney-coach. Sentir le —; to have a foot in the grave. Sa toux sent le —; he has a churchyard cough.

sapine, n.f., fir-plank, deal-board; scaffold-pole.

sapinière, n.f., fir-plantation, fir-grove.

saponacé, -e, adj., saponaceous.

saponaire, n.f., (bot.) soapwort.

saponification, n.f., saponification.

saponifier, v.a., to saponify.

se saponifier, v.r., to saponify.

saponine, n.f., saponine.

saporifique, adj., saporific.

sapote or *sapotille, n.f., sapota (fruit).

sapotier or *sapotillier, n.m., sapota (tree).

sar, n.m. V. sart.

sarabande, n.f., saraband (dance).

sarbacane, n.f., air-cane; pea-shooter; speaking tube; puff and dart. Par —; by proxy.

sarbotière, n.f. V. sorbétière.

sarcasme, n.m., sarcasm.

sarcastique, adj., sarcastic; sarcastical.

sarcelle, n.f., (orni.) teal.

sarcite, n.f., flesh-stone.

sarclage, n.m., (gard.) weeding.

sarcler, v.a., (gard.) to weed; (fig.) to extirpate.

sarcleur, n.m., weeder.

sarcloir, n.m., weeding-hook or fork, hoe.

sarclure, n.f., weedings.

sarcocèle, n.f., (surg.) sarcocele.

sarcocolle, n.f., sarcocolla.

sarcocollier, n.m., (bot.) sarcocol-tree, pænea mucronata.

sarcologie, n.f., sarcology.

sarcomateu-x, -se, adj., (surg.) sarcomatous.

sarcome, n.m., (surg.) sarcoma.

sarcophage, n.m., sarcophagus; coffin, representation of a coffin (at a funeral).

sarcophage, n.m. and adj., (med.) caustic, corrosive, escharotic.

☉sarcotique, n.m. and adj., (med.) sarcotic.

sardanapale, n.m., effeminate man.

sarde, n.m.f. and adj., Sardinian.

sarde, n.f., (ich.) scomber; a kind of sardine or pilchard (of Brazil).

sardine, n.f., pilchard, sardine.

sardoine, n.f., (min.) sardonyx.

sardonien, -ne (-ni-in, -ni-è-n), adj., sardonian, sardonic.

sardonique, adj., sardonic.

sargasse, n.f., sargassum, gulf-weed.

sarge or sargue, n.m., (ich.) sheep’s head, sargus.

sarigue, n.m.f., opossum.

sarisse, n.f., (antiq.) sarissa, the phalanx’s long pike.

sarmate, adj., sarmatian.

sarment, n.m., vine-shoot, vine-twig.

sarmenteu-x, -se, adj., (bot.) sarmentous, branchy, climbing.

sarracénique, adj., Saracenic.

sarrasin, n.m. and adj., Saracen; (arch.) Saracenic.

sarrasin, n.m., buckwheat.

sarrasine, n.f., (fort.) sarasin, sarrasine, portcullis, herse.

sarrau, n.m., smock-frock, smock; (children) pinafore.

sarrette, n.f., (bot.) saw-wort.

sarriette, n.f., (bot.) savory; common marum.

sarrot, n.m. V. sarrau.

sart or sar, n.m., sea-wrack.

sas, n.m., bolting-sieve; sieve; screen; chamber (of locks). Passer au —; to sift (fig.). Passer au gros —; to examine superficially.

sassafras, n.m., (bot.) sassafras.

sasse, n.f., (nav.) scoop.

sassement (sâs-mān), n.m., sifting, winnowing.

sassenage (sās-naj), n.m., Sassenage cheese.

sasser, v.a., to sift, to bolt; to winnow; to scan, to scrutinize.

sasset, n.m., little sieve.

sasseur, n.m., sifter, bolter; winnower.

satan, n.m., Satan.

satanas, n.m., (fam.) Satan.

satané, adj., (fam.) roguish, wanton, mischievous; devilish, confounded.

satanique, adj., satanic, satanical.

satellite (-tèl-lit), n.m., satellite.

satellite, adj., (anat.) companion. [Only used in: veines —s; venæ comites; companion veins.]

satiété, n.f., satiety, surfeit, fullness.

satin, n.m., satin.

satinade, n.f., satinet.

satinage, n.m., satining; glazing (of paper).

satiné, -e, adj., satin-like, satiny, hot or cold pressed; glazed (of paper). Peau —e; skin as soft as velvet.

satiner, v.a., to satin; to glaze (paper). — à chaud; to hot press. — à froid; to cold press.

satiner, v.n., to become as soft as satin.

satire, n.f., satire; lampoon. — piquante; cutting satire. — personnelle; lampoon.

satirique, n.m. and adj., satirist; satirical.

satiriquement (-rik-mān), adv., satirically.

satiriser, v.a., to satirize.

satirist, n.m.f., satirist.

satisfaction, n.f., satisfaction, gratification, pleasure; atonement.

satisfactoire, adj., (theol.) satisfactory.

satisfaire, v.a., to satisfy, to please, to gratify; to supply (wants); to answer; to meet, to discharge; to give satisfaction (to) (to make amends); to perform, to execute, to fulfill; to comply (with), to obey. — sa passion; to gratify one’s passion. — l’attente de quelqu’un; to answer any one’s expectation.

se satisfaire, v.r., to satisfy one’s self, to indulge one’s self.

satisfaire, v.n., to satisfy; to discharge; to perform, to execute; to gratify, to indulge. — à ses engagements; to meet one’s engagements.

satisfaisant, -e, adj., satisfactory.

satisfait, -e, adj., satisfied, contented, pleased.

satisfecit, n.m., (—) certificate of good conduct.

satrape, n.m., satrap.

satrapie, n.f., satrapy.

saturable, adj., saturable.

saturant, -e, adj., saturant.

saturation, n.f., saturation.

saturer, v.a., to saturate; to surfeit.

se saturer, v.r., to become saturated, surfeited.

saturnales, n.f.pl., Saturnalia.

Saturne, n.m., (astron., chem.) Saturn.

saturnin, -e, adj., (med.) lead. Colique —e; lead colic.

satyre, n.m., satyr.

satyre, n.f., (Grec. antiq.) satyric play; satire.

satyriasis (-zis), n.m., (med.) satyriasis.

satyrion, n.m., (bot.) satyrion, satyrium, standard-grass, stander-grass.

satyrique, adj., pertaining to satyrs, satyric.

sauce, n.f., (cook.) sauce. — relevée; rich, highly-seasoned, sauce. — douce; sweet sauce. — piquante; sharp sauce. À toute —; in all manner of ways, for any sort of work. Il n’est — (or chère) que d’appétit; a good appetite is the best sauce. On ne sait à quelle — le mettre; there is no knowing what to do with him. Faire la — à quelqu’un; to give any one a smart rebuke, to pull any one up sharply. Être dans la —; to be in a pickle.

saucé, -e, part., drenched, soused, wet through. Médailles —es; plated medals.

saucer, v.a., to dip in sauce; to sop, to souse, to wet through; to scold; to blow up.

saucier, n.m., (nav.) saucer (of a capstan); sauce-maker, sauce-contriver.

saucière, n.f., sauce-boat, sauce-tureen.

saucisse, n.f. sausage.

saucisson, n.m., large sausage; (artil.) saucisson, saucisse; (fort.) bundle of fagots or fascines.

sau-f, -ve, adj., safe, unhurt, unscathed, spared. Il en est revenu sain et —; he returned safe and sound. La vie —ve; with one’s life.

sauf, prep., saving, save, except, but; reserving; subject to; under. — erreur ou omission; errors excepted. — correction; under correction. — votre respect; saving your presence.

sauf-conduit, n.m., (—-—s) safe-conduct.

sauge, n.f., (bot.) sage.

saugrenu, -e, adj., absurd, ridiculous.

saulaie, n.f., willow-plantation or grove.

saule, n.m., willow. — pleureur; weeping willow.

saulée, n.f., row or avenue of willows.

saumâtre, adj., brackish, briny.

saumon, n.m., (ich.) salmon; (metal.) pig, brock; (nav.) kentledge. — mariné; pickled salmon. — de fonte; pig-iron.

saumoné, -e, adj., salmon. Truite —e; salmon-trout.

saumoneau, n.m., (ich.) young salmon, grilse.

saumure, n.f., brine, pickle.

saumurer, v.a., to brine, to pickle, to souse.

saumurois, adj., native of Saumur.

saunage, n.m., salt-trade; salt-making. Faux-—; (n.p.) illicit salt-trade.

sauner, v.n., to make salt.

saunerie (sô-n-rî), n.f., salt-house; salt-works.

saunier or saulnier, n.m., salt-maker. Faux-—, (—-—s) dealer in contraband salt.

saunière, n.f., salt-box.

saupiquet, n.m., (cook.) sharp sauce.

saupoudrage, n.m., salting, besprinkling.

saupoudrer, v.a., to powder; to sprinkle with salt, pepper, etc.; to strew; to sprinkle; (fig.) to intersperse, to interlard, to strew.

saur, adj., red (of herrings). [This word is an abbreviation of saure, which see below.]

saure, adj., yellowish brown; sorrel (of horses); red, smoked (of herrings). Un hareng —; a red herring. Un cheval —; a sorrel horse.

saurer, v.a., to smoke (herrings).

sauret, adj., (l.u.) red (of herrings).

sauriens (-īn), n.m.pl., saurians; lizards.

saurin, n.m., herring (just) smoked.

saussaie, n.f. V. saulaie.

saut, n.m., leap, jump, skip, bound; spring; waterfall; (man.) vault, leap. Faire un —; to take a leap. — de carpe or périlleux; somerset, somersault. — de Breton; tripping up any one. — de loup; ha-ha; ditch. Il s’élança tout d’un —; he sprang forward at a bound. Au — du lit; on getting up, on getting out of bed. De plein —; at once; point blank. Par —s et par bonds; by fits and starts. — de mouton; (man.) goat-leap; (game) leap-frog.

sautage, n.m., exploding, blasting (mines).

saute, n.f., (nav.) sudden veering of the wind, chopping.

sauté, n.m., (cook.) stew.

sauté, -e, adj., (cook.) stewed.

saute-en-barque, n.m., boating-jacket.

sautelle, n.f., vine-shoot.

sauter, v.n., to leap, to leap off, to jump, to skip, to pass over, to overlook; to spring; (nav.) to veer, to shift, to chop round (of the wind); to blow up (to explode); to kick the bucket; to be discharged (of a person). — en avant; to leap forward. — par-dessus une muraille; to leap over a wall. — de joie; to jump, or leap, for joy. Faire — un bastion; to blow up a bastion. Faire — la banque; to break the bank. — au collet de quelqu’un; to collar any one. Cela saute aux yeux; that is obvious, self-evident. — aux nues; to jump up to the ceiling. Le vent saute; (nav.) the wind is shifting, or chopping, round. — en l’air; to bounce, or jump, up. — à bas du lit; to jump out of bed. Reculer pour mieux —; to await a better opportunity. — en selle; to leap into the saddle.

sauter, v.a., to leap, to leap over; to overlook, to pass over; to leave out, to skip. — un fossé; to clear a ditch. Il a sauté une phrase; he has skipped a sentence. — à pieds joints; to jump close-feet or close-legged.

sautereau (sô-trô), n.m., jack (of harpsichords).

sauterelle (sô-trèl), n.f., grasshopper, locust, gutter-skipper; (carp.) level (instrument).

saute-ruisseau, n.m., (—-—x) (game) hop-scotch; errand-boy. — de mer; squilla (sort of shrimp).

sauteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., leaper, jumper, tumbler, mountebank; (man.) vaulter; leaping-horse.

sauteuse, n.f., a kind of dance.

*sautillant, -e, adj., hopping, skipping; (fig.) jerky (of style).

*sautillement, n.m., hopping, skipping.

*sautiller, v.n., to hop, to skip, to jump about.

sautoir (sô-toar), n.m., Saint Andrew’s cross; scarf, watch-guard; (her.) saltier; (cook.) stew-pan; (horl.) jumper. En —; cross-wise, slung over the shoulder (of muskets); crossways; (her.) saltier-wise. Porter son bagage en —; to have one’s baggage slung over one’s shoulder.

sauvage, n.m.f. and adj., savage; savage, wild, untamed; shy, timid; unsociable; uncivilized; rude, brutal, barbarous.

sauvagement, adv., wildly; savagely; fiercely.

sauvageon (-jon), n.m., (agri.) wild stock.

sauvagerie (sô-va-jrî), n.f., unsociableness; shyness, wildness.

sauvagesse, n.f., uncivilized woman; (fam.) a woman destitute of education and manners, a scold, a shrew.

sauvagin, n.m., taste, or smell, of water-fowl.

sauvagin, -e, adj., fishy (in taste). Sentir le —; to taste fishy, to smell fishy.

sauvagine, n.f., wild water-fowl; odour of water-fowl; (com.) common unprepared skins or furs.

sauvegarde (sôv-gard), n.f., safe-keeping, safeguard; shield, buckler, protection. —s de beaupré; (nav.) man-ropes of the bowsprit; rudder pendant.

sauvegarder (sôv-gardé), v.a., to protect, to safeguard.

sauve-qui-peut, n.m., (—) headlong flight, rout; stampede; panic.

sauver, v.a., to save, to deliver, to rescue; to keep, to be the salvation of; to economize; to ward off, to palliate; to conceal; to excuse, to vindicate. Sauve qui peut; save himself who can, every one for himself. — les apparences; to save appearances. — les défauts d’un ouvrage; to conceal the imperfections of a work. — la vie à quelqu’un; to save any one’s life.

se sauver, v.r., to escape, to make good one’s escape, to run away; to abscond; to make off; to take refuge; to retrieve one’s self; to indemnify one’s self; to work out one’s salvation.

sauvetage (sôv-taj), n.m., (nav.) salvage, saving, rescue. Canot de —; life-boat. Ceinture de —; life-belt. Bouée de —; life-buoy. Société de —; life-boat institution. Appareil, or sac, de —; fire-escape.

sauveteur (sôv-teur), n.m., rescuer; life-preserver; fire-escape; salvor.

sauvette, n.f. duck-stone (game).

sauveur, n.m. and adj., saver, deliverer; Saviour, Redeemer; (Bib.) all-saving.

sauve-vie, n.f., (—) (bot.) wall-rue.

savamment (-va-mān), adv., learnedly, cleverly; knowingly, wittingly.

savane, n.f., savannah.

savant, -e, adj., learned, clever; masterly, able, skillful. Une main —e; a skillful hand. Femme —e; blue-stocking.

savant, n.m., -e, n.f., scholar, learned person. Les —s; the literati, the learned.

savantasse, n.m., pedant. [Sometimes spelt savantas in poetry.]

savanterie, n.f., pedantry.

savantissime, adj., most learned.

savarin, n.m., tipsy cake.

savate, n.f., old shoe; awkward, clumsy person; (nav.) shoes; slip-shoe; shoe down at the heel; (game) hunt the slipper; bungler. Traîner la —; to be as poor as Job; to shuffle along. Tirer la —; to fight with the feet.

savaterie, n.f., old-shoe trade or market; old-shoe shop.

saveter (sav-té), v.a., to cobble; to bungle, to botch.

savetier (sav-tié), n.m., cobbler; bungler, botcher, duffer.

saveur, n.f., savor, flavor, relish; taste, zest.

savoir (sachant, su), v.a., to know, to have a knowledge of, to be aware of; to understand; to be sensible of; to be acquainted with. Il n’en sait rien; he knows nothing about it. Puis-que vous en savez tant; since you know so much (about it) or since you are so well posted up (in the matter). Faire —; to notify, to acquaint, to let know, to inform. Je ne sais; I don’t know. Je ne sais que faire; I don’t know what to do. Je suis tout je ne sais comment; I am all out of sorts. Pas que je sache; not that I know, not to my knowledge. Il sait son pain manger; he knows what he is about. — vivre; to know how to behave, to be well-bred, to have breeding. Il ne sait pas vivre; he has no manners. Il ne sait ni A ni B; he is a regular dunce or duffer. En — plus d’une; to know a trick or two. En — gré à quelqu’un; to be grateful, or thankful, to any one (for). En — trop long; to know too much. Je ne sais qu’en croire; I know not what to think of it. Je le sais de bonne part; I have it from a good source. Si l’on vient à — cela; if that comes to be known. Je ne saurais qu’y faire; I cannot help it. Je ne sais où j’en suis; I do not know which way to turn, or what I am about. Autant que je sache; to the best of my belief. Que nous sachions; as far as we know; as far as we recollect; as far as we can judge; as far as we are aware. Un je ne sais quoi; an indescribable something. [Je ne sais quoi is the “indescribable” in French.] Qui sait plus se tait; (prov.) a still tongue shows a wise head.

savoir, v.n., to know, to be learned, to be a scholar, to be a person of learning. —, à —; viz., namely, that is to say, to wit; that remains to be known; perhaps.

se savoir, v.r., to get or become known, to know one’s self to be. Tout se sait avec le temps; everything becomes known in time.

savoir, n.m., knowledge, learning, scholarship, talents, skill.

savoir-faire, n.m., (n.p.) management; tact, ability, skill; wits. Il vit de son —; he lives by his wits.

savoir-vivre, n.m., (n.p.) good manners, good breeding.

savoisien, -ne, adj. and n., Savoyard; of, from, Savoy.

savon, n.m., soap; rebuke, scolding, blowing up, wigging; soaping. Donner un — à quelqu’un; to blow any one up, to give a wigging to. — marbré; mottled soap. — parfumé; scented soap. — noir; soft soap. Eau de —; soapsuds.

savonnage, n.m., soaping; washing with soap, soap-suds.

savonner, v.a., to soap; to wash with soap, to lather; (pop.) to rebuke, to scold, to blow up.

se savonner, v.r., to bear washing, to wash (of fabrics). Cette étoffe se savonne; this material will wash, will bear washing.

savonnerie (-vo-n-rî), n.f., soap-house, soap-trade; soap-works.

savonnette, n.f., wash-ball; soap-ball.

savonneu-x, -se, adj., soapy.

savonnier, n.m., soap-boiler, soap-manufacturer; (bot.) soapberry-tree.

savourement (-voor-mān), n.m., savoring, tasting; (fig.) enjoyment.

savourer, v.a., to savor; to relish, to taste; (fig.) to enjoy, to delight in.

savouret, n.m., marrow-bone.

savoureusement (-reuz-mān), adv., with relish.

savoureu-x, -se, adj., savory, delicious.

savoyard, n.m., -e, n.f., Savoyard; native of Savoy; (fig.) ill-mannered, rude, unmannerly person. V. savoisien.

saxatile, adj., saxatile.

saxifrage, adj., saxifragous.

saxifrage, n.f., (bot.) saxifrage.

saxon, -ne, n. and adj., Saxon.

saynète, n.f., sainette (Spanish farce).

sayon, n.m., sayon, tunic.

sbire, n.m., sbirro, myrmidon.

scabellon, n.m., (arch.) socle, small pedestal.

scabieuse, n.f., (bot.) scabious.

scabieu-x, -se, adj., (med.) scabious, scabby.

scabreu-x, -se, adj., scabrous, rugged, rough; dangerous, difficult, slippery; delicate; ticklish.

scabrosité, n.f., (of plants) roughness; ruggedness.

scalaire, n.f., (moll.) wentletrap.

scalde, n.m., (antiq.) Scandinavian poet.

scalène, adj., (geom.) scalene, scalenous.

scalpel, n.m., scalpel.

scalper, v.a., to scalp. S’entre —; to scalp one another.

scalpeur, n.m., scalper.

scammonée, n.f., scammony.

scandale, n.m., scandal; offense; exposure; shame; dismay, horror. Au grand — de tout le monde; to every one’s horror. Faire du —; to make a scene.

scandaleusement (-leûz-mān), adv., scandalously.

scandaleu-x, -se, adj., scandalous.

scandaliser, v.a., to scandalize, to shock.

se scandaliser, v.r., to be scandalized, to be shocked, to take offense. Il se scandalise de tout; he takes offense at everything.

scander, v.a., to scan.

se scander, v.r., to be scanned.

scandinave, n.m.f. and adj., scandinavian.

scansion, n.f., scansion.

scape, n.m., (bot.) flower-supporting stem, scape.

scaphandre, n.m., cork-jacket (for swimming); diving apparatus.

scaphandrier, n.m., diver.

scaphoïde, adj., scaphoid.

scapin, n.m., knave, rogue, scamp. [The “knave” of Molière’s comedies.]

scapolite, n.m., (min.) scapolite.

scapulaire, n.m., scapular, scapulary; (surg.) shoulder-band.

scapulaire, adj.f., (anat., orni.) scapular.

scarabée, n.m., (ent.) scarabæus, beetle.

scaramouche, n.m., scaramouch.

scare, n.m., (ich.) scarus, parrot-fish.

scarieu-x, -se, adj., (bot.) scarious.

scarificateur, n.m., (surg.) scarificator; scarifier (instrument).

scarification, n.f., scarification.

scarifier, v.a., to scarify.

scariole, n.f. V. escarole.

scarlatine, n. and adj. f., (med.) scarlatina; scarlet. Fièvre —; scarlet fever.

sceau, n.m., seal; impression of a seal; act of confirmation; sanction. —x de l’Etat; Seals of the State. Petit —; privy seal. Garde des —x; Keeper of the Seals. — de Notre Dame; (bot.) black briony. Apposer son —; to affix one’s seal. Mettre le — à; to seal; to complete, to put the finishing touch to. Être marqué d’un —; to be branded with. Marqué au — du génie; pregnant with genius (V. Hugo).

☉scel, n.m. V. sceau.

scélérat, -e, adj., flagitious, nefarious, villainous, infamous, vile.

scélérat, n.m., scoundrel, villain; wretch.

scélératesse, n.f., villainy, infamy, atrociousness, wickedness.

scellé, n.m., waxen stamp placed officially on locks, closets, etc.; seals. Apposer les —s; to affix the seals. Lever les —s; to take off the seals. Bris de —; unlawful breaking of the seals.

scellement (sèl-mān), n.m., sealing; fastening.

sceller, v.a., to put an official seal to, to seal, to seal up; to fix, to bind; to ratify, to confirm; to cement; to make fast; (mas.) to bed.

scelleur, n.m., sealer.

scène, n.f., scene; uproar, quarrel, row, scene; (thea.) stage, scenery. La mise en — d’une pièce; (thea.) the getting up or staging of a piece. Faire une — à quelqu’un; to have a row with any one, to blow any one up. Être en —; (thea.) to be upon the stage.

scénique, adj., scenical, scenic.

scénite, adj., dwelling in tents.

scénographie, n.f., scenography.

scénographique, adj., scenographical.

scénopégie, n.f., the feast of tabernacles.

scepticisme, n.m., scepticism.

sceptique, n.m. and adj., sceptic, sceptical.

sceptre (sèp-tr), n.m., sceptre; sway, empire, dominion.

schabraque or chabraque (sha-), n.f., shabrack.

schah (shâ), n.m., Shah (of Persia).

schako (sha-), n.m. V. shako.

schall (shâl), n.m. V. châle.

scheik (shèk), n.m. V. cheik.

schelling (shĕ-lin), n.m., (—s) shilling.

schenante (shĕ-), n.m., (bot.) lemon-grass.

schène (skè-n), n.m., (antiq.) scheme (Egyptian measure of length; about six miles and a half).

schérif (shé-), n.m. (—s). V. chérif and shérif.

scherzo (skèr-), n.m., (scherzi) (mus.) scherzo, (sportive piece in a symphony).

schiite (shi-it), n.m., shiite, schismatic Mahometan.

schismatique (shis-), n.m. and adj., schismatic; schismatical.

schisme (shism), n.m., schism.

schiste (shist), n.m., (min.) schist, slate.

schisteu-x, -se (shis-), adj., schistous.

schlague (shlag), n.f., (milit.) flogging.

schlich (shlik), n.m., (min.) slick.

schlittage, n.m., sledge (for felled trees).

schlitte, n.f., sledge (for felled trees) (in Erckmann-Chatrian).

schlitteur, n.m., sledger (of felled trees).

schnapan (shna-), n.m. V. chenapan.

scholastique (sko-). V. scolastique.

scholie (sko-). V. scolie.

schooner (shoo-nèr, skoonèr), n.m., (nav.) schooner.

schorl (shorl), n.m., (min.) schorl.

sciage, n.m., sawing.

sciagraphie, n.f. V. sciographie.

sciant, -e, adj., boring, annoying, bothering, tiresome, tedious.

sciatérique, adj., sciatheric.

sciatique, n.f. and adj., (anat., med.) sciatica, hip gout; sciatical.

scie, n.f., saw; (ich.) saw-fish; (pop.) trouble, bore (tiresome thing). — à main; handsaw. — à découper; fret-saw. Quelle —! (fig.) what a bore! — de scieur de long; pit-saw.

sciemment (si-a-mān), adv., wittingly, knowingly.

science, n.f., knowledge, science, learning. Posséder une — à fond; to be thoroughly master of a science. S’adonner aux —s; to devote one’s self to the study of sciences. La — infuse; intuition. De — certaine; for a positive fact.

scientifique, adj., scientific.

scientifiquement (-fik-mān), adv., scientifically.

scier, v.a., to saw; to reap, to cut down. — le dos à quelqu’un; (pop.) to bore any one.

se scier, v.r., to saw, to be cut with a saw.

scier, v.n., to saw; (nav.) to back water. — à culer; (nav.) to put astern, to back water.

scierie (sî-rî), n.f., saw-mill.

scieur, n.m., sawyer; reaper. Fosse de — de long; saw-pit.

scille, n.f., (bot.) squill.

scillitique, adj., (pharm.) of squill.

scindé, -e, adj., divided; (of books) in parts.

scinder, v.a., to divide. Se —; to be divided.

scinque, n.m., (erpelotogy) skink.

scintillant, -e (-til-lān, -t), adj., scintillant.

scintillation (-til-la-), n.f., scintillation.

scintillement (sin-til-mān), n.m., scintillation, sparkling, twinkling.

scintiller (-til-lé), v.n., to scintillate, to sparkle, to twinkle.

sciographie, n.f., (arch.) sciagraphy, sciography.

sciographique, adj., (arch.) sciagraphical, sciographical.

scion, n.m., (bot.) scion, shoot.

scioptique, adj., (opt.) scioptic.

scirpe, n.m., (bot.) club-rush.

scissile, adj., scissible.

scission, n.f., scission, split, secession; division (of opinions); defection, separation. Faire —; to secede.

scissionnaire, n.m. and adj., seceder; seceding.

scissure, n.f., (anat.) fissure; crack, cleft.

sciure, n.f., saw-dust, saw-powder.

sclarée, n.f., (bot.) clary.

sclérophtalmie, n.f., (med.) ophthalmy (inflammation of the conjunctiva).

sclérotique, n.f., (anat.) sclerotic.

scolaire, adj., scholar, academic; (of schools). Année —; academic year (October to August in France).

scolarité, n.f., course of study; curriculum.

scolastique, adj., scholastical; academic; of schools.

scolastique, n.m., scholastic, school-man.

scolastique, n.f., scholasticism.

scolastiquement (-tik-mān), adv., scholastically.

scoliaste, n.m., scholiast.

scolie, n.f., scholium; (Grec. antiq.) table-song.

scolie, n.m., (geom.) scholium.

scolopendre, n.f., (bot.) hart’s-tongue; (ent.) scolopendra, centiped.

scombre, n.m., (ich.) scomber.

scorbut, n.m., scurvy.

scorbutique, n.m. and adj., scorbutic.

scordium (-diom), n.m., (bot.) water-germander.

scorie, n.f., (metal.) scoria, dross.

scorification, n.f., (metal.) scorification.

scorificatoire, n.m., scorifier.

scorifier, v.a., to scorify.

scorpioide, n.f., (bot.) scorpion’s-tail.

scorpiojelle, n.f., scorpion oil.

scorpion, n.m., (astron.) Scorpion; (ent.) scorpion.

scorpione, n.f., (bot.) scorpion-grass, scorpion’s-tail.

scorpiure, n.f., (bot.) caterpillar.

scorsonère, n.f., (bot.) viper’s-grass.

scotie (-tî), n.f., (arch.) scotia; casement.

scribe, n.m., scribe, writer.

scripteur, n.m., writer of the pope’s bulls.

scrofulaire, n.f., (bot.) figwort.

scrofules, n.f.pl., scrofula, king’s evil.

scrofuleu-x, -se, n. and adj., scrofulous person; scrofulous.

scrotocèle, n.f., (surg.) scrotocele.

scrotum (-tom), n.m., (—) (anat.) scrotum.

scrupule, n.m., scruple; qualm; scrupulousness; scruple (weight). Avoir des —s; to be scrupulous. Lever des —s; to remove scruples. Je m’en ferais —; I would hesitate to do it.

scrupuleusement (-leûz-mān), adv., scrupulously, strictly, exactly.

scrupuleu-x, -se, n. and adj., over-nice, over-scrupulous person; scrupulous, strict, nice, rigorous, precise.

scrutat-eur, -rice, n. and adj., investigator, explorer, searcher, scrutinizer; (of a ballot) scrutineer; teller; investigating, searching, scrutinizing.

scruter, v.a., to scrutinize, to search closely, to investigate, to fathom; to look carefully into.

scrutin, n.m., ballot, balloting. — de liste; vote by ticket. Dépouiller le —; to count the votes. Au —, or au — secret; by ballot.

scubac, n.m. V. usquebac.

sculptable (skul-tabl), adj., to be sculptured; to be carved.

sculpter (skul-té), v.a., to sculpture, to carve.

sculpteur (skul-teur), n.m., sculptor, carver.

sculptural (skul-tu-), adj., sculptural.

sculpture (skul-tur), n.f., sculpture, carving; carved work.

scutiforme, adj., scutiform, shield-shaped.

scylla, n.m., Scylla. V. charybde.

scytale, n.m., a species of snake.

scythe, n.m.f. and adj., Scythian.

se, s’, pron., one’s self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; one another, each other. Il — ruine; he is ruining himself. Ils s’aiment; they love one another. Cela — peut; that may be. Ils — connaissent; they know each other. Ils — parlent; they speak to each other.

séance, n.f., seat (right of sitting); sitting (time of meeting of deliberative assemblies); meeting; sitting (for one’s portrait); recital; lecture. Avoir —; to have a seat. Lever la —; to close the meeting. Faire une —; to sit (at table, at play, etc.). En —; sitting, — tenante; there and then, forthwith.

séant, part., (jur.) sitting.

séant, n.m., sitting upright. Être sur son —, se mettre sur son —; to sit up in bed.

séant, -e, adj., fitting, seemly, becoming.

seau, n.m., pail, bucket. Il pleut à —x; it is raining in torrents.

sébacé, -e, adj., sebaceous.

sébeste, n.m., sebesten-plum.

sébestier (-tié), n.m., (bot.) sebesten-plum-tree.

sébifère, adj., (bot.) sebiferous (yielding tallow).

sébile, n.f., small wooden bowl (a receptacle for the powder used to dry ink).

sec, sèche, adj., dry, lean, spare; barren; plain; unadorned; cold, unfeeling, sharp; dissatisfied (of looks); (paint.) hard; dried (of fruit, flowers, leaves, fish, &c.); severe (of reprimands). Des mains sèches; lean hands. Un homme —; a spare, thin man. Coup —; sharp stroke. Avoir le gosier —; to be very dry. Il a le pouls —; his pulse is sharp. Être à —; to have no money. Cœur —; unfeeling heart. Mine sèche; dissatisfied look. Perte sèche; dead loss. — comme un pendu; as thin as a lath.

sec, n.m., dryness; fodder; dry weather. A —; dried up; (nav.) under bare poles; empty, low; drained, exhausted; (fig.) hard up. À — sur le rivage; (nav.) high and dry (of ships). Mettre un étang à —; to drain a pond; (fig.) to exhaust. Vaisseau à —; ship under bare poles.

sec, adv., dryly, sharply. Boire —; to drink hard. Répondre —; to answer sharply.

sécable, adj., divisible.

sécant, -e, adj., (geom.) secant.

sécante, n.f., (geom.) secant.

sécateur, n.m., (gard.) pruning-shears.

sécéder, v.n., to secede.

sécession, n.f., secession.

sécessioniste, adj. and n.m.f., secessionist.

séchage, n.m., drying.

sèche or seiche, n.f., cuttle-fish.

séchée, n.f., drying.

sèchement (sèsh-mān), adv., dryly; sharply; barrenly, without ornament, plainly.

sécher, v.a., to dry, to dry up, to cure.

se sécher, v.r., to dry one’s self; to dry (of a thing).

sécher, v.n., to dry, to wither, to pine away. Faire — du linge; to spread out linen to dry. — sur pied; to pine away, to be extremely dejected.

sécheresse (sè-shrès), n.f., dryness; drought; sharpness, barrenness.

sécherie (sé-shrî), n.f., (manu.) drying-house.

séchoir, n.m., (manu.) drying-room; (tech.) dryer.

second, -e (sĕ-gōn, -d), adv., second; junior; inferior. Eau —e; (chem.) lye-water. De —e main; second-hand. Sans —e; matchless, peerless.

second (sĕ-gōn), n.m., second, assistant; second story, second floor, second class; fore cabin (in ships). Il demeure au —; he lives on the second floor. En —; second, second in command; in the second place; in a subordinate capacity; (nav.) mate. En —e; in the second class (rail.).

secondaire (se-gon-dèr), adj., secondary, accessory. Enseignement —; secondary or higher education.

secondairement (se-gon-dèr-mān), adv., secondarily, accessorily.

seconde (se-gond), n.f., second (of time); second class (in schools); (mus.) second; (print.) revise, second proof.

secondement (se-gon-dmān), adv., secondly, in the second place.

seconder (se-gon-dé), v.a., to second, to assist; to favor, to back, to support; to promote, to forward.

secondine (se-gon-di-n), n.f., (bot.) secundine. pl., secundines, after-birth.

sécot, adj., lean, lanky, bony.

secouement, n.m. V. secoûment.

secouer, v.a., to shake, to shake off; to jolt, to toss; to discard, to rouse; to rate, to handle roughly. — le tête; to shake one’s head. — les oreilles; to demur, to say nay. — le joug; to shake off the yoke.

se secouer, v.r., to shake one’s self; to take exercise; to move about; to exert one’s self.

secoûment or secouement, n.m., shaking, jogging, jolting.

secourable, adj., helpful, helping, willing to help; relievable.

secourir, v.a., to succor, to assist, to relieve, to help, to aid; to rescue.

secours, n.m., help, relief, succor, assistance; aid; rescue. Donner du —; to render assistance. Crier au —; to cry out for help. Au —! help! help! — à domicile; outdoor relief. Société de — mutuels; benefit society.

secousse, n.f., shake, shock; blow, concussion, toss, tossing, jerk; (fig.) agitation; check.

secr-et, -ète, adj., secret, private, hidden, undiscovered, reserved, silent. Tenir —; to keep secret. Escalier — or dérobé; back-stairs, private staircase.

secret, n.m., secrecy, privacy, mystery; secret; solitary confinement; secret drawer, secret spring. C’est mon —; that is not a fair question. Mettre un prisonnier au —; to put a prisoner in solitary confinement. En —; secretly, privately, in private. Sous le —; in secrecy, under the seal of secrecy. Le — de Polichinelle; an open secret; no secret at all. — de deux — de Dieu, — de trois — de tous; no secret but between two.

secrétaire, n.m., secretary; escritoire; writing-table; (orni.) secretary-bird. — d’ambassade; secretary to an embassy. — d’état; secretary of state. Sous — général; under secretary (of state).

secrétairerie (-tèr-rî), n.f., secretary’s office.

secrétariat, n.m., secretaryship; secretary’s office.

secrète, n.f., (c.rel.) secret prayer.

secrètement (-krèt-mān), adv., secretly, privately, in secret, in private; inwardly.

sécréter, v.a., (physiology) to secrete.

sécréteur, adj., secretory.

sécrétion, n.f., (physiology) secretion.

sécrétoire, adj., secretory, secreting.

sectaire, n.m.f., sectarian.

sectateur, n.m., follower, votary.

secte, n.f., sect. Faire —; to form a sect. Faire — à part; to differ from most people, to form a separate body.

secteur, n.m., (geom.) sector.

sectile, adj., sectile.

section, n.f., section, division. — de vote; polling-station.

sectionnement, n.m., dividing into parts; division.

sectionner, v.a., to divide into parts; to divide.

séculaire, adj., secular, coming once in a century; centenarian; venerable; time-honored, ancient. Un chêne —; a venerable oak.

sécularisation, n.f., secularization.

séculariser, v.a., to secularize.

sécularité, n.f., secularity, secular jurisdiction.

séculi-er, -ère, adj., secular, worldly. Le bras —; the secular power.

séculier, n.m., laic, layman.

séculièrement (-lièr-mān), adv., secularly.

secundo (se-gon-), adv., secondly.

sécurité, n.f., security, safety; confidence.

sedan, n.m., Sedan-cloth.

sédanoise or parisienne, n.f., (print.) pearl.

sédati-f, -ve, adj., (med.) sedative.

sédatif, n.m., sedative.

sédentaire, adj., sedentary, settled, stationary.

sédiment, n.m., sediment, grounds, dregs, lees.

sédimentaire, adj., sedimentary.

séditieusement (-si-eûz-mān), adv., seditiously.

séditieu-x, -se, adj., seditious, mutinous, rebellious, riotous.

séditieux, n.m., rebel, mutineer.

sédition, n.f., sedition, mutiny, riot. Faire une —; to promote a sedition. Eteindre une —; to quash a sedition.

séduct-eur, -rice, n. and adj., seducer, enticer; seductive, enticing, fascinating; deluding.

séduction, n.f., seduction, enticement; allurement; bribing, subornation. — de témoins; bribing of witnesses. La — des richesses; the allurements of wealth.

séduire (séduisant, séduit), v.a., to seduce; to charm, to win over; to fascinate, to captivate; to delude, to beguile; to suborn, to bribe; to bewitch. — des témoins; to bribe witnesses.

séduisant, -e, adj., seductive, seducing; delusive, bewitching, fascinating, tempting. Offres —es; tempting offers.

ségétal, -e, adj., growing in cornfields.

segment, n.m., (geom.) segment.

segmentaire, adj., segmental.

ségrairie, n.f., woods held in common.

ségrais, n.m., detached wood.

ségrégation, n.f., segregation.

ségrégativement (-tiv-mān), adv., separately, segregatively.

seiche, n.f. V. sèche.

séide, n.m., fanatical partisan; assassin; blind supporter.

seigle, n.m., (bot.) rye. — ergoté; spurred rye. Faux —; rye-grass.

*seigneur, n.m., lord; the Lord, squire. Petit —; lordling. — suzerain; lord paramount. Notre-—; our Lord. À tout — tout honneur; honor to whom honor is due. En grand —; in grand style.

*seigneuriage, n.m., seigniorage (duty on coinage).

*seigneurial, -e, adj., seigniorial, manorial, lordly.

*seigneurie, n.f., seigniory, lordship; manor. Votre —; your lordship.

seime, n.f., (vet.) wire-heel.

sein, n.m., breast, bosom; heart (midst); middle; womb. Au — de l’église; in the bosom of the church. Donner le — à un enfant; to give a child the breast, to suckle.

seine, n.f., fish-net, seine. Pêche à la —; seine-fishing.

seing (sīn), n.m., sign manual, signature. Blanc —; signature in blank. — privé; private seal.

seize, n.m. and adj., sixteen, sixteenth.

seizième, n.m.f. and adj., sixteenth.

seizièmement, adv., sixteenthly.

séjour, n.m., stay, abode, residence, sojourn; place, regions; continuance; dwelling, habitation; delay. Permis de —; permission to reside.

séjourner, v.n., to stay, to sojourn, to dwell, to make a stay, to tarry; to remain, to continue.

sel, n.m., salt; wit; point, humor. — gris; bay salt. De bon —; properly salted. À la croque au —; with salt only. — gemme; rock-salt. — marin; sea-salt. Un miton de —; a peck of salt. Au gros —; (fig.) coarse. Beurre demi —; salt-butter. — Anglais; Epsom salts. — blanc; table-salt. Gros —; coarse salt. Couche de —; bed of salt. — attique; Attic wit. Ils ne mangeront pas un miton de — ensemble; (prov.) they will soon be at sixes and sevens, or will soon fall out.

sélaciens, n.m.pl., (ich.) cartilaginous fishes.

sélam or sélan, n.m., (—s) emblematic nosegay (in the East).

sélection, n.f., selection.

sélénieux, adj., (chem.) selenious.

sélénite, n.f., (chem.) selenite.

séléniteu-x, -se, adj., selenitic.

sélénium (-om), n.m., (chem.) selenium.

sélénographie, n.f., selenography.

sélénographique, adj., selenographical.

sélin, n.m., milk-parsley (bot.).

sellage, n.m., saddling.

selle, n.f., saddle; stool, motion of the bowels; water-closet; washing board. — de femme; side-saddle, lady’s saddle. Cheval de —; saddle-horse. Aller à la —; to go to the stool. Être toujours en —; never to be out of the saddle. — à tous chevaux; common saddle; commonplace discourse. La première —; the best horse in the stable. — de calfat; (nav.) calking-box.

seller, v.a., to saddle.

se seller, v.r., (agri.) to harden (as land).

sellerie (sèl-rî), n.f., saddlery, saddle-room.

sellette, n.f., culprits’ seat; (fig.) stool of repentance; bed (of a carriage); shoe-black’s box; collar (of a plow); cradle (of painters); (nav.) calking-box. Être sur la —; to be at the bar (of criminals). Mettre sur la —; to haul over the coals. Tenir sur la —; to cross-question, to heckle, to pump (a person).

sellier, n.m., saddler.

selon, prep., according to, agreeably to, conformably to, pursuant to. On l’a traité — son mérite; he was treated according to his deserts. — moi; in my opinion. C’est —; that depends.

selon que, conj., as, according as.

*semailles, n.f.pl., sowing; seed; sowing-time.

semaine, n.f., week; week’s work; week’s wages; week’s money; week’s pocket-money; week’s allowance. À la —; by the week. Prêter à la petite —; to lend money (for a short time) at high interest. — sainte; Holy Week. — grasse; shrove-tide. Par —; a week. La — prochaine; next week. La — des quatre jeudis; when two Sundays come together (i.e. never). Être de —; to be on duty (for the week).

semainier, n.m., officer, monk, or actor, on duty (for the week); case of seven razors; letter-rack; bangle.

semainière, n.f., nun, or actress, on duty (for the week).

sémaphore, n.m., semaphore, signal-post.

semaque, n.f., fishing-boat, fishing-smack.

semblable, adj., like, alike, not unlike, similar, such. — à un torrent; like a torrent.

semblable, n.m., like; fellow, match, equal; fellow-creature, fellow-man.

semblablement, adv., likewise, too, also, in like manner.

☉semblance, n.f., resemblance, semblance, look, likeness.

semblant, n.m., appearance, semblance, seeming, air, look; pretense, show, sham. Faux —; false pretense. Faire —; to feign, to pretend, to dissemble, to seem, to appear as if. Il fait — de ne pas le voir; he pretends not to see it. Ne faire — de rien; to appear to take no notice (of); to feign ignorance (of). Sans faire — de rien; looking as if nothing was the matter.

sembler, v.n., to seem, to appear. Cela me semble ainsi; it appears so to me. Il semble; it seems, it appears, it would appear. Il me semble que je le vois; I think, or I fancy, I see him. Il lui semble que; he fancies that. Que vous en semble? what do you think of it? Il lui semble que cela n’est rien; he thinks it is nothing. Si bon lui semble; if he thinks fit. C’est ce qui me semble; precisely as I thought. Il semble que ce soit; it seems that it is. Il me semble que c’est; it seems to me that it is.

semé, -e, part., sowed, sown; strewn (with); interspersed (with); (her.) aspersed. — d’étoiles; bespangled with stars. — de fleurs; strewn with flowers.

séméiologie, n.f., semeiology.

séméiotique, n.f., semeiotics.

semelle, n.f., sole (of boots, shoes); foot (of stockings); length of a foot; (carp.) sleeper; dormant-tree; shoe (of an anchor). — simple; single sole. Battre la —; to pad the hoof, to tramp; to warm one’s feet, or trudge about. Reculer d’une —; to give way a foot. Ne pas rompre d’une —; not to draw back a step; not to give way an inch. Rompre la —; (fencing) to retire in parrying. — de dérive; (nav.) lee-board.

semence, n.f., seed; seeds; saving; fine sprigs (small nails, tin tacks); (fig.) cause. — de perles; seed-pearl. — d’un procès; cause of a lawsuit. — de diamant; diamond-sparks.

semencine, n.f., (pharm.) one of the three kinds of wormwood.

semen-contra (sé-mè-n-), n.m., (n.p.) (pharm.) semen-contra, worm-seed.

semé, -e, part., adj., sown, strewn, interspersed.

semer, v.a., to sow, to scatter; to spread; to strew, to sprinkle, to disseminate. — du blé; to sow wheat. — de l’argent; to scatter money. — la discorde; to sow discord. — la terreur; to spread terror. — des fleurs; to strew flowers. Il faut — pour recueillir; one must sow first to reap afterwards. Se —; to be sowed.

semestre (-mès-), n.m., half-year; six months; half-year’s duty, half-year’s income; (milit.) six months’ furlough. Entrer en —; to enter upon a six months’ duty. Congé de —; six months’ furlough. Par —; half-yearly.

semestriel, -le (-mès-), adj., half-yearly.

semestrier, (-mès-), n.m., (milit.) soldier absent on a six months’ furlough.

semeur, n.m., seedsman, sower; disseminator, spreader.

semi, adj. invariable, semi, demi, half.

semi-arien, -ne, adj. and n., (—-—s) Semi-Arian.

semi-circulaire, adj., semicircular.

semi-double, adj., semi-double.

semi-flosculeu-x, -se, adj., (bot.) semi-flosculous.

semi-hebdomadaire, adj., semi-weekly.

semillance, n.f., sprightliness, liveliness.

*sémillant, -e, adj., brisk, lively, frisky, sprightly.

sémiller, v.n., to be sprightly or lively; to be brisk.

semi-lunaire, adj., semi-lunar.

semi-mensuel, -le, adj., fortnightly.

séminaire, n.m., seminary, clerical college; school.

séminal, -e, adj., seminal.

séminariste, n.m., seminarist.

sémination, n.f., semination.

semi-périodique, adj., semi-periodic.

semi-preuve, n.f., (—-—s) imperfect proof, beginning of a proof.

semis, n.m., seed-plot, seedling.

sémitique, adj., Semitic.

semi-ton, n.m., (—-—s) (mus.) semitone.

semoir, n.m., (agri.) seed-lip; drill-machine, corn-drill.

semonce, n.f., rebuke, reprimand, lecture; call, summons.

semoncer, v.a., to reprimand, to lecture, to summon, to call.

semoule, n.f., semolina.

semper-virens (sin-pèr-vi-rīns), n.m., adj., (—) (bot.) coral honeysuckle; evergreen.

sempiternel, -le (sin-), adj., sempiternal, everlasting.

sénat, n.m., senate; senate-house.

sénateur, n.m., senator.

sénatorerie, n.f., senatorship.

sénatorial, -e, adj., senatorial.

sénatorien, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., senatorial, senatorian.

sénatrice, n.f., senator’s lady.

sénatus-consulte (-tus-), n.m., (—-—s) senatus-consultum; decree (of a senator).

senau, n.m., (nav.) snow (sort of vessel). Voile de —; try-sail.

séné, n.m., senna.

sénéchal, n.m., seneschal. Grand —; high seneschal.

sénéchale, n.f., seneschal’s wife.

sénéchaussée, n.f., seneschal’s jurisdiction; seneschal’s court.

seneçon (sè-n-son), n.m., (bot.) groundsel.

senegrain, senègre, or senegré, n.m., (bot.) fenugreek.

senelle, n.f. V. cenelle.

sénestre, adj., ☉left; (her.) sinister.

sénevé (sé-n-vé), n.m., (bot.) charlock, black mustard.

☉sénieur, n.m., senior.

sénile, adj., senile, old.

sénilité, n.f., senility, old age.

senne, n.f. V. seine.

sens (sānss), n.m., sense, senses, feelings, passions; understanding, judgment; intellect; reason, intelligence; opinion, sentiment; wits, reason, judgment; meaning, import; way, direction. Reprendre ses —; to come to one’s senses, to come to. Bon —; good sense. — commun; common-sense. — propre; proper meaning. — figuré; figurative sense. — intime; consciousness. À double —; with double meaning. A mon —; in my opinion. Dans tous les —; in all directions, to and fro. En tous —; in every direction. N’avoir pas le — commun; to be preposterous, absurd. Tomber sous le —; to be obvious, self-evident. À contre —; wrong way, in a wrong sense. — devant derrière; hind part foremost; wrong side first. Ce mot a deux —; that word has two meanings. Il abonde en son —; he is wedded to his opinion. J’abonde dans votre —; I am of your opinion. — dessus dessous; upside down, topsy-turvy. Être dans son bon —; to be in one’s right senses. Mettre quelqu’un hors de son bon —; to drive any one out of his senses. En — inverse; in a contrary direction.

sensation, n.f., sensation, feeling. Faire —; to cause a sensation. À —; sensational.

sensé, -e, adj., sensible, intelligent, reasonable.

sensément, adv., sensibly, judiciously.

sensibilité, n.f., sensibility, sensitiveness, feeling, delicacy; tenderness, soreness; tender-heartedness.

sensible, adj., sensible; perceptible, obvious, palpable, evident; feeling, sensitive; visible (horizon); tender, sore (of flesh). Il se montra — à ma douleur; he seemed moved by my sorrow. C’est son endroit —; that’s his sensitive part. Note —; (mus.) leading note.

sensible, n.f., (mus.) leading note.

sensiblement, adv., sensibly, feelingly, keenly; vividly, deeply, obviously, perceptibly, greatly, visibly, considerably, much.

sensiblerie, n.f., sentimentality.

sensiti-f, -ve, adj., sensitive.

sensitive, n.f., (bot.) sensitive plant.

sensorial, adj., (physiol.) sensorial.

sensorium (-om), n.m., sensorium.

sensualisme, n.m., sensualism.

sensualiste, n.m.f. and adj., sensualist; sensual.

sensualité, n.f., sensuality.

sensuel, -le, n. and adj., sensualist; sensual, voluptuous.

sensuellement (-èl-mān), adv., sensually.

☉sente, n.f. V. sentier.

sentence, n.f., sentence; maxim; judgment; decree, decision, verdict.

☉sentencié, n.m., -e, n.f., convict.

☉sentencier, v.a., (criminal law) to condemn, to pass sentence, to sentence.

sentencieusement (-eûz-mān), adv., sententiously.

sentencieu-x, -se, adj., sententious.

sentène, n.f., thread of a skein. V. centaine.

senteur, n.f., scent, fragrance, perfume, odor, smell. Pois de —; sweet pea.

senti, -e, part. and adj., felt, experienced, perceived. Bien —, vivement —; heartfelt, deeply felt; (fig.) expressive, impressive, well expressed.

sentier (-tié), n.m., path, foot-path, pathway, by-way; lane, track; balk (in a plowed field). — battu; beaten track.

sentiment, n.m., feeling, sensation; sentiment; perception; sense, consciousness, sensibility; opinion. Avoir le — de; to be conscious of. Juger par —; to judge from feeling. — d’amour; feeling of love. Selon mon —; in my opinion. Faire des —; to be sentimental.

sentimental, -e, adj., sentimental.

sentimentalement, adv., sentimentally.

sentimentalité, n.f., sentimentality.

sentine, n.f., (nav.) well-room (of a ship); (fig.) sink of vice.

sentinelle, n.f., sentinel, sentry. — perdue; forlorn sentinel. Faire —; to keep sentry, to mount guard, to be on the watch.

sentir (sentant, senti), v.a., to feel, to be sensible of, to have a sense of; to smell, to scent; to taste, to have a taste of, to savor; to look like, to perceive, to experience, to foresee, to guess, to know. Cette carpe sent la bourbe; this carp tastes of the mud. Faire — quelque chose à quelqu’un; to impress any one with a sense of any thing, to bring home to. Il sent les choses de loin; he foresees things from afar. Se faire —; to make itself felt.

se sentir, v.r., to feel one’s self, to know one’s self, to be sensible; to be conscious, to feel the effects of; to be visible or perceived; to feel within one’s self. Il se sentait mourir; he felt himself dying. Il ne se sent pas de froid; he is quite benumbed with cold. Ne pas se — de joie; to be beside one’s self with joy; to be in raptures. Il se sent bien; he knows himself very well.

sentir, v.n., to feel; to smell, to have an odor; to have a bad smell. — bon; to smell nice. — mauvais; to smell bad. Cette viande commence à —; this meat is beginning to be tainted. Cela ne sent pas bon; (fig.) I don’t like the look of it.

seoir (soâr), v.n., to suit, to become, to fit. Il vous sied mal, or il ne vous sied pas, (de); it ill becomes you to.

seoir (soâr), v.n., (l.u.) to sit, to be sitting.

séparable, adj., separable.

séparation, n.f., separation, severing; parting; partition. — de biens; separate estate, separate maintenance. — de corps et de biens; divorce a mensâ et thoro, or judicial separation. Mur de —; partition wall.

séparatiste, n.m., separatist, secessionist. adj., seceding.

séparément, adv., separately; disjunctively; apart, asunder.

séparer, v.a., to separate, to sever, to disunite, to divide, to part, to set apart, to drive asunder, to disjoin, to divorce; to disconnect, to cut off. — le bon grain d’avec le mauvais; to separate the good seed from the bad. — les cheveux sur le front; to part the hair on the forehead. — deux hommes qui se battent; to part two men fighting.

se séparer, v.r., to separate, to sever, to part, to part company (with); to secede, to divide; to break up (of assemblies); to come off. Il n’y a si bonne compagnie qui ne se sépare; the best friends must part at last.

sépia, n.f., sepia. À la —; in sepia.

seps (sèps), n.m., (erpetology) seps.

sept (sèt), n.m. and adj., seven, seventh.

septain, n.m., seven-lined stanza.

☉septante (sèp-), adj., seventy. Version des —s; septuagint.

septembre (sèp-), n.m., September.

septembriseur (sèp-), n.m., (French hist.) septembrist, agent of the massacres of September, 1792.

septénaire (sèp-), n.m. and adj., septenary.

septennal, -e (sèp-tè-n-nal), adj., septennial.

septennalité (sèp-tè-n-na-), n.f., seven years’ duration.

septentrion (sèp-), n.m., North; (astron.) Lesser Bear.

septentrional, -e (sèp-), adj., North, Northern.

septidi (sèp-), n.m., septidi, the seventh day of the decade of the calendar of the first French republic.

septième (sè-tièm), n.m.f. and adj., seventh; seventh day. Elève de —; seventh form boy (in France); lowest-class boy (in America).

septième (sĕ-tièm), n.f., sequence of seven cards; (mus.) seventh; (piquet) septieme.

septièmement (sè-tièm-mān), adv., seventhly.

septier (se-tié), n.m. V. setier.

septillion (sèp-), n.m., (arith.) one quadrillion.

septimo (sèp-), adv., seventhly, in the seventh place.

septique (sèp-), adj., (med.) septical, septic.

septuagénaire (sèp-), n.m.f. and adj., septuagenarian.

septuagésime (sèp-), n.f., septuagesima.

septuor (sèp-), n.m. (—), (mus.) a piece for seven voices, or seven instruments.

septuple (sèp-), n.m. and adj., septuple, sevenfold.

septupler (sèp-), v.a., to increase sevenfold.

sépulcral, -e, adj., sepulchral, cadaverous.

sépulcre, n.m., sepulchre, tomb, grave.

sépulture, n.f., burial, sepulture, interment, vault (tomb). La — ecclésiastique; Christian burial. Privé de —; left unburied. Donner la —; to bury, to inter.

séquelle, n.f., (fam.) gang, crew (of persons); set, host (of things).

séquence, n.f., sequence (at cards); (c.rel.) sequence.

séquestration, n.f., sequestration.

séquestre, n.m., sequestration; sequestrator; deposit, depository. Mettre en —; to sequester.

séquestré, -e, adj., sequestered, solitary, lonely, retired.

séquestrer, v.a., to sequester; to put away.

se séquestrer, v.r., to sequester one’s self.

séquin, n.m., sequin (gold coin).

*sérail, n.m., seraglio.

séran, n.m., hatchel, flax comb.

sérançage, n.m., hatcheling.

sérancer, v.a., to hatchel, to dress (flax).

séranceur, n.m., hatcheler, flax or hemp-dresser.

sérançoir, n.m., hatchel, flax-comb.

sérancolin, n.m., Serancolin marble.

séraphin, n.m., seraph.

séraphique, adj., seraphic.

sérasquier, n.m., seraskier, pacha (commanding the troops of a province).

serbocal, n.m., small glass cylinder.

serein, n.m., night-dew, evening-damp.

serein (sĕ-rīn), -e, (sĕ-rè-n), adj., serene, placid, calm; happy.

sérénade, n.f., serenade. Donner une — à; to serenade.

sérénissime, adj., most serene (title).

sérénité, n.f., serenity, calmness; placidness; equanimity. Avec —; serenely, calmly.

séreu-x, -se, adj., (med.) serous, watery.

ser-f (sèrf), -ve (sèrv), n. and adj., serf; in bondage, of serfs.

serfouette (sèr-), n.f., hoe.

serfouir (sèr-), v.a., to hoe.

serfouissage (sèr-), n.m., (gard.) hoeing.

serge (sèrj), n.f., serge.

sergent (sèr-), n.m., sergeant; (joiner’s tool) cramp. — d’armes; sergeant-at-arms. — de ville; policeman, constable.

☉sergenter (sèr-), v.a., to dun; to plague, to bore.

☉sergenterie (sèr-jan-tri), n.f., sergeantship.

serger or sergier (sèr-), n.m., serge-weaver.

sergerie (sèr-), n.f., serge-manufactory, serge-trade.

séricicole, adj., silk-producing.

sériciculteur, n.m., silk-grower.

sériciculture, n.f., silk culture, silk husbandry.

série, n.f., series.

sérieusement (-eûz-mān), adv., seriously, gravely, in earnest; for good; coolly, coldly.

sérieu-x, -se, adj., serious, grave, staid; earnest, real, true, solid, substantial; said, or meant, in earnest. Mine —se; serious look.

sérieux, n.m., seriousness, importance, gravity, earnestness; (thea.) serious business, serious side, serious part. Garder son —; to preserve one’s gravity, to keep one’s countenance. Prendre son —; to grow serious, to begin to look grave. Au —; in earnest, seriously. Reprendre son —; to recover one’s gravity.

serin (sĕ-rīn), n.m., -e (sĕ-ri-n), n.f., canary, canary-bird; (fig.) muff, flat, fool.

serinage, n.m., cramming, grinding (of pupils).

seriner (sĕ-), v.a., to teach with the bird-organ. — un oiseau; to teach a bird with the bird-organ; (fig.) to coach, to cram.

serinette (sĕ-), n.f., bird-organ; singer of no power.

seringa (sĕ-), n.m., (bot.) syringa.

seringue (sĕ-rīngh), n.f., syringe, squirt.

seringuer (sĕ-rīn-ghé), v.a., to syringe, to squirt, to inject, to flash. — un vaisseau; (nav.) to rake a ship.

serment (sèr-), n.m., oath, promise, solemn declaration. pl., swearing. Faux —; false oath. Prêter —; to take an oath, to be sworn. Rompre son —, manquer à son —; to break one’s oath. Sous la foi du —; upon oath. Faire prêter — à; to swear in any one, to put any one on his oath.

☉sermente, -e (sèr-), adj. V. assermenté.

sermon (sèr-), n.m., sermon; lecture, admonition.

sermonnaire (sèr-), n.m. and adj., collection of sermons; author of sermons; adapted to sermons.

sermonner (sèr-), v.a., (b.s.) to sermonize, to preach, to lecture.

sermonneur (sèr-), n.m., (b.s.) sermonizer, preacher, lecturer.

sérosité, n.f., serosity, wateriness.

serpe (sèrp), n.f., bill, bill-hook, hedge-bill, pruning-bill. C’est fait à la —; it is done in a bungling way.

serpent (sèr-), n.m., serpent, snake, adder; (mus.) serpent, serpent player. — à sonnettes; rattlesnake. Œil-de-—, (—s-—) (jewel) serpent’s-eye. Langue-de-—, (—s-—) (bot.) serpent’s-tongue.

serpentaire (sèr-), n.f., (bot.) serpentaria, snake-root; dragon’s-wort.

serpentaire (sèr-), n.m., (astron.) Serpentarius; (orni.) serpent-eater.

serpente (sèr-), n.f., silver-paper, tissue-paper.

serpenteau (sèr-), n.m., young serpent; (firework) serpent, squib.

serpenter (sèr-), v.n., to meander, to wind, to twine.

serpentin, -e (sèr-), adj., serpentine (of marble; of a horse’s tongue).

serpentin (sèr-), n.m., winding-pipe, worm (of a still).

serpentine (sèr-), n.f., serpentine-stone; serpentine-marble; (bot.) ophioxylon, snake-wood.

serpette (sèr-), n.f., pruning-knife, garden-knife.

serpigineu-x, -se (sèr-), adj., (med.) serpiginous.

*serpillère (ser-), n.f., packing-cloth; (coarse) apron, canvas.

serpolet (sèr-), n.m., (bot.) wild thyme.

serrage, n.m., tightening, pressing.

serraté, -e, adj., serrate, serrated.

serratiforme, adj., saw-shaped.

serratule (sèr-ra-), n.f., (bot.) serratula, saw-wort.

serre (sèr-), n.f., greenhouse; conservatory; talon, claw (of birds); pressure, squeeze (of fruit); grasp, grip, clutch, hand. — chaude; hot-house. — à raisin; vinery. — à ananas; pinery. Avoir la — bonne; to have a strong grasp, grip, or hand.

serré, -e (sè-ré), part., close, serried, compact, tight, fast; crowded; close-fisted, covetous; (bot.) serrate, serrated; small (of writing); concise, terse (of style). Un nœud —; a tight knot. Drap bien —; close-woven cloth. Avoir le cœur —; to be oppressed with grief.

serré (sè-ré), adv., very much; hard (of freezing); impudently (of lying). Jouer —; to play prudently.

serre-bosse (sèr-), n.f., (—) (nav.) shank-painter.

serre-étoupe (sèr-), n.m., (—) stuffing-box.

serre-file (sèr-), n.m., (—-—s) (milit.) bringer up, last man; (nav.) sternmost vessel.

serre-frein (sèr-), n.m., (—-—s) (rail.) brake-man.

serrement (sèr-mān), n.m., pressing, clasping; squeeze, squeezing. — de cœur; anguish of heart; pang. — de main; hand-squeeze.

serrément (sè-ré-), adv., niggardly, closely.

serre-nez (sèr-), n.m., (—) (man.) twitch.

serre-nœud (sèr-), n.m., (—-—s) (surg.) ligature-tightener.

serre-papiers (sèr-), n.m., (—) paper-holder, set of pigeon-holes for papers.

serrer (sè-ré), v.a., to press, to press closely; to tighten, to squeeze, to grasp, to grip, to wring; to crowd, to condense, to put close together; to press, to push hard; to tie (a knot); (print.) to lock, to lock up; to oppress (the heart); (milit.) to close (the ranks); to clinch (one’s fist, one’s teeth); to put away; to clasp, to draw close, to hug (the coast). — la main à quelqu’un; to shake any one by the hand, to shake hands with any one. — un nœud; to tighten a knot. — le bouton à quelqu’un; to urge any one on. — les pouces à quelqu’un; to force any one to do a thing; to bring pressure to bear upon. Cela serre le cœur; it is a heart-rending sight. — les rangs; (milit.) to close the ranks. Serrez les rangs! close up! — son écriture; to write close. — les dents; to clench one’s teeth. — le poing; to clench one’s fist. — la forme; (print.) to lock up the form. — la muraille; to pass close to, or to skirt, the wall. — de près; to press hard. — les voiles; to take in the sails. — le vent; to haul close to the wind; to work to windward. Serrez vos livres; put your books away. — les blés; to house the corn. — des vêtements; to put away clothes. — la bride; to pull in the bridle; to pull up.

se serrer (sè-ré), v.r., to press each other close; to sit close, to lie close; to stand close; to crowd; to tighten one’s self; to pinch, or stint, one’s self.

serre-tête (sèr-), n.m., (—) head-band; night-cap; bathing-cap.

serrette (sè-rèt) or sarrette, n.f., (bot.) serratula, saw-wort.

serron (sè-), n.m., seroon.

serrure (sè-rur), n.f., lock. — de sûreté; safety lock. Crocheter une —; to pick a lock.

serrurerie (sè-rur-rî), n.f., locksmith’s trade, locksmith’s work.

serrurier (sè-), n.m., locksmith.

sertir (sèr-), v.a., to set a stone (in a bezel).

sertissure (sèr-), n.f., setting (in a bezel).

sérum (-rom), n.m., serum.

servage (sèr-), n.m., servitude, bondage, serfdom.

serval (sèr-), n.m., (mam.) tiger-cat.

servant (sèr-), adj., serving, in waiting; lay (brother).

servant (sèr-), n.m., (artil.) gunner, artillery-man.

servante (sèr-), n.f., servant-maid, maid-servant; servant-girl; dumb-waiter, dinner-wagon; (print.) frisket-stand.

serve, n.f., female serf.

serveur, n.m., bowler (at cricket).

serviable (sèr-), adj., serviceable, willing to do a service, obliging.

service (sèr-), n.m., service; duty, attendance; office, function; divine service; set (collection); course (of dishes at meals). Se mettre en —; (of servants) to go into service. Être au — de; to be in the service of. Au —; in the army, in the service. Qu’y a-t-il pour votre —? what can I do for you? Il a trente ans de —; he has served thirty years. Être de —; to be on duty. Hors de —; out of use, unfit for use. Faire le —; to perform the duty, or work, of; to do duty, or officiate, at; (of coaches) to ply between. Se mettre en —; to go into service.

serviette (sèr-), n.f., napkin, towel. Rond de —; napkin ring. — de dessert; doily. — de toilette; bedroom towel.

servile (sèr-), adj., servile, menial; slavish, cringing; mean.

servilement (sèr-vil-mān), adv., servilely, slavishly, meanly.

servilité (sèr-), n.f., servility, servileness, slavishness, meanness, cringing.

servir (sèr-), (servant, servi), v.a., to serve, to wait on, to attend; to serve up; to help to, to be serviceable, to be of service; to assist; to be of use; to help; (fin.) to pay (interest); to supply (with goods); (c.rel.) to assist the priest (at mass). — à table; to wait at table. Madame est servie; dinner is served or is ready. Pour vous —; at your service; with your leave.

se servir (sèr-), v.r., to serve one’s self, to be served, to be served up (of dishes). Se — de; to use, to employ, to make use of; to avail one’s self of. Servez-vous; help yourself.

servir (sèr-), v.n., to serve, to be of use, to serve up, to bring in dinner or supper; to be employed, to be conducive. On a servi; dinner is on the table. — sur mer, sur terre; to serve in the navy, in the army. — de; to serve as, to do the office of. Cela ne sert à rien; that is of no use. Cela sert à plusieurs choses; that is used for several purposes. À quoi sert-il de? of what use is it to? Il ne sert à rien de; it is of no use to. Il ne sert à rien de s’emporter; it is of no use flying into a passion. Cela sert de pain; that does instead of bread. Il m’a servi de père; he has been as a father to me. Cela ne sert de rien; that is of no avail. Se faire —; to be waited upon.

serviteur (sèr-), n.m., servant, man-servant. — de l’Etat; servant of the State. Votre —! your servant; I beg to be excused; excuse me.

servitude (sèr-), n.f., servitude, slavery.

ses (sè), adj.pl., his, her, its, one’s. V. son.

sésame, n.m., (bot.) sesame, sesamum. — ouvre-toi! open, sesame!

sésamoïde, adj.m., (anat.) sesamoid.

séséli, n.m., (bot.) seseli.

sesquialtère (sès-kui-), adj., (math.) sesquilateral.

sessile (sès-sil), adj., sessile.

session (sè-), n.f., session, sitting; term (of law courts or universities).

sesterce (sès-), n.m., (Rom, antiq.) sesterce.

sétacé, -e, adj., setaceous, bristle-shaped.

séthim (-tim), n.m., (bot.) shittim.

☉setier (sĕ-tié), n.m., an obsolete measure, pint.

sétifère, adj., bristle-bearing, setiferous.

sétiforme, adj., bristle-shaped.

sétigère, adj., (bot.) setigerous, bristly.

séton, n.m., seton.

*seuil, n.m., threshold (of a door); sill.

seul, -e, n. and adj., one; alone, by one’s self; single; mere, only, sole. Tout —; all alone. Un — homme; one man, a single man, one man only. Un homme —; a lonely man, a man by himself.

seulement (seul-mān), adv., only, but, solely, merely. Un mot —; but one word.

seulet, -te, adj., (l.u.) alone, by one’s self, all alone.

sève, n.f., sap; pith; vigor, strength. Cet arbre est en —; the sap of that tree is rising.

sévère, adj., severe, stern, harsh, hard, rigid, strict; austere; noble and regular, correct, pure. Un juge —; a stern judge.

sévèrement (-vèr-mān), adv., severely, harshly; sternly; strictly; purely, correctly.

sévérité, n.f., severity, rigidness, strictness, sternness; austerity; purity, correctness. User de — envers quelqu’un; to use any one unkindly.

séveu-x, -se, adj., (bot.) sappy; (fig.) pithy, vigorous, strong.

sévices, n.m.pl., (jur.) cruelty, assault.

sévir, v.n., (contre) to use with rigor, to be severe; to deal rigorously with; to rage (of war, etc.).

sevrage (sĕ-), n.m., weaning.

sevrer (sĕ-), v.a., to wean, to deprive (of).

sèvres, n.m., Sèvres porcelain.

sevreuse (sĕ-), n.f., dry nurse.

sexagénaire (sèg-za-), n.m.f., and adj., sexagenarian.

sexagésimal (sèg-za-), adj., (math.) sexagesimal.

sexagésime (sèg-za-), n.f., Sexagesima.

sexangulaire (sèk-sān-), adj., sexangular.

sex-digitaire (sèks-), n.m.f. and adj., (—-—s) six-fingered person; six-fingered.

sex-digital, -e (sèks-), adj., six-fingered; six-toed.

sexe (sèks), n.m., sex; fair sex; womankind. Le beau —; the fair sex.

sexennal, -e (sèk-sè-n-nal), adj., sexennial.

sextant (sèks-), n.m., sextant.

sexte (sèkst), n.f., (c.rel.) sixth canonical hour; sixth; the sixth book of Pope Boniface VIII.’s Decretals.

sextidi (sèks-), n.m., sextidi, sixth day of the decade of the calendar of the first French republic.

sextil, -e (sèks-), adj. Aspect —; (astrol.) sextile.

sextillion (sèks-), n.m., (arith.) one thousand trillions.

sexto, adv., sixthly, in the sixth place.

sextule (sèks-), n.m., apothecaries’ weight, about 65 grains.

sextuor (sèks-), n.m., (—) (mus.) sextet.

sextuple (sèks-), n.m. and adj., sextuple, sixfold.

sextupler (sèks-), v.a., to increase sixfold.

sexualité (sèk-sua-), n.f., sexuality.

sexuel, -le (sèk-su-èl), adj., sexual.

sgraffite, n.m. V. graffite.

shako (sha-), n.m., (milit.) shako.

shall, n.m. V. châle.

sheling, n.m. V. schelling.

shérif (shérif), n.m., sheriff.

si, conj., if; whether; ☉nevertheless. — vous le faites; if you do it. — je l’avais vu; had I seen it. S’il vient; if he comes. S’ils veulent; if they like. — bien que; so that. — ce n’est que; unless, except. — ... que, however.

si, adv., so, so much; however; yes. N’allez pas — vite; do not go so fast. — petit qu’il soit; however small he is, small as he is. Je dis que —; I say yes. Je gage que —; I bet that it is so. — fait vraiment; yes indeed, oh yes; excuse me. Vous ne l’avez pas vu. —, je l’ai vu; you have not seen it. Yes, I have. Il n’y a pas de — qui fasse; there is no excuse for it. Avec un — on mettrait Paris dans une bouteille; if wishes were horses, beggars would ride, or such suppositions are idle. Oh! que —; oh! yes, I would; isn’t he, though!

si, n.m., (mus.) B, si.

sialagogue, n.m., (med.) sialogogue.

sialisme, n.m., (med.) ptyalism.

siamois, -e, n. and adj., Siamese.

siamoise, n.f., Siam cotton.

sibarite, n.m. V. sybarite.

sibilant, -e, adj., hissing, sibilant.

sibylle, n.f., sibyl.

sibyllin, adj., sibylline.

sic, adv., (Lat.) sic, thus.

sicaire, n.m., hired assassin.

siccati-f, -ve, adj., siccative.

siccatif, n.m., siccative, dessicative, drying.

siccité (sik-si-), n.f., siccity, dryness.

sicilien, -ne (-in, -èn), n. and adj., Sicilian.

sicilique, n.m., apothecaries’ weight, about 97¾ grains.

sicle, n.m., shekel.

sicomore, n.f. V. sycomore.

sidéral, -e, adj., sideral, sidereal.

sidéritis, n.m. V. crapaudine.

sidéroxylon, n.m., iron wood.

siècle, n.m., century, hundred years; age, time; world; period. Les mœurs de notre —; the manners of our age. Il y a un — qu’on ne vous a vu; we have not seen you for an age. A tous les —s, aux —s des —s, dans tous les —s des —s; for ever and ever, in all times, in all ages.

siège, n.m., seat, coach-box; bench (of a court of justice); bishopric, see; dickey (of a carriage); (milit.) siege; offices. En état de —; in a state of siege; under martial law. Equipage de —; siege-train. Pièce de —; siege gun. Mettre le — devant; to lay siege to. Le — d’un cocher; a coachman’s box. Le saint-—; the holy see. Le — d’une société; the office of any society. Lever le —; to raise the siege.

siéger, v.n., to hold one’s see (of bishops); to sit (of assemblies or courts); to be seated (fig.); to lie, to reside (of a thing).

sien, -ne (si-īn, si-è-n), pron., his, hers, its; one’s own. Mon père et le sien; my father and his, hers. Ma sœur et la sienne; my sister and his, hers.

sien, n.m., -ne, n.f., one’s own property; his own, her own, one’s own. Chacun le — n’est pas trop; let each have his own and all is fair. Faire des —nes; to play pranks. Les —s; one’s people, relations and friends. À chacun le —; to each his own.

sienne (terre de), n.f., sienna earth, sienna.

sieste, n.f., siesta, afternoon nap. Faire la —; to take one’s afternoon’s nap.

sieur, n.m., (jur.) mister, Mr., the said.

sifflable, adj., that deserves to be hissed.

sifflage, n.m., wheezing (of lungs).

sifflant, -e, adj., hissing, whistling; sibilant; wheezing.

sifflement, n.m., whistling, whistle; hissing, hiss; whiz, whizzing (of the wind, an arrow, etc.); wheezing.

siffler, v.n., to whistle, to hiss, to whiz; to wheeze.

siffler, v.a., to whistle; to hiss at; to sing (of birds); to prompt. — quelqu’un; to prompt any one. — une pièce; to hiss a piece. — un acteur; to hiss an actor.

sifflerie, n.m., hissing.

sifflet, n.m., whistle, catcall; windpipe; (nav.) boatswain’s call. Un coup de —; a whistle, a signal. Couper le — à quelqu’un; (triv.) to cut any one’s throat; to shut up, or silence, any one.

siffleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., whistler, hisser, singer.

siffleur, n.m., (orni.) wood-wren; piping bull-finch.

siffleu-r, -se, adj., whistling, piping (of birds); that wheezes (of horses). n.m., un —; (of horses) a roarer.

sigillé, -e (-jil-lé), adj., sigillated. Terre —e; bole.

sigisbée, n.m., cicisbeo, lover.

sigisbéisme, n.m., cicisbeism.

sigmoïde, adj., (anat.) sigmoid, sigmoidal.

*signal, n.m., signal; word.

*signalé, -e, adj., signalized; signal; remarkable, conspicuous.

*signalement, n.m., description (of a man).

*signaler, v.a., to give the description of; to point out, to mention, to notice; to mark out; to give a signal, to signalize.

se signaler, v.r., to signalize, or distinguish, one’s self.

signaliste, n.m.f., signalman.

*signataire, n.m.f., signer, subscriber. adj. signatory.

*signature, n.f., signature, sign, sign-manual; signing.

*signe, n.m., sign, mark; beck, nod; indication, token, badge; omen; mark (on the skin). Faire —; to make signs, to beckon. Faire — de la main; to beckon with the hand. — de la tête; nod. Faire le — de la croix; to cross one’s self.

*signer, v.a., to sign, to subscribe.

*se signer, v.r., to cross one’s self; to make the sign of the cross.

signer, v.n., to sign, to subscribe one’s self.

signet (sī-nè), n.m., small sign; tassel, mark (for books).

☉*signifiance, n.f., significance, token, testimony, sign, mark.

*signifiant, -e, adj., (theol.) significant, significative, expressive.

*significati-f, -ve, adj., significative, significant.

*signification, n.f., signification; meaning, sense, acceptation; (jur.) legal notice.

*significativement, adv., with force, significantly.

*signifier, v.a., to signify, to mean, to notify, to declare, to announce, to intimate; (jur.) to serve. Que signifie ce mot? what is the meaning of this word? Faire —; to give notice of. Je lui ai signifié d’avoir à s’y trouver; I gave him notice to be sure and be there.

*se signifier, v.r., (jur.) to be served.

sikh, n.m., adj., Sikh (East Indian).

sil, n.m., yellow ocher (of the ancients).

silence, n.m., silence, stillness; secrecy, omission, pause; (mus.) rest. Faire —; to keep silence, to be silent. Rompre le —; to break the silence. Imposer —; to silence. Passer sous —; to pass over in silence, not to mention. Réduire au —; to silence. Garder, or observer, le —; to keep silence, or remain silent. En —; silently, without noise, gently. Dans le —; in secret, secretly.

silencieusement (-eûz-mān), adv., silently.

silencieu-x, -se, adj., silent, still.

silène, n.m., (myth.) Silenus; Satyr.

silène, n.f., (bot.) catch-fly.

silex (-lèks), n.m., silex, flint.

silhouette or silouette, n.f., silhouette, outline; profile.

silicate, n.m., (chem.) silicate.

silice, n.f., (chem.) silica, flint.

siliceu-x, -se, adj., silicious.

silicique, adj., (chem.) silicic.

silicium, n.m., (chem.) silicon, silicium.

silicule, n.f., (bot.) silicle, silicula, seed-pouch.

siliculeu-x, -se, adj., (bot.) siliculous, siliculose.

silique, n.f., (bot.) siliqua, silique, two-valved pod.

siliqueu-x, -se, adj., (bot.) siliquous, siliquose.

*sillage, n.m., (nav.) track, wake; steerage-way, sea-way.

sillée, n.f., (agri.) trench.

*siller, v.n., (l.u.) (nav.) to run ahead, to make headway.

*siller, v.a., to close the eyes (of a hawk).

*sillet, n.m., nut (of stringed instruments).

*sillomètre, n.m., (nav.) sillometer, log.

*sillon, n.m., (agri.) furrow, ridge; trench, drill; track, trail (of light); wake (of ships); (anat.) groove; wrinkle; (poet.) pl., fields, plains.

*sillonner, v.a., to furrow, to plow, to ridge, to cut; to streak, to flash through, to glint; (anat.) to groove.

silo, n.m., pit (for preserving grain).

silouette, n.f. V. silhouette.

silphium (-fiom), n.m., (n.p.) silphium, laser.

silure, n.m., (ich.) silurus, silure.

silurien, -ne (ri-īn, -è-n), adj., (geol.) silurian.

silves, n.f.pl. V. sylves.

simagrée, n.f., grimace, pretense, show, affected way. pl., affectation, grimaces, fuss.

simaise, n.f. V. cimaise.

simarouba, n.m., (bot.) simaruba.

simarre, n.f., (of priests) cassock; woman’s long gown; justice’s robe.

simbleau, n.m., (carp.) radius-line.

similaire, adj., similar.

similarité, n.f., similarity, likeness.

similitude, n.f., similitude, similarity; comparison; (rhet.) simile.

similivoire, n.m., imitation ivory.

similor, n.m., pinchbeck.

simoniaque, n.m. and adj., simoniac; simoniacal.

simonie, n.f., simony.

simoun (-moon), n.m., simoom.

simple, adj., simple, single; only, only one, but one, bare, mere; common, private (of soldiers); plain, unadorned, simple-minded; silly. Des souliers à — semelle; single-soled shoes. Un — soldat; a common soldier, a private. Un homme —; an unpretending man. C’est tout —; (fam.) it is quite natural; it’s a matter of course; why, of course; why not.

simple, n.m., simple, medicinal plant; (mus.) simple air.

simplement, adv., simply, only, solely, merely, singly; plainly, without any ornament; artlessly; sillily. Tout —; merely, that’s all.

☉simplesse, n.f., simplicity, simpleness.

simplicité, n.f., simplicity, simpleness, artlessness, plainness; silliness.

simplification, n.f., simplification.

simplifier, v.a., to simplify.

simulacre, n.m., image, idol; phantom; shadow; appearance, feint, sham. Un — de combat; a sham fight.

simulation, n.f., (jur.) feigning, feint, simulation.

simulé, -e, adj., fictitious, feigned, false, pretended, counterfeit, sham.

simuler, v.a., to feign, to sham. — une attaque; to make a false attack.

simultané, -e, adj., simultaneous.

simultanéité, n.f., simultaneousness.

simultanément, adv., simultaneously.

sinapisé, -e, adj., (med.) infused with mustard.

sinapisme, n.m., sinapism, mustard-plaster.

sincère, adj., sincere, true, open-hearted, honest.

sincèrement (-sèr-mān), adv., sincerely, truly, plainly, ingenuously, honestly.

sincérité, n.f., sincerity, sincereness, open-heartedness, honesty.

sincipital, -e, adj., sincipital.

sinciput (-put), n.m., sinciput.

sindon, n.m., Christ’s shroud; (surg.) pledget.

sinécure, n.f., sinecure.

sinécuriste, n.m., sinecurist.

sine quâ non, adj.inv., sine quâ non, indispensable.

singe, n.m., ape, monkey, baboon; monkey (of pile-drivers); windlass; pantograph (copying-machine). Payer en monnaie de —; to jeer at a man instead of paying him, or to pay with promises.

singe, adj., (l.u.) apish.

singer, v.a., to ape, to mimic.

singerie (sin-jrî), n.f., apish trick, antic, grimace, trick; mimicry.

singe-ur, -resse, adj., that apes, apish.

singeur, n.m., ape (imitator).

singulariser, v.a., to singularize, to render singular, odd.

se singulariser, v.r., to render one’s self singular, odd; to affect singularity.

singularité, n.f., singularity; peculiarity; oddness.

singuli-er, -ère, adj., singular; peculiar; odd; single (combat). Combat —; single combat.

singulier, n.m., (gram.) singular.

singulièrement (-lièr-mān), adv., singularly, peculiarly, in a singular manner, oddly.

sinistre, adj., sinister, inauspicious; lurid, forbidding; dismal. Présage —; sinister foreboding. Augure —; unlucky omen.

sinistre, n.m., accident, disaster; casualty, loss, damage.

sinistrement, adv., sinisterly, inauspiciously, dismally.

sinologue (-log), n.m., sinologist, Chinese scholar.

sinombre, adj., (of a lamp) shadowless.

sinon, conj., otherwise, else, or else; except, save, if not, unless.

sinon que, conj., save that; except.

sinople, n.m., (her.) sinople, vert; (min.) a variety of quartz.

sinué, -e, adj., (bot.) sinuate.

sinueu-x, -se, adj., sinuous, winding, meandering.

sinuosité, n.f., sinuosity, winding, meandering.

sinus (-nus), n.m., (math.) sine; (anat.) sinus.

siphilis, n.f. V. syphilis.

siphilitique, adj. V. syphilitique.

siphon, n.m., siphon; water-spout (at sea).

sire, n.m., sire (title of kings and emperors); ☉sir (lord); (in fables) squire. Un pauvre —; a poor wretch, wight.

sirène, n.f., siren, mermaid, sea-maid.

sirius (-us), n.m., (astron.) Sirius.

siroco or ☉siroc, n.m., Sirocco.

sirop, n.m., syrup.

siroter, v.a., to sip. V. déguster.

siroter, v.n., to tipple.

siroteur, n.m., tippler.

sirsacas, n.m., Indian cotton-cloth.

sirtes, n.f.pl. V. syrtes.

sirupeu-x, -se, adj., syrupy.

sirvente, n.m., sirvente (war song).

sis, -e, adj., (jur.) seated, situate, situated.

sison, n.m., honeywort.

sistelle, n.f., (orni.) nut-hatch.

sistre, n.m., (antiq.) sistrum (Egyptian timbrel).

sisymbre, n.m., (bot.) sisymbrium.

sisyphe, n.m., Sisyphus, Le rocher de —; (fig.) long, profitless, and hard work.

site, n.m., site, landscape, scenery.

sitôt, adv., so soon, as soon. De —; for some time to come.

sitôt que, conj., as soon as.

situation, n.f., situation, site; state of affairs; position; predicament; (nav.) bearing of coasts; (com.) statement (of accounts). En —; in a conspicuous situation; in one’s proper place or character.

situé, -e, adj., situate, situated, lying.

situer, v.a., to place, to seat.

six, n.m. and adj., six, sixth; sixth day. [For the pronunciation of this word, V. dix.]

☉sixain, n.m. V. sizain.

sixième (si-zièm), n.m. and adj., sixth; sixth day (of a period); sixth form boy (in England); second form boy (in France); sixth class (at school).

sixième (si-zièm), n.f., six cards of the same suit (cards; piquet); sixth form (in England); second form (in France); highest class (in America).

sixièmement (si-zièm-mān), adv., sixthly.

sixte (sikst), n.f., (mus.) sixth. Le Pape — Quint; Pope Sixtus the fifth.

sizain, n.m., stanza of six lines; six packs of cards.

sizette, n.f., sizette (card game).

slave, n.m.f. and adj., Slav; Sclavonian, Sclavonic.

sloop or sloupe (sloop), n.m., (nav.) sloop.

smalah, n.f. (n.p.), smala (Arab chief’s camp).

smalt, n.m., smalt, blue glass.

smérinthe, n.m., (ent.) hawk-moth.

*smille, n.f., (mas.) scapple-ax.

*smiller, v.a., (mas.) to scapple.

sobre, adj., sober, sparing, temperate, abstemious.

sobrement, adv., soberly, moderately, temperately, sparingly, abstemiously.

sobriété, n.f., sobriety, soberness, temperance, moderation, abstemiousness.

sobriquet, n.m., nickname. Donner un — à; to nickname.

soc, n.m., plowshare.

sociabilité, n.f., sociability, sociableness, good fellowship, intercourse.

sociable, adj., sociable, social.

sociablement, adv., sociably, socially.

social, -e, adj., social; (com.) (name of) firm. Sous la raison —e; under the style, name (of).

socialement (-sial-mān), adv., socially, in a social manner.

socialisme, n.m., socialism.

socialiste, n.m.f., socialist.

sociétaire, n.m.f. and adj., associate, partner, shareholder; member of a society, of a company; foundation member.

société, n.f., society, community; company, partnership, club, class; social life. — de commerce; trading company. — anonyme; joint-stock company. — en commandite; limited liability company. Faire une — avec quelqu’un; to enter into partnership with any one. Être en —; (at cards) to be partners. Talents de —; accomplishments. Règle de —; (arith.) fellowship, rule of fellowship.

socinianisme, n.m., Socinianism.

socinien, -ne (ni-īn, -è-n), n. and adj., Socinian.

socle, n.m., (arch.) socle, pedestal, stand, base, plinth, socket. — continu; basement.

socque, n.m., clog, galoche, patten, overshoe.

socratique, adj., socratic.

sodium (-om), n.m., (chem.) sodium.

sodomie, n.f., sodomy.

sodomite, n.m., sodomite.

sœur (seur), n.f., sister; nun. —s germaines; sister of the whole blood. —s consanguines; sisters on the father’s side. —s utérines; sisters on the mother’s side. —s jumelles; twin sisters. — de lait; foster-sister. Demi—; step-sister. Belle-—; sister in law. Les neuf —s; the Muses, the sacred Nine. — laie, — converse; lay-sister. Communauté de —s; sisterhood.

sœurette, n.f., little sister, dear little sister.

sofa, n.m., sofa, ottoman.

soffite, n.m., (arch.) soffit.

sofi or soufi, n.m., (—s) sofi, dervis, dervise.

sofi or sophi, n.m., Sofi, Sophi (a title of the King of Persia).

soi, pron., one’s self, self, itself. Penser à —; to think of one’s self. Être à —; to be one’s own master.

soi-disant, adj., self-styled, would-be, pretended, so-called, supposed.

soie, n.f., silk; hair (of a few species of dogs); bristle (of hogs); tongue (of knives, swords); (vet.) V. seime. — de bourre; floss-silk. — crue, — grège; raw silk. — plate; floss-silk. Des jours filés d’or et de —; halcyon days. Peau de —; Japanese silk.

soierie (soa-rî), n.f., silk, silk-trade; silk-manufactory. pl., silks, silk goods. Marchand de —; silk-mercer. Maison de —; silk-house.

soif, n.f., thirst. Avoir —; to be thirsty, to thirst after. Avoir grand’ —; to be very thirsty. Mourir de —; to be almost dying with thirst. Etancher sa —; to quench one’s thirst. — des richesses; thirst for riches, greed. Garder une poire pour la —; to lay up something for a rainy day.

soigné, -e, adj., carefully done; highly finished, elaborate; nicely got up; sound, sharp.

*soigner, v.a., to take care of, to look after, to attend, to attend to, to mind, to nurse. — un malade; to nurse a sick person.

*se soigner, v.r., to take care of one’s self, to nurse one’s self.

*soigneusement (-eûz-mān), adv., carefully.

*soigneu-x, -se, adj., careful, regardful, solicitous; mindful.

soi-même, pron., one’s self; itself.

soi-mouvant, adj., (philos.) self-moving.

soin, n.m., care, attendance on. pl., attentions, solicitude; pains, trouble. Avoir — de quelque chose; to take care of anything. Je vous en laisse le —; I leave it to your care. Rendre des —s à quelqu’un; to be attentive to any one. Petits —s; little, or minute, attentions. Être aux petite —s avec quelqu’un; to be all attention to any one. Manque de —; carelessness. Avec —; carefully.

soir, n.m., evening, night. Du matin au —; from morning till, or to, night. Bon —; good evening. Hier —, hier au —; last evening, last night. Ce —; this evening, to-night. Sur le —; towards evening; at night-fall. Le — de la vie; the declining years.

soirée, n.f., evening (duration of the evening); evening party. Aller en —; to go out to a party, to go to an evening party. Passer la —; to spend the evening. Dans la —; during the evening.

soit, adv., be it so, let it be so, well and good, I grant it. Hé bien, —; well, be it so. Ainsi —-il; so be it. — dit; be it said.

soit, conj., either, whether, or. — l’un, — l’autre; either one or the other. — que; (with a verb) whether.

soixantaine (soa-sān-tĕ-n), n.f., about, or some, sixty; some sixty years of age.

soixante (soa-sānt), n.m. and adj., sixty. —-dix; seventy. —-douze; seventy-two.

soixanter (soa-sān-té), v.n., to reckon sixty (piquet).

soixantième (soa-sān-tièm), n.m. and adj., sixtieth.

sol, n.m., soil; ground; ground-plot; (mus.) G, sol; coin. ☉V. sou.

solaire, adj., solar. Cadran —; sun-dial.

solandre, n.f., (vet.) solanders, sallenders.

solanées, n.f.pl., (bot.) solanaceæ.

solanum (-nom), n.m., (bot.) solanum.

solbatu, -e, adj., (of horses) surbated.

solbature, n.f., (vet.) quitter, quitter-bone.

soldanelle, n.f., (bot.) soldanel; convolvulus soldanella.

soldat, n.m., soldier. pl., soldiery, rank and file. — de la milice; militiaman. Simple —; private soldier. — du train; army service corps man. Se faire —; to enlist.

soldatesque, n.f. and adj., soldier-like, soldierly, soldiery.

solde, n.f., (milit.) pay. Demi-—; half-pay.

solde, n.m., (com.) seulement; clearance sale, clearance, balance. Pour — de tout compte; in full of all demands.

solder, v.a., to pay, to settle, to discharge; to keep in pay; to liquidate; to sell off, to clear off. — un compte; to settle an account. — des troupes; to pay troops.

sole, n.f., sole (of animals); (agri.) brake; (ich.) sole; (arch.) sleeper. — battue; (vet.) quitter, quitter-bone.

soléaire, adj., (anat.) solear.

solécisme, n.m., solecism.

*soleil, n.m., sun; sunshine; star; sunflower; (c.rel.) monstrance; sun-fish; (print.) squabble; (fireworks) catherine wheel. — couchant; sun-set. Se chauffer au —; to bask in the sun. Le — luit pour tout le monde; the sun shines upon all alike. Il fait du —; the sun is shining. Coup de —; sunstroke. Le — se couche; the sun is setting, is going down. Il fait un beau —; it is beautiful sunshine. Au —; in the sun. Au grand —; at midday; in bright sunshine.

soleillé, -e, adj. V. ensoleillé.

solen (-lè-n), n.m., (conch., surg.) solen.

solénite, n.f., (fos.) solenite.

solennel, -le (so-la-nèl), adj., solemn, awful.

solennellement (-la-nel-mān), adv., solemnly.

solennisation (-la-ni-) n.f., solemnization.

solenniser (-la-ni), v.a., to solemnize.

solennité (-la-ni-), n.f., solemnity, solemnness, solemn occasion.

solfatare, n.f., (geol.) solfatara.

solfège, n.m., (mus.) solfeggio.

solfier, v.a., (mus.) to sol-fa.

solidaire, adj., conjointly liable; jointly and separately liable; solidary; conjointly answerable.

solidairement (-dèr-mān), adv., conjointly; jointly and severally.

solidarité, n.f., solidarity, joint liability; joint and separate liability, joint interest, fellowship, brotherhood.

solide, adj., solid, strong, firm; steadfast, stable, fast, substantial, sound, real; solvent. Un jugement —; a sound judgment.

solide, n.m., solid; solid body; solid figure; reality. Viser au —; to have an eye to the main chance.

solidement (-lid-mān), adv., solidly, substantially; firmly; soundly.

solidification, n.f., solidification.

solidifier, v.a., to solidify, to concrete.

se solidifier, v.r., to solidify, to become solid; to acquire solidity.

solidité, n.f., solidity, strength; steadfastness, stability, firmness, soundness.

soliloque, n.m., soliloquy.

soliloquer, v.n., to soliloquize.

solin, n.m., (arch.) space between two joists or rafters.

solipède, n.m. and adj., soliped; solipedous.

soliste, n.m., solo singer, solo player, soloist.

solitaire, adj., solitary, lonely, desert, single.

solitaire, n.m., hermit, recluse, solitary individual; brilliant (diamond).

solitairement (-tèr-mān), adv., solitarily.

solitude, n.f., solitude, loneliness, wilderness, desert.

solive, n.f., joist, rafter.

soliveau, n.m., small joist.

☉sollicitable, adj., that may be solicited.

sollicitation (sol-li-), n.f., solicitation; entreaty; application; instigation; canvassing.

solliciter (sol-li-), v.a., to solicit; to apply for; to incite, to urge; to entreat, to incite; to induce; to canvass.

solliciter, v.a., to solicit, to petition.

solliciteu-r, n.m., -se (sol-li-), n.f., solicitor, solicitress, petitioner, canvasser.

sollicitude (sol-li-), n.f., solicitude, care, anxiety. Avoir de la — pour; to be solicitous (for), anxious (about).

solo, n.m., (—) (mus.) solo.

solstice, n.m., solstice. — d’été; summer solstice.

solsticial, -e, adj., solstitial.

solubilité, n.f., solubility.

soluble, adj., solvable; soluble, dissolvable.

solution, n.f., solution; break; dissolution; (math.) solution; resolution; (jur.) discharge.

solvabilité, n.f., solvency.

solvable, adj., solvent.

somatologie, n.f., somatology.

sombrage, n.m., (agri.) first dressing.

sombre, adj., dark, somber, dull, dim, dingy, lurid; gloomy; overcast; melancholy, sad, sullen. Temps —; gloomy weather. Lumière —; dull, or dim, light. Couleurs —s; somber colors.

sombrer, v.n., (nav.) to founder, to go down; (agri.) to give a first dressing to.

sombrero, n.m., sombrero, broad-brimmed hat.

sommaire, n.m. and adj., summary, compendium, abridgment, abstract; summary, compendious.

sommairement (-mèr-mān), adv., summarily, briefly, succinctly.

sommation, n.f., summons, notice; (jur.) process, summons; (math.) summation. Signifier une — à quelqu’un; to serve a summons on any one. Faire les trois —s; to read the Riot Act.

somme, n.f., burden; sum (quantity); amount; (math.) sum; (lit.) summary, compendium. Bête de —; beast of burden. — totale; sum-total. — toute, en —; finally, in short. Une — de; a stated sum.

somme, n.m., nap (sleep). Faire un —; to have a nap, to have forty winks. Ne faire qu’un —; never to wake all night, to sleep the night through.

*sommeil, n.m., sleep. Avoir —; to be sleepy. J’ai bien —; I am very sleepy. Profond —; deep sleep. Cela porte au —; that induces sleep. — agité; restless sleep. Dormir d’un profond —; to sleep soundly. Accablé de —; dreadfully sleepy. Tomber de —, n’en pouvoir plus de —; to be overcome with sleep. Il n’en peut plus de —; he is quite worn out for want of sleep. Le — me gagne; I am getting sleepy. Avoir le — léger; to be a light sleeper.

*sommeiller, v.n., to slumber, to doze.

sommeli-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., butler, cellarman.

sommellerie (so-mèl-rî), n.f., butler’s place; pantry, buttery.

sommer, v.a., to summon, to call upon, to charge, to challenge; (math.) to sum up, to cast up. — quelqu’un de sa parole; to call upon any one to fulfill his promise. — une place de se rendre; (milit.) to summon a fortress to surrender.

sommet, n.m., top, apex, summit; pinnacle; acme, zenith; crown, top (of the head); (bot.) vertex; (arch.) crown; (geom.) apex, vertex.

sommier, n.m., pack-horse; hair-mattress; wind-chest (of an organ); wrest plank, sound-board (of pianos); (arch.) breastsummer; summer; register-book; (print.) winter. — élastique; spring mattress.

sommité (som-mi-), n.f., summit, top, apex; head, eminent man; principal, or chief, point. Une des —s; (fig.) one of the distinguished men.

somnambule (som-nān-), n.m.f. and adj., somnambulist.

somnambulisme, n.m., somnambulism.

somnifère (som-ni-), n.m. and adj., (med.) narcotic; somniferous.

somnolence (som-no-), n.f., somnolence, somnolency.

somnolent, -e, adj., (med.) somnolent, sleepy, drowsy.

somptuaire, adj., sumptuary.

somptueusement (-eûz-mān), adv., sumptuously, splendidly.

somptueu-x, -se, adj., sumptuous, gorgeous, splendid.

somptuosité, n.f., sumptuousness, splendor.

son, n.m., bran; (phys.) sound; freckle. Tache de —; freckle. — aigu; shrill sound. — de cloches; ringing of bells. — du tambour; beat of the drum, sound of the drum.

son, sa, ses, adj., his, her, its, one’s. Son frère, sa sœur et ses enfants; his brother, sister, and children. Son âme; his, her, soul. [Son is used for the fem. instead of sa when the word following begins with a vowel or a silent h.]

sonate, n.f., (mus.) sonata.

sondage, n.m., sounding; (mining) boring.

sonde, n.f., plummet, fathom-line; (nav.) sounding-line, sounding-lead; (surg.) probe; (manu.) proof-stick; (mining) bore. pl., (nav.) soundings. Jeter la —; (nav.) to heave the lead, to sound. Plomb de —; sounding lead.

sonder, v.a., to sound, to fathom; to ullage, to taste; to scrutinize, to examine thoroughly, to investigate, to explore; to probe, to search. — le terrain; (mining) to bore; (fig.) to see how matters stand. — le gué; to sound the ford; (fig.) to reconnoiter; to see how matters stand. — la côte; to ascertain the depth, or to take soundings (along the coast). — une plaie; to probe a wound. — un fromage; to pierce a cheese. — quelqu’un; to sound, to pump, any one.

sonder, v.n., (nav.) to heave the lead, to sound, to take soundings.

sondeur, n.m., (nav.) leadsman; (min.) borer.

songe, n.m., dream, dreaming. Faire un —; to have a dream. Voir en —; to see in a dream, to dream. Mal d’autres n’est que —; other people’s woes do not affect us much.

songe-creux, n.m., (—) dreamer, visionary.

☉songe-malice, n.m., (—, or —-—s) mischief-maker.

songer, v.n., to dream, to muse; to think, to reflect, to mean; to intend, to devise, to purpose, to propose, to consider, to cast about (for); to aim (at). — profondément; to think deeply. — à quelque chose; to think of anything (suddenly). Songez à ce que vous faites; mind what you are about. Sans y —; unawares, unthinkingly. Il songe a se marier; he is thinking of marrying, or he contemplates marriage. Songez-y, songez-y bien; mind what you are about; beware. Maintenant que j’y songe; now that I think of it; now that I remember.

songer, v.a., to dream (in one’s sleep); to dream, to imagine, to think of. — une comédie; to think of a comedy, to imagine a comedy. Ne — que bals, que fêtes; to think of nothing but balls, parties.

songerie, n.f., dreaming, musing, idle dream.

songeur, n. and adj. m., (l.u.) dreamer; thoughtful, dreamy.

☉sonica, adv., in the nick of time, just in time. On allait partir sans lui, il est arrivé —; they were going to set out without him, when he arrived just in the nick of time. Il a gagné —; (basset) he has won just in the nick of time.

*sonnaille, n.f., bell (attached to the neck of cattle).

*sonnailler, v.n., (fam.) to ring often; to keep ringing.

*sonnailler, n.m., bell-wether (of sheep).

sonnant, -e, adj., sounding, that has a clear sound; sonorous. Espèces —es; hard cash, money down, ready money. À sept heures —es; just as the clock was striking seven.

sonner, v.n., to sound, to emit a sound; to chink, to ring; to strike (of clocks); to toll; to ring the bell. Faites — cet écu; ring that crown-piece. — de la trompette; to sound the trumpet. — du cor; to blow the French horn. Voilà midi qui sonne; the clock is striking twelve, it is striking twelve. On sonne; there is a ring at the door, or the bell is ringing.

sonner, v.a., to sound, to ring; to toll; to strike (of watches, clocks); to wind (of instruments); (milit.) to sound. — les cloches; to ring the bells. — le dîner; to ring for dinner. — ses gens; to ring for the servants. — le boute-selle; (milit.) to sound to horse. Ne — mot; not to say a word, not to let the least hint drop. — la messe; to ring the bells for mass. Il a vingt ans bien sonnés; he is well over twenty. Il est trois heures sonnées; the clock has struck three, or it is past three o’clock.

sonnerie (so-n-rî), n.f., ring of bells; bells; (horl.) striking part, clock-work; airs, flourishes; (milit.) sound of the trumpet. Pendule à —; striking clock.

sonnet, n.m., sonnet.

sonnette, n.f., little bell; house-bell, hand-bell, rattle; (tech.) pile-driver; engraver’s mallet. Cordon de —; bell-pull. Agiter la —, tirer la —; to ring, to ring the bell, to pull the bell.

sonneur, n.m., bell-ringer, blower.

sonnez (-né), n.m., two sixes (backgammon).

sonomètre, n.m., sonometer.

sonore, adj., sonorous, clear, deep-toned. Voix —; sonorous voice.

sonorité, n.f., sonorousness.

sopeur, n.f., sopor, n.m., (med.) deep, comatose sleep.

sopha, n.m. V. sofa.

sophi, n.m. V. sofi.

sophisme, n.m., sophism, fallacy. pl., sophistry.

sophiste, n.m., sophist.

sophistication, n.f., sophistication; adulteration.

sophistique, adj., sophistic, sophistical. n.f., sophistry.

sophistiquer, v.a., to sophisticate, to adulterate.

sophistiquer, v.n., to subtilize.

sophistiquerie (-ti-krî), n.f., sophistry, sophistication, adulteration.

sophistiqueur, n.m., subtilizer, sophisticator, adulterator.

sophore, n.m., (bot.) sophora.

soporati-f, -ve, adj., soporiferous, soporific.

soporeu-x, -se, adj., (med.) soporous.

soporifère or soporifique, n.m. and adj., soporific; soporiferous.

soprano, n.m., (mus.) soprano, treble (voice).

sor. V. saure.

sorbe, n.f., (bot.) sorb.

sorbet, n.m., sherbet.

sorbétière, n.f., ice-pail.

sorbier, n.m., (bot.) sorb. — domestique; service, service-tree. — sauvage, — des oiseaux; quick-beam, quick-beam tree, roan-tree, mountain ash, quicken, quicken-tree.

sorboniste, n.m., Sorbonist.

sorbonne, n.f., Sorbonne (seat of the university of Paris).

sorcellerie (-sèl-rî), n.f., sorcery, witchcraft, witchery, enchantment.

sorcier, n.m., sorcerer, wizard; conjurer, magician, enchanter. Il n’est pas grand —; he is no conjurer.

sorcière, n.f., sorceress, witch, enchantress. Vieille —; old hag. Sabbat des —s; witches’ Sabbath.

sordide, adj., sordid, dirty, filthy, mean, covetous, niggardly. — avarice; base avarice.

sordidement (-did-mān), adv., sordidly, meanly, niggardly, stingily.

sordidité, n.f., sordidness, meanness.

soret. V. sauret.

sorgho, n.m., (bot.) sorghum, sorgo.

sorite, n.m., (log.) sorites.

sorne, n.f., scum, slag, dross.

sornette, n.f., idle talk, idle story, small talk, stuff. Conter des —s; to talk nonsense, or to say sweet nothings to.

sororal, -e, or sororial, -e, adj., of a sister, sisterly, of sisters.

sort, n.m., fate, destiny, lot; fortune; position, condition; existence; spell, charm. Le — des armes; the fate of arms, the chances of war. Au —; by lot. Tirage au —; drawing by lots. Tirer au —; to cast lots, to draw lots. Tomber au —; to draw a bad number (at conscriptions). Le — en est jeté; the die is cast. Jeter un — à quelqu’un; to throw a spell over any one. Jeter un — sur quelque chose; to throw a spell over anything. Être son —; to be one’s lot, to fall to one’s lot. Faire un — à quelqu’un; to procure any one an existence; to provide for any one.

sortable, adj., suitable.

sortablement, adv., suitably.

sortant, n.m., person going out; person leaving office, a dignity, a place. Les entrants et les —s; the incomers and outgoers.

sortant, -e, adj., outgoing, leaving office; drawn, coming out (of numbers in lotteries).

sorte, n.f., sort, kind, species; manner, way. Parler de la bonne — à quelqu’un; to rate any one soundly; (fam.) to give it him. En aucune —; in no wise. De telle —; to such a degree, in such a way. De quelque — que ce soit; in any way whatever. De la —; thus, so, in that manner, in that way. De — que, en — que; so that. De toute —, de toutes —s; of every kind, of all kinds. Faire en — que; to manage so that; to see that; to contrive that.

sorteu-r, -se, n.m.f., much out, fond of going out. C’est un grand —; he is always out, always gadding about.

sortie (-tî), n.f., going out, coming out, departure, leaving; egress, outlet, issue, exit, way out, escape; holiday; outburst, attack, abuse; tirade; (customs) exportation; (thea.) exit; (milit.) sally, sortie; low cards (at cards). À la — du dîner; on leaving the dinner-table, or at the end of the dinner. Droit de —; export duty. — de bal; opera cloak. Faire une — à quelqu’un; to blow any one up. Faire une —; (milit.) to make a sally. Faire une — contre; to launch out against. Jour de —; holiday. Fausse —; (thea.) wrong exit.

sortilège, n.m., sorcery, witchcraft, spell.

sortir (sortant, sorti), v.n. (irregular), to go out, to go forth, to come, to come out, to come forth, to emerge, to proceed, to issue; to get out, to come off; to rise; to depart, to swerve, to deviate; to proceed; to result; to ensue; to wander (from a subject); to start (of the eyes); to spring up, to come up; to peep out, to shoot out (milit.); to sally forth, to sally out; to steam out (of ships); (thea.) to exit, to make one’s exit; to spring, to be born; to run off (locomotives); (paint.) to project, to stand out; to be in relief. — de la chambre; to go out of the room. Il est sorti; he has gone out. Il vient de —; il ne fait que de —; he has just gone out. Il est sorti ce matin; he went out this morning. Il ne fait qu’entrer et —; he does nothing but go in and out. La rivière est sortie de son lit; the river has overflowed its banks. Faire — un homme de prison; to get a man out of prison. — du port; to leave, to steam out of, the harbor. — de maladie; to (just) recover from illness. — de table; to rise from table. — de son devoir; to deviate from one’s duty. — des bornes de la bienséance; to overstep the rules of decency. — de l’enfance; to be no longer a child. — de cadence; (mus.) to be out of time. Les yeux lui sortent de la tête; his eyes are starting out of his head. Faire —; to make go out; to drive out; to call forth; to elicit, to bring to light.

sortir, v.a. (irregular), to get out, to bring out, to take out, to carry out; to extricate. Sortez ce cheval; bring out that horse. — des fleurs; to put flowers out in the open air. — un enfant; to take a child out.

sortir, v.a. (regular), (jur.) to obtain, to have.

sortir, n.m., going out, leaving, quitting, coming out, rising. Au — du lit; on getting out of bed. Au — de sa lecture; (Ste. Beuve) when we close his book.

sosie, n.m., second self, counterpart, twin, like.

sot, -te, n. and adj., fool, blockhead; stupid, silly, foolish, senseless, sheepish. — animal; (triv.) foolish creature. Le voilà bien —; he looks rather sheepish now. Il est resté —; he looked somewhat foolish. À —te demande point de réponse; a silly question needs no answer or answer a fool according to his folly. C’est un — en trois lettres; he is a downright fool. Quelque — le ferait; one would be a fool to do that.

sotie, n.f., sotie (kind of 14th century play in which political satire predominated).

sot-l’y-laisse, n.m., (—) pope’s nose (of poultry).

sotnia, n.f., sotnia (company of Russian horse).

sottement (sot-mān), adv., sillily, foolishly, senselessly.

sottise, n.f., silliness, folly; silly thing, foolish trick, nonsense, foolishness; indecency; insult. pl., abuse, abusive language. Dire des —s à quelqu’un; to abuse any one, to call any one names.

sottisier, n.m., (fam.) collection of indecent tales or songs; ribald person.

sou, n.m., sou, copper; cent. Gros —; penny-piece, copper. Petit —; cent, small copper. N’avoir pas le —, n’avoir pas un —; to be penniless, not to be worth a farthing, not to be worth a groat. Sans le —; penniless. Une affaire de deux —s; a two-cent business, or trumpery affair. Comme quatre —s; (fam.) wretchedly, shabbily, paltrily.

soubarbe, n.f. V. sous-barbe.

soubassement (-bâs-mān), n.m., dado, bed-valance; (arch.) basement, sub-basement. — d’une colonne; (arch.) pattern of a column.

soubise, n.f., onion-sauce.

soubresaut, n.m., sudden leap or start; jolt; plunge (of a horse); (med.) subsultus.

soubresauter, v.n., to start, to jump, to jolt, to plunge.

soubrette, n.f., (thea.) waiting-woman, abigail, lady’s maid.

soubreveste, n.f., sleeveless upper coat.

soubuse, n.f., (orni.) hen harrier.

souche, n.f., stump, stock, stub, stem (of trees); block; blockhead; head, founder (genealogy); chimney-neck, chimney-shaft, chimney-stalk; (bot.) subterranean stock; counterfoil (of passports, etc.); voucher, counterfoil (of checks, receipts, etc.); tally. C’est une vraie —; he is a regular blockhead. Faire —; to be the first of a branch, to found a family. — de cheminée; chimney-stock. — d’enclume; anvil-block.

souchet, n.m., (bot.) galingale; (mas.) ragstone; (orni.) shoveler, shoveler-duck.

souchetage (soosh-taj), n.m., counting stumps (of felled timber).

soucheteur (soosh-teur), n.m., surveyor of stocks, stubs, in a forest.

souci, n.m., anxious care, anxiety; (bot.) marigold; (orni.) golden-crested wren. Sans —; free from care. Avoir —; to take care. Avoir des —s; to have cares. Être dévoré de —; to be careworn. C’est le moindre, or le cadet, de mes —s; I don’t care a rap about it, or it doesn’t trouble me in the least. — d’eau, — des marais; (bot.) marsh-marigold. — des champs; (bot.) wild marigold; cow-marigold. — figue; (bot.) fig-marigold.

se soucier, v.r., to care, to mind, to be concerned, to concern one’s self, to be anxious, to be uneasy; to like, to want. Il ne s’en soucie guère; he cares little for, or about, it. Il ne se soucie de rien; he cares for nothing. Je ne m’en soucie plus; I have no further wish for it. S’en — comme de l’an quarante; not to care a rush, or a rap.

soucieu-x, -se, adj., anxious, full of care, careworn, pensive, thoughtful.

soucoupe, n.f., saucer; salver.

soudable, adj., that can be soldered.

soudage, n.m., soldering, welding.

soudain, -e, adj., sudden, unexpected, unlooked-for.

soudain, adv., suddenly, on a sudden, all of a sudden.

soudainement (-dè-n-mān), adv., suddenly, on a sudden, all of a sudden.

soudaineté (-dè-n-té), n.f., suddenness, unexpectedness.

soudan, n.m., (—s) sultan.

soudard or soudart, n.m., (fam.) trooper, veteran soldier.

soude, n.f., (min.) soda; (bot.) glasswort.

souder, v.a., to solder, to weld; (fig.) to unite, to join.

se souder, v.r., to be soldered or welded; to unite, to consolidate.

soudiviser, v.a. V. subdiviser.

soudoir, n.m., soldering-iron.

soudoyer, v.a., to hire, to pay troops; to keep in pay.

soudrille, n.m., (fam.) lewd, thievish soldier.

soudure, n.f., solder; soldering, welding.

soufflage, n.m., glass-blowing; blowing; (nav.) sheathing.

soufflant, -e, adj., blowing.

souffle, n.m., breath, breathing; puff (of wind); (fig.) inspiration, influence, breath.

soufflement, n.m., blowing.

souffler, v.n., to blow; to breathe, to pant, to puff; to swell; to complain; to seek the philosopher’s stone. — aux oreilles de quelqu’un; to whisper in any one’s ear. — dans ses doigts; to blow upon one’s fingers. Il n’oserait —; he dares not complain.

souffler, v.a., to blow, to blow out; to breathe, to breathe out; to inflate; to whisper; to huff (at draughts); (nav.) to sheathe; to prompt. — le feu; to blow the fire. — le chaud et le froid; to blow hot and cold. — un comédien; to prompt a player. — l’orgue; to blow an organ. — à quelqu’un un emploi; to rob any one of a situation (by forestalling him). — un vaisseau; to sheath a ship. — les canons; (artil.) to scale the guns. Ne pas — mot; not to say a word, or not to open one’s mouth.

se souffler, v.r., to be blown.

soufflerie, n.f., bellows (of an organ); blast-apparatus; ☉alchemy.

soufflet, n.m., bellows, pair of bellows; head or hood (of a carnage); box on the ear, slap in the face; affront, mortification; humiliation. Donner un — à Vaugelas; to murder the Queen’s English.

souffletade, n.f., (l.u.) slapping (in the face).

souffleter, v.a., to slap in the face, to box the ears of; (fig.) to strike, to insult, to buffet.

☉souffleteur, n.m., striker, slapper.

souffletier, n.m., bellows-maker.

souffleur, n.m., (zoöl.) a species of dolphin. Les —s; cetaceans.

souffleu-r, -se, n. and adj., blower, organ-blower; panter; (thea.) prompter; glass-blower; alchemist; panting (of horses). — d’orgue; organ-blower. Cheval —; panting horse; roarer.

soufflure, n.f., (metal.) flaw; seedy glass.

souffrable, adj., (l.u.) sufferable, tolerable.

souffrance, n.f., suffering, pain, suspense, sufferance; endurance; (jur.) sufferance, toleration. En —; suspended; (com.) standing over; (of bills) dishonored. Jour de —; borrowed light.

souffrant, -e, adj., suffering, in pain; patient; enduring; unwell, poorly, ailing.

souffre-douleur, n.m., (—) drudge; fag; butt, laughing-stock.

souffreteu-x, -se, adj., miserable, unwell, poorly, sickly, weakly, puny.

souffrir (souffrant, souffert), v.a., to suffer, to bear, to endure, to abide; to undergo, to sustain, to stand; to tolerate; to permit, to let, to allow, to put up with; to admit of. — la douleur; to endure pain. — la fatigue; to bear fatigue. — un assaut; to stand an assault. — un affront; to put up with an affront. Je ne saurais — cet homme-là; I cannot endure that man. Il souffre tout à ses enfants; he is too indulgent to his children. Pourquoi souffrez-vous cela? why do you put up with that? Cela ne souffre point de retardement; that admits of no delay. Faire —; to pain, to grieve, to torture.

souffrir, v.n., to suffer, to suffer pain, to be in pain; to be pained; to be a sufferer; to be injured. — de la tête; to feel a pain in one’s head. Se —; to endure each other; to be tolerated; to be suffered (of things).

soufi, n.m. V. sofi.

soufrage, n.m., sulphuring; smoking with brimstone.

soufre, n.m., sulphur, brimstone. Fleur de —; flour of brimstone.

soufrer, v.a., to dip in brimstone, to sulphur.

soufrière, n.f., sulphur-mine.

soufroir, n.m., sulphuring-stove.

sougarde, n.f. V. sous-garde.

sougorge, n.f. V. sous-gorge.

souhait, n.m., wish, desire. À —; to one’s heart’s content, according to one’s desire, as one would have it. Avoir tout à —; to have everything to one’s liking. À vos —s; (fam.) God bless you! (after sneezing).

souhaitable, adj., desirable, to be wished for.

souhaiter, v.a., to wish, to wish for, to long for. Je vous souhaite le bonjour; I wish you good morning. Il serait à — que, etc.; it is desirable that, etc. Que souhaitez-vous? what do you wish for? Je vous en souhaite, je t’en souhaite; I wish you may get it. — la bonne année à quelqu’un; to wish any one a happy New Year.

se souhaiter, v.r., to wish one’s self, or each other.

souï, n.m., soy (sauce).

*souille, n.f., (hunt.) wallowing place (of wild boars); bed (impression made by the bottom of a ship on the mud).

*souiller, v.a., to soil, to dirty, to stain, to blemish, to sully, to defile, to pollute, to contaminate.

se souiller, v.r., to soil, to get dirty; to sully, to tarnish.

*souillon, n.m.f., scullion; sloven, slut, slattern, trollop.

*souillure, n.f., dirt, spot of dirt; spot, stain; blot, impurity; contamination, pollution, defilement.

soûl, -e (soo, -l), adj., glutted; surfeited, drunk, tipsy; cloyed, satiated, heartily sick of. — comme une grive; as drunk as a lord. Il est — de musique; he is surfeited with music. A merle — cerises sont amères; plenty makes dainty. Tout son —; to one’s heart’s content.

soûl (soo), n.m., one’s fill, one’s bellyful. Boire et manger son —; to eat and drink one’s fill.

soulageant, -e (-jān, -t), adj., easing; comforting; relieving.

soulagement (-la-jmān), n.m., relief, ease, comfort, alleviation, assuagement; solace, help. Cela me donne du —; that relieves me. C’est un — à ses peines; it is an alleviation of his troubles.

soulager, v.a., to relieve, to ease, to lighten; to alleviate, to allay, to assist, to comfort; to assist, to help.

se soulager, v.r., to relieve one’s self, or each other.

soûlaison, n.m., (fam.) drunkenness; drinking bout, boozing.

soûlard, n.m., -e, n.f., (pop.) drunkard.

☉soûlaud, n.m., -e, n.f., (pop.) drunkard.

soûler, v.a., to fill, to glut, to satiate, to surfeit; to intoxicate, to make drunk.

se soûler, v.r., to glut one’s self, to satiate one’s self; to get intoxicated; to riot, to get drunk.

souleur, n.f., (fam.) fright, shock.

soulèvement (-lèv-mān), n.m., heaving, rising (of the stomach); swelling, upheaving (of the waves); insurrection, revolt; indignation.

soulever (sool-vé), v.a., to raise; to lift, to heave up, to take up; to lift up; to excite, to stir up; to urge to insurrection; to excite to action; to raise the indignation of; to make indignant; to moot, or raise (question).

se soulever (sool-), v.r., to raise one’s self, to rise; to swell; to be urged to action; to be urged to indignation, to be indignant; to rise to revolt, to rise in insurrection, in arms.

soulever (sool-), v.n., to rise, turn (of the stomach). Le cœur me soulève à la pensée de; my stomach rises at the thought of.

soulier, n.m., shoe. —s ferrés; hobnailed shoes. Être dans ses petits —s; to be in an awkward situation, to be uneasy in one’s mind; to be on pins and needles.

soulier-botte, n.m., (—s-—s) Blucher boot.

*soulignement, n.m., underlining.

*souligner, v.a., to underline.

☉souloir, v.n., to be wont, to use.

soulte or soute, n.f., (jur. com.) balance; premium, settlement.

soumettre, v.a., to subdue, to submit, to bring under subjection, to subject; to overcome; to subjugate; to subordinate, to refer. — un pays; to subdue a country.

se soumettre, v.r., to submit, to yield, to be submissive, to give way; to succumb, to assent (to); to comply (with). Il faut se — ou se démettre; one must knuckle under or clear out, submit or resign.

soumission, n.f., submission, submissiveness, subjection, compliance, obedience, mark of respect; tender for a contract; contract; deed of contract; (jur.) bond; subscription. —s cachetées; sealed tenders.

soumissionnaire, n.m.f., tendering party.

soumissionner, v.a., to make a tender for or to tender for.

soupape, n.f., plug, valve. — dormante; fixed valve. — à clapet; clack-valve. — à gorge; throttle valve. — de sûreté; safety-valve. À —; with a valve.

soupatoire, adj., (fam.) of supper, serving as a supper. Dîner —; dinner-supper.

soupçon, n.m., suspicion; surmise, conjecture, taste, smack, dash, jot, bit, trifle; touch. Un — d’ail; just a taste of garlic. Un —, s’il vous plaît; the smallest of pieces, please!

soupçonnable, adj., suspectable, liable to be suspected.

soupçonner, v.a., to suspect, to surmise.

se soupçonner, v.r., to suspect one another; to be suspected.

soupçonneu-r, -se, n.m.f., suspecter.

soupçonneu-x, -se, adj., suspicious.

soupe, n.f., soup, slice of bread for soup, sippet, sop; (fam.) dinner. — à perroquet; bread steeped in wine. — au lait; milk-porridge. Ivre comme une —; as drunk as a lord, or as tight as a drum. Trempé comme une —; drenched or wet to the skin. Tremper la —; to soak the bread in the soup. Tailler la —; to cut bread for the soup. — grasse; meat soup. — maigre; vegetable soup. S’emporter comme une — au lait; to be of a very hasty temper; to fly into a passion (without any warning). Manger la — avec quelqu’un; (fam.) to come and dine with any one or to come and have pot-luck with any one.

soupente, n.f., loft, garret; brace (of a coach); strap (of a horse).

souper, v.n., to sup, to take supper. À —; to sup; one’s supper.

souper or soupé, n.m., supper.

soupeser, v.a., to weigh, to lift, to try the weight of.

soupette, n.f., thin slice of bread, sippet.

soupeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., supper, eater; gay man or woman.

soupied, n.m. V. sous-pied.

soupière, n.f., tureen, soup-tureen.

soupir, n.m., sigh, breath; breathing; gasp; (fig.) wish, longing; (mus.) crotchet-rest. pl., sighing. Pousser des —s; to heave sighs. Rendre le dernier —; to breathe one’s last.

*soupirail, n.m., air-hole, vent-hole.

soupirant, n.m., wooer, lover.

soupirer, v.n., to sigh; to gasp; to long. — de douleur; to sigh for grief. — après une chose; to long for a thing.

soupirer, v.a., to breathe, to breathe forth, to sigh.

soupireur, n.m., (fam.) sigher.

souple, adj., supple, pliant, flexible, yielding, tractable, docile, compliant. Un esprit —; a compliant temper.

souplement, adv., pliantly, flexibly, compliantly.

souplesse, n.f., suppleness, pliancy, flexibility, facility, compliance, versatility. La — de l’osier; the flexibility of the osier. Tours de —; cunning tricks. Sa voix a de la —; there is a marked flexibility in his voice.

*souquenille, n.f., smock-frock; gabardine.

source, n.f., source, spring, fountain, fountain-head; well-spring, rise. — d’eau; spring. Eau de —; spring water. Prendre sa —; to take its rise (of a river). Avoir sa — dans; (fig.) to have its rise in, to proceed from. Couler de —; to flow naturally; to come from the heart.

sourcier, n.m., bletonist, spring-finder.

sourcil, (-ci), n.m., eye-brow, brow. Froncer le —; to knit one’s brow.

sourcili-er, -ère, adj., (anat.) superciliary.

*sourciller, v.n., to knit one’s brows; to frown; to wince, to flinch; (of water) to spring, to gush out. Sans —; without moving a muscle or without wincing.

*sourcilleu-x, -se, adj., haughty, proud; supercilious, cloud-topped, towering, steep; uneasy; melancholy. Montagnes —ses; lofty mountains.

sourd, -e, adj., deaf; dull, hollow, muffled (of sound); insensible, dead; (math.) ☉surd; secret, underhand; rumbling. Voix —e; hollow voice. — comme un pot; as deaf as a post. Il court un bruit —; it is whispered about. Lanterne —e; dark lantern. Lime —e; dead file. Douleur —e; dull pain. Menées —es; underhand dealings. Faire la —e oreille; to turn a deaf ear.

sourd, n.m., -e, n.f., deaf person; (zoöl.) salamander (local ex.). Frapper comme un —; to strike hard. Faire le —; to sham deafness. Il n’est pire — que celui qui ne veut pas entendre; none so deaf as those who won’t hear. — et muet; deaf and dumb.

sourdaud, n.m., person hard of hearing.

sourdeline, n.f., Italian bag-pipe.

sourdement, adv., indistinctly; with a hollow voice; dully, rumblingly; (of sound) with a dull rumbling noise; secretly; in an underhand manner. Brûler —; to smoulder.

sourdine, n.f., sordet, sordine (of a trumpet); damper (piano). À la —; secretly, on the sly.

sourd-muet, n.m., (—-—s), sourde-muette, n.f., (—s-—s) deaf and dumb person.

sourdon, n.m., (conch.) cockle.

sourdre, v.n., to spring, to issue, to gush out, to arise, to well; (nav.) (of a cloud) to rise.

souriant, adj., smiling.

souriceau, n.m., little mouse.

souricier, n.m., mouser.

souricière, n.f., mouse-trap.

souriquois, -e, adj., (jest.) of mice. La gent —e; the mouse tribe, the murine race.

sourire, v.n., to smile; to countenance; to be agreeable, to delight, to please (of a thing); to favor; to tempt, to suit. — à quelqu’un; to smile upon any one.

sourire or souris, n.m., smile. — moqueur; a sneer, scornful smile.

souris, n.f., mouse; mouse-color; venison-bit, knuckle (of a leg of mutton); (milit.) saucisse, saucisson (to fire a mine); (vet.) nasal cartilage (of the horse). Pas de —; (fort.) flight of steps leading to the moat. Chauve-—, (—s-—) bat. — qui n’a qu’un trou est bientôt prise; it is well to have more than one string to one’s bow; on entendrait trotter une —; you could hear a pin drop.

souris, adj. invariable, mouse-colored. Cheval —; mouse-colored horse.

sournois, -e, n. and adj., dissembler, artful person, sly fox, sly boots; dissembled, artful, cunning, sly, deep, crafty.

sournoisement, adv., slyly, cunningly, on the sly.

sournoiserie, n.f., slyness, artfulness, cunning, sly trick.

sous, prep., under, beneath; upon; with; in; by; sub; deputy. — le lit; under the bed. — terre; underground. Affirmer — serment; to swear upon oath. — silence; in silence. — la main; close at hand. — presse; in the press. — peu de jours; in a few days. — peu de temps; in a short time. Regarder quelqu’un — le nez; to stare any one in the face. —-gouverneur, (—-—s) deputy-governor. — secrétaire; under-secretary. — voile; (nav.) under sail. — le vent; to leeward.

sous-affermer, v.a., to underlet; to take an under-lease.

sous-agent, n.m.f., (—-—s) under-agent.

sous-aide, n.m.f., (—-—s) under-assistant; assistant surgeon.

sous-amendement, n.m., (—-—s) additional amendment; amendment to an amendment.

sous-amender, v.a., to make an additional amendment.

sous-arbrisseau, n.m., (—-—x) (bot.) suffrutex; undershrub.

sous-aumônier, n.m., sub-almoner; assistant chaplain.

sous-axillaire, adj., (bot.) sub-axillary.

*sous-bail, n.m., (—-baux) under-lease.

sous-baill-eur, -eresse, n.m.f., under-lessor.

sous-barbe, n.f., (—-—s) under jaw (of horses). — de beaupré; (nav.) bob-stay.

sous-bibliothécaire, n.m., (—-—s) sub-librarian.

sous-bois, n.m., underwood, undergrowth.

sous-bras, n.m., dress preserver.

sous-brigadier, n.m., lance-corporal.

sous-carbonate, n.m., sub-carbonate.

sous-chantre, n.m., (—-—s) sub-chanter, succentor.

sous-chef, n.m., (—-—s) chief-assistant, second head-clerk.

sous-chevron, n.m., (—-—s) (carp.) under-rafter.

sous-clavi-er, -ère, adj., (anat.) sub-clavian.

sous-clerc, n.m., (—-—s) under-clerk.

sous-comité, n.m., (—-—s) sub-committee.

sous-commis, n.m., under-clerk, junior-clerk.

sous-commissaire, n.m., (—-—s) (nav.) under-commissary.

sous-contrefort, n.m., (—-—s) stiffener (of boots, shoes).

sous-costal, -e, adj., (anat.) sub-costal.

sous-couche, n.f., underlayer, substratum.

souscripteur, n.m., subscriber; (com.) underwriter.

souscription, n.f., subscription; signature; contribution.

souscrire, v.a.n., to subscribe, to sign; (fig.) to consent, to agree to; to approve, to indorse. — un contrat; to subscribe a contract.

souscrivant, n.m., underwriter.

sous-cutané, -e, adj., subcutaneous.

sous-délégué, n.m., (—-—s) sub-delegate.

sous-déléguer, v.a., to subdelegate.

sous-diaconat, n.m., (—-—s) subdeaconry.

sous-diacre, n.m., (—-—s) subdeacon.

sous-direct-eur, -rice, n.m.f., sub-manager, sub-manageress.

sous-diviser, v.a. V. subdiviser.

sous-division, n.f., (—-—s) subdivision.

sous-dominante, n.f., (—-—s) (mus.) sub-dominant.

sous-double, adj., (math.) subduple.

sous-doublé, -e, adj., (math.) sub-duplicate.

sous-doyen, n.m., (—-—s) sub-dean.

sous-doyenné, n.m., (—-—s) sub-deanery, sub-deanship.

sous-économe, n.m., sub-treasurer.

sous-entendre, v.a., not to express fully, to understand, to hint, to imply.

se sous-entendre, v.r., to be understood. Cela se sous-entend; that is understood.

sous-entendu, n.m., (—-—s) thing understood. adj., understood.

sous-entente, n.f., (—-—s) mental reservation.

sous-entrepreneur, n.m., (—-—s) sub-contractor (of public works).

sous-espèce, n.f., (—-—s) sub-species.

sous-faîte, n.m., (—-—s) (carp.) under-ridge-board.

sous-ferme, n.f., (—-—s) (jur.) under-lease.

sous-fermer, v.a., to underlet; to take an under-lease.

sous-fermi-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., (—-—s) (jur.) under-lessee.

sous-fondation, n.f., (—-—s) subpavement.

sous-fréter, v.a., to underlet, to under-freight (ships).

sous-garantie, n.f., (—-—s) (jur.) counter-bond.

sous-garde, n.f., (—) trigger-guard.

sous-genre, n.m., (—-—s) subgenus.

sous-gorge, n.f., (—) throat-band (of a bridle).

sous-gouverneur, n.m., (—-—s) deputy-governor.

sous-greffier, n.m., (—-—s) deputy-registrar.

sous-instructeur, n.m., (mil.) fugleman.

sous-intendance, n.f., (—-—s) (milit.) deputy-commissaryship; under commissary’s office.

sous-intendant, n.m., (—-—s) (milit.) deputy-commissary, sub-commissary.

sous-jacent, adj., subjacent.

sous-jupe, n.f., underskirt.

sous-lieutenance, n.f., (—-—s) (artil.) sub-lieutenancy; (milit.) ensigncy; (nav.) second-lieutenancy.

sous-lieutenant, n.m., (—-—s) (artil.) sub-lieutenant; (milit.) ensign; (nav.) second-lieutenant.

sous-locataire, n.m.f., (—-—s) under-tenant.

sous-location, n.f., (—-—s) under-letting, under-tenancy.

sous-louer, v.a., to underlet; to under-hire.

sous-maître, n.m., (—-—s) usher, under-master, assistant (at a school).

sous-maîtresse, n.f., (—-—s) assistant-teacher; governess.

sous-marin, -e, adj., submarine; submersed; underset (of currents).

sous-maxillaire, adj., (anat.) sub-maxillary.

sous-multiple, n.m., (—-—s) (arith.) sub-multiple.

sous-noix, n.f., round (of beef).

sous-normale, n.f., (—-—s) (geom.) sub-normal; sub-perpendicular.

sous-occipital, -e, adj., sub-occipital.

en sous-œuvre, adv., (arch.) underpinning. Reprendre un mur en —; to underpin a wall.

sous-officier, n.m., (—-—s) non-commissioned officer.

sous-orbiculaire, adj., suborbicular.

sous-ordre, n.m., (—-—s) subordinate. En —; subordinately.

sous-perpendiculaire, n.f. V. sous-normale.

sous-pied, n.m., (—-—s) strap (of trousers).

sous-précepteur, n.m., (—-—s) assistant tutor.

sous-préfecture, n.f., (—-—s) sub-prefecture.

sous-préfet, n.m., (—-—s) sub-prefect, under-sheriff.

sous-prieur, n.m., (—-—s) sub-prior.

sous-prieure, n.f., (—-—s) sub-prioress.

sous-principal, n.m., (—-—s) vice-principal.

sous-sacristain, n.m., (—-—s) under-sexton, under-sacristan.

sous-secrétaire, n.m., (—-—s) under-secretary.

sous-secrétariat, n.m., (—-—s) under-secretaryship.

sous-seing, n.m., (—-—s) private deed.

sous-sel, n.m., (—-—s) (chem.) sub-salt.

*soussigné, -e, part., undersigned, underwritten. Nous —s certifions; we, the undersigned, certify.

sous-sol, n.m., (—-—s) (agri.) sub-soil, sub-stratum; basement.

sous-tangente, n.f., (—-—s) (geom.) subtangent.

sous-tendante, n.f., (—-—s) (geom.) sub-tense chord.

sous-tendre, v.a., (geom.) to subtend.

sous-titre, n.m., (—-—s) (print.) sub-heading, second title.

soustraction, n.f., (arith., jur.) subtraction; taking away.

soustraire (soustrayant, soustrait), v.a., to take away, to remove; to withdraw; to shelter, to screen; (arith.) to subtract.

se soustraire, v.r., to escape, to avoid; to flee; to exempt one’s self; to withdraw; to be subtracted. Se — au châtiment; to avoid punishment. Se — à la tyrannie; to flee from tyranny. Se — à la justice; to fly from justice, to abscond.

sous-traitant, n.m., (—-—s) sub-contractor.

sous-traité, n.m., (—-—s) sub-contract.

sous-traiter, v.a., to sub-contract.

sous-triple, adj., (math.) sub-triple.

sous-triple, -e, adj., (math.) sub-triplicate. En raison —e; in a sub-triplicate ratio.

soustylaire, n.f., substyle (of a dial).

sous-variété, n.f., (—-—s) sub-variety.

sous-ventrière, n.f., (—-—s) belly-band.

soutache, n.f., braid (of a hussar’s shako).

soutacher, v.a., to braid (needlework).

soutane, n.f., cassock; (fig.) cloth; priests.

soutanelle, n.f., short cassock.

soute, n.f., (nav.) store-room. — aux poudres; (nav.) powder-magazine, powder-room. V. soulte. — à charbon; coal-bunker; coal-chute. — au pain; bread-room; bread-pan.

soutenable (soo-tnabl), adj., sustainable, maintainable; supportable, tenable.

soutenance, n.f., the sustaining of a thesis.

soutenant (soo-tnān), n.m., sustainer, mooter (student); respondent.

soutènement (-tè-n-mān), n.m., (arch.) support, prop; (jur.) written explanation. Mur de —; breast-wall.

souteneur (soo-tneur), n.m., bully; pimp.

soutenir (soo-tnir), v.a., to support, to sustain, to bear, to bear up; to hold, to hold up; to keep up, to uphold; to assert, to maintain; to uphold, to affirm, to back, to stand by; to countenance, to favor; to prop, to prop up; to strengthen; to afford (an expense); to endure, to bear up against. — une famille; to support a family. — la conversation; to keep up the conversation. — son rang; to uphold, or keep up, one’s rank. — le combat; to maintain the fight. — la lumière; to bear the light. Il ne peut — la raillerie; he cannot stand joking. Le vin vous soutient; wine strengthens one. — une thèse; to sustain a thesis. — un siège; to sustain a siege.

se soutenir, v.r., to support one’s self; to sustain one’s self; to stand up, to keep one’s self up; to bear up; to hold out; to succeed; to continue, to get on, not to flag. Elle se soutient bien; she holds out very well. Son style ne se soutient pas; his style is not sustained. Se — contre; to resist, to withstand.

soutenu, -e, adj., supported, sustained; continued; unremitting, unceasing, constant; high, lofty, elevated. Discours bien —; well-sustained discourse. Style —; lofty style.

souterrain, -e, adj., subterraneous, subterranean. Voies —es; underhand practices.

souterrain, n.m., cavern, vault; tunnel; underground.

souterrainement, adv., underground; (fig.) in an underhanded manner, secretly.

soutien (-ti-in), n.m., stay, prop, support, staff; maintenance; sustenance; stiffening; supporter, upholder, vindicator, sustainer.

soutirage, n.m., racking, drawing off (of wine).

soutirer, v.a., to rack, to draw off (liquors); to get out of, to worm out of, to screw out of (to obtain).

soutre, n.m., writing pad.

☉souvenance (soo-vnans), n.f., remembrance, recollection. Avoir —; to remember.

souvenez-vous-de-moi, n.m., (—) (bot.) marsh scorpion-grass; forget-me-not.

souvenir (soo-vnir), n.m., remembrance, recollection, memory, reminder; keepsake; memorandum-book; letter-rack. Rappeler une chose au — de quelqu’un; to remind any one of a thing. Rappelez-moi à son —; remember me to him.

se souvenir, v.r., to remember; to call to mind, to recollect; to bear in mind. Se — du temps passé; to remember past times. Je m’en souviendrai; I shall remember it. Il me souvient; I remember. Il m’en souvient; I remember it. T’en souvient-il? do you remember? Autant que je puis m’en —; to the best of my recollection. S’il m’en souvient bien; if I recollect rightly.

souvent, adv., often, oftentimes, frequently, many times. Peu —; rarely.

☉souventefois (-vant-foa), adv., oftentimes.

souverain, -e (soo-vrin, -vrè-n), n. and adj., sovereign; supreme, superlative, highest, extreme, most excellent, infallible; final, without appeal. Au — degré; to a sovereign degree.

souverain, n.m., sovereign (coin).

souverainement (soo-vrè-n-mān), adv., extremely, in the extreme; finally; sovereignly, supremely, superlatively.

souveraineté (souv-rè-n-té), n.f., sovereignty, supremacy, dominion; dominions.

soy, n.m. V. souï.

soyeu-x, -se, adj., silky, silken.

spacieusement (-eûz-mān), adv., spaciously.

spacieu-x, -se, adj., spacious, wide, roomy, large.

spadassin, n.m., (b.s.) fighter, bully, hired assassin.

*spadille, n.m., spadilla (at ombre).

spahi, n.m., spahi (Algerian horse soldier).

spalme, n.m., (nav.) paying-stuff. V. courée or courai.

spalmer, v.a., to grave, to pitch, to pay (a ship). V. espalmer.

spalt, n.m., (min.) spalt.

sparadrap (-dra-p), n.m., (pharm.) cerecloth.

spare, n.m., (ich.) gilt-head.

spargoule or spargoute, n.f. V. spergule.

spartan or sparton, n.m., (nav.) rope made of esparto.

sparte, n.f., (bot.) esparto; mat-weed.

sparterie, n.f., manufacture of esparto; esparto articles.

spartiate, n.m.f. and adj., Spartan.

sparton, n.m. V. spartan.

spasme, n.m., spasm.

spasmodique, adj., spasmodic.

spasmologie, n.f., spasmology.

spath (spat), n.m., (min.) spar. — perlé; pearl spar. — fluor; fluor-spar.

spathacé, -e, adj., (bot.) spathaceous.

spathe, n.f., (bot.) spatha, spathe.

spathique, adj., (min.) sparry, spathic.

spatule, n.f., spatula; (orni.) spoon-bill.

spécial, -e, adj., special, especial, peculiar, particular; professional (of a person). Les hommes spéciaux; professional men.

spécialement (-al-mān), adv., especially, peculiarly, particularly.

spécialisation, n.f., specialization.

spécialiser, v.n., to specialize.

spécialiste, n.m., (med.) specialist. Médecin —; specialist.

spécialité, n.f., peculiarity, specialty; line, or department, of business; special study.

spécieusement (-eûz-mān), adv., speciously, plausibly.

spécieu-x, -se, adj., specious, plausible.

spécificati-f, -ve, adj., specificative.

spécification, n.f., specification.

spécifier, v.a., to specify.

spécifique, n.m. and adj., specific.

spécifiquement (-fik-mān), adv., specifically.

spécimen (-mè-n), n.m., (—s) specimen.

spéciosité, n.f., speciousness.

spectacle, n.m., play, spectacle, scene, sight, public view, show; play-house, performance; theater. Salle de —; play-house, theater. Être en —; to be exposed to public view. Se donner en —; to attract attention; to make one’s self conspicuous. Programme, or affiche, de —; play-bill. Servir de —; to be a butt for public laughter. Jour de —; play-night. Aller au —; to go to the play, or theater.

spectat-eur, -rice, n. and adj., spectator, looker-on, by-stander. pl., (thea.) spectators, audience. adj., looking on.

spectral, adj., (opt.) spectral; pertaining to the spectrum.

spectre, n.m., specter, phantom, ghost; (phys.) spectrum.

spéculaire, adj., (min.) specular, transparent. ☉Science —; the science of mirror-making.

spéculat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., speculator, investor.

spéculati-f, -ve, adj., speculative.

spéculatif, n.m., speculative man, speculative mind.

spéculation, n.f., speculation.

spéculativement, adv., in a speculative manner.

spéculer, v.n., to speculate.

speculum (spé-cu-lom), n.m., (—) (surg.) speculum.

☉spée, n.f. V. cépée.

spencer (spin-sèr), n.m., (—s) spencer (garment).

spergule, n.f., (bot.) spurrey.

spermaceti (-céti), n.m., (n.p.) spermaceti, sperm.

spermatique, adj., spermatic.

spermatocèle, n.f., (med.) spermatocele.

spermatologie, n.f., (med.) spermatology.

sperme, n.m., sperm, seed. — de baleine, blanc de baleine; spermaceti.

spermophile, n.m., ground squirrel.

sphacèle, n.m., (med.) sphacelus.

sphacélé, -e, adj., sphacelated.

sphénoïdal, -e, adj., sphenoidal.

sphénoïde, n.m. and adj., (anat.) sphenoid, sphenoidal.

sphère, n.f., (geom.) sphere, globe; circle, orb, orbit. Sortir de sa —; to go out of one’s sphere. Etude de la —; use of the globes.

sphéricité, n.f., sphericity.

sphérique, adj., spherical, globose. Triangle —; curvilinear triangle.

sphériquement, adv., spherically.

sphériste, n.m., (antiq.) one who taught ball playing.

sphéristère, n.m., (antiq.) ball playing ground.

sphéristique, n.f., (antiq.) the art of ball playing.

sphéroïdal, -e, adj., spheroidal.

sphéroïde, n.m., (geom.) spheroid.

sphéromètre, n.m., spherometer.

sphincter (-tèr), n.m., (anat.) sphincter.

sphinx (sfīnks), n.m., sphinx; (ent.) sphinx, hawk-moth.

sphragistique, n.f., sphragistics.

spic, n.m., (bot.) spike, lavender.

spica, n.m., (surg.) spica-bandage, spica.

spicanard, n.m., (bot.) spikenard.

spiccato, adv., (mus.) spiccato.

spiciforme, adj., spike-shaped.

spicule, n.m., (bot.) spicule, spikelet.

spigélie, n.f., (bot.) worm-grass.

spina-bifida, n.f., (n.p.) (med.) rickets.

spinal, -e, adj., spinal.

spina-ventosa, n.m., (n.p.) (med.) spina-ventosa.

spinelle, n.m., spinel, spinelle.

spinifère, n.m., spiniferous.

spiniforme, adj., spiniform.

spinosisme, n.m., Spinozism.

spinosiste, n.m., Spinozist.

spiral, -e, adj., spiral.

spiral, n.m., (horl.) spiral spring; hair-spring, balance spring.

spirale, n.f., (geom.) spiral; spire; (conch.) turban. En —; spirally, winding round. Aller en —; to wind (up or round).

☉spiralement (-ral-mān), adv., in a spiral form, spirally.

spiration, n.f., (theol.) spiration.

spire, n.f., (ancient arch.) spire; (geom.) helix, revolution of the helix.

spirée, n.f., (bot.) spiræa (genus). — ulmaire, or reine-des-prés; meadow-sweet, queen of the meadow. — filipendule; dropwort.

spirite, n.m.f., spirit-rapper, spiritist.

spiritisme, n.m., spiritism, spiritualism.

spiritualisation, n.f., (chem.) spiritualization.

spiritualiser, v.a., to spiritualize.

spiritualisme, n.m., spiritualism.

spiritualiste, n.m.f. and adj., spiritualist.

spiritualité, n.f., spirituality.

spirituel, n.m., spirituality (not temporality); (rel.) spiritual man.

spirituel, -le, adj., spiritual (incorporeal); mental, intellectual; witty, shrewd, ingenious; sprightly, lively, intelligent. Un homme fort —; a very witty man. Une réponse —le; a witty answer.

spirituellement (-èl-mān), adv., spiritually, in spirit, ingeniously, wittily, cleverly, shrewdly.

spiritueu-x, -se, adj., spirituous.

spiritueux, n.m., spirit, spirits. pl., spirituous liquors.

splanchnique, adj., (anat.) splanchnic.

splanchnologie (splān-kno-), n.f., (anat.) splanchnology.

spleen (spli-n), n.m., spleen, melancholy.

splénalgie, n.f., spleenalgy.

splendeur, n.f., splendor, brightness, luster; brilliancy, magnificence, pomp.

splendide, adj., splendid, sumptuous, magnificent.

splendidement (-did-mān), adv., splendidly, sumptuously, magnificently.

splénétique, adj., n.m.f., splenetic.

splénique, adj., (anat.) splenic.

spoliat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., spoiler, despoiler, spoliator. adv., despoiling, of spoliation.

spoliation, n.f., spoliation.

spolier, v.a., to spoliate, to despoil, to plunder, to rob.

spondaïque, n.m. and adj., spondaic.

spondée, n.m., spondee.

spondyle, n.m., (anat.) spondyl, spondyle; (conch.) spondylus.

spondylite, n.f., (med.) inflammation of the vertebræ.

spongieu-x, -se, adj., spongy.

spongiosité, n.f., sponginess.

spongite, n.f., (min.) spongite.

spontané, -e, adj., spontaneous; voluntary.

spontanéité, n.f., spontaneity, spontaneousness.

spontanément, adv., spontaneously, of one’s own accord, voluntarily.

sponton, n.m. V. esponton.

sporadique, adj., (med.) sporadic.

spore, n.f., (bot.) spore, sporule.

sport, n.m., (—s) sport.

sportsman, n.m., sportsman.

sportule, n.f., dole, bribe, alms.

sporule, n.f., (bot.) sporule, spore.

spouliner, v.a., to spool (thread).

spumeu-x, -se, adj., spumous, foamy, frothy.

spumosité, n.f., frothiness.

sputation, n.f., (med.) sputation, expectoration.

squale (skooal), n.m., (ich.) dog-fish, shark.

squammeu-x, -se (skooa-), adj., squamous, scaly, squamose.

square (skooêr), n.m., (—s) square (public place).

squelette, n.m., skeleton; carcass, frame (of a ship). C’est un —, c’est un vrai —; (pers.) he, she, is a living skeleton.

*squille, n.f., squill (crustaceous animal).

squinancie. V. esquinancie.

squine, n.f., (bot.) China-root.

squirre or squirrhe (skir), n.m., (med.) scirrhus, glandular tumor.

squirreu-x, -se, or squirrheu-x, -se, adj., scirrhous.

s.s., initial letters of Sa Sainteté, His Holiness, title of the Pope.

s.s., p.p., abbreviations of Saints Pères; Holy Fathers.

st! int., here, come here! hi! hoy! I say!

stabat mater, n.m., (—) (c.rel.) Stabat Mater.

stabilité, n.f., stability, consistence, firmness, solidity; durability, steadfastness. Manquer de —; to lack stability.

stable, adj., stable, solid, firm, durable, lasting, permanent; steadfast.

stade, n.m., (antiq.) stadium (185 m.); furlong (Eng. measure); stade; (med.) stage, period.

stage, n.m., term of probation, residence; (rail.) luggage-van. Faire son —; to keep one’s terms (as a probationer).

stagiaire, n. and adj. m., licentiate in law going through his stage. Avocat —; licentiate in law (not admitted to the bar) or probationer. adj., attending terms, going through his course.

stagirite, n.m., stagyrite.

stagnant, -e, adj., stagnant, standing still.

stagnation, n.f., stagnation, stagnancy.

*stagnon, n.m. V. estagnon.

stalactite, n.f., (min.) stalactite.

stalagmite, n.f., (min.) stalagmite.

stalle, n.f., stall (for horses).

stamenais, n.m.pl., (nav.) lower futtocks.

staminé, -e, adj., (bot.) staminate, stamened.

staminifère, adj., (bot.) staminiferous.

staminiforme, adj., staminiform.

stance, n.f., stanza.

stangue (stān-g), n.f., (her.) shank of an anchor.

stannifère, adj., stanniferous, tinny. Terrain —; tin-ground. Veine —; tin-floor.

staphisaigre, n.f., (bot.) stavesacre, licebane, lousewort.

staphylin, n.m., (ent.) staphylinus.

staphylôme, n.m., (med.) staphyloma, staphylosis.

staroste, n.m., starost (Polish noble).

starostie (-tî), n.f., starosty (fief).

stase, n.f., (med.) arrest, stagnation (of the blood).

stathouder (-dèr), n.m., stadtholder.

stathoudérat, n.m., stadtholdership, stadtholderate.

statice, n.f., (bot.) sea-lavender.

station, n.f., action of standing; manner of standing; stay; station (short stay); stoppage; stand (of public coaches); (railway) station; halt; stoppage. Il n’y a point de voitures à la —; there are no cabs on the stand. Chef de —; (rail.) station-master.

stationnaire, adj., stationary.

stationnaire, n.m., (nav.) guard-ship, police-ship.

stationnal, adj., stational (of churches).

stationnement (-sio-n-mān), n.m., stationing, stoppage; standing (of cabs).

stationner, v.n., to stop, to stand (of cabs).

statique, n.f., statics.

statisticien (-si-in), n.m., statistician.

statistique, n.f., statistics, returns.

statuaire, n.m., (pers.) statuary.

statuaire, adj., statuary.

statuaire, n.f., statuary (art).

statue, n.f., statue, figure; (Bibl.) pillar.

statuer, v.a., to decree, to resolve, to ordain, to enact. v.n., to make laws.

statuette, n.f., small statue, statuette.

statu quo, n.m., (n.p.) statu quo. In —; in statu quo.

stature, n.f., stature, height.

statut, n.m., statute, decree; by-law, written law; article (of association).

statutaire, adj., statutory, conformable to statute.

steamer (sti-meur), n.m., (—s) steamer.

stéarine, n.f., (chem.) stearine.

stéarique, adj., (chem.) stearic.

stéatite, n.f., (min.) steatite.

stéatocèle, n.f., (med.) steatocele.

stéatôme, n.m., (med.) steatoma.

steeple-chase, n.m., (—-—s) steeple-chase.

stèle, n.f., (arch.) stela; (of a sun-dial) pedestal.

stellaire, n.f., (bot.) stitchwort.

stellaire, adj., (astron.) stellar, stellary, starry.

stelliforme, adj., stelliform, in the shape of a star.

stellion, n.m., star-lizard.

stellionat, n.m., (jur.) stellionate.

stellionataire, n.m., (jur.) person guilty of stellionate.

sténographe, n.m., stenographer, short-hand writer; reporter. — des chambres; parliamentary reporter.

sténographie, n.f., stenography, shorthand.

sténographier, v.a., to write in short-hand, to take down in short-hand, to report.

sténographique, adj., stenographical.

sténographiquement, adv., stenographically.

stentor, n.m., Stentor. D’une voix de —; in a stentorian voice.

steppe, n.m. or f., steppe.

stercoraire, adj., stercoraceous, stercorary.

stère, n.m., (French measure) stere, cubic meter (35.3174 cubic feet).

stéréobate, n.m., (arch.) stereobate.

stéréographie, n.f., stereography.

stéréographique, adj., stereographic, stereographical.

stéréométrie, n.f., (geom.) stereometry.

stéréoscope, n.m., stereoscope.

stéréotomie, n.f., (geom.) stereotomy.

stéréotypage, n.m., stereotyping.

stéréotype, adj., stereotype.

stéréotyper, v.a., to stereotype.

stéréotypeur, n.m., stereotyper.

stéréotypie, n.f., stereotypy; stereotype printing; stereotype printing-office.

stérile, adj., sterile, barren, unfruitful; (fig.) fruitless, vain; farrow (of cows). Année —; year of dearth. Ouvrage —; dry work. Gloire —; empty glory. Vache —; farrow cow.

stérilement, adv., barrenly, unfruitfully.

stériliser, v.a., to make, to render, sterile; to sterilize.

stérilité, n.f., sterility, barrenness, unfruitfulness; (fig.) dearth, scarcity. — de nouvelles; scarcity, or dearth, of news.

sterling, n. and adj. m., invariable, sterling. Monnaie —; sterling. Livre —; pound sterling.

sterne, n.m., (orni.) tern, black tern.

sternum (-nom), n.m., (—) (anat.) sternum, breast-bone.

sternutatoire, n.m. and adj., sternutatory.

stertoreu-x, -se, adj., (med.) stertorous.

stéthoscope, n.m., (med.) stethoscope.

stibié, -e, adj., (pharm.) stibial, antimonial.

stigmate, n.m., scar, stigma, brand, mark of infamy; mark, spot, trace, stain; (ent.) spiracle; (bot.) stigma. pl., (theol.) stigmata. — flétrissant; mark of infamy, stigma of infamy. Porter les —s de la petite vérole; to be pock-marked.

stigmatiser, v.a., to brand (with a hot iron); to stigmatize, to brand.

stil de grain, n.m., (paint.) yellow lake.

stillation, n.f., (phys.) dripping, dropping.

stimulant, -e, adj., stimulating, stimulant.

stimulant, n.m., stimulant, stimulus.

stimulat-eur, -rice, adj., stimulating.

stimulation, n.f., stimulation.

stimuler, v.a., to stimulate, to excite, to rouse, to spur on, to urge forward.

stimulus, n.m., (med.) stimulus.

stipe, n.f., (bot.) feather-grass, stipa; ☉a tax on leases.

stipe, n.m., (bot.) stipe; caudex.

stipelle, n.f., (bot.) stipel.

stipendiaire, adj., stipendiary, hired.

stipendié, n.m., stipendiary, hireling.

stipendier, v.a., to hire, to keep in pay.

stipulacé, -e, adj., (bot.) stipulaceous.

stipulant, -e, adj., (jur.) stipulating.

stipulation, n.f., stipulation.

stipule, n.f., (bot.) stipula, stipule.

stipuler, v.a., to stipulate; (jur.) to covenant, to contract.

stock, n.m., (—) (com.) stock.

stockfisch, n.m., (n.p.) stockfish.

stoff, n.m., stuff (cotton or woolen).

stoïcien, -ne, (-in, -è-n), n. and adj., stoic; stoical.

stoïcisme, n.m., stoicism, stoicalness.

stoïcité, n.f., stoicism.

stoïque, n.m.f. and adj., stoic; stoical.

stoïquement (-ik-mān), adv., stoically.

stokfiche, n.m. V. stockfisch.

stole, n.f., (antiq.) stola.

stomacal, -e, adj., stomachic.

stomachique, n.m. and adj., (med.) stomachic; (anat.) of the stomach.

stomate, n.m., (bot.) stomatum.

stopper, v.a. and n., to stop (a railway train, a steamboat, an engine).

stoppeur, n.m., (nav.) stopper.

storax (-aks), n.m., (bot., pharm.) storax.

store, n.m., spring-roller blind, roller-blind; blind. Lever les —s; to pull up the blinds. Baisser les —s; to let the blinds down, or pull down the blinds.

storthing, n.m., Storthing (Norway legislative body).

strabisme, n.m., (med.) strabism; squinting.

strabite, n.m.f. and adj., squint-eyed; squinting.

stramonium, n.m., (bot.) stramony, thorn-apple.

strangulation, n.f., strangulation.

☉stranguler, v.a. V. étrangler.

strangurie, n.f., (med.) strangury.

strapasser, v.a., ☉to drub, to bang, to thrash; (paint.) (l.u.) to rough-sketch, to paint carelessly, to daub.

strapasson, n.m., dauber, rough-sketcher.

strapassonner, v.a., (paint.). V. strapasser.

strapontin, n.m., bracket seat (of carriages).

stras (strâs), n.m., strass, paste (of jewels).

strasse, n.f., floss-silk.

stratagème, n.m., stratagem.

strate, n.f., (geol.) stratum.

stratégie, n.f., strategy.

stratégique, adj., strategic, strategical.

stratégiste, n.m., strategist.

stratification, n.f., stratification.

stratifier, v.a., to stratify.

stratocratie (-ci), n.f., stratocracy.

stratographie, n.f., stratography.

strélitz, n.m., strelitz.

strette, n.f., (mus.) stretto (part of a fugue).

stribord, n.m. (nav.). V. tribord.

strict (strikt), -e, adj., strict, precise, rigid, severe, rigorous.

strictement, adv., strictly, precisely, rigidly, severely, rigorously.

stricture, n.f., (med.) (l.u.) stricture.

strident, -e, adj., strident, harsh, jarring, screeching, shrill. Voix —e; shrill voice.

strideur, n.f., harshness, creaking (of sound).

strié, -e, adj., (min., arch., natural hist.) striate, striated, channeled, streaked.

strie, n.f., (natural hist.) striæ; (arch.) fillet, fluting, streak.

strier, v.n., to streak.

strige, n.f., or stryge, n.m., vampire, ghost.

strigile, n.m., (antiq.) strigil.

strigueu-x, -se (-gheû, -z), adj., (bot.) strigous, strigose.

striures, n.f.pl. V. strie.

strobile, n.m., (bot.). V. cône (bot.).

strophe, n.f., strophe.

structure, n.f., structure, construction, form, make; (fig.) arrangement, disposition.

strumeu-x, -se, adj., strumous, scrofulous.

strychnine (strik-), n.f., (med.) strychnine, strychnia.

strychnos (stri-knôs), n.m., (bot.) strychnos.

stryge, n.m. V. strige.

stuc, n.m., stucco, stucco-work. Enduire de —; to stucco.

stucateur, n.m., stucco plasterer.

studieusement (-eûz-mān), adv., studiously.

studieu-x, -se, adj., studious.

stupéfacti-f, -ve, adj., (med.) stupefactive.

stupéfaction, n.f., (med.) stupefaction; stupefaction, great astonishment.

stupéfait, -e, adj., stupefied, astonished; astounded, dumfounded, thunderstruck.

stupéfiant, -e, adj., (med.) stupefactive, stupefying, dumfounding, stunning.

stupéfiant, n.m., (med.) narcotic.

stupéfier, v.a., (med.) to stupefy; to stupefy, to astonish, to astound, to amaze, to dumfound.

stupeur, n.f., (med.) stupor; stupor, astonishment, amazement.

stupide, n.m.f. and adj., stupid person or fellow, blockhead; stupid, senseless, dull.

stupidement (-pid-mān), adv., stupidly, senselessly.

stupidité, n.f., stupidity, stupidness, dullness; stupid thing, piece of stupidity.

stupre, n.m., stupration.

stygmate, n.m. V. stigmate.

style, n.m., style, tone, manner, strain; (fine arts) style; (chronology) style; (bot.) style. — décousu; unconnected style. — badin; jocular style. — fleuri; florid style. — coulant; fluent style. — soutenu; elevated, lofty, style. — de pratique; law terms. — de cadran; style, or gnomon (of a dial). Vieux —; old style; old-fashioned. Voilà bien son —; that is just his way, that’s just like him.

stylé, -e, adj., trained, taught; clever; stylish, dashing.

styler, v.a., to train, to bring up, to use, to accustom, to form.

stylet, n.m., stiletto; (surg.) probe, stylet.

styliforme, adj., (bot.) styliform.

stylite, n.m. and adj., (rel. hist.) stylite.

stylobate, n.m., (arch.) stylobate.

styloïde, adj., (anat.) styloid.

styptique, n.m. and adj., (med.) styptic.

styrax, n.m., (bot., pharm.) storax.

su, n.m., knowledge. Au — de; to the knowledge of. Au vu et au — de tout le monde; as everybody knows.

su, part. (of savoir), known.

suage, n.m., dampness, oozing; (nav.) paving-stuff.

suaire, n.m., winding-sheet, shroud.

suant, -e, adj., sweating, in a sweat; perspiring, dripping with sweat.

suave, adj., sweet; agreeable, pleasant; fragrant, odoriferous; soft.

suavement (-av-mān), adv., sweetly, agreeably, pleasantly.

suavité, n.f., suavity; sweetness, fragrance, pleasantness, agreeableness.

subalterne, n.m. and adj., subaltern, subordinate, inferior.

subalternité, n.f., subordination; inferior position.

subdélégation, n.f., subdelegation.

subdélégué (-ghé), n.m., subdelegate.

subdéléguer (-ghé), v.a., to subdelegate.

subdiviser, v.a., to subdivide.

se subdiviser, v.r., to subdivide, to be subdivided.

subdivision, n.f., subdivision.

subéreu-x, -se, adj., (bot.) suberous, corky.

subérique, adj., suberic.

subfossile, adj., subfossil.

subintrant, -e, adj., (med.) subintrans, quotidian (beginning before the other is over) (of attacks of fever).

subir, v.a., to undergo, to suffer, to submit, to sustain, to support, to go through, to pass; to put up with. — son sort; to submit to one’s fate. — la question; to undergo torture. — un examen; to pass an examination, to undergo an examination. — un interrogatoire; to be cross-examined. Se —; to put up with one another; to be suffered.

subit, -e, adj., sudden, unexpected.

subitement (-bit-mān), adv., suddenly, on a sudden, all of a sudden, unexpectedly.

subito, adv., suddenly, on a sudden, all of a sudden.

subjecti-f, -ve, adj., subjective.

subjectivement (-tiv-mān), adv., subjectively.

subjectivité, n.f., (philos.) subjectivity.

subjonctif, n.m., (gram.) subjunctive.

subjugation, n.f., subjugation.

subjuguer (-ghé), v.a., to subjugate, to subdue, to subject, to bring under the dominion of, to bring under subjection, to master, to get the better of, to overcome; to captivate.

subjugueur, n.m., subduer, subjugator.

sublimable, adj., (chem.) sublimable.

sublimation, n.f., (chem.) sublimation, subliming.

sublimatoire, n.m., (chem.) subliming pot.

sublime, n.m. and adj., sublime, sublimity.

sublimé, n.m., (chem.) sublimate.

sublimement, adv., sublimely.

sublimer, v.a., (chem.) to sublimate.

sublimité, n.f., sublimity.

sublingual, -e (-gooal), adj., (anat.) sublingual.

sublunaire, adj., sublunar, sublunary.

submerger, v.a., to submerge, to swamp, to sink, to drown; to overwhelm.

submersible, adj., submergible; (bot.) submerse.

submersion, n.f., submersion.

subodorer, v.a., to scent at a distance.

subordination, n.f., subordination.

subordonné, -e, n.m.f. and adj., subordinate, inferior, dependent.

subordonnément, adv., subordinately.

subordonner, v.a., to subordinate.

☉subornateur, n.m. V. suborneur.

subornation, n.f., subornation, bribery, bribing; (jur.) embracery (of juries).

suborner, v.a., to suborn, to bribe, to tamper with; (jur.) to embrace, to attempt to corrupt (a jury).

suborneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., suborner, briber; (jur.) embracer (of juries).

suborneu-r, -se, adj., suborning, bribing.

subrécargue (-kar-g), n.m., (com., nav.) supercargo.

subrécot, n.m., after-reckoning, fresh demand.

subreptice, adj., surreptitious.

subrepticement (-tis-mān), adv., surreptitiously.

subreption, n.f., subreption.

subrogation, n.f., (jur.) subrogation.

subrogatoire, adj., subrogatory.

subrogé, -e, adj., surrogated. — tuteur; deputy-guardian (to watch over trustees). Evêque —; suffragan bishop, surrogate.

subroger, v.a., (jur.) to surrogate. Se —; to be surrogated.

subséquemment (-ka-mān), adv., subsequently.

subséquent, -e, adj., subsequent.

subside, n.m., subsidy, aid. pl., supplies, supply (of the state).

subsidiaire, adj., subsidiary, auxiliary, collateral, additional.

subsidiairement (-dièr-mān), adv., further, also, likewise; in a subsidiary manner, collaterally, additionally.

subsistance, n.f., subsistence, sustenance, maintenance, support, allowance. Tirer sa — de; to get one’s living by.

subsistant, -e, adj., subsisting, subsistent, existing, extant, being, living.

subsister, v.n., to subsist, to stand, to continue, to be extant, to have existence; to be in force; to hold good; to exist, to live. J’ai de la peine à —; I can hardly get a livelihood.

substance, n.f., substance. En —; summarily, in substance.

substantiel, -le, adj., substantial.

substantiellement (-sièl-mān), adv., (theol.) substantially.

substantif, n.m. and adj., (gram.) substantive.

substantive, adj.f., (dy.) substantive, substantial. Couleur —; substantive color.

substantivement (-tiv-mān), adv., substantively.

substituer, v.a., to substitute, to change, to replace; (jur.) to entail; (jur.) to appoint. Propriété substituée; entailed estate.

se substituer, v.r., to substitute one’s self; to supersede, to replace.

substitut, n.m., substitute, deputy, delegate, surrogate.

substitution, n.f., substitution; (jur.) entail; (jur.) estate in tail.

substratum (-tom), n.m., (n.p.) (philos.) substratum.

substruction, n.f., (arch.) substructure.

substructure, n.f., substructure.

subterfuge, n.m., subterfuge, evasion, shift.

subtil, -e, adj., subtile, thin, fine; acute, keen, sharp, quick, sagacious; ready, dexterous; cunning, smart, shrewd, artful, crafty.

subtilement (-til-mān), adv., subtly, artfully, slyly; finely, cunningly, dexterously; acutely, sharply, smartly.

subtilisation, n.f., (chem.) subtilization.

subtiliser, v.a., to subtilize, to refine; (fam.) to cheat, to take in, to deceive.

subtiliser, v.n., to subtilize.

subtiliseu-r, -se, n.m.f., subtilizer; abstracter.

subtilité, n.f., subtlety; fineness, penetration, refinement, acuteness; subtleness, expertness, adroitness, shrewdness, nicety of discrimination; cunning, artfulness, craftiness. La — des sens; the acuteness of the senses. — d’esprit; refinement of mind.

subulé, -e, adj., (bot.) subulate, awl-shaped.

suburbain, -e (-bīn, bè-n), adj., suburban.

suburbicaire, adj., (Roman antiq.) suburbicarian; (c.rel.) within the diocese of Rome.

subvenir, v.n., to relieve, to help, to assist; to supply, to provide, to afford. — aux besoins de quelqu’un; to provide for any one’s wants. Si je puis y —; if I can afford it, or find the ways and means.

subvention, n.f., supply, subsidy, grant; aid, help, subvention.

subventionnel, -le, adj., subventional.

subventionner, v.a., to grant a relief (in public money), to subsidize, to subvention; to endow, to assist, to aid.

subversi-f, -ve (-vèr-), adj., subversive.

subversion (-vèr-), n.f., subversion, ruin, overthrow, destruction.

subvertir (-vèr-), v.a., to subvert, to destroy, to overthrow, to ruin.

suc, n.m., juice, essence, quintessence. — gastrique; gastric juice.

succédané, n.m., (med.) succedaneum, substitute.

succédané, -e, adj., (med.) succedaneous.

succéder, v.n., to succeed, to follow; to inherit. La nuit succède au jour; night follows day. — à quelqu’un; to succeed any one. — à un royaume; to succeed to a kingdom. Tout lui succède; he, she, is successful in everything.

se succéder, v.r., to succeed one another, to follow one another.

succès, n.m., success. — de circonstance; accidental success. — d’estime; indifferent success.

successeur (suk-sè-), n.m., successor.

successibilité (suk-sè-), n.f., (jur.) right of succession.

successible (suk-sè-), adj., (jur.) heritable, capable of inheriting.

successi-f, -ve (suk-sè-), adj., successive, (jur.) in succession.

succession (suk-sè-), n.f., succession, inheritance, heritage, heirs, estate; series. Renoncer à une —; to give up one’s right to a succession. Par — de temps; in process of time. Droit d’administrer la —; (jur.) letters of administration. Recueillir une —; to acquire an inheritance, to have an estate left one, to come into property. Acte de —; act of settlement. Droit de —; right of succession; legacy-duty, probate-duty.

successivement (suk-sè-siv-mān), adv., successively, in succession.

succin (suk-sīn), n.m., yellow amber.

succinct, -e (suk-sīn, -t), adj., succinct, concise, brief, short.

succinctement (suk-sīnt-mān), adv., succinctly, briefly, concisely.

succion (suk-si-), n.f., suction, sucking.

succomber, v.n., to sink under or beneath, to fall; to yield, to succumb, to be overcome, to fail, to be worsted, to get the worst of it; to die, to perish. — à la douleur; to be overcome with grief. — à la tentation; to yield to temptation. — sous le faix; to sink under the burden.

succube, n.m., succubus.

succulemment, adv., succulently.

succulence, n.f., succulence, succulency.

succulent, -e, adj., succulent, juicy; nutritious, rich.

succursale, n. and adj. f., (eccl.) chapel of ease, branch establishment, auxiliary branch; branch-bank.

succursaliste, n.m., curate of a chapel of ease.

sucement (sus-mān), n.m., sucking, suck.

sucer, v.a., to suck, to suck in, to imbibe; to suck out; to suck up; to draw, to drain. Se —; to be sucked.

sucet, n.m., (ich.) sucking-fish, sucker, remora; (orni.) common wren.

suceur, n.m. and adj., sucker; sucking; (zoöl.) suctorian.

suçoir, n.m., sucker; (ent.) proboscis.

suçon, n.m., spot made by sucking; sucking-mark; stick of barley-sugar.

suçoter, v.a., to keep sucking, to suck gradually, to suck at. — un sucre d’orge; to suck a stick of barley-sugar.

sucre, n.m., sugar. — brut; raw sugar, moist sugar, brown sugar. — pilé or en poudre; powdered sugar, ground sugar; sifted, or castor, sugar. — raffiné; refined sugar, lump sugar, loaf sugar. — d’orge; barley-sugar. Pain de —; sugar-loaf. — en pain; loaf sugar. Être tout — et tout miel; to be all honey.

sucré, -e, part., sugared, sweet, sugary, luscious; (fig.) demure, prim, honeyed, bland. Air —; prim air. Eau —e; sugar and water.

sucrer, v.a., to sugar, to sweeten, to put sugar in. Se —; to put sugar in (one’s tea or coffee). Sucrez-vous; take some sugar.

sucrerie, n.f., sugar-house, sugar-works, sugar-refinery; sweetmeat; confectionery; sweets.

sucrier, n.m., sugar-bowl, sugar-basin; sugar-maker.

sucr-ier, -ière, adj., sugar, of sugar. Industrie —ère; sugar-trade.

sucrin, adj., sugary (melons).

sud (sud), n.m., South; south wind. Du —; southern. Vers le —; southward. —-est; south-east. Au —; southward. Courir au —; to steer a southerly course.

sud, adj., south, southerly (of the wind).

sudation, n.f., (med.) sudation, sweating.

sudatoire, adj., sudatory.

sudiste, n.m.f. and adj., Southerner (American politics).

sudorifère, adj., (med.) sudoriferous.

sudorifique, n.m., and adj., (med.) sudorific.

sudoripare, adj., sudoriparous.

sud-ouest (sud-ooèst), n.m., south-west.

suédois, -e, n. and adj., Swede; Swedish. A la —e; Swedish fashion.

suée, n.f., sweating; (fam., pop.) sudden fright, sudden fear.

suer, v.n., to sweat, to be in a sweat, to perspire; to toil, to drudge, to ooze, to ooze out; to sputter; to become damp (of walls). — à grosses gouttes; to perspire profusely. Faire — le tabac; to heat tobacco. Faire —; (fig.) to try any one’s patience; to sicken any one.

suer, v.a., to sweat. — sang et eau; to toil and moil, to strain every nerve.

suerie (sû-rî), n.f., drying-place (for tobacco).

suette, n.f., sweating sickness. — miliaire; miliary fever.

sueur, n.f., sweat, perspiration; sweating. pl., labor, toil, pains. — rentrée; (med.) suppressed perspiration. À la — de; by the sweat of.

suffire (suffisant, suffi), v.n., to suffice, to be sufficient, to be enough; to be adequate, to be equal to. Le peu que j’ai me suffit; the little I have is sufficient for, or suffices, me. Qu’il vous suffise que; let it suffice you that. Il suffit que vous le disiez pour que je le croie; your saying so is sufficient for me to believe it. On ne peut pas — à tout; it is impossible to provide for everything, to attend to everything, to guard against everything. Suffit, cela suffit!; enough, that’s enough, no more! À chaque jour suffit sa peine; sufficient for the day is the evil thereof.

se suffire, v.r., to support one’s self, to keep one’s self, to provide for one’s self; to find resources in one’s self.

suffisamment (-za-mān), adv., sufficiently, enough.

suffisance, n.f., sufficiency, competency, adequacy; ☉ability; conceit, pride, presumption; self-sufficiency, bumptiousness. Avoir — de vivres; to have provisions enough. À —, en —; sufficiently, enough. Un air de —; a self-conceited air.

suffisant, -e, adj., sufficient, enough; consequential, conceited, self-sufficient, stuck up.

suffisant, n.m., -e, n.f., self-conceited person, bumptious, stuck-up person.

suffixe, n.m., (gram.) suffix.

suffocant, -e, adj., suffocating, choking, stifling.

suffocation, n.f., suffocation, choking, stifling.

suffoquer, v.a., to suffocate, to stifle, to choke.

suffoquer, v.n., to suffocate, to stifle, to choke. — de rage, de colère; to be choking with rage, with anger.

suffragant, n. and adj. m., suffragan.

suffrage, n.m., suffrage, vote; approbation, commendation, support. — universel; manhood suffrage.

suffumigation, n.f., (med.) suffumigation.

suffusion, n.f., (med.) suffusion.

suggérer (sug-jé-), v.a., to suggest, to hint, to intimate. Se —; to be suggested.

suggestion (sug-jès-ti-on), n.f., (b.s.) suggestion, hint, instigation, intimation; inspiration.

suicide, n.m., suicide, self-murder; self-destruction; (pers.) suicide, self-murderer; (jur.) (pers.) felo de se.

suicidé, n.m., -e, n.f., self-murderer, suicide.

se suicider, v.r., to commit suicide, to make away with one’s self.

suie, n.f., soot.

suif, n.m., tallow; candle-grease; (nav.) coat, stuff. Donner un — à quelqu’un; (pop.) to blow up any one, to give a good blowing up to. Donner un — à un vaisseau; (nav.) to pay a ship. Pain de —; crackling.

suifer, v.a., to tallow; (nav.) to pay a ship.

suifeu-x, -se, adj., tallowy, greasy.

sui generis, adj., sui generis, of its own particular kind.

suint, n.m., grease; yolk (of wool).

suintement (suint-mān), n.m., oozing, ooze, sweating, leaking.

suinter, v.n., to ooze, to leak, to run.

suisse, n.m., Swiss; head porter (of a mansion); beadle (of a church); (mam.) ground squirrel.

suissesse, n.f., Swiss woman.

suite, n.f., rest; retinue, train, attendance, attendants; sequel; continuation; series, succession; connection, order; set; consequence, result, progress, course; consistency, coherence. À la —; after, behind; (mil.) on half-pay, honorary. Dans la —; eventually, afterwards. — de médailles; set of medals. Cela peut avoir de fâcheuses —s; that may be attended with disagreeable consequences. Sans —; unconnected; unattended. N’avoir pas de —s; to have no bad consequences; to have no coherence; to have no relatives; not to be followed up. N’avoir pas d’esprit de —; not to be consistent; to keep at nothing long. Donner — à; to follow up, to carry out, to proceed with. Propos sans —; desultory talk. Faire — à; to be a continuation of, to follow. De —; one after another, consecutively, following. Tout de —; immediately, at once. Et ainsi de —; and so forth, and so on. La — au prochain numéro; to be continued (of stories).

suivant, prep., according to, agreeably to; in the opinion of, in pursuance of, conformably to.

suivant que, conj., as, according as.

suivant, -e, adj., next, following, succeeding, subsequent, ensuing.

suivant, n.m., -e, n.f., follower, attendant; near relation. —e; waiting-maid; lady’s maid; (thea.) chambermaid.

suiver, v.a., to tallow. V. suifer.

suivi, -e, part., followed; connected; consistent, coherent, regular; constant, sought after, popular. Discours bien —; coherent discourse.

suivre (suivant, suivi), v.a., to follow, to go after, to come after, to go next, to be next, to come next; to pursue; to attend, to go with, to accompany; to attend; to follow; to observe; (nav.) to hug (the coast); to give way to, to indulge. — de près, — de loin; to follow close, to follow at a distance. — son chemin; to go one’s way. — le barreau; to follow the profession of the law. — la mode; to follow the fashion. — sa pointe; to pursue one’s end. Faire —; to have (a person) followed; to send on, to be forwarded (of letters, etc.); (com.) to charge forward.

se suivre, v.r., to follow each other, to succeed each other; to be connected, to be continuous.

suivre, v.n., to follow, to go after, to come after; to pay attention; to attend, to result, to ensue. Faites —; (print.) run on. À —; (of articles or stories) to be continued.

sujet, -te, n. and adj., subject (to); subjected, amenable (to), liable (to), exposed (to); apt (to), addicted (to), inclined (to). — aux lois; amenable to the laws. — à caution; not to be trusted, not trustworthy, suspicious, not to be relied upon. Être — à l’heure; to be tied to time.

sujet, -te, n.m.f., subject; person, individual; cause, reason; matter, motive, occasion, ground, account; theme, argument, topic; (hort.) stock. J’ai — de me plaindre; I have reason to complain. S’éloigner de son —; to wander from one’s subject. Mauvais —; worthless fellow, scamp, bad lot. Petit mauvais —; little rascal (of children).

sujétion, n.f., subjection, dependence, constraint.

sulfate, n.m., (chem.) sulphate.

sulfaté, -e, adj., (chem.) sulphatic, sulphated.

sulfhydrate, n.m., (chem.) hydrosulphate.

sulfhydrique, adj., (chem.) hydrosulphuric.

sulfite, n.m., (chem.) sulphite.

sulfuration, n.f., (chem.) sulphuration.

sulfure, n.m., (chem.) sulphuret.

sulfuré, -e, adj., (chem.) sulphureted.

sulfureu-x, -se, adj., sulphurous, sulphureous, sulphury.

sulfurique, adj., (chem.) sulphuric.

sultan, n.m., sultan; scent-satchel, scent-basket.

sultanat, n.m., sultanate.

sultane, n.f., sultana, sultaness; Turkish man-of-war.

sultanin, n.m., sultanin (Turkish coin).

sumac, n.m., sumac-tree; sumac.

sund (le), n.m., The Sound (between Denmark and Sweden).

sunnite, n.m. V. schiite.

super (su-pé), v.n., (nav.) to be stopped up.

superbe (-pèrb), n.m. and adj., (Bibl.) proud, haughty man; proud, arrogant; superb, splendid; gorgeous, stately; lofty; supercilious, vainglorious. Dieu résiste au —; God resisteth the proud. Un — tableau; a splendid painting. Un dîner —; a splendid dinner. Meubles —s; gorgeous furniture.

superbe (-pèrb), n.f., arrogance, haughtiness, vainglory.

superbement (-pèr-), adv., proudly, arrogantly; sumptuously, splendidly; loftily.

supercherie (-pèr-), n.f., deceit, fraud, trickery.

superfétation (-pèr-), n.f., superfetation; superfluity.

superficie (-pèr-), n.f., superficies, surface; area.

superficiel, -le (-pèr-), adj., superficial, shallow.

superficiellement (su-pèr-fi-si-èl-mān), adv., superficially.

superfin, -e (-pèr-), adj., superfine.

superfin (-pèr-), n.m., superfine quality, superfluity, excess.

superflu, -e (-pèr-), adj., superfluous, exuberant, needless, unnecessary.

superflu (-pèr-), n.m., superfluity, excess.

superfluité (-pèr-), n.f., superfluity.

supérieur, -e, n. and adj., superior, upper, higher. Les classes —es; the higher classes. Être — aux événements; to rise superior to events.

supérieurement (-eur-mān), adv., in a superior manner, in a superior degree, superlatively well, uncommonly well, capitally.

supériorité, n.f., superiority.

superlati-f, -ve (-pèr-), adj., (gram.) superlative.

superlatif (-pèr-), n.m., superlative. Au —; superlatively; (gram.) in the superlative, superlatively. Cet homme est bête au —; that man is stupid to a degree.

superlativement (su-pèr-la-tiv-mān), adv., superlatively.

superposer (-pèr-), v.a., to superpose, to add. Se —; to add itself.

superposition (-pèr-), n.f., superposition.

superpurgation (-pèr-), n.f., superpurgation.

superséder (-pèr-), v.n., (jur.) to postpone, to put off.

superstitieusement (su-pèrs-ti-si-eûz-mān), adv., superstitiously.

superstitieu-x, -se (-pèrs-ti-si-), adj., superstitious; overnice.

superstition (-pèrs-ti-si-), n.f., superstition; overnicety.

superstructure (-pèr-), n.f., superstructure.

supersubstantiel, -le (-pèr-), adj., supersubstantial.

supin, n.m., (gram.) supine.

supinateur, n.m., (anat.) supinator.

supination, n.f., supination.

supplantation, n.f., supplantation.

supplanter, v.a., to supplant; to oust.

suppléance, n.f., substitution, assistantship.

suppléant, n.m., -e, n.f., substitute, assistant, deputy. Juge —; assistant judge.

suppléer, v.a., to supply, to fill up, to make up (what is deficient); to take the place of.

suppléer, v.n., to make up the deficiency; to supply the place. La valeur supplée au nombre; valor makes up for deficiency of numbers.

supplément, n.m., supplement, addition; additional price, extra.

supplémentaire, adj., supplementary, supplemental, additional, extra.

suppléti-f, -ve, adj., suppletory, completing.

suppliant, -e, n. and adj., suppliant, supplicant; beseecher, implorer; supplicating, beseeching, entreating.

supplication, n.f., supplication, entreaty, humble petition.

supplice, n.m., corporal punishment; torment, pain, anguish. Être au —; to be upon the rack, to be on thorns; to be in great pain. Dernier —; capital punishment.

supplicié, n.m., criminal executed.

supplicier, v.a., to put to death, to execute.

supplier, v.a., to beseech, to entreat, to supplicate.

supplique, n.f., petition, request, supplication, prayer, entreaty.

support, n.m., support, prop; assistance; rest, stand, bracket; fulcrum; (carp.) strut; (her.) supporter; (arch.) pillar.

supportable, adj., supportable, bearable, tolerable.

supportablement, adv., tolerably, bearably.

supporter, v.a., to support, to sustain, to uphold; to endure; to suffer, to tolerate, to bear with, to put up with, to stand.

se supporter, v.r., to be supported; to be borne; to be suffered; to bear with one another.

supposable, adj., supposable.

supposé, -e, part., supposed; supposititious, pretended, counterfeit, putative; reputed. — qu’il y consente; suppose, or supposing, he consents to it.

supposer, v.a., to suppose, to grant, to infer, to imply, to forge, to feign; to conjecture. — un testament; to forge a will. — un enfant; to substitute a child, to palm off a child (upon).

suppositi-f, -ve, adj., suppositive.

supposition, n.f., supposition, forgery; substitution. — d’enfant; palming off of a child.

suppositoire, n.m., (med.) suppository.

suppôt, n.m., agent, instrument, tool; (b.s.) abettor; imp (of the devil).

suppressi-f, -ve, adj., suppressive.

suppression, n.f., suppression, concealment.

supprimer, v.a., to suppress, to pass over in silence; to put down, to abolish, to take off, to omit, to cut off or down, to cancel. — des impôts; to take off taxes. — une loi; to abolish a law. Se —; to be suppressed.

suppurati-f, -ve, adj., (med.) suppurative.

suppuratif, n.m., (med.) suppurative.

suppuration, n.f., suppuration.

suppurer, v.n., to suppurate.

supputation, n.f., computation, calculation, supputation, reckoning.

supputer, v.a., to calculate, to compute, to reckon, to suppute.

suprématie (-ci), n.f., supremacy.

suprême, adj., supreme, highest, last. A l’heure —; at the last hour (death).

suprêmement, adv., supremely.

sur, prep., upon, on, over; by; in; about; towards; above; on account of, respecting, concerning; out of. Compter —; to rely on, to make sure of. — un vaisseau; on board a ship. Il l’a mis — son testament; he has put him in his will. N’avoir pas d’argent — soi; to have no money about one. — le soir; towards evening. — la brune; about dusk. — la fin de la semaine; towards the end of the week. — ma parole; upon my word. Il s’excusa — son âge; he excused himself on account of his age. Il prend trop — lui; he undertakes too much or he presumes too much. —-le-champ; immediately. — ces entrefaites; in the meantime. Dix — quinze; ten out of fifteen. — toute chose, — toutes choses; above all, above all things. — le tout; upon the whole; (her.) over all. Donner —; to look out upon. Six pieds — deux; six feet by two.

sur, -e, adj., sour.

sûr, -e, adj., sure, certain; safe, secure; firm, steady, unerring, trustworthy. Je suis — de vous; I can depend on you. Il est — de son fait; he is sure of success, or his doom is sealed. Les chemins sont —s; the roads are safe. Le temps n’est pas —; the weather is uncertain. Il est en lieu —; he is in a place of safety, he is out of harm’s way. C’est un ami —; he is a trusty friend. Ce port est —; this port is safe. À coup —, pour —; surely, for certain, positively, for sure. — comme père et mère; as sure as a gun. — et certain; positive. Peu —; unsafe. Pour le plus —; to be on the safe side.

sûr, adv., surely, certainly, assuredly.

surabondamment (-da-mān), adv., superabundantly.

surabondance, n.f., superabundance.

surabondant, -e, adj., superabundant.

surabonder, v.n., to superabound.

surachat, n.m., overpaying.

suracheter (-ash-té), v.a., to overpay.

suraigu, -ë, adj., (mus.) very high, very shrill.

surajoutement (-joot-mān), n.m., superaddition.

surajouter, v.a., to superadd.

sural, -e, adj., (anat.) sural.

sur-aller, v.n., (hunt.) to go over a track (without pointing) (of a dog).

*sur-andouiller, n.m., (—-—s) (hunt.) sur-antler.

surannation (-an-na-), n.f., expiration.

suranné, -e (-ra-né), part., expired; super-annuated, grown out of date; antiquated.

se suranner (-ra-né), v.r., to be past one year’s date, to expire. [Little used. V. périmer.]

sur-arbitre, n.m., (—-—s) umpire.

surard, adj., of elder-flower. Vinaigre —; elder-flower vinegar.

surate, n.f., surah (of the Koran).

surbaissé, -e, adj., (arch.) surbased, elliptical, overhanging. Un cintre —; a low overhanging arch.

surbaissement (-bès-mān), n.m., (arch.) surbasement.

surbaisser, v.a., (arch.) to make elliptic.

surbaisser, v.n., to overhang.

surbande, n.f., (surg.) bandage.

surcens (-sans), n.m., (feudalism) lord’s rent.

surcharge, n.f., additional burden; overloading, overcharge; extra weight, overplus; word written over another.

surcharger, v.a., to overload, to overburden, to overcharge, to surcharge; to overtax, to overstock; (fig.) to overwhelm, to weigh down (with); to oppress; to write over words. — de travail; to overwhelm with work. — d’impôts; to overtax.

surchauffer, v.a., to overheat.

surchauffure, n.f., (metal.) overheating.

surchoix, n.m., first, or prime, quality.

surcomposé, -e, adj. and n.m., (gram.) double compound.

surcoupe, n.f., trumping over.

surcouper, v.a., to trump over (at cards).

surcroissance, n.f., outgrowth, overgrowth, excrescence.

surcroît, n.m., superaddition, increase, aggravation, excess. Pour — de malheur; to make it worse or as a crowning misfortune. De —; to boot, in addition.

surcroître, v.n., to grow out (of); to outgrow.

☉surcroître, v.a., to increase beyond measure.

surcuire, v.a., to overbake.

surcuisson, n.f., overbaking.

surdemande, n.f., immoderate demand.

surdent, n.f., irregular tooth; wolf’s tooth (of horses).

surdité, n.f., deafness.

surdoré, -e, part., double-gilt.

surdorer, v.a., to double-gild.

surdos, n.m., loin-strap (of a horse); porter’s pad.

sureau, n.m., elder, elder-tree.

surélever, v.a., to increase the height of; to make higher.

surelle, n.f., (bot.) wood-sorrel.

sûrement (sur-mān), adv., surely, certainly; safely, securely; to be sure.

suréminent, -e, adj., supereminent.

surémission, n.f., (fin.) over-issue.

surenchère, n.f., outbidding, higher bid.

surenchérir, v.n., to outbid, to bid higher.

surenchérisseur, n.m., outbidder.

surérogation, n.f., supererogation.

surérogatoire, adj., supererogatory.

surestarie (-rès-), n.f., (nav., com.) demurrage.

surestimation, n.f., overestimate, overvaluation.

surestimer, v.a., to overestimate, to overvalue.

suret, -te, adj., sourish.

sûreté (sur-té), n.f., safety, surety, security; sureness, warranty. Être en lieu de —; to be out of harm’s way, to be in safe keeping. Mettre en —; to put in safe keeping. Coffre de —; iron chest. Service de —; detective police. Ronde de —; police-round.

surévaluation, n.f., overvaluation, overestimate.

surévaluer, v.a., to overvalue, to overestimate.

surexcitation, n.f., excitement, overexcitement.

surexciter, v.a., to excite, overexcite.

surface, n.f., surface; outside; appearances.

surfaire, v.a., to overcharge, to ask too much for, to overrate, to overpraise; to exaggerate.

surfaix, n.m., surcingle.

surfin, -e, adj., superfine. n.m., superfine quality.

surfleurir, v.n., (bot.) to blow again.

surge, adj. Laine —; raw, unwashed wool; wool in the yolk.

surgeon (-jon), n.m., (hort.) sucker, off-shoot; ☉descendant. ☉— d’eau; natural water-jet.

surgir, v.n., to come to land, to land; to reach (port); to arise, to spring up; to rise into notice. — au port; to come into port. Faire —; to give rise to, to bring about, to cause.

surgissement, n.m., arising, springing up; arriving, landing.

surglacer, v.a., to cover, or coat, with sugar (pastry).

surhaussement (-hôs-mān), n.m., raising; forcing up (prices).

surhausser, v.a., (arch.) to raise; to force up the price of.

surhumain, -e (-mīn, -mè-n), adj., superhuman.

surier, n.m., cork-tree.

surintendance, n.f., superintendence.

surintendant, n.m., superintendent, comptroller, overseer.

surintendante, n.f., superintendent’s wife; lady superintendent.

surjalé, part., (nav.) foul (of anchors).

surjaler or surjauler, v.n., (nav.) to foul (of anchors).

surjaler or surjauler, v.a., (nav.) to raise the anchor to clear its stock.

surjet, n.m., (of seams) whip-stitch, overcasting.

surjeter, v.a., to whip-stitch, to overcast.

surlendemain (-land-min), n.m., next day but one; second day (after); the day after the morrow. Le — de son départ; the second day after his departure.

surlonge, n.f., chuck (of beef).

surlouer, v.a., to let (at an exorbitant rent); to let above value.

surlunaire, adj., superlunar, superlunary.

surmener, v.a., to overdrive, to override; to overwork; (fig.) to treat badly, to deal severely with (pers.).

surmesure, n.f., over-measure.

surmeule, n.f., runner-stone (of a mill).

surmontable, adj., surmountable, superable.

surmonter, v.a., to surmount; to overcome, to conquer, to subdue; to outdo, to surpass; to rise above (of fluids). — sa colère; to subdue one’s anger.

surmonter, v.n., to rise above (of fluids).

surmoule, n.m., cast taken on one of plaster.

surmouler, v.a., to make a cast on a figure or ornament.

surmoût, n.m., new wort (of wine).

surmulet, n.m., (ich.) surmullet, grey mullet.

surmulot, n.m., surmulot, Norway rat.

surnager, v.n., to float on the surface; to survive, to remain; to hold one’s ground.

surnaturalité, n.f., (theol.) supernaturalness.

surnaturel, -le, adj., supernatural, preternatural.

surnaturel, n.m., supernatural.

surnaturellement (-rèl-mān), adv., supernaturally, preternaturally.

surnom (-non), n.m., surname, cognomen.

surnommer, v.a., to surname.

surnuméraire, n.m. and adj., supernumerary.

surnumérariat, n.m., supernumerary time.

suron, n.m., seroon; (bot.) earth-nut.

suros (-rô), n.m., (vet.) splint.

suroxydation, n.f., (chem.) peroxidizing, superoxidation.

suroxyde, n.m., (chem.) peroxide.

suroxyder, v.a., (chem.) to peroxidize.

suroxygéné, -e, adj., (chem.) overcharged with oxygen.

suroxygéner, v.a., to overcharge with oxygen; to superoxygenate.

surpasser, v.a., to surpass, to exceed, to go beyond, to excel, to surmount, to outdo; to astonish, to be taller than. Il me surpasse de trois pouces; he is taller than I am by three inches.

surpaye, n.f., extra pay, additional pay; (mil.) batta.

surpayer, v.a., to overpay.

surpeau, n.f., (l.u.) epidermis. V. épiderme.

surplis, n.m., surplice.

surplomb (-plon), n.m., overhanging (of buildings). Être en —; to overhang. En —; overhanging.

surplomber, v.n., to hang over, to overhang.

surplus, n.m., surplus, surplusage, overplus, remainder, rest, difference. Au —; besides, moreover, in addition to which.

surpoids, n.m., overweight.

surprenant, -e, adj., surprising, astonishing.

surprendre, v.a., to surprise, to take by surprise, to overtake; to deceive, to catch, to overhear; to entrap, to overreach, to intercept; to astonish, to amaze. — une ville; to take a town by surprise. La nuit nous surprit; night overtook us. La pluie me surprit; I was caught in the rain.

se surprendre, v.r., to surprise one’s self; to catch one’s self.

surprise, n.f., surprise; amazement; deceit, deception; surprise-box. Ménager une — à quelqu’un; to prepare a surprise for any one. Revenir de sa —; to recover from one’s surprise.

surproduction, n.f., overproduction.

surrénal, -e, adj., (anat.) suprarenal, surrenal.

sursaturation, n.f., supersaturation.

sursaturer, v.a., to supersaturate.

sursaut, n.m., start. S’éveiller en —; to start up out of one’s sleep, to start up. Eveiller, or réveiller, en —; to startle any one out of his sleep, to awake any one suddenly.

surséance, n.f., suspension.

sursel, n.m., (chem.) supersalt.

sursemer, v.a., to sow over again.

surseoir (sursoyant, sursis), v.a. and n., to suspend, to defer, to delay, to postpone, to put off, to respite.

sursis, n.m., delay, respite, reprieve.

sursolide, n.m. and adj., (alg.) sursolid.

surtare, n.f., (com.) supertare, extra tare.

surtaux, n.m., excessive taxation, overassessment.

surtaxe, n.f., surtax, surcharge, additional tax; extra postage.

surtaxer, v.a., to overtax, to overassess.

surtiré, n.m., (com.) acceptor of a bill; drawee.

surtout, adv., above all, especially, chiefly.

surtout, n.m., light cart; épergne; centre-piece; overcoat.

surusage, n.m., (com.) clough, cloff (allowance).

*surveillance, n.f., superintendence, inspection, supervision.

*surveillant, -e, n. and adj., inspector, overseer, superintendent; vigilant, watchful.

*surveille, n.f. V. avant-veille.

*surveiller, v.a., to superintend, to inspect, to look after, to watch, to have an eye upon.

survenance, n.f., (jur.) unexpected birth; unforeseen arrival.

survenant, -e, n., (jur.) unexpected heir; new-comer, chance guest, chance comer.

survendre, v.a. and n., to overcharge.

survenir, v.n., to supervene, to come on, to take place, to happen unexpectedly, to befall, to arise, to come unexpectedly; to drop in.

survente, n.f., overcharge.

surventer, v.n., (nav.) to blow hard, to blow a gale.

survider, v.a., to partly empty, to lighten (anything).

survie, n.f., survivorship, survival.

survivance, n.f., reversion (of offices); survivorship. De —; reversionary.

survivancier, n.m., reversioner (of offices).

survivant, -e, n. and adj., survivor; surviving.

survivre, v.n., to survive, to outlive, to outlast. — à son père; to outlive one’s father. v.a., to get over an illness, to outlive (a wife, children, etc.).

se survivre, v.r., to live again. Se — à soi-même; to lose one’s faculties, to fall into one’s dotage. Se — dans ses enfants, dans ses ouvrages; to live again in one’s children, in one’s works.

sus, prep., (l.u.) upon, above, afore, fore. Courir — à quelqu’un; to run at, to fall upon, to attack, any one. En —; over and above, in addition, extra, to boot.

sus, int., on! on them! at them!

susceptibilité, n.f., susceptibility, irritability, touchiness, irascibility.

susceptible, adj., susceptible, capable; irascible, easily offended, oversensitive, touchy. Elle est trop —; she takes offense too easily or she is too touchy.

susception, n.f., taking of holy orders; (c.rel.) reception (of the crown, of the cross).

☉suscitation, n.f., instigation, (ant.) suscitation.

susciter, v.a., to raise, to raise up, to start, to set up, to create, to give rise to, to give birth to, to raise against, to stir up, to rouse.

suscription, n.f., superscription, address.

susdénommé, -e, adj., above-mentioned.

susdit, -e, adj., aforesaid.

susénoncé, -e, adj., above-mentioned.

susmentionné, -e, adj., (jur.) above-mentioned.

susnommé, -e, adj., (jur.) above-named.

suspect, -e (-pèk, -t), adj., suspected, suspicious. Cela m’est —; I don’t like the look of it. Vous me seriez — pour cent raisons; there are a hundred reasons for my suspecting you.

suspecter, v.a., to suspect.

se suspecter, v.r., to suspect one another.

suspendre, v.a., to suspend, to hang, to hang up; to stop, to delay. — son travail; to lay aside one’s work, to stay, to postpone, to defer.

se suspendre, v.r., to suspend one’s self.

suspendu, -e, adj., part., suspended, hung up. Pont —; suspension bridge; (of carriages) on springs. Jardins —s; hanging gardens. Jetée —e; chain-pier.

suspens, adj., (eccl.) suspended. Prêtre —; inhibited priest. En —; in suspense; in abeyance; outstanding (of debts).

suspense, n.f., (eccl.) inhibition.

suspenseur, adj., (anat.) suspensory.

suspensi-f, -ve, adj., (gram.) of suspension; (jur.) being a bar to subsequent proceedings.

suspension, n.f., suspension, interruption, discontinuance, cessation.

suspensoir or suspensoire, n.m., (surg.) suspensory bandage, suspensor.

suspente, n.f., (nav.) sling (of a yard).

suspicion, n.f., (jur.) suspicion.

sus-pied, n.m., upper strap (of a spur).

sus-relaté, -e, adj., above mentioned.

susseyer, v.n., to lisp.

sustentation, n.f., sustentation, sustenance.

sustenter, v.a., to sustain, to support, to maintain.

se sustenter, v.r., to maintain one’s self, to support one’s self.

susurration (su-sur-ra-), n.f., susurration, whispering, chirping, buzzing, soft murmur; soughing (of the wind).

☉susurrer (su-sur-ré), v.n., to murmur softly, to whisper. V. chuchoter.

suttee or suttie, n.f., (—) suttee.

suture, n.f., (anat.) suture; (bot.) seam; joint.

suturer, v.n., to suture, to join.

suzerain, -e (suz-rin, -rè-n), n. and adj., suzerain, lord paramount; paramount, sovereign.

suzeraineté (suz-rè-n-té), n.f., suzerainty.

svelte, adj., light, slender, slim; elegant.

sybarite, n.m.f. and adj., Sybarite; Sybaritic (very particular, fond of good living).

sycomore, n.m., (bot.) sycamore.

sycophante, n.m., sycophant, knave; rogue, impostor.

syllabaire (sil-la-), n.m., spelling-book.

syllabe (sil-lab), n.f., syllable.

syllabique (sil-la-), adj., syllabic, syllabical.

syllabiquement (sil-la-), adv., syllabically.

syllabisation (sil-la-), n.f., syllabication.

syllabus (sil-la-), n.m., (—) (c.rel.) syllabus.

syllepse (sil-lèps), n.f., (gram.) syllepsis; substitution.

syllogisme (sil-lo-), n.m., syllogism.

syllogistique (sil-lo-), adj., syllogistic, syllogistical.

sylph-e, n.m., -ide, n.f., sylph.

sylvain, n.m., sylvan.

sylvane, n.f., sylvanite.

sylvatique, adj., sylvatic.

sylves, n.f.pl., sylvæ, collection of poetical works.

sylvestre, adj., wild, sylvan, growing in woods.

sylvicole, adj., living in woods.

sylviculture, n.f., sylviculture, forestry.

sylvie, n.f., (orni.) sylvia, warbler.

symbole, n.m., symbol, sign, emblem; creed. — des Apôtres; Apostles’ creed.

symbolique, adj., symbolic, symbolical, typical.

symboliser, v.n., to symbolize.

symbolisme, n.m., (philos.) symbolism.

symétrie, n.f., symmetry.

symétrique, adj., symmetrical.

symétriquement (-trik-mān), adv., symmetrically.

symétriser, v.n., to symmetrize, to harmonize.

sympathie, n.f., sympathy, fellow-feeling, harmony (in colors).

sympathique, adj., sympathetic, congenial.

sympathiser, v.n., to sympathize.

symphonie, n.f., symphony.

symphoniste, n.m., symphonist.

symphyse, n.f., (anat.) symphysis.

symposiaque, n.m., symposiac.

symptomatique, adj., symptomatic.

symptomatologie, n.f., symptomatology.

symptôme, n.m., symptom, indication, sign, token.

synagogue (-gog), n.f., synagogue.

synalèphe, n.f., (gram.) synalepha.

synallagmatique, adj., (jur.) (of a contract) synallagmatic, reciprocal.

synanthéré, -e, adj., (bot.) synantherous.

synanthérées, n.f.pl., (bot.) compositæ.

synanthérie, n.f. V. syngénésie.

synarthrose, n.f., (anat.) synarthrosis.

synchondrose (-kon-), n.f., (anat.) synchondrosis.

synchrone (-krô-n), adj., (phys.) synchronical.

synchronique, adj., (hist.) synchronical.

synchroniser, v.a., to synchronize.

synchronisme, n.m., synchronism.

synchyse (-kiz), n.f., (gram.) synchysis.

syncope, n.f., (med.) syncope, swoon, fainting fit; (mus.) syncopation, syncope; (gram.) syncope.

syncopé, -e, adj., syncopated.

syncoper, v.n., (gram., mus.) to syncopate.

syncrétisme, n.m., syncretism.

syndérèse, n.f., (rel.) remorse, sting of conscience.

syndic, n.m., syndic, trustee, assignee. — d’office; official assignee.

syndical, adj., pertaining to a syndic. Chambre —e; syndics, council, committee.

syndicat, n.m., syndicate. — de faillite; commission in bankruptcy.

se syndiquer, v.r., to form a syndicate.

synecdoche or synecdoque, n.f., (rhet.) synecdoche.

synérèse, n.f., (gram.) synæresis.

synévrose, n.f., (anat.) synneurosis.

syngénésie, n.f., (bot.) syngenesia.

syngnathe, n.m., (ich.) syngnathus, horn-fish, sea-needle.

synodal, -e, adj., synodic, synodal.

synodalement (-dal-mān), adv., synodically.

synode, n.m., synod.

synodique, adj., synodic, synodical.

synonyme, n.m. and adj., synonym; synonymous.

synonymie, n.f., synonymy.

synonymique, adj., pertaining, relating to synonymy, synonymous.

synopse, n.f., synopsis of the Gospel.

synoptique, adj., synoptic, synoptical.

synoque, n.f., synocha.

synovial, -e, adj., (anat.) synovial.

synovie, n.f., (anat.) synovia.

syntaxe, n.f., syntax.

syntaxique, adj., syntactic, syntactical.

synthèse, n.f., synthesis, composition.

synthétique, adj., synthetic, synthetical.

synthétiquement, adv., synthetically.

syphilis (-liss), n.f., syphilis.

syphilitique, adj., syphilitic.

syphon, n.m. V. siphon.

syriaque, n.m. and adj., Syriac.

syrien, -ne (-ri-īn, -è-n), n. and adj., Syrian.

syringa, n.m., (bot.) syringa, lilac.

syringotome, n.m., (surg.) instrument to perform syringotomy.

syringotomie, n.f., (surg.) syringotomy.

syrop. V. sirop.

syrtes, n.f.pl., quicksands.

systaltique, adj., (physiology) systaltic.

systématique, adj., systematic, systematical.

systématiquement (-tik-mān), adv., systematically.

systématiser, v.a., to systematize.

systématiseur, n.m., systematizer.

système, n.m., system, plan, policy. Par —; systematically.

systole, n.f., (anat., gram.) systole.

systolique, adj., systolic.

systyle, n.m. and adj., (arch.) systyle.

syzygie, n.f., (astron.) syzygy.