Exercise XV.
Why do you open the door?—Do you not see how it smokes here?—I see it, but you must open the window instead of opening the door—The window does not open easily; that is the reason why I open the door—When will you shut it?—I will shut it as soon as the smoke is gone—Is it useful to speak much?—When we wish to learn a foreign language it is useful to speak a great deal—Is it as useful to write as to speak?—It is more useful to speak than to write; but in order to learn a language one must do both—Is it useful to write all that one says?—That is useless—Where did you take this book from?—I took it out of the room of your friend—Is it right to take the books of other people?—It is not right, I know; but I wanted it, and I hope that your friend will not be displeased, for I will return it to him as soon as I have read it.
Sixteenth Lesson
Of the Particles Pa and Iga.
PA.
The particle Pa which is also an adverb of time and mood, and signifies yet, still, notwithstanding, has a very important place in the Bisaya dialect, and is sometimes used only redundantly, to give more force to the sentence.
For the benefit of learners, we shall explain it here, before speaking of the verbals particles to which is joined to form the sentences.
l.a Before some verbs has the signification of to wish, to try, to desire and to allow that the signification of the root may take place on the subject, as:
| The haughty wishes to be requested by everybody. | Ang palabilabihon pa-ampo guihapon. |
| Father, give me only the Extremaunction. | Pahilog lamang acó, Pare. |
| I want to have some money so as to buy a fine shirt, and they give me not, for they say, it is vanity. | Pahatag man acó ug salapi nga igapalit co ug usá ca maanindat nga sinina, ug dili acó taga-an cay parayeg conó. |
2.a Before nouns of place signifies to go there, as:
| Where are you going? | ¿Asa icao paingon? |
| I turn to home. | Pauli acó sa amo. |
| Where will you go, when you die? | Sa pagcamatay mo, asa icao pa-ingon? |
| I shall ascend into heaven. | Palangit acó gayud. |
3.a It is employed also as a joining conjunction, and in this case, is used to exaggerate the phrase, placing the thing or the object refers to, before; thus:
| You also deceive me? | Icao pa nagalimbong canaco? |
| He is a gambler and thief. | Sia sugarol man ug caoatan pa. |
| He is sick and does play. | Nagalingaolingao sia ug nasaquit pa man. |
4.a Bisan pa ngani, answers to the English conjunctions though, notwithstanding, for all that &.
Ex:
| Although they allow me not to play, I will play. | Bisan pa ngani dili acó pa sugal nila. musugal acó gayud. |
| Although they may punish me, I will have not answer. | Bisan pa ngani latuson acó nila, dili acó mutingog. |
5.a Serves also to point out the beginning and the end of an action, Ex:
| I was called, when I had just arrived. | Igo pa acó miabut, guitaoag acó nila. |
IGA or ICA.
These particles signify the instrument, tool, or mean with which a thing is done. They answer to the future of the passive mood, Ex:
| This is the axe with which you have to cut the tree. | Mao quini ang oasay nga iga or icaputul mo sa cahuy. |
| But for. | Ug dili pa unta. |
| But for he is a gambler this man would be so good as your brother. | Quining tao maingoningon ug bu-utan sa igsoon mo, ug dili pa unta sia nga sugarol. |
| If you allow me, I will teach you Spanish. | Acoy magato-on canimo ug quinachila, ug tugutan pa acó. |