F.
Fakaofo or Bowditch Is.
Polynesian: dialect of De Peyster’s Is.
Fala, Falantshi, or Falanji.
African: assigned by Barth to Hamarua.
⁂ Judging from Barth’s account, the termination “anji” would seem to mean “tongue”; he gives us instances of similar forms so applied. W. S. W. V. See [Batta].
Falasha.
A dialect of Agaw, spoken by a people, called “Black Jews,” scattered throughout Abyssinia. See D’Abbadie, in “Bulletin de la Soc. de Géog.,” Paris, 1845, and a modern book by Flad.
⁂ Derived from the Hebrew “fallâsi” (root פלש) a “wanderer” or “stranger.” A. H. B.
Fall-Indians.
American: a name for tribes of the Alasar. See [Minetari].
Fallersleben.
A sub-dialect of Low-German. See Hoffmann’s “Mundartliche,” in Spiel’s “Archives,” 1821.
Families of Speech.
A name for primary divisions of languages, classed genealogically. See Dr. Farrar’s book, so called, London, 1870.
Fan.
Dialect of Sanskrit, used by Chinese Buddhists.
⁂ The full term is “Fan-lan-mo,” equivalent for “Brahma” in Chinese. See “Families of Speech,” p. 14.
Fanintshi.
African: assigned by Barth to Hamarua. See [Batta].
Fant or Fante (1).
A name for the Gipsey dialect of Norway.
Fantee or Fanti (2).
African: dialect of the Gold-coast, closely resembling Avekvom, Ashantee, &c. See Kilham’s “Specimens.” Same as the Inta of Bowditch.
Faroer or Faroese.
Teutonic: a sub-dialect of Scandinavian, spoken in the Faroe Is., and closely resembling Icelandic. See [Ferroe].
Farsi or Parsi.
A name for Old Persic, now extinct, but from which modern Persian has been derived.
⁂ It is that stage of the Persian language which followed on the Pehlevi, and prevailed from about A.D. 500 to A.D. 1000. G. R.
Faschetru.
African: a negro dialect of Nubia. See Rifaud: “Tableau de l’Egypte,” Paris, 1830.
Fassa.
Sub-dialect of Italian, spoken in the Tyrol.
Faté.
Polynesian: a dialect of the New Hebrides.
Favorlang.
A dialect of Malay, spoken in Formosa. See Happart: “Dict.,” Batavia, 1840.
Fazoglo.
African: spoken in Kordofan; also called Qamamyl, and somewhat allied to Denka and Shilluk. See Rüppell: “Reisen,” &c.
Feejeean or Fiji.
Language of the Yiti, Figi, Fidjee, or Viji Is. in the S. Pacific; the largest island is called Viti Lebu. See Hazlewood: “Grammar and Dict.,” 1850-2.
⁂ Classed as Malayan; it has sub-dialects, and has been reduced to writing by missionaries. H. C.
Feis.
Dialect of the Carolines. See [Ulea].
Fella, Fellatah, see [Fula].
Felup or Flup.
African: spoken on the R. Gambia. See Park’s “Travels.” Allied to Bagnon, &c.
Fenua.
A dialect of Papuan. In eastern islands, Ennua. W. G.
Fernandian.
African: dialects of Fernando Po, classed by Bleek in the N.W. branch of Bantu. See [Adiyah].
Ferrara.
Sub-dialect of Italian. Vocabulary by Mannini, 1805.
Fertit (Golo).
African: spoken in Kordofan, about 9° or 10° N.L.; it is somewhat allied to Shabun. See Rüppell: “Reisen in Nubien.” See [Kredy].
Fetu.
African: said to be a dialect of Fanti or Inta. H. C. See [Afudu].
Fiaka.
Sub-dialect of Aino or Kurilian.
Fico, see California, Lower.
Fidah, see [Widah].
Fiji, see [Feejeean].
Filani.
African: Haussa name for Fula.
Finnic, Finnish, or Finlandish.
Agglutinative; the typical language of the Chudic, or Tschoudic family of Turanian; it is the native dialect of Finland, a grand duchy of European Russia, N. of the Baltic; it is, like Turkish, Tatar, and Moghol, classed as Alatyan, but largely influenced by Swedish and Russian. See Kellgren: “Die Grundzüge der Finnischen Sprache,” Berlin, 1847.
⁂ Dialects are (1) Province of Abo, (2) Tavastrian, (3) Karelian, (4) Olonetsian, (5) Vadialaiset. See [Suomelaiset].
Firokana.
The name of an alphabetic character used by the Japanese.
Flash.
A name for Cant or Slang, derived, it is said, from a village so named in Staffordshire, but see the Swiss “flatschen,” “flatzgen.” Vocabularies in “The Scoundrel’s Dictionary” and “Life of James Hardy Vaux.”
Flat-bow.
A name for the Kútani tribes of N. American Indians. See Vocaby., “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 97.
Flat-head, see [Selish].
Flemish.
A dialect of Platt-Deutsch or Low-German, spoken in Flanders and other provinces of Belgium; it is closely allied to Dutch, and of cognate origin with Anglo-Saxon. See Van de Velde et Sleeckx: “Dict. Fr.-Flamand et Fl.-Fr.,” 2 vols., Bruxelles, 1848-51.
⁂ Classed as Netherlandish, and closely allied to Holland. Its chief variations consist in the introduction of French roots (Walloon or Welsh). It has an ancient and a modern literature. H. C.
Flores.
Sub-dialects of Malay, vernacular in the I. of Flores or Mangeylo, and closely allied to Bima. It is also called Ende.
Flup, see [Felup].
Fobi.
African: dialect of the Soudan, lying N. of the Dagwamba.
Fokien.
A provincial dialect of Chinese.
Fonofo.
A sub-dialect of Papuan.
Foo-Chow.
A local dialect of Chinese. Dict. by Maclay and Baldwin.
Formosan.
Dialect of Malay, vernacular in Tae-wan or Taiouan, called Formosa, an island near the E. coast of China.
Fot.
African: dialect of the W. See Kilham’s “Specimens.”
Fotuna.
Polynesian: mixed dialect vernacular in the New Hebrides. W. G.
Fox-Indians.
American: name for the Kikkapu Indians.
Fox Is., see [Unalaskhan].
Franche-comte.
A patois of French. “Essai” par de Brun et Petit-Benoist, Besançon, 1755.
Franconian.
Teutonic: a sub-dialect of Old High-German.
Frangi.
Lesgian: sub-dialect of Kasi-Kamuk.
⁂ A Caucasian dialect along the R. Terek. W. S. W. V.
Frank or Frankisch.
Teutonic: a dialect of Germanic, classed as Middle-High-German, spoken by tribes of Franks who were the founders of the French Monarchy. See [French].
French.
A language derived directly from the Latin, as adopted by the Romanised Celts of ancient Gaul, and subsequently intermingled with the Teutonic dialects of Frankish and other Allemanic invaders, whence the name. It is the vernacular tongue of the modern European state known as France, and one of the most polished languages of the Universe. Migne: “Dict. de Linguistique,” folios 1018-21, quotes eighty-seven specimens from sub-dialects, called patois. “Dict. de l’Académie,” 2 vols., Paris; Fleming and Tibbins: “Royal Dict.,” 2 vols., Paris, 1866-7; Littré: “Histoire, Etudes, Dictionnaire,” &c. ☞
French, Old.
A sub-dialect of Langue d’oïl, formerly vernacular in the I. de France. See Orelli: “Altfranzösische Grammatik,” &c., Zürich, 1848. ☞
Fribourg.
A patois or sub-dialect of the French Rhenish provinces. Gaudy-Lefort: “Notice,” &c., in “Jnl. de Genève,” 1826.
Friendly Vill.
American: dialect of Billechoola, Salmon R.
Frisco Bay.
African: a Kru and Grebo dialect of the W.
Frisian (Friesisch).
Teutonic: the ancient dialect of Friesland, on the German Ocean, now partly submerged, or annexed by Holland and Prussia; it belongs to the Low-German branch, and is closely allied to Anglo-Saxon. It still survives as one of the local dialects of the Netherlands.
⁂ It is divided into three branches, viz.: 1, Batavian-Frisic, the most resembling Anglo-Saxon; 2, Westphalian-Frisic; 3, N. Frisic, the dialects of Heligoland, Schleswig, &c. See Richthofen: “Alt-F. Wörterbuch,” Göttingen, 1840: Rask: “Friesische Sprachlehre,” Freiburg, 1834. ☞
Fuca Strait.
American: dialect of the N.W. coast. See “Archæol. Am.,” vol. ii., p. 378.
⁂ Straits of S. Juan de Fuca, probably Oregones. W. S. W. V.
Fuegian.
Language of Tierra del Fuego, S. America.
⁂ Classed as Pygmean; it has two dialects, the Alikulip and Tekeenica. H. C. See [Pescherai].
Fula, Fulah, or Fulfelde.
African: the chief language on the W.; it is allied to Mandingo. See Macbrair and Norris: “Grammar,” London, 1854; Clarke’s “Dialects,” p. 6.
⁂ This word is also glossed as “Fella”; it is probably a variant of the Greek word “πελλός,” “dark,” “swarthy,” “black.” See [Peul].
Fungi.
African: name for the Shilluk.
Furian.
African: dialect of Dar-Foor or Dar-fur. See Rüppell’s “Reisen.”
⁂ Allied to the Akush of the Caucasus. H. C.
Futhorc.
Name for the Runic alphabets, taken from the first six letters, viz.: “Fe,” “Ur,” “Thurs,” “Os,” “Reid,” “Kaun.”
ADDENDA.
Felipe, San, see [Pueblo].
Fellahin.
Arabic: plural of “fallah,” “a farmer,” or properly “a ploughman”; from the root “falh,” “ploughing or cleaving.” A. H. B.
Fenic, see [Irish].
Feringee, Ferhengi.
Asiatic term for Europeans of doubtful etymology. Cf. Frank, Varangian, and Frängi.
Ferroe.
Same as Faroer. See Bosworth’s A. S. Dicty., ed. 1838, p. 161. W. W. S.
Florentine.
Romance: dialect of Florence in Italy.
Freiburg.
Teutonic: High-German of Switzerland. See Schreiber’s “Freiburg im Breisgau,” 1825.
Friendly Is., see [Tongan].
Fukien, see [Fokien].
Funge.
African: name for a population of Sennaar. H. C.
Furbesco.
Italian: term for cant or slang. “Trattato,” &c., Pisa, 1828.