IV.
OBSERVATIONS on the ITINERARY.
IN my former papers I discoursed to the Society, first, in rehearsal of the memoirs we can recover concerning Richard of Cirencester, and of his writings.
I gave an account of the most excellent Map of Roman Britain, prefixed to the Treatise we are upon. This not only enables us to fix many places and stations, which before now we could do only by mere conjecture, and etymology of names, and the like; but further, it gives us 100 places not hitherto known, so much as in name.
Come we now to treat on the Itinerary, comprised in 18 Iters, which traverse the island of Britain all manner of ways, in the nature of that we call Antoninus’s Itinerary; with the intermediate miles between every station: to which I have assigned the respective modern names of the places, to the best of my knowledge.
This Itinerary of our author is far more copious than that of Antoninus: especially it takes in the whole kingdom of Scotland, that country reduced by the valiant Agricola, and called by him Vespasiana, when made a province, in honour to the reigning emperor’s father: it took him up seven whole years to complete this great conquest: and one of our Iters extends from Alata castra, Inverness, to the Land’s End in Cornwall.
From due consideration we have reason to believe, this Itinerary of our author’s, as to the original plan, is no other than that of Agricola. After he was recalled by Domitian, about A. D. 85. to Hadrian’s time, Britain was neglected, Agricola’s cities in Scotland overthrown, his castles dismantled; so that Tacitus well says, Perdomita Britannia et statim amissa: he means only Scotland subdued by Agricola; for four legions remained in that part we call England, to keep it in subjection till Hadrian came.
To our itinerary alone, and the Map, are we indebted for the knowledge of the stations in Scotland: so that we must conclude, he had sight of manuscripts and rolls which were written in that time; whether in the libraries at Rome, or in the monastic libraries of Britain, we know not: but from the same libraries Antoninus’s Itinerary, and the like monuments of learned antiquity, were taken.
It would seem that Whittichind, the Saxon author, had seen such like works as our Richard perused; he writes, that Britain was divided into provinces by Vespasian.
Richard writes expresly, that he copied some papers transmitted to posterity by a Roman general, who probably was Agricola; he had some informations from certain religious of his order, who had been in Scotland.
He learnt what he writes on Caledonia, from British merchants. Again, speaking of Glevum, Gloucester, he says, it is a Roman colony, constituted by Claudius, ut scriptores de istis temporibus affirmant; so that he omitted no kind of means to acquire knowledge of the British geography.
In medio, ad fines, ad Itunam flu. ad montem Grampium, Herirus mons, Alpes Pennini, ad Pontem, ad Murum, ad Vallum; a very great number of these, and the like, being recited, intimate the high antiquity of the Itinerary; that the roads were generally made, or marked out; but towns, cities, castles, not then built, only some inns, for present conveniency. Especially we see this in Scotland, a good way on the sea-coast northerly, and remarkably in the IXth Iter; ad Tavum, ad Æsicam, ad Tinam, ad Itunam, ad montem Grampium, ad Selinam; and in the map these rivers are named, and the Grampian mountain, without a town’s name annexed, as then not fully built; and probably that country was left by the Romans before the towns were built, the Romans having chiefly strong camps by the rivers. We may reasonably hence judge, the original itinerary and map, which our Richard copied, was constructed in Agricola’s time; though afterward additions were made to it.
We see likewise this method of nomination used in other more distant parts, as Herirus mons in Wales, Alpes pennini in the mountainous tract of Lancashire.
In Iter IV. Ad Tisam amnem, Ad Murum, Ad Alaunam flu. Ad Tuedam flu. Ad Vallum.
In Iter XI. Ad Alone, Ad Sabrinam, Tibia amnis, Ad Vigesimum lapidem, &c.
In Iter XV. Ad Lapidem, Ad Decimum lapidem, where only mile-stones are named; and the remains of this manner of denomination are left in the English names Stoneham, Stone, Stanefield, Stanwic, Stanton, and the like.
We learn to correct many words in our geography, which before were not truly wrote: for instance, Bannavenna, Towcester, sometimes Benavona, Bennaventa, which words have no meaning, is really Isannavaria, ill placed at Weedon, or rather Isantavaria; which words are easily deduced from the British.
I judge it will be a matter useful to the Studious in this kind of learning, to collect into one general Index all the names of places, hitherto recited in the Map and Itinerary, with the annexed asterisc, denoting those names, which are new, or better placed than in former books, or of new denomination; to which we must add those recited in his VIth chapter of the Chorography of Britain. This contains above 100 names not found in my friend Mr. Baxter’s Glossarium Brittanicum; who has collected all the names we before knew; and this present must justly be esteemed the noblest monument of antient Britain.
| * | Abona flu. of Caledonia, Frith of Dournach, in the Highlands. |
| * | Abus, the Humber. |
| Abona, r. Avon of Bristol and Bath, Primæ. | |
| Acmodæ isles. | |
| * | Ad Abum, Wintringham, Lincolnshire. |
| * | Ad Alaunam, r. Alnwic, by the Wall, Northumberland. |
| * | Ad Alaunam, r. Alone, Lancaster. |
| * | Ad Alone, Abone, on Frome r. by Evershot, Dorsetshire. |
| Ad Ansam, Stretford-street, Suffolk, Ad Sturium, fl. | |
| * | Ad Fines Brigantes inter et Coritanos, Gravesborough by Rotheram, West-riding, Yorkshire. |
| * | Ad Æsicam. |
| * | Ad Antonam, Evesham, Worcestershire. |
| * | Ad Aquas, Wells, Somersetshire. |
| * | Ad Durium amnem. |
| * | Ad Fines Trinobantes inter et Cenomanos, Roiston, Hertfordshire. |
| * | Ad Itunam. |
| * | Ad Decimum, sc. lapidem. |
| * | Ad Fines Maximam inter et Flaviam, Stretford on Mersey, in Lancashire. |
| * | Ad Lapidem, Stoneham. |
| * | Ad Lemanum, r. old Romney. |
| * | Ad Montem Grampium. |
| * | Ad Murum, Newcastle on Tyne. |
| * | Ad Tines, Rochester, by Redesdale, on r. N. Tyne. |
| * | Ad Tisam, fl. Peirsebridge, Yorkshire, Ovynford. |
| * | Ad Pontem, Bridgeford, Nottinghamshire. |
| * | Ad Selinam. |
| * | Ad Sabrinam, fl. Awst. |
| * | Ad Tavum, fl. |
| * | Ad Tinam, fl. |
| * | Ad Tuedam, fl. Berwick. |
| * | Ad Vigesimum, sc. lapidem, Narbath-castle. |
| * | Ad Uxellam amnem. |
| * | Ad Trivonam, fl. Burton upon Trent. |
| * | Ad Vallum, Antonini, Falkirk. |
| * | Ad Sturiam, fl. Stretford-street, Ad Ansam, Suffolk. |
| * | Ælia Castra, Aldcester by Biceter, Oxfordshire. |
| Æsica, r. of Vecturiones. | |
| Agelocum, Littleborough on Trent Nottinghamshire. | |
| * | Alata Castra, Inverness, Vacomagorum Metropolis, Latio jure donata, Pteroton. |
| Alcluith, ad lacum Lincalidor, Theodosia. | |
| * | Alpes Pennini, Pendleton, Pendlebury, Lancashire. |
| * | Alpes, hills of Lothlers, Valentiæ, Scotland. |
| Alauna, Sterling, Horestiorum urbs. | |
| Alauna, r. Aylmouth, Awn. Northumberland. | |
| * | Alauna, r. Lune of Lancaster, Maximæ. |
| * | Alauna, Alcester upon Arrow, Dobunorum urbs, Flaviæ, Warwickshire. |
| Alauna, r. by Blandford, Dorsetshire. | |
| * | Alicana, Shipton by Craven, Yorkshire. |
| * | Albanii, Broadalbin, Scotland. |
| Albani, by Lorn, Scotland. | |
| Antona, r. Avon of Northampton, Nen. | |
| Antona, r. Winchester, Hants. | |
| * | Anderida Portus, Newhaven, Sussex. |
| Anderida Sylva, Caledonia, Sussex. | |
| Anterii, Ireland. | |
| Anterium Metropolis, there. | |
| Andros, isle. | |
| Antivestæum, prom. Penros, Cornwall. | |
| * | Artavia, Tintagel, Cornwall. |
| * | Aquæ, Buchan, Scotland. |
| Aquæ Solis, colonia, Thermæ, Bath. | |
| Ariconium, Kenchester, of Silures, Secundæ, Herefordshire. | |
| * | Aræ finium imperii Romani, Chanery in the Highlands. |
| Argitta, r. of Rhobogdii, Ireland. | |
| Atlanticus Oceanus, the Atlantic Ocean. | |
| * | Attacotti, Lochabar, of Vespasiana. |
| Atrebates, Berkshire. | |
| Avalonia, Heduorum urbs, Glasenbury. | |
| Aufona, r. of Northampton, Naina, Nen. | |
| Ausoba Sinus, Ireland. | |
| Banna, r. of Rhobogdii, Ireland. | |
| * | Banatia, Lochabar by Fort-William, Vacomagi. |
| Banchorium, Bonium, of Carnabii, Banchor, Flintshire. | |
| Benonæ, of Carnabii, Cleycester, Highcross, Northamptonsh. | |
| Belisama, r. Rible, Maximæ Cæsariensis, Lancashire. | |
| Belgæ, Somersetshire. | |
| Beregonium, Valentiæ, Dunstafag, in Lorn. | |
| * | Berigonius Sinus, by Cantyre, Scotland. |
| Bibroci, or Rhemi, Berkshire. | |
| * | Bibrax, Bibracte, of Bibroci, Bibrocum, Madanhead, Bray, Berks. |
| Blestium, Oldcastle on Hescol r. Scotland, Blescium. | |
| Boduni, Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire, Worcestershire. | |
| Bolerium, prom. Primæ, St. Ive’s, Cornwall. | |
| Bodotria, Bodoria, Æstuarium, Frith of Forth, Scotland. | |
| Bonium, Banchorium, Banchor, Flintshire. | |
| Bovium, Boverton, Glamorganshire. | |
| Brangonium, Worcester. | |
| Brannogenium, Oxfordshire, Flaviæ, of Ordovices, or Dobuni. | |
| Branavis, Banbury. | |
| Bremenium, Rochester, Northumberland, capital of Ottodini, stipendiaria. | |
| * | Bremenium, Birmingham, Warwickshire. |
| Brigantes, Yorkshire. | |
| Brigantes, Ireland. | |
| Brigas, Ireland. | |
| Brigantia, Ireland. | |
| Brigantium, Isurium, Aldborough, Yorkshire. | |
| * | Brigantum extrema, prom. Flamborough-head, Yorkshire. |
| Brige, Bragæ, Broughton, Hampshire. | |
| Brinavis, Banbury, Oxfordsh. | |
| Britannia Prima, Province. | |
| Britannia Secunda, Province. | |
| —— Flavia, Province. | |
| —— Maxima, Province. | |
| —— Valentia, Province, usque ad murum Antonini. | |
| —— Vespasiana, Province, ultra murum Antonini. | |
| Brocavonacis, Brovonacis, Browham, Northumberland. | |
| Bullium, Burrium, Bultrum, Caerphylli castle, Brecknockshire. | |
| Buvinda, r. Ireland. | |
| Caledonia, Province, Highlands. | |
| Caledonia, s. Anderida Sylva, Sussex. | |
| Caledonia Sylva, in the Highlands. | |
| * | Caledoniæ extrema, Dunsby-head, Scotland. |
| Cæsarea insula, Jersey. | |
| Cantæ, Cromarty in the Highlands. | |
| Candida casa, Leucopibia, Whithern in Galway. | |
| * | Carnabii, Sutherland in the Highlands. |
| Caledonii, Inverness county, beyond Varar. | |
| Carnabii, in Staffordshire, Wales, Cheshire, Flaviæ. | |
| Caledonia Sylva, Rockingham forest, Northamptonshire. | |
| Carronacæ, Carnovacæ, Strathnavern in the Highlands. | |
| * | Cattini, Cathness in the Highlands. |
| Cassii, Cateuchlani, Middlesex. | |
| * | Camboritum, colonia, Chesterford, Cambridgeshire. |
| * | Camulodunum, colonia, Colchester, Trinobantum, legio xiv. Gemina, Martia. |
| * | Cambola, r. Padstow haven, Camelford, Cornwall. |
| Caleba Atrebatum metropolis, Wallingford, Berkshire. | |
| * | Cantæ, Cantii, Kent. |
| * | Cantiopolis, Durovernum, Canterbury, metropolis, stipendiaria. |
| Cantium, prom. Kent. | |
| * | Canganus Sinus, by Harley, Carnarvonshire, or Merionidshire. |
| Canganum, prom. Llyn Point, Carnarvonshire. | |
| Cangiani, | |
| * | Canonium, Kelvedon, Essex. |
| Calcaria, Tadcaster, Yorkshire. | |
| Cambodunum, Latio jure donata, Alkmundbury, Yorkshire. | |
| Canovius, r. of Mona isle, Anglesey. | |
| Cassiterides Insulæ, Scilly. | |
| Cataracton, Cataractonium, Latio jure donata, Thornburgh, Catteric, Maximæ. | |
| Cattieuchlani, Cassii, Hertfordshire. | |
| Cauci, Ireland. | |
| Causennis, Stanfeild, Lincolnshire. | |
| * | Cauna Insula, Shepey. |
| Carnabii, Cornwall, | |
| * | Carbanticum, Kirkubright, Treef c. on Dee. |
| * | Cæsaromagus, Chelmsford. |
| Celnius, r. of Vacomagi, Duvern, Scotland. | |
| Cerones, Inverness county, Scotland. | |
| Cenia, Tregeny, Damnoniorum metropolis, Falmouth. | |
| Cenius, r. Falmouth haven, Damnoniorum, by Tregeny. | |
| * | Cenomani, Huntingdonshire, Cambridgeshire, Norfolk, Suffolk. |
| * | Cimbri, Primæ, Somersetshire. |
| * | Clita, r. Secundæ, Clvyd, by St. Asaph. |
| Clausantum, Belgarum, Southampton, metropolis. | |
| Clota insula, Vespasianæ, Arran isle. | |
| Clotta Æstuarium, Valentiæ. | |
| Cluda, r. Cluyd, Clyd. | |
| * | Condate, Northwich, Cheshire. |
| * | Combretonium, Bretenham, Bradfeild Combust, Suffolk. |
| Conovius, r. Canovy, Aberconway, Caernarvonshire. | |
| Concangios, Watercrook by Kendal, Westmorland. | |
| Colanica, Gadanica, Peebles, Valentiæ. | |
| Conovium, Aberconwy. | |
| Concangii, Ireland. | |
| * | Coccium, Latio jure donata, Sistuntiorum, Burton, Lancashire. |
| * | Coitani, Forest of Rockingham, Caledonia Sylva, Northamptonshire. |
| * | Coria, Corstan law, metropolis of Gadeni, Lothian. |
| Corbantorigum, of Selgovæ. | |
| Corinium Dobunorum, Latio jure donata, Cirencester, Gloucestershire. | |
| * | Coritani, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire. |
| Coriondii, Ireland. | |
| * | Corisennis, Causennis, Stanfeild, Lincolnshire. |
| * | Corium, Corsford by Lanerk, Cluydsdale. |
| Corstoplium, Corbridge, Northumberland. | |
| Crococolana, Colingham, Nottinghamshire. | |
| Cronium mare, northern Ocean. | |
| * | Creones, Cerones ad Volsas sinus, Ross. |
| Cunedio, Marlborough, Cunetio, Wiltshire. | |
| Dabrona, r. Ireland, | |
| Damnii, Argyleshire, Vespasianæ. | |
| * | Damnii Albani, Scotland, infra Tavum, Vacomagosque, Valentiæ, Lorn. |
| Damnia, north and South of the wall of Severus. | |
| Damnonii, Somersetshire, Primæ. | |
| Damnii, Ireland. | |
| Danum, Doncaster, Yorkshire. | |
| Delgovicia, Wighton, Yorkshire. | |
| Darabouna, r. of Rhobogdii, Ireland. | |
| Derventio, Stanford-bridge, Yorkshire. | |
| Derventio, Little Chester, by Derby. | |
| Derventio, r. Derwent, Cumberland, Maximæ. | |
| Deva, r. of Taixali, by Aberdeen, Dee. | |
| Deva, r. Dee by Kirkcubright, of Selgovæ. | |
| * | Dena, r. Cree, by Whithern, Scotland. |
| Deva, colonia, Westchester, legio xx. v. v. Cretica, Flaviæ. | |
| Devana, of Taixali, Aberdeen, Divana. | |
| * | Dimeti, Silurum gens, Secundæ, Cardiganshire. |
| Dobona, r. Ireland. | |
| Dobuni, Boduni, Cattieuchlanorum gens, Oxfordshire. | |
| Dunum, metropolis, Ireland. | |
| Dubris, r. of Cantii, Douvre. | |
| Dubris, portus, Dover, Kent. | |
| Durius r. Ireland. | |
| * | Durius r. Damnoniorum, Dart, Devonshire. |
| * | Durinum, Durnovaria, Dorchester, Dorsetshire, stipendiaria. |
| Durobris, Duroprovis, Rochester, stipendiaria, Durobrovis. | |
| * | Durnomagus, Caster by Peterborough, Cenomannorum, Latio jure donata, Northamptonshire. |
| Durotriges, s. Morini, Dorsetshire. | |
| * | Durolevum, Durosevum, Sittingburn, Kent. |
| * | Durolitum, Romford, Durositum, Essex. |
| Durocina, Dorchester episcopi, Oxfordshire. | |
| Durosiponte, Godmanchester, Huntingdonshire. | |
| Durovernum, stipendiaria, Canterbury, Cantiopolis. | |
| Eblanæ, Ireland. | |
| Eboracum, municipium, formerly colonia leg. VI. victrix, York. | |
| Ebuda isle, Hebrid, Caledoniæ. | |
| —— II. Caledoniæ. | |
| —— III. Skye, Caledoniæ. | |
| —— IV. Caledoniæ. | |
| —— V. Caledoniæ. | |
| Ebudum, prom. of Carnovacæ, Highlands. | |
| * | Epiacum, Chester in the street, county of Durham, Brigantum, Maximæ. |
| * | Epidia, insula superior, Northvist, Vespasianæ. |
| Epidium, prom. Highlands. | |
| * | Epidii, Cantyre, Highlands. |
| * | Epidia, insula inferior, Southvist, Vespasianæ. |
| Eriri mons, by Bala, Merionydshire. | |
| Etocetum, of Carnabii, wall by Litchfield, Flaviæ, Staffordshire. | |
| Flavia, Province. | |
| * | Forum Dianæ, Cassiorum, Market-street, by Dunstable, Hertfordshire. |
| * | Fretum Menevicum, Cardigan, bay, Secundæ. |
| Gadeni, in Northumberland, Valentiæ. | |
| Gadenia, north of the wall of Severus. | |
| Gadeni, in Scotland. | |
| * | Gadanica, Colonica, Colecester, or Peebles, Scotland. |
| * | Galgacum, Galacum, Lanchester, Brigantum, Maximæ, Durham county. |
| Garion, r. Yare, Garienus, Norfolk. | |
| Genania, Province, North Wales. | |
| Glevum, Glebon, colonia, leg. VII. Claudia Dobunorum, Gloucester, Flaviæ. | |
| Gobannium Silurum, Abergaveny, Secundæ. | |
| Grampius, m. Grantsbein, Scotland, Vespasianæ. | |
| * | Halengum, Halangium, Hailston, Cornwall. |
| Hebudes insulæ V. | |
| * | Helenum, prom. Helenis Cornabiorum, Berry Point, Devonshire. |
| Herculis columnæ, Cornwall, Main Ambres. | |
| Herculis, prom. Hertland Point, Devonshire. | |
| * | Herculis insula, Heraclea, Lundy, Primæ. |
| * | Hedui, Somersetshire. |
| * | Heriri m. m. by Bala, Wales, Secundæ, Merionydshire. |
| * | Hierna. |
| Horestii, ad Tavum, Fife, Vespasianæ. | |
| Ibernia, city in Ireland. | |
| Ibernus, r. Ireland. | |
| Ibernii, Ireland. | |
| Icenii, Rutland, Cambridgeshire, Suffolk, Flaviæ. | |
| * | Icianis, Ixworth, Icklingham, Suffolk. |
| Idumanus, r. by Chelmsford, Essex, Trinobantes. | |
| Ila, r. Ale, Highlands, Caledoniæ. | |
| * | In medio. |
| * | In medium, Kirkton, Lincolnshire. |
| * | Isannavaria, Towcester, Isantavaria, Northamptonshire. |
| Isca, r. Ex by Exeter, Primæ. | |
| Isca Damnoniorum, metropolis, stipendiaria, Exeter. | |
| Isca Silurum colonia, Caerleon, leg. ii. Aug. metropolis Britanniæ Secundæ, Monmouthshire. | |
| Isca, r. Usk, Monmouthshire. | |
| Ischalis Heduorum, Ilchester, Somersetshire. | |
| Isurium Brigantum, Brigantium, metropolis, Yorkshire, Aldborough, Maximæ, Aldwark. | |
| Ituna, r. of Taixali, Ythan, Vespasianæ. | |
| * | Ituna Æstuarium, Eden, Valentiæ. |
| Ituna, r. of Selgovæ. | |
| Itys, r. Highlands. | |
| * | Κριοῦ μέτωπον, prom. Ram head, Primæ, Cornwall. |
| Lactorodum, Stoney-Stretford, Bucks. | |
| Lataris, Bowes, Yorkshire. | |
| Lebarum, Ireland. | |
| Legiolium, Casterford, Yorkshire. | |
| Lelanonius Sinus, Lochleven, Highlands, Vespasianæ. | |
| Lemanus portus, Limne, primæ, Kent. | |
| Lemana, r. Cantii, Lime-water, Kent. | |
| Lemanus, r. boundary of Cantii and Bibroci. | |
| * | Leucopibia, candida casa, Withern, Novantum, metropolis, Valentiæ, Scotland. |
| Leucarium, Loghor, Glamorganshire. | |
| Libnius mons, Ireland. | |
| Libnius, metropolis, Ireland. | |
| * | Lincalidor lacus, Lochlomond, Attacottorum. |
| * | Lindum, Dunblane, Horestiorum. |
| Lindum colonia Coritanorum, Lincoln. | |
| Loebius, r. Ireland. | |
| * | Logi, Sutherland, Highlands. |
| Londinium Augusta, London, colonia, Lundinum, metropolis, Flaviæ. | |
| * | Longus, r. Lochlock, Highlands. |
| Loxa, r. Frith of Cromarty, Highlands. | |
| * | Luanticum, Lovantium, metropolis Dimetiorum, Cardigan, Secundæ. |
| Lucani, Ireland. | |
| Lugubalia, Latio jure donata, Sistuntiorum, Carlisle, Maximæ. | |
| Maætæ, north of the wall of Severus. | |
| Macobicum, metropolis, Ireland. | |
| Madum, Madeston, Kent. | |
| Madus, r. Medway, Kent. | |
| Magna Silurum, Old Radnor. | |
| Magiovinium, Dunstable, Bedfordshire. | |
| Maleos, Isle Mull. | |
| Manavia, Isle of Man. | |
| Mancunium, Mancastle, by Manchester, Lancashire. | |
| Manduessedum, Mancester, Warwickshire. | |
| * | Mare Orcadum, Pentland Frith. |
| * | Mare Thule, North British sea, Caledoniæ. |
| * | Margidunum, Willughby, Nottinghamshire. |
| Moridunum, Seaton, stipendiaria, Devonshire. | |
| Maxima, Province. | |
| Mediolanum, Myvod, Ordovicum, Montgomeryshire. | |
| Mediolanum, Ireland. | |
| Mediolanum, Chesterton by Newcastle, Staffordshire. | |
| Menapia, Isle Ramsey, Pembrokeshire. | |
| Menapia, in Ireland. | |
| Menapii, Ireland. | |
| * | Menavia, Menapia, Dimetiorum, Pembrokeshire, St. David’s. |
| Meneviacum fretum, Irish sea. | |
| * | Merseia, r. Mersey, Cheshire. |
| Mertæ, Murray, Highlands. | |
| Metaris æstuarium, Lincolnshire Washes, Flaviæ. | |
| Modona r. Ireland. | |
| Mona insula, Anglesey, N. Wales. | |
| * | Monada insula, Mona, Monæda, Man. |
| Moricambe, r. Decker, Lancashire, Maximæ. | |
| * | Morini, Somersetshire, Dorset, Primæ. |
| * | Muridunum, Columb, Cornwall, Primæ. |
| Muridunum, Carmarthen, stipendiaria, Dimetiorum, metropolis, S. Wales. | |
| Musidum, Cornwall. | |
| Nabius, r. Nabæus, Navern, Highlands. | |
| Nagnatæ, Ireland. | |
| Nen, Naina, r. Peterborough, Northamptonshire. | |
| Nidus, r. Nith, Nithesdale. | |
| Nidum, Neath. | |
| * | Nidus, r. Neath, Glamorganshire, Secundæ. |
| Novantæ, West Galway, Valentiæ. | |
| Novantum Chersonesus, prom. Galway. | |
| * | Noviomagus, metropolis, Bibrocorum, s. Rhemorum, Croydon, Primæ, Surry. |
| Novantia, north of the wall of Severus. | |
| Novius, r. Selgovæ, Scotland. | |
| Obora, r. Ireland. | |
| * | Ocetis, Isle, Stroma, Caledoniæ. |
| * | Oceanus Deucalidonius, West British Sea. |
| Ocrinum, prom. Cimbrorum, Cornwall. | |
| Ocrinum mons, Penryn, Cornwall, Primæ. | |
| * | Olicana, Brigantum, Wetherby, Maximæ. |
| Orcas prom. Farohead, Highlands. | |
| Octurupium, prom. Dimetiorum, Bishop and Clerks, Pembrokeshire. | |
| * | Orrea, Perth, Vecturionum, Dunkeld, St. Johnston. |
| Orcades, Isles xxx. | |
| Ordovicia. | |
| Ordovices, Silurum gens. | |
| * | Otys, r. Loch-soil, Lochabar. |
| Ottadini, Northumberland. | |
| Ottadinii, north of the wall of Severus. | |
| Oxellum, prom. Brigantum, Spurn-head, Holderness, Yorkshire. | |
| Parisii, Brigantum, Holderness. | |
| * | Penoxyllum, prom. Terbaetness, Cantæ, Ross. |
| * | Penninæ montes, Peak, Derbyshire, Maximæ. |
| Pennocrucium, Penkridge, Staffordshire. | |
| * | Petuaria, Parisiorum, Brough, Yorkshire, Pecuaria. |
| * | Portus fœlix, Bridlington-bay, Parisiorum, Yorkshire. |
| Portus magnus, Belgarum, Portchester, Hampshire. | |
| * | Pomona, Isle, Mainland, Orkneys. |
| Præsidium, Warwick. | |
| Prætuarium, Patrinton, Yorkshire, Holderness. | |
| * | Pteroton, alata castra, Inverness, Vacomagorum metropolis, Latio jure donata. |
| Ragæ, Ratæ Coritanorum, Leicester, Coitanorum, stipendiaria, Flaviæ. | |
| Regia, metropolis, Velatoriorum, Ireland. | |
| * | Regnum, Chichester, Regentium, Sussex. |
| Regulbium, Reculver, Primæ, Kent. | |
| * | Rerigonium, Sistuntiorum, Maximæ, Burton on Lune, or Ribchester, Lancashire. |
| Rhæba, metropolis, there, Ireland. | |
| Rhebius, r. Ireland, | |
| Rhebius, lake, Ireland. | |
| Rhemi, or Bibroci, Berks. | |
| Rhobogdii, Ireland. | |
| Rhobogdium, metropolis there. | |
| Rhobogdium, prom. | |
| Rhusina, metrop. of Ibernii, Ireland. | |
| Ricinia, Isle. | |
| Rutunium, Rowton, Shropshire. | |
| Rutupium colonia, metrop. leg. II. aug. portus, Sandwich, Richborough, Kent. | |
| Sabrina æstuar. Severn, Primæ. | |
| Sacrum, prom. Ireland. | |
| * | Salinæ Dobunorum, Saltwarp, Droitwich, Flaviæ, Worcestershire. |
| Sarna, Isle. | |
| Scotti, first inhabitants of Ireland. | |
| Secunda, Province. | |
| Segontiaci, Hampshire. | |
| Segontium, Carnarvon, stipendiaria, metropolis, Cangianorum, Secundæ. | |
| Selgovæ, at Solway Frith, Annandale. | |
| Selgovia, north of the wall of Severus. | |
| Sena, Isle. | |
| Senus, r. Ireland. | |
| Seteia, r. of Brigantes. | |
| Silimnus, Isle. | |
| Silures, Herefordshire. | |
| * | Silva Caledonia, Rockingham Forest, Northamptonshire. |
| * | Silva Caledonia, Stetadel Forest, Sutherland. |
| Sinus Metaris, Lincolnshire Washes. | |
| * | Sistuntii, Lancashire, Maximæ. |
| Sitomagus, Thetford, Norfolk. | |
| Sorbiodunum, Old Sarum, Wilts, Latio jure donata, Belgæ, præsidium Romanorum. | |
| Spinis, Spene, Berkshire. | |
| * | Statio Trajectus, Chepstow, Monmouthshire. |
| * | Strabo, r. Oudergill, Ross. |
| Sturius, r. Cantii, Stour, Kent. | |
| Sturius, r. Trinobantum, Stour, Essex. | |
| Stuccia, r. Rhydel by Aberystwth, S. Wales. | |
| Surius, r. Soar, Flaviæ extremæ, Leicestershire. | |
| * | Sulloniagis, Edgware, Middlesex. |
| Sygdeles, Isles, Oestromynides, Cassiterides, Scilly Isles, Numb. XL. | |
| * | Tamara, by Tavistoke, Saltash, Damnoniorum, upon Tamar, Devonshire. |
| Tamarus, r. Damnoniorum, Tamar, Devonshire. | |
| * | Tamese, Stretley, Berks. |
| * | Tamea, Brunchester by Blair, Vacomagi. |
| Taixali in north of Scotland. | |
| Taixalorum, prom. part of m. Grampius, Buchanness. | |
| Tavus, r. Tay in Vespasiana Province, by Perth. | |
| Tavus, r. Tay in England, Devonshire. | |
| * | Tavus æstuarium, Tay Frith, Scotland. |
| * | Termolus, South Moulton, Devonshire, Primæ. |
| * | Texalum, Castle in Mearns. |
| Thamesis, r. Thames. | |
| * | Thermæ, colonia, Aquæ Solis, Bath, Heduorum. |
| * | Theodosia, Alcluith, Dun Briton, Latio jure donata, Vespasianæ. |
| Thule, Isle Iceland, Caledoniæ. | |
| Thanatos, Isle Thanet, Kent. | |
| * | Tibia, r. by Caerdiff. |
| Tina, r. by Montrose, Vecturionum. | |
| Tina, both rivers of Ottadini, Northumberland. | |
| * | Tisa, r. Tees, Yorkshire, Maximæ. |
| * | Tobius, r. Rhymnyr, by Caerdiff, Secundæ. |
| * | Tobius, r. Tewy, by Caermarthen. |
| Tossibus, r. of Mona Isle, Canovius. | |
| Trinobantes, Middlesex. | |
| Trisanton, r. Newhaven, Sussex. | |
| * | Trimuntium, Selgovæ, Canaby, Scotland. |
| * | Tripontium, Dowbridge, Showel, Northamptonshire. |
| * | Trivona Coritanorum, r. Trent. Flaviæ. |
| Tuæssis of Vacomagi, on Spay r. Rothes. | |
| Tuessis, r. of Vacomagi, Spay, Scotland. | |
| * | Tuerbius, r. Tyvy, by Caerdigan. |
| Tueda, r. of Ottadini, Tuede, Northumberland. | |
| Vacomagi, Athol, beyond Grampius in Vespasiana. | |
| * | Vaga, r. Wye, Hertfordshire, Secundæ. |
| * | Vallum Antonini, Falkirk, Scotland. |
| Vallum Severi, Picts wall. | |
| Vanduaria, Vanduarium, Damniorum, Clydsdale, a Roman garrison, Krawford. | |
| Varar æstuarium, Frith of Murray. | |
| Vararis, r. Vicomagi, by Inverness, Scotland. | |
| * | Vainona, Wainflet, Lincolnshire. |
| Valentia Province, ad murum Antonini. | |
| Varis, Bodvary, Flintshire. | |
| Vataris, Brough, Westmorland. | |
| * | Varis, Nairn, Scotland. |
| * | Vagniaca, Sevenoak, Kent. |
| Vecturiones, Venricones, Angus, Scotland. | |
| Vecta, Isle Wyght. | |
| Velatorii, Ireland. | |
| Vedra, r. Weremouth, Durham. | |
| Venta Icenorum, Caster by Norwich, metropolis, stipendiaria, Norfolk. | |
| Venta Belgarum, Winchester, stipendiaria, Hampshire. | |
| Venta, Winburnminster, Dorsetsh. | |
| Venta Silurum, stipendiaria, Caerwent, Monmouthshire. | |
| * | Venonis, Cleycester, Highcross, Northamptonshire. |
| Venicnium, prom. Ireland. | |
| Venicnii, Ireland. | |
| Venicniæ Isles, Ireland. | |
| * | Vernometum, Cosington, Leicestershire. |
| * | Verlucio, Laycock, Wiltshire. |
| Verolanium, Verulam, St. Alban’s, municipium, Cassii, Hertfordsh. | |
| * | Vervedrum, prom. Ness head, Caledoniæ. |
| Vespasiana, Province, beyond Antoninus’s Prætentura. | |
| * | Victoria, Perth, Airdoch, Latio jure donata. |
| Victoria, Dunbriton, Latio jure donata, of Horestii, upon Tavus r. Scotland. | |
| Vidogara, r. Ayr in Kyle, Valentiæ. | |
| Vidua, r. Rhobogdii, Ireland. | |
| Vindomora, Ebchester, Durham. | |
| Vindelis, prom. Vindelia, Portland Isle, Dorsetshire. | |
| Vindonum, stipendiaria, Segontiorum metropolis, Silchester, Berks. | |
| Vinder r. Ireland. | |
| Vindilios Isle. | |
| Vinovium, Peirsebridge, Binchester, of Brigantes, Ovynford, Durham county. | |
| Vindocladia, Wimburnminster, Dorsetshire. | |
| Virgivus Oceanus. | |
| Virubium, prom. Caledoniæ, Ordhead, extremum Caledoniæ. | |
| Vodia, r. Ireland. | |
| Vodia, prom. Ireland. | |
| Volsas sinus, Lochbreyn, Highlands, Ross. | |
| * | Voluba, Fowey, Cornwall. |
| Voluba, Damnoniorum, Grampound, Cornwall. | |
| Voluntii, Volantii, Amunder, Lancashire. | |
| Voluntii, Ireland. | |
| Voreda, Castle Voran, Northumberland. | |
| Urus, r. Brigantes, Ure. | |
| Uriconium, Viriconium, Wroxcester, Carnabiorum, metropolis, Flaviæ, Shropshire. | |
| Uxella, Barton, on the Foss road, Somersetshire, Damniorum. | |
| Uxella, r. Cimbri, Somersetshire, by Glasenbury, Primæ. | |
| Uxella, m. Uxelli, m. m. Hills of Lothlers, Cluydsdale. | |
| Uxellum, Dunfreys, Selgovæ, Nithisdale. | |
| Uxoconium, Okenyate, Usocona, Salop. | |
| Wantsum æstuarium, Kent, mouth of Stour. | |
This is a collective index, much the largest extant, of all the places mentioned in the Map, in the Itinerary, in the Chorography, of Richard of Cirencester’s work. It contains in the whole 500 names of antiquity, whereof about 150 I have signed with an asterisc, as wholly new, more correctly named, or placed, than in former writers on the subject. We must needs look on it as a great treasure in Roman antiquities. I have assigned the modern names. It is impossible I should be exact in all, either in England, or Wales, or Scotland: they must be left to the studious, who have proper skill and opportunities to examine them, and make a just use of the great light here thrown on the face of our island, in the earliest times of the Romans: some I have purposely omitted, that the lovers of these antiquities may use like diligence to fill up those vacancies, as well as correct others, which future discoveries will enable them to do.
The following is a specimen of the writing of the original manuscript, and explication thereof.
Sequitur Commentariolum geographicum de situ Brittaniæ et Stationum quas Romani ipsi in ea insula edificaverunt.
L. i. C. i.
Finis erat orbis ora Gallici littoris, nisi Brittania insula, non qualibet amplitudinis, nomen pene orbis alterius mereretur.
Dicitur. hic abest a Gessariaco Morinorum Brittanice gentis portu, trajectu millium L. sive ut quidam scripsere, Stadiorum CCCCL. illinc conspiciuntur.
FINIS.